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Suanno G, Genna VG, Maurizi E, Dieh AA, Griffith M, Ferrari G. Cell therapy in the cornea: The emerging role of microenvironment. Prog Retin Eye Res 2024; 102:101275. [PMID: 38797320 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2024.101275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
The cornea is an ideal testing field for cell therapies. Its highly ordered structure, where specific cell populations are sequestered in different layers, together with its accessibility, has allowed the development of the first stem cell-based therapy approved by the European Medicine Agency. Today, different techniques have been proposed for autologous and allogeneic limbal and non-limbal cell transplantation. Cell replacement has also been attempted in cases of endothelial cell decompensation as it occurs in Fuchs dystrophy: injection of cultivated allogeneic endothelial cells is now in advanced phases of clinical development. Recently, stromal substitutes have been developed with excellent integration capability and transparency. Finally, cell-derived products, such as exosomes obtained from different sources, have been investigated for the treatment of severe corneal diseases with encouraging results. Optimization of the success rate of cell therapies obviously requires high-quality cultured cells/products, but the role of the surrounding microenvironment is equally important to allow engraftment of transplanted cells, to preserve their functions and, ultimately, lead to restoration of tissue integrity and transparency of the cornea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Suanno
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy; Eye Repair Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Eleonora Maurizi
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine ''S. Ferrari'', University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Anas Abu Dieh
- Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - May Griffith
- Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Giulio Ferrari
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy; Eye Repair Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; Ophthalmology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
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Sariyeva Ismayilov A, Akaci O. Corneal endothelial cell morphology in children with autosomal recessive Alport syndrome: a longitudinal study. Ophthalmic Genet 2024:1-6. [PMID: 38622802 DOI: 10.1080/13816810.2024.2337882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the corneal endothelial cell morphology in children with autosomal recessive Alport syndrome (ARAS). METHODS This is a longitudinal, prospective cohort study that evaluated pediatric patients with genetically diagnosed ARAS. Fifty-eight eyes of 29 pediatric patients (12 patients, 17 controls) underwent a full ophthalmic examination. Corneal endothelial cell density (ECD) (cells/mm²), coefficient variation (CV) of cell area (polymegathism), the percentage of hexagonal cells (HEX) (pleomorphism), and central corneal thickness (CCT) were analyzed automatically using a noncontact specular microscopy. RESULTS The mean ECD was 2904 ± 355.48 cell/mm² in the ARAS group and 3263.20 ± 261.71 cell/mm² in the control group (p = 0.004). In the ARAS group, the mean CV was 46.53 ± 10.43, which was significantly higher than that in controls (p = 0.026). The mean HEX was 48.86 ± 14.71 in the ARAS group and 59.06 ± 10.64 in the control group (p = 0.038). The mean CCT was 565.26 ± 39.77 µm in the ARAS group and 579.66 ± 31.65 µm in the control group (p = 0.282). The comparison of endothelial cell characteristic of the ARAS group with 1-year follow-up is as follows: The mean ECD decreased from 2904 ± 355.48 cell/mm² to 2735 ± 241.58 cell/mm² (p = 0.003). The mean CV increased from 46.53 ± 10.43 to 47.93 ± 10.50 (p = 0.471). The mean HEX decreased from 48.86 ± 14.71 to 48.50 ± 10.06 (p = 0.916). The mean CCT decreased from 565.26 ± 39.77 µm to 542.86 ± 40.39 µm (p = 0.000). CONCLUSION Measurement of ECD and percentage of hexagonality can also be used as an indicator of the health of the corneal endothelium. In this study, the mean ECD and HEX were significantly lower in ARAS group than in age-matched pediatric controls. Polymegathism, which reflects cellular stress, was statistically significantly higher in ARAS group. The mean ECD and CCT decreased significantly at 1-year follow-up. This study may demostrated that endothelial damages and stress in ARAS patients appear in childhood and show a rapid increase with age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayna Sariyeva Ismayilov
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bursa Yuksek Ihtisas Training and Research Hospital, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Okan Akaci
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Bursa Yuksek Ihtisas Training and Research Hospital, Bursa, Turkey
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Tchatchouang A, Brunette I, Rochette PJ, Proulx S. Expression and Impact of Fibronectin, Tenascin-C, Osteopontin, and Type XIV Collagen in Fuchs Endothelial Corneal Dystrophy. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2024; 65:38. [PMID: 38656280 PMCID: PMC11044831 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.65.4.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD) is characterized by Descemet's membrane (DM) abnormalities, namely an increased thickness and a progressive appearance of guttae and fibrillar membranes. The goal of this study was to identify abnormal extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins expressed in FECD DMs and to evaluate their impact on cell adhesion and migration. Methods Gene expression profiles from in vitro (GSE112039) and ex vivo (GSE74123) healthy and FECD corneal endothelial cells were analyzed to identify deregulated matrisome genes. Healthy and end-stage FECD DMs were fixed and analyzed for guttae size and height. Immunostaining of fibronectin, tenascin-C, osteopontin, and type XIV collagen was performed on ex vivo specimens, as well as on tissue-engineered corneal endothelium reconstructed using healthy and FECD cells. An analysis of ECM protein expression according to guttae and fibrillar membrane was performed using immunofluorescent staining and phase contrast microscopy. Finally, cell adhesion was evaluated on fibronectin, tenascin-C, and osteopontin, and cell migration was studied on fibronectin and tenascin-C. Results SPP1 (osteopontin), FN1 (fibronectin), and TNC (tenascin-C) genes were upregulated in FECD ex vivo cells, and SSP1 was upregulated in both in vitro and ex vivo FECD conditions. Osteopontin, fibronectin, tenascin-C, and type XIV collagen were expressed in FECD specimens, with differences in their location. Corneal endothelial cell adhesion was not significantly affected by fibronectin or tenascin-C but was decreased by osteopontin. The combination of fibronectin and tenascin-C significantly increased cell migration. Conclusions This study highlights new abnormal ECM components in FECD, suggests a certain chronology in their deposition, and demonstrates their impact on cell behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ange Tchatchouang
- Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec–Université Laval, axe médecine régénératrice, Québec, Québec, Canada
- Département d'ophtalmologie et d'ORL–CCF, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
- Centre de recherche en organogénèse expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Isabelle Brunette
- Centre de recherche de l'hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Patrick J. Rochette
- Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec–Université Laval, axe médecine régénératrice, Québec, Québec, Canada
- Département d'ophtalmologie et d'ORL–CCF, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
- Centre de recherche en organogénèse expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Stéphanie Proulx
- Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec–Université Laval, axe médecine régénératrice, Québec, Québec, Canada
- Département d'ophtalmologie et d'ORL–CCF, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
- Centre de recherche en organogénèse expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX, Québec, Québec, Canada
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Liu S, Chen H, Xie H, Liu X, Zhang M. Substrate Stiffness Modulates Stemness and Differentiation of Rabbit Corneal Endothelium Through the Paxillin-YAP Pathway. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2024; 65:15. [PMID: 38466286 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.65.3.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose To explore the role of substrate stiffness and the mechanism beneath corneal endothelial cells' (CECs') stemness maintenance and differentiation. Methods CECs were divided into central zone (8 mm trephined boundary) and peripheral zone (8 mm trephined edge with attached limbal). Two zones were analyzed by hematoxylin-eosin staining and scanning electron microscopy for anatomic structure. The elastic modulus of Descemet's membrane (DM) was analyzed by atomic force microscopy. Compressed type I collagen gels with different stiffness were constructed as an in vitro model system to test the role of stiffness on phenotype using cultured rabbit CECs. Cell morphology, expression and intracellular distribution of Yes-associated protein (YAP), differentiation (ZO-1, Na+/K+-ATPase), stemness (FOXD3, CD34, Sox2, Oct3/4), and endothelial-mesenchymal transition (EnMT) markers were analyzed by immunofluorescence, quantitative RT-PCR, and Western blot. Results The results showed that the peripheral area of rabbit and human DM is softer than the central area ex vivo. Using the biomimetic extracellular matrix collagen gels in vitro model, we then demonstrated that soft substrate weakens the differentiation and EnMT in the culture of CECs. It was further proved by the inhibitor experiment that soft substrate enhances stemness maintenance via inhibition of paxillin-YAP signaling, which was activated on a stiff substrate. Conclusions Our findings confirm that substrate stiffness modulates the stemness maintenance and differentiation of CECs and suggest a potential strategy for CEC-based corneal tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuting Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hua Chen
- Senior Department of Ophthalmology, The Third Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Huatao Xie
- Department of Ophthalmology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Mingchang Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Thomasy SM, Leonard BC, Greiner MA, Skeie JM, Raghunathan VK. Squishy matters - Corneal mechanobiology in health and disease. Prog Retin Eye Res 2024; 99:101234. [PMID: 38176611 PMCID: PMC11193890 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2023.101234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
The cornea, as a dynamic and responsive tissue, constantly interacts with mechanical forces in order to maintain its structural integrity, barrier function, transparency and refractive power. Cells within the cornea sense and respond to various mechanical forces that fundamentally regulate their morphology and fate in development, homeostasis and pathophysiology. Corneal cells also dynamically regulate their extracellular matrix (ECM) with ensuing cell-ECM crosstalk as the matrix serves as a dynamic signaling reservoir providing biophysical and biochemical cues to corneal cells. Here we provide an overview of mechanotransduction signaling pathways then delve into the recent advances in corneal mechanobiology, focusing on the interplay between mechanical forces and responses of the corneal epithelial, stromal, and endothelial cells. We also identify species-specific differences in corneal biomechanics and mechanotransduction to facilitate identification of optimal animal models to study corneal wound healing, disease, and novel therapeutic interventions. Finally, we identify key knowledge gaps and therapeutic opportunities in corneal mechanobiology that are pressing for the research community to address especially pertinent within the domains of limbal stem cell deficiency, keratoconus and Fuchs' endothelial corneal dystrophy. By furthering our understanding corneal mechanobiology, we can contextualize discoveries regarding corneal diseases as well as innovative treatments for them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara M Thomasy
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California - Davis, Davis, CA, United States; Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, School of Medicine, University of California - Davis, Davis, CA, United States; California National Primate Research Center, Davis, CA, United States.
| | - Brian C Leonard
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California - Davis, Davis, CA, United States; Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, School of Medicine, University of California - Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Mark A Greiner
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States; Iowa Lions Eye Bank, Coralville, IA, United States
| | - Jessica M Skeie
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States; Iowa Lions Eye Bank, Coralville, IA, United States
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Garis M, Meyer MD, Lwigale P. Expression of Nephronectin in the Descemet's membrane of mouse corneas during development and adult homeostasis. Exp Eye Res 2024; 240:109797. [PMID: 38246333 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2024.109797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Nephronectin (Npnt) is an extracellular matrix (ECM) protein with pleiotropic functions during organogenesis, disease, and homeostasis. Although the ECM plays a crucial role during development and homeostasis of the adult cornea, little is known about the expression of Npnt in the mammalian cornea. Here, we investigated the expression of Npnt during early embryonic and postnatal development, and in adult mouse corneas. We combined ultrastructural and immunohistochemical analyses to study the early formation of the Descemet's membrane and how the expression of Npnt relates to key basement membrane proteins. Our section in situ hybridization and immunohistochemical analyses revealed that Npnt mRNA is expressed by the nascent corneal endothelial cells at embryonic day (E) 14.5, whereas the protein is localized in the adjacent extracellular matrix. These expression patterns were maintained in the corneal endothelium and Descemet's membrane throughout development and in adult corneas. Ultrastructural analysis revealed discontinuous electron dense regions of protein aggregates at E18.5 that was separated from the endothelial layer by an electron lucent space. At birth (postnatal day, P0), the Descemet's membrane was a single layer, which continuously thickened throughout P4, P8, P10, and P14. Npnt was localized to the Descemet's membrane by E18.5 and overlapped with Collagens IV and VIII, Laminin, and Perlecan. However, the proteins subsequently shifted and formed distinct layers in the adult cornea, whereby Npnt localized between two Collagen VIII bands and anterior to Collagen IV but overlapped with Laminin and Perlecan. Combined, our results reveal the expression of Npnt in the mouse cornea and define its spatiotemporal localization relative to key basement membrane proteins during the formation of the Descemet's membrane and in the adult cornea. Understanding the spatiotemporal expression of Npnt is important for future studies to elucidate its function in the mammalian cornea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Garis
- Department of Biosciences, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77019, USA
| | - Matthew D Meyer
- Shared Equipment Authority, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77019, USA
| | - Peter Lwigale
- Department of Biosciences, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77019, USA.
