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Paquette MM, Dion J, Bőthe B, O'Sullivan LF, Perrier Léonard D, Bergeron S. How Does Sexual Subjectivity Vary on the Basis of Gender and Sexual Orientation? Validation of the Short Sexual Subjectivity Inventory (SSSI-11) in Cisgender, Heterosexual and Sexual and Gender Minority Adolescents. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2024; 53:275-292. [PMID: 37679506 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-023-02675-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Through sexual exploration, adolescents learn that they are sexual beings with choices, desires, and are deserving of pleasure, which corresponds to sexual subjectivity. However, the two measures of this construct (i.e., Female Sexual Subjectivity Inventory and Male Sexual Subjectivity Inventory) have not been validated with younger adolescents and have different items for boys and girls (with no scale available for gender diverse individuals), limiting gender comparisons. This study examined (1) the factor structure of the adapted Short Sexual Subjectivity Inventory-11 items (SSSI-11) in a large sample of young cisgender, heterosexual and sexual and gender minority adolescents, (2) measurement invariance across language (English and French), gender, and sexual orientation, (3) validity with sexuality-related outcomes, and (4) one-year temporal stability. Results of a confirmatory factor analysis among 2001 adolescents (Mage = 15.5 years, SD = 0.60) revealed a multidimensional factor structure. The SSSI-11, in both English and French, showed adequate reliability and one-year temporal stability, and was invariant across genders, sexual orientations, and languages. Girls had lower scores on the entitlement to self-pleasure and self-efficacy in achieving pleasure factors, and higher scores on the entitlement to pleasure from a partner factor. No significant differences were observed on the basis of language or between heterosexual and sexual minority adolescents. The SSSI-11 correlated positively with sexuality-related variables. Findings support the strong psychometric properties of the SSSI-11, rendering it of considerable use in clinical, education, and research applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Michèle Paquette
- Département de Psychologie, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada.
| | - Jacinthe Dion
- Département des Sciences de la Santé, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, Chicoutimi, QC, Canada
| | - Beáta Bőthe
- Département de Psychologie, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada
- Département de Psychologie, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
| | - Lucia F O'Sullivan
- Department of Psychology, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, Canada
| | - Delphine Perrier Léonard
- Département de Psychologie, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Sophie Bergeron
- Département de Psychologie, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada
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Békés V, Aafjes-van Doorn K, Bőthe B. Assessing Patients' Attitudes towards Telepsychotherapy: The Development of the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology -Patient Version. Clin Psychol Psychother 2022; 29:1918-1927. [PMID: 35705786 DOI: 10.1002/cpp.2760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
This study presents the development of a self-report measure of patients' attitudes towards telepsychotherapy. The measure is based on a well-researched model of attitudes towards using technology, the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) framework (Venkatesh et al., 2003). We examined the psychometric properties of the UTAUT adapted for psychotherapy patients (UTAUT-P) in a sample of 107 psychotherapy patients who received telepsychotherapy via videoconferencing during the COVID-19 pandemic. Exploratory factor analysis resulted in a 14-item UTAUT-P version, with four factors; 1) Therapy Quality Expectancy, 2) Convenience, 3) Ease of Use, and 4) Pressure from Others, and was further corroborated by the results of the confirmatory factor analysis. Our results indicated the four-factor model's adequate fit to the data and demonstrated adequate construct validity and reliability of the UTAUT-P factors. All factors, except for Ease of Use, were significantly and positively associated with intention to use telepsychotherapy technology in the future. This study complements the research on therapists' attitudes towards telepsychotherapy, based on the therapist version of the UTAUT. The developed 14-item UTAUT-P might be a helpful, brief self-report tool in clinical practice, which might give the patient a voice around the potential use of telepsychotherapy technology in their care. This initial application of the UTAUT-P patients during the COVID-19 pandemic offers a building block for future research on patients' attitudes towards telepsychotherapy, outside the context of a forced transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Békés
- Yeshiva University, Ferkauf Graduate School of Psychology, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Beáta Bőthe
- Département de Psychologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
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Brunete A, Gambao E, Hernando M, Cedazo R. Smart Assistive Architecture for the Integration of IoT Devices, Robotic Systems, and Multimodal Interfaces in Healthcare Environments. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21062212. [PMID: 33809884 PMCID: PMC8004200 DOI: 10.3390/s21062212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents a new architecture that integrates Internet of Things (IoT) devices, service robots, and users in a smart assistive environment. A new intuitive and multimodal interaction system supporting people with disabilities and bedbound patients is presented. This interaction system allows the user to control service robots and devices inside the room in five different ways: touch control, eye control, gesture control, voice control, and augmented reality control. The interaction system is comprised of an assistive robotic arm holding a tablet PC. The robotic arm can place the tablet PC in front of the user. A demonstration of the developed technology, a prototype of a smart room equipped with home automation devices, and the robotic assistive arm are presented. The results obtained from the use of the various interfaces and technologies are presented in the article. The results include user preference with regard to eye-base control (performing clicks, and using winks or gaze) and the use of mobile phones over augmented reality glasses, among others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Brunete
- Centre for Automation and Robotics (CAR UPM-CSIC), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (E.G.); (M.H.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Ernesto Gambao
- Centre for Automation and Robotics (CAR UPM-CSIC), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (E.G.); (M.H.)
