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Li X, Wang C. The potential biomedical platforms based on the functionalized Gd@C
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nanomaterials. VIEW 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/viw2.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xue Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Chunru Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
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2
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Caballero R, Servián LD, Gobeze HB, Fernandez-Delgado O, Echegoyen L, D'Souza F, Langa F. Sc 3N@ Ih-C 80 based donor–acceptor conjugate: role of thiophene spacer in promoting ultrafast excited state charge separation. RSC Adv 2020; 10:19861-19866. [PMID: 35520425 PMCID: PMC9054176 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra04379f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Photoinduced charge separation and dark charge recombination occurring within picoseconds is observed in newly synthesized triphenylamine–thiophene-Sc3N@Ih-C80 and triphenylamine–thiophene-C60 conjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Caballero
- Instituto de Nanociencia Nanotecnología y Materiales Moleculares (INAMOL)
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha
- 45071 Toledo
- Spain
| | - Luis David Servián
- Instituto de Nanociencia Nanotecnología y Materiales Moleculares (INAMOL)
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha
- 45071 Toledo
- Spain
| | | | | | - Luis Echegoyen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Texas at El Paso
- El Paso
- USA
| | | | - Fernando Langa
- Instituto de Nanociencia Nanotecnología y Materiales Moleculares (INAMOL)
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha
- 45071 Toledo
- Spain
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Bologna F, Mattioli EJ, Bottoni A, Zerbetto F, Calvaresi M. Interactions between Endohedral Metallofullerenes and Proteins: The Gd@C 60-Lysozyme Model. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:13782-13789. [PMID: 31458078 PMCID: PMC6644377 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b01888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Endohedral metallofullerenes (EMFs) have great potential as radioisotope carriers for nuclear medicine and as contrast agents for X-ray and magnetic resonance imaging. EMFs have still important restrictions for their use due to low solubility in physiological environments, low biocompatibility, nonspecific cellular uptake, and a strong dependence of their peculiar properties on physiological parameters, such as pH and salt content. Conjugation of the EMFs with proteins can overcome many of these limitations. Here we investigated the thermodynamics of binding of a model EMF (Gd@C60) with a protein (lysozyme) that is known to act as a host for the empty fullerene. As a rule, even if the shape of an EMF is exactly the same as that of the related fullerene, the interactions with a protein are significantly different. The estimated interaction energy (ΔG binding) between Gd@C60 and lysozyme is -18.7 kcal mol-1, suggesting the possibility of using proteins as supramolecular carriers for EMFs. π-π stacking, hydrophobic interactions, surfactant-like interactions, and electrostatic interactions govern the formation of the hybrid between Gd@C60 and lysozyme. The comparison of the energy contributions to the binding between C60 or Gd@C60 and lysozyme suggests that, although shape complementarity remains the driving force of the binding, the presence of electron transfer from the gadolinium atom to the carbon cage induces a charge distribution on the fullerene cage that strongly affects its interaction with the protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Bologna
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Giacomo
Ciamician”, Alma Mater Studiorum—Università
di Bologna, via F. Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Edoardo Jun Mattioli
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Giacomo
Ciamician”, Alma Mater Studiorum—Università
di Bologna, via F. Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Bottoni
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Giacomo
Ciamician”, Alma Mater Studiorum—Università
di Bologna, via F. Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesco Zerbetto
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Giacomo
Ciamician”, Alma Mater Studiorum—Università
di Bologna, via F. Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Matteo Calvaresi
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Giacomo
Ciamician”, Alma Mater Studiorum—Università
di Bologna, via F. Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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Yao S, Fan J, Chen Z, Zong Y, Zhang J, Sun Z, Zhang L, Tai R, Liu Z, Chen C, Jiang H. Three-dimensional ultrastructural imaging reveals the nanoscale architecture of mammalian cells. IUCRJ 2018; 5:141-149. [PMID: 29765603 PMCID: PMC5947718 DOI: 10.1107/s2052252517017912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge of the interactions between nanomaterials and large-size mammalian cells, including cellular uptake, intracellular localization and translocation, has greatly advanced nanomedicine and nanotoxicology. Imaging techniques that can locate nanomaterials within the structures of intact large-size cells at nanoscale resolution play crucial roles in acquiring this knowledge. Here, the quantitative imaging of intracellular nanomaterials in three dimensions was performed by combining dual-energy contrast X-ray microscopy and an iterative tomographic algorithm termed equally sloped tomography (EST). Macrophages with a size of ∼20 µm that had been exposed to the potential antitumour agent [Gd@C82(OH)22] n were investigated. Large numbers of nanoparticles (NPs) aggregated within the cell and were mainly located in phagosomes. No NPs were observed in the nucleus. Imaging of the nanomedicine within whole cells advanced the understanding of the high-efficiency antitumour activity and the low toxicity of this agent. This imaging technique can be used to probe nanomaterials within intact large-size cells at nanometre resolution uniformly in three dimensions and may greatly benefit the fields of nanomedicine and nanotoxicology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengkun Yao