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Gupta N, Kumar A, Vaddavalli PK, Mahapatra NR, Varshney A, Ghosh P. Efficient reduction of the scrolling of Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty grafts by engineering the medium. Acta Biomater 2023; 171:239-248. [PMID: 37739249 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
The Descemet Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty (DMEK) procedure for corneal transplantation is challenging due to the need to unscroll the donor graft within the recipient's eye. This process of unscrolling is complex, time-consuming, leads to a loss of endothelial cells and, most importantly, can negatively impact the graft's adhesion and integration with the host tissue after surgery. This problem is particularly evident when the graft is young. However, the physics behind this scrolling is not well understood, and therefore no sustainable solution is attained. Here, we propose that the concentration gradient of the medium used during transplant leads to a displacement gradient across the graft thickness, resulting in an out-of-plane folding or scrolling of the graft tissue. Using chitosan bilayer-based experimental models, it is experimentally demonstrated that this diffusion-coupled-deformation phenomenon can successfully explain why younger donor grafts tend to scroll tighter than older ones. Most importantly, we illustrate here through experiments that the medium can be engineered to reduce the scroll tightness and thus reduce the surgical inconveniences and improve post-transplant recovery. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: This paper addresses a major issue that surgeons face while doing Descemet Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty (DMEK) in unscrolling grafts during the graft insertion procedure. The currently used tapping method to unscroll the graft inside the patient's eye significantly reduces endothelial cell count, thus affecting its lifetime. Surprisingly, the physics behind graft scrolling is not well understood, so no sustainable solutions are proposed by the medical community. In this work, we present the underlying mechanism of DMEK graft scroll and illustrate experimentally the reason for scroll tightness through a chitosan bilayer based experiment model. Most importantly, we have successfully demonstrated that the preserving medium of the grafts can be engineered to reduce scroll tightness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Gupta
- Department of Cornea Dr Shroff's Charity Eye Hospital, Delhi, India
| | - Amit Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology & Department of Applied Mechanics, IIT Madras, India
| | | | | | - Akhil Varshney
- Eicher-Shroff Center for Stem Cell Research, Dr Shroff's Charity Eye Hospital, Daryaganj, Delhi, India.
| | - Pijush Ghosh
- Department of Applied Mechanics and Biomedical Engineering; Center for Soft and Biological Matter, IIT Madras, India.
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Sasseville S, Karami S, Tchatchouang A, Charpentier P, Anney P, Gobert D, Proulx S. Biomaterials used for tissue engineering of barrier-forming cell monolayers in the eye. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1269385. [PMID: 37840667 PMCID: PMC10569698 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1269385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell monolayers that form a barrier between two structures play an important role for the maintenance of tissue functionality. In the anterior portion of the eye, the corneal endothelium forms a barrier that controls fluid exchange between the aqueous humor of the anterior chamber and the corneal stroma. This monolayer is central in the pathogenesis of Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD). FECD is a common corneal disease, in which corneal endothelial cells deposit extracellular matrix that increases the thickness of its basal membrane (Descemet's membrane), and forms excrescences (guttae). With time, there is a decrease in endothelial cell density that generates vision loss. Transplantation of a monolayer of healthy corneal endothelial cells on a Descemet membrane substitute could become an interesting alternative for the treatment of this pathology. In the back of the eye, the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) forms the blood-retinal barrier, controlling fluid exchange between the choriocapillaris and the photoreceptors of the outer retina. In the retinal disease dry age-related macular degeneration (dry AMD), deposits (drusen) form between the RPE and its basal membrane (Bruch's membrane). These deposits hinder fluid exchange, resulting in progressive RPE cell death, which in turn generates photoreceptor cell death, and vision loss. Transplantation of a RPE monolayer on a Bruch's membrane/choroidal stromal substitute to replace the RPE before photoreceptor cell death could become a treatment alternative for this eye disease. This review will present the different biomaterials that are proposed for the engineering of a monolayer of corneal endothelium for the treatment of FECD, and a RPE monolayer for the treatment of dry AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Sasseville
- Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Hôpital du Saint-Sacrement, Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l’Université Laval/LOEX; Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Département d’ophtalmologie et d’oto-rhino-laryngologie-chirurgie cervico-faciale, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Samira Karami
- Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Hôpital du Saint-Sacrement, Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l’Université Laval/LOEX; Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Département d’ophtalmologie et d’oto-rhino-laryngologie-chirurgie cervico-faciale, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Ange Tchatchouang
- Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Hôpital du Saint-Sacrement, Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l’Université Laval/LOEX; Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Département d’ophtalmologie et d’oto-rhino-laryngologie-chirurgie cervico-faciale, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Pascale Charpentier
- Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Hôpital du Saint-Sacrement, Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l’Université Laval/LOEX; Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Département d’ophtalmologie et d’oto-rhino-laryngologie-chirurgie cervico-faciale, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Princia Anney
- Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Hôpital du Saint-Sacrement, Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l’Université Laval/LOEX; Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Département d’ophtalmologie et d’oto-rhino-laryngologie-chirurgie cervico-faciale, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Delphine Gobert
- Département d’ophtalmologie et d’oto-rhino-laryngologie-chirurgie cervico-faciale, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Centre universitaire d’ophtalmologie (CUO), Hôpital du Saint-Sacrement, CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Stéphanie Proulx
- Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Hôpital du Saint-Sacrement, Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l’Université Laval/LOEX; Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Département d’ophtalmologie et d’oto-rhino-laryngologie-chirurgie cervico-faciale, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