| | - Miguel Hernando
- Centre for Automation and Robotics (CAR UPM-CSIC), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (E.G.); (M.H.)
| | - Raquel Cedazo
- Department of Electrical, Electronical and Automatic Control Engineering and Applied Physics, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería y Diseño Industrial, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28012 Madrid, Spain;
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Espinosa J, Pérez J, Mas D. Comparative analysis of spontaneous blinking and the corneal reflex. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2020; 7:201016. [PMID: 33489264 PMCID: PMC7813264 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.201016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Ocular surface health, the cognitive status, psychological health or human neurological disorders, among others, can be assessed by studying eye blinking, which can be differentiated in spontaneous, reflex and voluntary. Its diagnostic potential has provided a great number of works that evaluate their characteristics and variations depending on the subject's condition (sex, tiredness, health, …). The objective of this study was to analyse the differences in blinking kinematics of spontaneous and reflex blinks, distinguishing between direct and consensual reflexes, using a self-developed, non-invasive and image processing-based method. A video-oculography system is proposed using an air jet driven by a syringe to induce reflex and a high-speed camera to record the blinking of both eyes. The light intensity diffused by the eye changes during blinking and peaks when the eyelid closes. Sixty-second sequences were recorded of 25 subjects blinking. Intensity curves were off-line fitted to an exponentially modified Gaussian (EMG) function, whose σ, μ and τ parameters were analysed. A two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) of these parameters was conducted to test the influence of the subject, the eye and blink type. In the closing phase, direct and consensual corneal reflexes are faster than spontaneous blinking, but there was no significant difference between them, nor between right and left eyes. In the opening phase, the direct corneal reflex was the slowest and significant differences appeared between right and left eyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julián Espinosa
- Department of Optics, Pharmacology and Anatomy, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
- University Institute of Physics Applied to Sciences and Technologies, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Jorge Pérez
- Department of Optics, Pharmacology and Anatomy, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
- University Institute of Physics Applied to Sciences and Technologies, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - David Mas
- Department of Optics, Pharmacology and Anatomy, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
- University Institute of Physics Applied to Sciences and Technologies, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
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McIntire LK, McKinley RA, Goodyear C, McIntire JP. Detection of vigilance performance using eye blinks. APPLIED ERGONOMICS 2014; 45:354-362. [PMID: 23722006 DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2013.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2012] [Revised: 03/27/2013] [Accepted: 04/23/2013] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Research has shown that sustained attention or vigilance declines over time on task. Sustained attention is necessary in many environments such as air traffic controllers, cyber operators, and imagery analysts. A lapse of attention in any one of these environments can have harmful consequences. The purpose of this study was to determine if eye blink metrics from an eye-tracker are related to changes in vigilance performance and cerebral blood flow velocities. Nineteen participants performed a vigilance task while wearing an eye-tracker on four separate days. Blink frequency and duration changed significantly over time during the task. Both blink frequency and duration increased as performance declined and right cerebral blood flow velocity declined. These results suggest that eye blink information may be an indicator of arousal levels. Using an eye-tracker to detect changes in eye blinks in an operational environment would allow preventative measures to be implemented, perhaps by providing perceptual warning signals or augmenting human cognition through non-invasive brain stimulation techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey K McIntire
- Infoscitex, Inc., 2510 Fifth Street Building 20840, WPAFB, OH 45433, USA.