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201210, People’s Republic of China
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201210, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiadong Fan
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201210, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhiyun Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, No. 11 ZhongGuanCun BeiYiTiao, Beijing 100190, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yunbing Zong
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, 27 Shanda Nanlu, Jinan, Shandong 250100, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201210, People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, 27 Shanda Nanlu, Jinan, Shandong 250100, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhibin Sun
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201210, People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, 27 Shanda Nanlu, Jinan, Shandong 250100, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lijuan Zhang
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, 239 Zhangheng Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai 201204, People’s Republic of China
| | - Renzhong Tai
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, 239 Zhangheng Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai 201204, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhi Liu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201210, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chunying Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, No. 11 ZhongGuanCun BeiYiTiao, Beijing 100190, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huaidong Jiang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201210, People’s Republic of China
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201210, People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, 27 Shanda Nanlu, Jinan, Shandong 250100, People’s Republic of China
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Li T, Dorn HC. Biomedical Applications of Metal-Encapsulated Fullerene Nanoparticles. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2017; 13:1603152. [PMID: 28026111 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201603152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The carbonaceous nanomaterials known as metallofullerenes have attracted considerable attention due to their attractive properties. The robust nature of the "Trojan Horse" fullerene cage provides an important structural component, which isolates the metal cluster from the bioenvironment. The large carbon surface area is ideally suited for multiple exo-functionalization approaches to modify the hydrophobic cage for a more hydrophilic bioenvironment. Additionally, peptides and other agents are readily covalently attached to this nanoprobe for targeting applications. The recent progress in developing metallofullerenes for next-generation biomedical applications is described. Of special interest are magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents. Several recent studies reported cumulative gadolinium deposition in the brain and bones of individuals using commercial clinical MRI contrast agents. Gadolinium-based metallofullerenes provide 2-3 orders of magnitude improvement in MRI relaxivity and potentially lower clinical levels of toxic Gd3+ ions deposited. Other potential biomedical applications are also reviewed herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tinghui Li
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, 24061, United States
| | - Harry C Dorn
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, 24061, United States
- Virginia Tech Carilion Research Institute, Roanoke, Virginia, 24016, United States
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Murphy SV, Hale A, Reid T, Olson J, Kidiyoor A, Tan J, Zhou Z, Jackson J, Atala A. Use of trimetasphere metallofullerene MRI contrast agent for the non-invasive longitudinal tracking of stem cells in the lung. Methods 2015; 99:99-111. [PMID: 26546729 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2015.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2015] [Revised: 10/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a commonly used, non-invasive imaging technique that provides visualization of soft tissues with high spatial resolution. In both a research and clinical setting, the major challenge has been identifying a non-invasive and safe method for longitudinal tracking of delivered cells in vivo. The labeling and tracking of contrast agent labeled cells using MRI has the potential to fulfill this need. Contrast agents are often used to enhance the image contrast between the tissue of interest and surrounding tissues with MRI. The most commonly used MRI contrast agents contain Gd(III) ions. However, Gd(III) ions are highly toxic in their ionic form, as they tend to accumulate in the liver, spleen, kidney and bones and block calcium channels. Endohedral metallofullerenes such as trimetallic nitride endohedral metallofullerenes (Trimetasphere®) are one unique class of fullerene molecules where a Gd3N cluster is encapsulated inside a C80 carbon cage referred to as Gd3N@C80. These endohedral metallofullerenes have several advantages over small chelated Gd(III) complexes such as increased stability of the Gd(III) ion, minimal toxic effects, high solubility in water and high proton relativity. In this study, we describe the evaluation of gadolinium-based Trimetasphere® positive contrast agent for the in vitro labeling and in vivo tracking of human amniotic fluid-derived stem cells within lung tissue. In addition, we conducted a 'proof-of-concept' experiment demonstrating that this methodology can be used to track the homing of stem cells to injured lung tissue and provide longitudinal analysis of cell localization over an extended time course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean V Murphy
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA.