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Mizobuchi K, Hayashi T, Ohira R, Nakano T. Electroretinographic abnormalities in Alport syndrome with a novel COL4A5 truncated variant (p.Try20GlyfsTer19). Doc Ophthalmol 2023:10.1007/s10633-023-09935-w. [PMID: 37162688 DOI: 10.1007/s10633-023-09935-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Alport syndrome comprises a heterogeneous group of inherited kidney diseases that are associated with ocular complications. In this study, we aimed to detail the clinical characteristics of a patient with X-linked Alport syndrome. METHODS We performed next-generation sequencing (NGS) with hybridization capture to identify the disease-causing variant of Alport syndrome and a comprehensive ophthalmic examination, including full-field electroretinography (FF-ERG). RESULTS Genetic testing using NGS with hybridization capture revealed a novel hemizygous variant [c.51_52delGA (p.Trp20GlyfsTer19)] in exon 1 of COL4A5. The patient underwent cataract surgery in both eyes because of decreased visual acuity and photophobia. The best-corrected visual acuity improved from 0.9 and 0.7 in the right and left eyes, respectively, to 1.5 in both eyes. Anterior-segment optical coherence tomography (OCT) revealed anterior and posterior lenticonus. Fundus photographs showed central and peripheral fleck retinopathy. Wide-field fundus autofluorescence (AF) imaging showed mottled hyper- and hypo-AF in the peripheral retina, which was consistent with peripheral fleck retinopathy. Furthermore, OCT revealed thinning of the inner retinal layers, especially at the temporal macular, but the outer retinal layers were preserved. Ganglion cell analysis showed no progression for 5 years. FF-ERG was performed at 41 (phakia) and 46 (pseudophakia) years of age. The amplitudes of dark-adapted (DA) and light-adapted (LA) responses showed selective b-wave abnormalities. The b/a-wave ratios of DA 3.0 were 1.22 and 1.16 in the right and left eyes, respectively. The amplitudes of DA 3.0 oscillatory potentials (OP) were reduced. Five years later, the amplitudes of DA and LA responses revealed no remarkable changes, except for an OP wave of DA 3.0, which was substantially reduced. CONCLUSIONS Our findings revealed electroretinographic abnormalities in a patient with Alport syndrome, which predominantly indicated impairment of the inner retina. Notably, little short-term progression was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Mizobuchi
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan.
| | - Takaaki Hayashi
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Katsushika Medical Center, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryo Ohira
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
| | - Tadashi Nakano
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
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10
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Zhou N, Liu YD, Zhang Y, Gu TW, Peng LH. Pharmacological Functions, Synthesis, and Delivery Progress for Collagen as Biodrug and Biomaterial. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15051443. [PMID: 37242685 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15051443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Collagen has been widely applied as a functional biomaterial in regulating tissue regeneration and drug delivery by participating in cell proliferation, differentiation, migration, intercellular signal transmission, tissue formation, and blood coagulation. However, traditional extraction of collagen from animals potentially induces immunogenicity and requires complicated material treatment and purification steps. Although semi-synthesis strategies such as utilizing recombinant E. coli or yeast expression systems have been explored as alternative methods, the influence of unwanted by-products, foreign substances, and immature synthetic processes have limited its industrial production and clinical applications. Meanwhile, macromolecule collagen products encounter a bottleneck in delivery and absorption by conventional oral and injection vehicles, which promotes the studies of transdermal and topical delivery strategies and implant methods. This review illustrates the physiological and therapeutic effects, synthesis strategies, and delivery technologies of collagen to provide a reference and outlook for the research and development of collagen as a biodrug and biomaterial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhou
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yu-Da Liu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ting-Wei Gu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Li-Hua Peng
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China
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11
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Donovan C, Cogswell D, Sun M, Adams S, Avila MY, Margo CE, Koch M, Espana EM. Collagen XII regulates stromal wound closure. Exp Eye Res 2023; 230:109456. [PMID: 36967080 PMCID: PMC10133200 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2023.109456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
The role of collagen XII in regulating injury repair and reestablishment of corneal function is unknown. This manuscript aims to investigate the role(s) of collagen XII in the repair of incisional and debridement injuries in an adult mouse model. Two different types of injury in wild type and Col12a1-/- corneas were created to investigate the effects of collagen XII -in wound repair and scar formation-by using clinical photographs, immunohistology, second harmonic generation imaging and electron microscopy. Results showed that collagen XII is a regulator of wound closure after incisional injuries. Absence of collagen XII retarded wound closure and the wound healing process. These findings show that collagen XII regulates fibrillogenesis, CD68 cell lineage infiltration, and myofibroblast survival following injury. In vitro studies suggest that collagen XII regulates deposition of an early and provisional matrix by interacting with two proteins regulating early matrix deposition: fibronectin and LTBP1(latent transforming growth factor β binding protein 1). In conclusion, collagen XII regulates tissue repair in corneal incisional wounds. Understanding the function of collagen XII during wound healing has significant translational value.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Devon Cogswell
- From the Cornea, External Disease Service, Department of Ophthalmology, USA
| | - Mei Sun
- From the Cornea, External Disease Service, Department of Ophthalmology, USA
| | - Sheila Adams
- From the Cornea, External Disease Service, Department of Ophthalmology, USA
| | - Marcel Y Avila
- Departament of Ophthalmology, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Curtis E Margo
- From the Cornea, External Disease Service, Department of Ophthalmology, USA; Pathology and Cell Biology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Manuel Koch
- Institute for Dental Research and Oral Musculoskeletal Biology, Center for Biochemistry, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Edgar M Espana
- From the Cornea, External Disease Service, Department of Ophthalmology, USA; Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, USA.