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Ryan M, Kaminer J, Enmore P, Evinger C. Trigeminal high-frequency stimulation produces short- and long-term modification of reflex blink gain. J Neurophysiol 2013; 111:888-95. [PMID: 24285868 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00667.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Reflex blinks provide a model system for investigating motor learning in normal and pathological states. We investigated whether high-frequency stimulation (HFS) of the supraorbital branch of the trigeminal nerve before the R2 blink component (HFS-B) decreases reflex blink gain in alert rats. As with humans (Mao JB, Evinger C. J Neurosci 21: RC151, 2001), HFS-B significantly reduced blink size in the first hour after treatment for rats. Repeated days of HFS-B treatment produced long-term depression of blink circuits. Blink gain decreased exponentially across days, indicating a long-term depression of blink circuits. Additionally, the HFS-B protocol became more effective at depressing blink amplitude across days of treatment. This depression was not habituation, because neither long- nor short-term blink changes occurred when HFS was presented after the R2. To investigate whether gain modifications produced by HFS-B involved cerebellar networks, we trained rats in a delay eyelid conditioning paradigm using HFS-B as the unconditioned stimulus and a tone as the conditioned stimulus. As HFS-B depresses blink circuits and delay conditioning enhances blink circuit activity, occlusion should occur if they share neural networks. Rats acquiring robust eyelid conditioning did not exhibit decreases in blink gain, whereas rats developing low levels of eyelid conditioning exhibited weak, short-term reductions in blink gain. These results suggested that delay eyelid conditioning and long-term HFS-B utilize some of the same cerebellar circuits. The ability of repeated HFS-B treatment to depress trigeminal blink circuit activity long term implied that it may be a useful protocol to reduce hyperexcitable blink circuits that underlie diseases like benign essential blepharospasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Ryan
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
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Evinger C. Animal models for investigating benign essential blepharospasm. Curr Neuropharmacol 2013; 11:53-8. [PMID: 23814538 PMCID: PMC3580792 DOI: 10.2174/157015913804999441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2012] [Revised: 06/08/2012] [Accepted: 07/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The focal dystonia benign essential blepharospasm (BEB) affects as many as 40,000 individuals in the United States. This dystonia is characterized by trigeminal hyperexcitability, photophobia, and most disabling of the symptoms, involuntary spasms of lid closure that can produce functional blindness. Like many focal dystonias, BEB appears to develop from the interaction between a predisposing condition and an environmental trigger. The primary treatment for blepharospasm is to weaken the eyelid-closing orbicularis oculi muscle to reduce lid spasms. There are several animal models of blepharospasm that recreate the spasms of lid closure in order to investigate pharmacological treatments to prevent spasms of lid closure. One animal model attempts to mimic the predisposing condition and environmental trigger that give rise to BEB. This model indicates that abnormal interactions among trigeminal blink circuits, basal ganglia, and the cerebellum are the neural basis for BEB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig Evinger
- Depts. of Neurobiology & Behavior and Ophthalmology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5230
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Shiba M, Matsuo K, Ban R, Nagai F. Evaluation of muscle hyperactivity of the grimacing muscles by unilateral tight eyelid closure and stapedius muscle tone. J Plast Surg Hand Surg 2012; 46:318-25. [PMID: 22998145 DOI: 10.3109/2000656x.2012.696196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Muscle hyperactivity of grimacing muscles, including the orbicularis oculi and corrugator supercilii muscles that cause crow's feet and a glabellar frown line with ageing, cannot be accurately evaluated by surface observation. In 71 subjects, this study investigated the extent to which grimacing muscles are innervated by the bilateral motor cortices, whether the corticofacial projection to the grimacing muscles affects the facially innervated stapedius muscle tone by measuring static compliance of the tympanic membrane, and whether unilateral tight eyelid closure with contraction of the grimacing muscles changes static compliance. Unilateral tight eyelid closure and its subsequent change in the contralateral vertical medial eyebrow position revealed that motor neurons of the orbicularis oculi and corrugator supercilii muscles were innervated by the bilateral motor cortices with weak-to-strong contralateral dominance. The orbicularis oculi, corrugator supercilii, and stapedius muscles innervated by the bilateral motor cortices had increased muscle hyperactivity, which lowered the vertical medial eyebrow position and decreased the static compliance of the tympanic membrane more than those innervated by the unilateral motor cortex. Unilateral enhanced tight eyelid closure with contraction of the grimacing muscles in certain subjects ipsilaterally decreased the static compliance with increased contraction of the stapedius muscle, which probably occurs to immobilise the tympanic membrane and protect the inner ear from loud sound. Evaluation of unilateral tight eyelid closure and the subsequent change in the contralateral vertical medial eyebrow position as well as a measurement of the static compliance for the stapedius muscle tone has revealed muscle hyperactivity of grimacing muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Shiba