| | - Austin Hale
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA.
| | - Tanya Reid
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA.
| | - John Olson
- Center for Biomolecular Imaging, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
| | - Amritha Kidiyoor
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA.
| | - Josh Tan
- Center for Biomolecular Imaging, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
| | - Zhiguo Zhou
- Luna nanoWorks Division, Luna Innovations, Incorporated, Danville, VA 24541, USA.
| | - John Jackson
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA.
| | - Anthony Atala
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA.
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Zeng LJ, Deng K. Tc n and Tc n@C 70 Endohedral Metalofullerenes: ab initio Spin-density-functional Calculations. CHINESE J CHEM PHYS 2015. [DOI: 10.1063/1674-0068/28/cjcp1507140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Huang YY, Sharma SK, Yin R, Agrawal T, Chiang LY, Hamblin MR. Functionalized fullerenes in photodynamic therapy. J Biomed Nanotechnol 2015; 10:1918-36. [PMID: 25544837 DOI: 10.1166/jbn.2014.1963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Since the discovery of C60 fullerene in 1985, scientists have been searching for biomedical applications of this most fascinating of molecules. The unique photophysical and photochemical properties of C60 suggested that the molecule would function well as a photosensitizer in photodynamic therapy (PDT). PDT uses the combination of non-toxic dyes and harmless visible light to produce reactive oxygen species that kill unwanted cells. However the extreme insolubility and hydrophobicity of pristine CO60, mandated that the cage be functionalized with chemical groups that provided water solubility and biological targeting ability. It has been found that cationic quaternary ammonium groups provide both these features, and this review covers work on the use of cationic fullerenes to mediate destruction of cancer cells and pathogenic microorganisms in vitro and describes the treatment of tumors and microbial infections in mouse models. The design, synthesis, and use of simple pyrrolidinium salts, more complex decacationic chains, and light-harvesting antennae that can be attached to C60, C70 and C84 cages are covered. In the case of bacterial wound infections mice can be saved from certain death by fullerene-mediated PDT.
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Zheng LN, Wang M, Zhao LC, Sun BY, Wang B, Chen HQ, Zhao YL, Chai ZF, Feng WY. Quantitative analysis of Gd@C82(OH)22 and cisplatin uptake in single cells by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2015; 407:2383-91. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-014-8422-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2014] [Revised: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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A novel gadolinium-based trimetasphere metallofullerene for application as a magnetic resonance imaging contrast agent. Invest Radiol 2014; 48:745-54. [PMID: 23748228 DOI: 10.1097/rli.0b013e318294de5d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Macromolecular contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are useful blood-pool agents because of their long systemic half-life and have found applications in monitoring tumor vasculature and angiogenesis. Macromolecular contrast agents have been able to overcome some of the disadvantages of the conventional small-molecule contrast agent Magnevist (gadolinium-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid), such as rapid extravasation and quick renal clearance, which limits the viable MRI time. There is an urgent need for new MRI contrast agents that increase the sensitivity of detection with a higher relaxivity, longer blood half-life, and reduced toxicity from free Gd3+ ions. Here, we report on the characterization of a novel water-soluble, derivatized, gadolinium-enclosed metallofullerene nanoparticle (Hydrochalarone-1) in development as an MRI contrast agent. MATERIALS AND METHODS The physicochemical properties of Hydrochalarone-1 were characterized by dynamic light scattering (hydrodynamic diameter), atomic force microscopy (particle height), ζ potential analysis (surface charge), and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (gadolinium concentration). The blood compatibility of Hydrochalarone-1 was also assessed in vitro through analysis of hemolysis, platelet aggregation, and complement activation of human blood. In vitro relaxivities, in vivo pharmacokinetics, and a pilot in vivo acute toxicity study were also performed. RESULTS An extensive