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12
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Sahoo A, Damala M, Jaffet J, Prasad D, Basu S, Singh V. Expansion and characterization of human limbus-derived stromal/mesenchymal stem cells in xeno-free medium for therapeutic applications. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:89. [PMID: 37061739 PMCID: PMC10105964 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03299-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been proven to prevent and clear corneal scarring and limbal stem cell deficiency. However, using animal-derived serum in a culture medium raises the ethical and regulatory bar. This study aims to expand and characterize human limbus-derived stromal/mesenchymal stem cells (hLMSCs) for the first time in vitro in the xeno-free medium. METHODS Limbal tissue was obtained from therapeutic grade corneoscleral rims and subjected to explant culture till tertiary passage in media with and without serum (STEM MACS XF; SM), to obtain pure hLMSCs. Population doubling time, cell proliferation, expression of phenotypic markers, tri-lineage differentiation, colony-forming potential and gene expression analysis were carried out to assess the retention of phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of hLMSCs. RESULTS The serum-free medium supported the growth of hLMSCs, retaining similar morphology but a significantly lower doubling time of 23 h (*p < 0.01) compared to the control medium. FACS analysis demonstrated ≥ 90% hLMSCs were positive for CD90+, CD73+, CD105+, and ≤ 6% were positive for CD45-, CD34- and HLA-DR-. Immunofluorescence analysis confirmed similar expression of Pax6+, COL IV+, ABCG2+, ABCB5+, VIM+, CD90+, CD105+, CD73+, HLA-DR- and CD45-, αSMA- in both the media. Tri-lineage differentiation potential and gene expression of hLMSCs were retained similarly to that of the control medium. CONCLUSION The findings of this study demonstrate successful isolation, characterization and culture optimization of hLMSCs for the first time in vitro in a serum-free environment. This will help in the future pre-clinical and clinical applications of MSCs in translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Sahoo
- Centre for Ocular Regeneration, Prof. Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Mukesh Damala
- Centre for Ocular Regeneration, Prof. Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Jilu Jaffet
- Centre for Ocular Regeneration, Prof. Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Deeksha Prasad
- Centre for Ocular Regeneration, Prof. Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Sayan Basu
- Centre for Ocular Regeneration, Prof. Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
| | - Vivek Singh
- Centre for Ocular Regeneration, Prof. Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
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13
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Lan G, Twa MD, Song C, Feng J, Huang Y, Xu J, Qin J, An L, Wei X. In vivo corneal elastography: A topical review of challenges and opportunities. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2023; 21:2664-2687. [PMID: 37181662 PMCID: PMC10173410 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2023.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical measurement of corneal biomechanics can aid in the early diagnosis, progression tracking, and treatment evaluation of ocular diseases. Over the past two decades, interdisciplinary collaborations between investigators in optical engineering, analytical biomechanical modeling, and clinical research has expanded our knowledge of corneal biomechanics. These advances have led to innovations in testing methods (ex vivo, and recently, in vivo) across multiple spatial and strain scales. However, in vivo measurement of corneal biomechanics remains a long-standing challenge and is currently an active area of research. Here, we review the existing and emerging approaches for in vivo corneal biomechanics evaluation, which include corneal applanation methods, such as ocular response analyzer (ORA) and corneal visualization Scheimpflug technology (Corvis ST), Brillouin microscopy, and elastography methods, and the emerging field of optical coherence elastography (OCE). We describe the fundamental concepts, analytical methods, and current clinical status for each of these methods. Finally, we discuss open questions for the current state of in vivo biomechanics assessment techniques and requirements for wider use that will further broaden our understanding of corneal biomechanics for the detection and management of ocular diseases, and improve the safety and efficacy of future clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gongpu Lan
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Intelligent Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Technology Joint Laboratory, School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, China
- Weiren Meditech Co., Ltd., Foshan, Guangdong 528000, China
| | - Michael D Twa
- College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, United States
| | - Chengjin Song
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Intelligent Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Technology Joint Laboratory, School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, China
| | - JinPing Feng
- Institute of Engineering and Technology, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei 437100, China
| | - Yanping Huang
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Intelligent Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Technology Joint Laboratory, School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, China
- Weiren Meditech Co., Ltd., Foshan, Guangdong 528000, China
| | - Jingjiang Xu
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Intelligent Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Technology Joint Laboratory, School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, China
- Weiren Meditech Co., Ltd., Foshan, Guangdong 528000, China
| | - Jia Qin
- Weiren Meditech Co., Ltd., Foshan, Guangdong 528000, China
| | - Lin An
- Weiren Meditech Co., Ltd., Foshan, Guangdong 528000, China
| | - Xunbin Wei
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Peking University, Beijing 100081, China
- International Cancer Institute, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- Institute of Medical Technology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
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14
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Kafarnik C, Faraj LA, Ting DSJ, Goh JN, Said DG, Dua HS. Ex vivo demonstration of canine corneal pre-Descemet's anatomy using pneumodissection as for the big bubble technique for deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5922. [PMID: 37041151 PMCID: PMC10090133 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24438-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 04/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The recent discovery and characterization of pre-Descemet's layer (PDL; also termed the Dua's layer or the Dua-Fine layer) has advanced the understanding of various posterior corneal pathologies and surgeries in human. This study aimed to characterize the ultrastructure of the posterior stroma and interfacial zone of Descemet's membrane (DM) in canine eyes. Eighteen canine corneo-scleral discs were included. Intrastromal air injection resulted in the formation of type 1 big bubble (BB) in 73% (n = 11/15) of corneas, with a mean diameter of 11.0 ± 1.3 mm. No type 2 BB was created. Anterior segment optical coherence tomography, histology and transmission electron microscopy confirmed that the wall of BB was composed of DM, in contact with remaining stroma (canine PDL; cPDL). The cPDL was populated with keratocytes, of varying thickness of 16.2 ± 4.2 µm in close apposition to the DM, and composed of collagen bundles arranged in transverse, longitudinal and oblique directions. The interfacial zone, between DM and cPDL, showed fibril extension in all three directions, predominantly longitudinal. Irregular extensions of DM material into cPDL stroma were observed. No long-spaced collagen was detected. In conclusion, there exists a well-defined cleavage plane between the posterior stroma and cPDL, with similar but not identical characteristics as in humans, that is revealed by pneumodissection. This adds to our understanding of the anatomy of the posterior most canine cornea, which will have significant clinical impact on posterior corneal surgery and understanding of corneal pathology in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lana A Faraj
- Academic Ophthalmology, Eye ENT Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, B Floor, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Darren S J Ting
- Academic Ophthalmology, Eye ENT Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, B Floor, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
- Department of Ophthalmology, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | - Jia Ni Goh
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Dalia G Said
- Academic Ophthalmology, Eye ENT Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, B Floor, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
- Department of Ophthalmology, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | - Harminder S Dua
- Academic Ophthalmology, Eye ENT Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, B Floor, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK.
