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Ebau F, Scano A, Manca ML, Manconi M, Cabras V, Pilloni M, Ennas G. Centella asiatica extract-SiO 2 nanocomposite: More than a drug-delivery system for skin protection from oxidative damage. J Biomed Mater Res A 2023; 111:300-308. [PMID: 36278820 PMCID: PMC10092495 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
An innovative nanotechnology-based approach was used for the preparation of Centella asiatica (C. asiatica) extract-SiO2 nanocomposites, specifically tailored for skin protection from oxidative damage. Different amounts of C. asiatica glycolic extract (1.0, 3.0, 5.0, and 10.0 wt %) and fumed silica were used to prepare the nanocomposites by means of ball milling method. The influence of both composition of the starting mixture and milling time on the final products was evaluated by different techniques such as X-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and nitrogen sorption analysis. Results confirmed the integrity of the natural extract after the milling process, and its successful loading in the silica matrix. No cytotoxicity was observed for the obtained nanocomposites, which showed high in-vitro ability to scavenge 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and to protect human keratinocytes from damages induced with hydrogen peroxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Ebau
- Chemical and Geological Sciences Department, University of Cagliari, Research Unit of the National Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM)Cittadella Universitaria di MonserratoMonserratoItaly
| | - Alessandra Scano
- Chemical and Geological Sciences Department, University of Cagliari, Research Unit of the National Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM)Cittadella Universitaria di MonserratoMonserratoItaly
| | - Maria Letizia Manca
- Life and Environment Science Department, Section of Drug Sciences, CNBSUniversity of CagliariCagliariItaly
| | - Maria Manconi
- Life and Environment Science Department, Section of Drug Sciences, CNBSUniversity of CagliariCagliariItaly
| | - Valentina Cabras
- Chemical and Geological Sciences Department, University of Cagliari, Research Unit of the National Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM)Cittadella Universitaria di MonserratoMonserratoItaly
| | - Martina Pilloni
- Chemical and Geological Sciences Department, University of Cagliari, Research Unit of the National Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM)Cittadella Universitaria di MonserratoMonserratoItaly
| | - Guido Ennas
- Chemical and Geological Sciences Department, University of Cagliari, Research Unit of the National Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM)Cittadella Universitaria di MonserratoMonserratoItaly
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Scano A, Mereu E, Cabras V, Mannias G, Garau A, Pilloni M, Orrù G, Scano A, Ennas G. Green Preparation of Antimicrobial 1D-Coordination Polymers: [Zn(4,4'-bipy)Cl2]∞ and [Zn(4,4'-bipy)2(OAc)2]∞ by Ultrasonication of Zn(II) Salts and 4,4'-Bipyridine. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27196677. [PMID: 36235214 PMCID: PMC9572912 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We report on the green preparation of one-dimensional metal coordination polymers by sonochemical approach. The spacer ligand 4,4'-bipyridine was ultrasonicated with chloride or acetate zinc salts to obtain [Zn(4,4'-bipy)Cl2]∞ and [Zn(4,4'-bipy)2(OAc)2]∞, respectively. Benign solvents such as ethanol and water were selected as reaction media, and the synthesis took place in a few minutes-a very short time compared to conventional methods where some days' synthesis is required. X-ray powder diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermal analysis (thermogravimetric and differential scanning calorimetry), and CHN techniques investigated the influence of using different reaction solvents on the chemical, structural, and thermal properties of the final products. The 1D [Zn(4,4'-bipy)Cl2]∞ and [Zn(4,4'-bipy)2(OAc)2]∞ polymers, in agreement with the structures reported in the literature, were obtained in the form of nanocrystals with an average crystal size around 100 nm. As a proof of concept, a set of Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative bacteria (Klebsiella pneumoniae), and three yeast strains (Candida albicans, Candida krusei, Candida glabrata) were tested to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of the coordination polymers, following the Kirby-Bauer procedure and microplate dilution method. Thus, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), and minimal biofilm inhibitory concentration (MBIC) were evaluated. Except for Candida krusei, the compounds showed an appreciable antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity against these strains grown in the liquid medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Scano
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Cagliari and INSTM Unit, SS 554 Bivio per Sestu, 09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy
- Correspondence: or (A.S.); (G.E.)
| | - Elisabetta Mereu
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Cagliari and INSTM Unit, SS 554 Bivio per Sestu, 09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - Valentina Cabras
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Cagliari and INSTM Unit, SS 554 Bivio per Sestu, 09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - Giada Mannias
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Cagliari and INSTM Unit, SS 554 Bivio per Sestu, 09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - Alessandra Garau
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Cagliari and INSTM Unit, SS 554 Bivio per Sestu, 09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - Martina Pilloni
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Cagliari and INSTM Unit, SS 554 Bivio per Sestu, 09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - Germano Orrù
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Molecular Biology Service, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Alessandra Scano
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Molecular Biology Service, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Guido Ennas
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Cagliari and INSTM Unit, SS 554 Bivio per Sestu, 09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy
- Correspondence: or (A.S.); (G.E.)
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