in vitro and in vivo characterization of Hydrochalarone-1 is described here. The hydrodynamic size of Hydrochalarone-1 was 5 to 7 nm depending on the dispersing media, and it was negatively charged at physiological pH. Hydrochalarone-1 showed compatibility with blood cells in vitro, and no significant hemolysis, platelet aggregation, or complement activation was observed in vitro. In addition, Hydrochalarone-1 had significantly higher r1 and r2 in vitro relaxivities in human plasma in comparison with Magnevist and was not toxic at the doses administered in an in vivo pilot acute-dose toxicity study in mice.In vivo MRI pharmacokinetic analysis after a single intravenous injection of Hydrochalarone-1 (0.2 mmol Gd/kg) showed that the volume of distribution at steady state was approximately 100 mL/kg, suggesting prolonged systemic circulation. Hydrochalarone-1 also had a long blood half-life (88 minutes) and increased relaxivity, suggesting application as a promising blood-pool MRI contrast agent. CONCLUSIONS The evidence suggests that Hydrochalarone-1, with its long systemic half-life, may have significant utility as a blood-pool MRI contrast agent.
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Induction of apoptosis through ER stress and TP53 in MCF-7 cells by the nanoparticle [Gd@C82(OH)22]n: A systems biology study. Methods 2014; 67:394-406. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2014.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Revised: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 01/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
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Kozlov VS, Suyasova MV, Lebedev VT. Synthesis, extraction, and chromatographic purification of higher empty fullerenes and endohedral gadolinium metallofullerenes. RUSS J APPL CHEM+ 2014. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070427214020013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Meng J, Liang X, Chen X, Zhao Y. Biological characterizations of [Gd@C82(OH)22]n nanoparticles as fullerene derivatives for cancer therapy. Integr Biol (Camb) 2013; 5:43-7. [PMID: 22961501 PMCID: PMC3629950 DOI: 10.1039/c2ib20145c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Malignant tumor disease is one of the leading causes of human death in many countries. Currently, chemotherapy is considered highly efficient for cancer treatment. However, the clinical application of conventional chemotherapeutic agents is limited because of their high toxicity. With the development of nanotechnology, engineered nanomaterials have been widely and increasingly used in biomedical fields such as biomedicine. Thus, the use of engineered nanomaterials has become a promising approach to cancer treatment. Many newly fabricated nanomaterials with unique characteristics exhibit favorable therapeutic and diagnostic properties, implying their enormous potential as biomedical candidates. [Gd@C(82)(OH)(22)](n) is a new type of metallofullerenol nanoparticle with high anti-tumor activity but low toxicity. In this article, the properties and biological effects of [Gd@C(82)(OH)(22)](n) are summarized, and their possible mechanisms are analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Meng
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, China
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Meng J, Xing J, Ma X, Cao W, Lu J, Wang Y, Gao X, Sun B, Liang X, Zhao Y. Metallofullerol nanoparticles with low toxicity inhibit tumor growth by induction of G0/G1 arrest. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2012; 8:203-13. [PMID: 22934979 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.12.95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS [Gd@C(82)(OH)(22)](n) is a new type of nanoparticle with potent antineoplastic activity and low toxicity compared with traditional drugs. In this study, we explored, for the first time, the effect of [Gd@C(82)(OH)(22)](n) on the cell cycle using human breast cancer MCF-7 and human umbilical vein endothelial ECV304 cell lines by flow cytometry. METHODS Cell viability was assessed through CCK-8 assay, and MCF-7 tumor-bearing mice were examined after 2 weeks of treatment with [Gd@C(82)(OH)(22)](n). Cell cycle-related gene expression was detected by microarray and confirmed by real-time PCR and RNAi. RESULTS Cell viability studies confirmed that [Gd@C(82)(OH)(22)](n) inhibits breast cancer effectively with very low toxicity. Flow cytometric data and microarray results reveal that [Gd@C(82)(OH)(22)](n) mediates G0/G1 arrest in both cell lines by regulating the expression of several genes, such as cyclin D2, cyclin E and CDK4, among others, in the related cell cycle. CONCLUSION Results further demonstrated that [Gd@C(82)(OH)(22)](n) could inhibit tumor growth by inducing tumor cell and vein endothelial cell G0/G1 arrest, which may explain the low toxicity of [Gd@C(82)(OH)(22)](n).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Meng