- Department of Ophthalmology, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK.
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15
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Hazra S, Dey S, Mandal BB, Ramachandran C. In Vitro Profiling of the Extracellular Matrix and Integrins Expressed by Human Corneal Endothelial Cells Cultured on Silk Fibroin-Based Matrices. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023; 9:2438-2451. [PMID: 37023465 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c01566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Developing a scaffold for culturing human corneal endothelial (HCE) cells is crucial as an alternative cell therapeutic approach to bridge the growing gap between the demand and availability of healthy donor corneas for transplantation. Silk films are promising substrates for the culture of these cells; however, their tensile strength is several-fold greater than the native basement membrane which can possibly influence the dynamics of cell-matrix interaction and the extracellular matrix (ECM) secreted by the cells in long-term culture. In our current study, we assessed the secretion of ECM and the expression of integrins by the HCE cells on Philosamia ricini (PR) and Antheraea assamensis (AA) silk films and fibronectin-collagen (FNC)-coated plastic dishes to understand the cell-ECM interaction in long-term culture. The expression of ECM proteins (collagens 1, 4, 8, and 12, laminin, and fibronectin) on silk was comparable to that on the native tissue. The thicknesses of collagen 8 and laminin at 30 days on both PR (4.78 ± 0.55 and 5.53 ± 0.51 μm, respectively) and AA (4.66 ± 0.72 and 5.71 ± 0.61 μm, respectively) were comparable with those of the native tissue (4.4 ± 0.63 and 5.28 ± 0.72 μm, respectively). The integrin expression by the cells on the silk films was also comparable to that on the native tissue, except for α3 whose fluorescence intensity was significantly higher on PR (p ≤ 0.01) and AA (p ≤ 0.001), compared to that on the native tissue. This study shows that the higher tensile strength of the silk films does not alter the ECM secretion or cell phenotype in long-term culture, confirming the suitability of using this material for engineering the HCE cells for transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swatilekha Hazra
- Hyderabad Eye Research Foundation, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad 500034, India
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India
| | - Souradeep Dey
- Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
| | - Biman B Mandal
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
- Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
- Jyoti and Bhupat Mehta School of Health Sciences & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
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16
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Petrela RB, Patel SP. The soil and the seed: The relationship between Descemet's membrane and the corneal endothelium. Exp Eye Res 2023; 227:109376. [PMID: 36592681 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2022.109376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Descemet's membrane (DM), the basement membrane of the corneal endothelium, is formed from the extracellular matrix (ECM) secreted by corneal endothelial cells. The ECM supports the growth and function of the corneal endothelial cells. Changes to DM are central to the diagnosis of the most common corneal endothelial disease, Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD). Changes in DM are also noted in systemic diseases such as diabetes mellitus. In FECD, the DM progressively accumulates guttae, "drop-like deposits" that disrupt the corneal endothelial cell monolayer. While the pathophysiologic changes to corneal endothelial cells in the course of FECD have been well described and reviewed, the changes to DM have received limited attention. The reciprocity of influence between the corneal endothelial cells and DM demands full attention to the latter in our search for novel treatment and preventive strategies. In this review, we discuss what is known about the formation and composition of DM and how it changes in FECD and other conditions. We review characteristics of guttae and the interplay between corneal endothelial cells and guttae, particularly as it might apply to future cell-based and genetic therapies for FECD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Redion B Petrela
- Ross Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, 1176 Main Street, Buffalo, NY, 14209, USA; Norton College of Medicine, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, 750 East Adams Street, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA.
| | - Sangita P Patel
- Ross Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, 1176 Main Street, Buffalo, NY, 14209, USA; Research and Ophthalmology Services, Veterans Administration of Western New York Healthcare System, 3495 Bailey Ave, Buffalo, NY, 14215, USA.