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan
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Sforza C, Rango M, Galante D, Bresolin N, Ferrario VF. Spontaneous blinking in healthy persons: an optoelectronic study of eyelid motion. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2008; 28:345-53. [PMID: 18565090 DOI: 10.1111/j.1475-1313.2008.00577.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To develop a method for the non-invasive detection and quantification of eyelid movements during spontaneous blinking. METHODS Spontaneous eyelid movements were monitored using an optoelectronic motion analyzer with passive markers in a younger group aged 20-30 years (13 men, 12 women) and in an older group over 50 years (10 men and nine women). Blink rate, eyelid displacement as a percentage of maximum excursion, and maximum eyelid velocity in closing and opening were calculated. RESULTS Spontaneous blink rate was significantly larger in women than in men (19 vs 11 blinks per minute); older women blinked more frequently than younger women. On average, young men closed the eyes completely (or almost completely) 44% of times, whereas the eyelid closure of young and older women was more frequently between 51 and 75% of the maximum excursion. Older men rarely closed completely and showed a similar frequency of blinks with up to 25%, 50% and 75% of maximum excursion. During eyelid closure and opening, the maximum velocity reduced with age: older subjects moved their eyelids approximately 80-70% slower than younger subjects. In all subjects, closing was performed 40-47% faster than opening; women moved faster than men. Eyelid displacement was greater in young than in older subjects. CONCLUSIONS The method used in this study allowed the non-invasive detection of eyelid movements during spontaneous blinking, providing a set of descriptive and kinematic data. The method could also be used to assess blink characteristics in patients with movement disorders, without invasive or time-consuming procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiarella Sforza
- Functional Anatomy Research Center (FARC), Università degli Studi, Milano, Italy.
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Laterality of auditory startle responses in humans. Clin Neurophysiol 2008; 119:309-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2007.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2007] [Revised: 10/30/2007] [Accepted: 11/11/2007] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Blood AJ. New hypotheses about postural control support the notion that all dystonias are manifestations of excessive brain postural function. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 1:14-25. [PMID: 19180244 DOI: 10.1016/j.bihy.2008.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
This paper postulates that all forms of the neurological movement disorder, dystonia, can be argued to reflect excessive function of one or more components of the brain postural system. This is based on four central arguments. First, because some forms of postural control are already known to be dynamic, rather than static, it is suggested that hyperkinetic dystonias reflect excessive function of dynamic postures, rather than abnormal movements. Second, the range of functional roles served by the postural system is hypothesized to include direct control of movement, suggesting a postural basis for task-specific dystonias. Third, by defining posture as a neural system that maintains body stabilization, it can be shown that the range of mechanical means of implementing stabilization, including co-contraction of antagonistic muscles, matches the range of presentations of dystonia. Fourth, it is shown that the above premises are able to account for previously unexplained observations in dystonia. Based on the inhibitory influence that stabilizing mechanisms exert on movement, it is suggested that the broad functional role that is here referred to as posture may be the function served by the indirect pathway of the basal ganglia. Specifically, it is proposed that this pathway centrally coordinates function of the distributed network of brain regions controlling posture and, in conjunction with the direct pathway, coordinates posture and movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne J Blood
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, CNY 149-2301, 13th St., Charlestown, MA 02129
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