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience & Technology of China, Beijing 100190, China
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Hendrickson OD, Safenkova IV, Zherdev AV, Dzantiev BB, Popov VO. Methods of detection and identification of manufactured nanoparticles. Biophysics (Nagoya-shi) 2012. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006350911060066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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He X, Young SH, Schwegler-Berry D, Chisholm WP, Fernback JE, Ma Q. Multiwalled carbon nanotubes induce a fibrogenic response by stimulating reactive oxygen species production, activating NF-κB signaling, and promoting fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transformation. Chem Res Toxicol 2011; 24:2237-48. [PMID: 22081859 DOI: 10.1021/tx200351d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are novel materials with unique electronic and mechanical properties. The extremely small size, fiberlike shape, large surface area, and unique surface chemistry render their distinctive chemical and physical characteristics and raise potential hazards to humans. Several reports have shown that pulmonary exposure to CNTs caused inflammation and lung fibrosis in rodents. The molecular mechanisms that govern CNT lung toxicity remain largely unaddressed. Here, we report that multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) have potent, dose-dependent toxicity on cultured human lung cells (BEAS-2B, A549, and WI38-VA13). Mechanistic analyses were carried out at subtoxic doses (≤20 μg/mL, ≤ 24 h). MWCNTs induced substantial ROS production and mitochondrial damage, implicating oxidative stress in cellular damage by MWCNT. MWCNTs activated the NF-κB signaling pathway in macrophages (RAW264.7) to increase the secretion of a panel of cytokines and chemokines (TNFα, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, and MCP1) that promote inflammation. Activation of NF-κB involved rapid degradation of IκBα, nuclear accumulation of NF-κBp65, binding of NF-κB to specific DNA-binding sequences, and transactivation of target gene promoters. Finally, MWCNTs induced the production of profibrogenic growth factors TGFβ1 and PDGF from macrophages that function as paracrine signals to promote the transformation of lung fibroblasts (WI38-VA13) into myofibroblasts, a key step in the development of fibrosis. Our results revealed that MWCNTs elicit multiple and intertwining signaling events involving oxidative damage, inflammatory cytokine production, and myofibroblast transformation, which potentially underlie the toxicity and fibrosis in human lungs by MWCNTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing He
- Receptor Biology Laboratory, Toxicology and Molecular Biology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, USA
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Meng J, Xing J, Wang Y, Lu J, Zhao Y, Gao X, Wang PC, Jia L, Liang X. Epigenetic modulation of human breast cancer by metallofullerenol nanoparticles: in vivo treatment and in vitro analysis. NANOSCALE 2011; 3:4713-4719. [PMID: 21971916 DOI: 10.1039/c1nr10898k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Multi-hydroxylated endohedral metallofullerenol [Gd@C(82)(OH)(22)](n) nanoparticles possess the general physico-chemical characteristics of most nanoparticles. They also exhibit uniquely low toxicity and antineoplastic efficacy. In the current study, the molecular mechanisms and epigenetic characteristics of the antineoplastic action of these nanoparticles are explored. Human breast cancer MCF-7 and human umbilical vein endothelial ECV304 cell lines were used. Cell viability assay, cell hierarchical cluster analysis by cDNA microarray, semi-quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis were conducted to investigate the changes in molecular and cellular signaling pathways caused by [Gd@C(82)(OH)(22)](n). The results demonstrated the high antitumor activity and low cytotoxicity of [Gd@C(82)(OH)(22)](n) nanoparticles both in vivo and in vitro. Their possible anti-tumor mechanisms were also discussed. The present study may provide new insight into the mechanism of action of these nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Meng
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanosciences and Technology of China, Beijing, 100190, China
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