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17
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Shin H, Min JK, Kim NR, Seo KY, Chin HS, Lee S, Jung JW. Effects of Y-27632, a Rho-associated Kinase Inhibitor, on Human Corneal Endothelial Cells Cultured by Isolating Human Corneal Endothelial Progenitor Cells. KOREAN JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY 2023; 37:31-41. [PMID: 36549303 PMCID: PMC9935058 DOI: 10.3341/kjo.2022.0133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
CONCLUSIONS Y-27632 enabled the isolation and expansion of HCEPs. It also enhanced the proliferation, viability, and migration of differentiated HCEPs. METHODS HCEPs were isolated and expanded in a medium with and without 10μM Y-27632, and then differentiated into HCECs in a medium with fetal bovine serum. The characteristics of HCEPs and differentiated HCEPs were confirmed by immunofluorescence staining. The proliferation, viability, morphology, and wound-healing ability of differentiated HCEPs were assessed in the presence of different concentrations of Y-27632. PURPOSE Human corneal endothelial progenitor cells (HCEPs), which has been selectively isolated and differentiated into human corneal endothelial cells (HCECs), are crucial for repairing corneal endothelial damage. In this study, we evaluated the roles of a Rho-assisted kinase (ROCK) inhibitor, Y-27632, on the isolation and expansion of HCEPs, and assessed the in vitro effects of different concentrations of Y-27632 on the differentiated HCEPs. RESULTS Y-27632 enabled the isolation and expansion of HCEPs from the corneal endothelium. The differentiated HCEPs showed an optimal increase in proliferation and survival in the presence of 10μM Y-27632. As the concentration of Y-27632 increased, differentiated HCEPs became elongated, and actin filaments were redistributed to the periphery of cells. Y-27632 also caused a concentration-dependent enhancement in the wound-healing ability of differentiated HCEPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haeeun Shin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Inha Vision Science Laboratory, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon,
Korea
| | - Joon Ki Min
- Department of Ophthalmology, Inha Vision Science Laboratory, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon,
Korea
| | - Na Rae Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Inha Vision Science Laboratory, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon,
Korea
| | - Kyoung Yul Seo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Hee Seung Chin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Inha Vision Science Laboratory, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon,
Korea
| | - Soyoung Lee
- Translational Research Center, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon,
Korea
| | - Ji Won Jung
- Department of Ophthalmology, Inha Vision Science Laboratory, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon,
Korea
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Chavda ND, Sari B, Asiri FM, Hamill KJ. Laminin N-terminus (LaNt) proteins, laminins and basement membrane regulation. Biochem Soc Trans 2022; 50:1541-1553. [PMID: 36355367 PMCID: PMC9788559 DOI: 10.1042/bst20210240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Basement membranes (BMs) are structured regions of the extracellular matrix that provide multiple functions including physical support and acting as a barrier, as a repository for nutrients and growth factors, and as biophysical signalling hubs. At the core of all BMs is the laminin (LM) family of proteins. These large heterotrimeric glycoproteins are essential for tissue integrity, and differences between LM family members represent a key nexus in dictating context and tissue-specific functions. These variations reflect genetic diversity within the family, which allows for multiple structurally and functionally distinct heterotrimers to be produced, each with different architectures and affinities for other matrix proteins and cell surface receptors. The ratios of these LM isoforms also influence the biophysical properties of a BM owing to differences in their relative ability to form polymers or networks. Intriguingly, the LM superfamily is further diversified through the related netrin family of proteins and through alternative splicing leading to the generation of non-LM short proteins known as the laminin N-terminus (LaNt) domain proteins. Both the netrins and LaNt proteins contain structural domains involved in LM-to-LM interaction and network assembly. Emerging findings indicate that one netrin and at least one LaNt protein can potently influence the structure and function of BMs, disrupting the networks, changing physical properties, and thereby influencing tissue function. These findings are altering the way that we think about LM polymerisation and, in the case of the LaNt proteins, suggest a hitherto unappreciated form of LM self-regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha D. Chavda
- Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, 6 West Derby Street, Liverpool L78TX, U.K
| | - Bilge Sari
- Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, 6 West Derby Street, Liverpool L78TX, U.K
| | - Fawziah M. Asiri
- Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, 6 West Derby Street, Liverpool L78TX, U.K
| | - Kevin J. Hamill
- Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, 6 West Derby Street, Liverpool L78TX, U.K
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Batista A, Guimarães P, Domingues JP, Quadrado MJ, Morgado AM. Two-Photon Imaging for Non-Invasive Corneal Examination. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:9699. [PMID: 36560071 PMCID: PMC9783858 DOI: 10.3390/s22249699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Two-photon imaging (TPI) microscopy, namely, two-photon excited fluorescence (TPEF), fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM), and second-harmonic generation (SHG) modalities, has emerged in the past years as a powerful tool for the examination of biological tissues. These modalities rely on different contrast mechanisms and are often used simultaneously to provide complementary information on morphology, metabolism, and structural properties of the imaged tissue. The cornea, being a transparent tissue, rich in collagen and with several cellular layers, is well-suited to be imaged by TPI microscopy. In this review, we discuss the physical principles behind TPI as well as its instrumentation. We also provide an overview of the current advances in TPI instrumentation and image analysis. We describe how TPI can be leveraged to retrieve unique information on the cornea and to complement the information provided by current clinical devices. The present state of corneal TPI is outlined. Finally, we discuss the obstacles that must be overcome and offer perspectives and outlooks to make clinical TPI of the human cornea a reality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Batista
- Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research (CIBIT), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute for Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health (ICNAS), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Coimbra, 3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Pedro Guimarães
- Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research (CIBIT), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute for Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health (ICNAS), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - José Paulo Domingues
- Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research (CIBIT), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute for Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health (ICNAS), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Coimbra, 3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria João Quadrado
- Department of Ophthalmology, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - António Miguel Morgado
- Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research (CIBIT), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute for Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health (ICNAS), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Coimbra, 3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal
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20
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Özkan B, Koçluk Y, Kasım B. Effects of Systemic Diseases on Graft Preparation in Descemet Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty. Eye Contact Lens 2022; 48:527-533. [PMID: 36201646 DOI: 10.1097/icl.0000000000000939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effects of the systemic diseases and drugs of the donor on Descemet membrane (DM) graft preparation. METHODS Seventy-eight corneas of 58 donors, of whom the DM grafts were used in Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK) surgery, between January 2018 and January 2020, were enrolled in this retrospective study. The hospital records of the donors were analyzed. Age, sex, blood type, systemic diseases, and drugs; complete blood count; biochemistry panel for liver and kidney functions in the past 48 hours; and the drugs used in the hospital, if any, in the past 24 hours were recorded. The grafts with tears that occurred while preparation were included in group 1, and the successful grafts with no tears were included in group 2. RESULTS There were no statistically significant differences in the characteristics of the donors between groups. However, breast cancer and the use of sevelamer were found to be significantly higher in group 1 ( P =0.010, P =0.033, respectively). No statistically significant difference in the use of other drugs was found between groups. CONCLUSION Although diabetic donors have been reported to be inappropriate candidates for the preparation of DM grafts for DMEK, most of the donors with several systemic diseases including diabetes can be used in DMEK surgery, with the right technique in DM graft preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burak Özkan
- Department of Ophthalmology (B.Ö.), Erciş Şehit Rıdvan Çevik State Hospital, Van, Turkey; and Department of Ophthalmology (Y.K., B.K.), Adana City Training and Research Hospital, Adana, Turkey
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Dong F, Liu Y, Yan W, Meng Q, Song X, Cheng B, Yao R. Netrin-4: Focus on Its Role in Axon Guidance, Tissue Stability, Angiogenesis and Tumors. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2022:10.1007/s10571-022-01279-4. [DOI: 10.1007/s10571-022-01279-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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22
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Maiti G, Monteiro de Barros MR, Hu N, Dolgalev I, Roshan M, Foster JW, Tsirigos A, Wahlin KJ, Chakravarti S. Single cell RNA-seq of human cornea organoids identifies cell fates of a developing immature cornea. PNAS NEXUS 2022; 1:pgac246. [PMID: 36712326 PMCID: PMC9802453 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgac246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The cornea is a protective and refractive barrier in the eye crucial for vision. Understanding the human cornea in health, disease, and cell-based treatments can be greatly advanced with cornea organoids developed in culture from induced pluripotent stem cells. While a limited number of studies have investigated the single-cell transcriptomic composition of the human cornea, its organoids have not been examined similarly. Here, we elucidated the transcriptomic cell fate map of 4-month-old human cornea organoids and human donor corneas. The organoids harbor cell clusters that resemble cells of the corneal epithelium, stroma, and endothelium, with subpopulations that capture signatures of early developmental states. Unlike the adult cornea where the largest cell population is stromal, the organoids contain large proportions of epithelial and endothelial-like cells. These corneal organoids offer a 3D model to study corneal diseases and integrated responses of different cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Maiti
- Department of Ophthalmology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, Science Building, Fifth Floor 435 E 30th, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Maithê Rocha Monteiro de Barros
- Department of Ophthalmology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, Science Building, Fifth Floor 435 E 30th, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Nan Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, Science Building, Fifth Floor 435 E 30th, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Igor Dolgalev
- Applied Bioinformatics Laboratories, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, Science Building, Eighth Floor, 435 E 30th, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Mona Roshan
- University of California San Diego, ACTRI Building Rm Lower level 3E419, 9452 Medical Center Drive, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - James W Foster
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins school of Medicine, Smith M037, 400 Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Aristotelis Tsirigos
- Applied Bioinformatics Laboratories, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, Science Building, Eighth Floor, 435 E 30th, New York, NY 10016, USA,Department of Pathology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, Science Building, Fifth Floor 435 E 30th, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Karl J Wahlin
- University of California San Diego, ACTRI Building Rm Lower level 3E419, 9452 Medical Center Drive, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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23
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Odell K, Hikes MT, Can K, Veldman PB, Terry MA, Tran KD, Straiko MMW. Examination of a Modified Graft Preparation Technique to Induce Double-Scroll Formation and Promote the Use of Younger Descemet Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty Donor Tissue. Cornea 2022; 41:1276-1283. [PMID: 36107846 DOI: 10.1097/ico.0000000000003083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to determine whether controlled balanced salt solution (BSS) bursts during graft preparation can safely promote formation of a double-scrolled Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK) graft in younger donor tissue. METHODS DMEK grafts prepared from young donor tissue (average age, 55 years; range, 39-66 years) were floated in BSS to spontaneously form scrolls (N = 10 pairs). Controlled BSS bursts were used to promote double-scroll (DS) formation in 1 member of each pair. Grafts were stained, preloaded, and shipped before cell viability analysis. After appropriate training, a less experienced technician performed this technique on 10 additional corneas. Outcomes measured for both technicians include the success rate for obtaining a DS, scroll conformation after shipping, and endothelial cell loss (ECL). RESULTS There was no difference in ECL between grafts subjected to additional manipulation compared with unmanipulated mate grafts (observer 1: 15.2% ± 3.3% vs. 15.2% ± 4.4%, P = 0.99; observer 2: 16.3% ± 2.9% vs. 15.9% ± 4.5%, P = 0.8). A technician experienced with this technique had a 90% success rate, whereas a less experienced technician had a 70% success rate. The mean ECL of the 10 grafts manipulated by the less experienced technician was not significantly different from results obtained from the experienced technician (observer 1: 18.5% ± 6.0% vs. 15.2% ± 3.3%, P = 0.15; observer 2: 18.1% ± 5.6% vs. 16.3% ± 2.9%, P = 0.34). Scrolls maintained their conformation during shipping events. CONCLUSIONS Double-scroll graft formation using controlled BSS bursts is a reliable technique that can be performed without causing additional damage to DMEK grafts. This technique may make graft unscrolling easier and can promote the use of younger donor tissue for DMEK.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Peter B Veldman
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL; and
| | - Mark A Terry
- Cornea Service, Devers Eye Institute, Portland, OR
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24
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Santra M, Liu YC, Jhanji V, Yam GHF. Human SMILE-Derived Stromal Lenticule Scaffold for Regenerative Therapy: Review and Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147967. [PMID: 35887309 PMCID: PMC9315730 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A transparent cornea is paramount for vision. Corneal opacity is one of the leading causes of blindness. Although conventional corneal transplantation has been successful in recovering patients’ vision, the outcomes are challenged by a global lack of donor tissue availability. Bioengineered corneal tissues are gaining momentum as a new source for corneal wound healing and scar management. Extracellular matrix (ECM)-scaffold-based engineering offers a new perspective on corneal regenerative medicine. Ultrathin stromal laminar tissues obtained from lenticule-based refractive correction procedures, such as SMall Incision Lenticule Extraction (SMILE), are an accessible and novel source of collagen-rich ECM scaffolds with high mechanical strength, biocompatibility, and transparency. After customization (including decellularization), these lenticules can serve as an acellular scaffold niche to repopulate cells, including stromal keratocytes and stem cells, with functional phenotypes. The intrastromal transplantation of these cell/tissue composites can regenerate native-like corneal stromal tissue and restore corneal transparency. This review highlights the current status of ECM-scaffold-based engineering with cells, along with the development of drug and growth factor delivery systems, and elucidates the potential uses of stromal lenticule scaffolds in regenerative therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mithun Santra
- Corneal Regeneration Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; (M.S.); (V.J.)
| | - Yu-Chi Liu
- Tissue Engineering and Cell Therapy Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore 169856, Singapore;
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Vishal Jhanji
- Corneal Regeneration Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; (M.S.); (V.J.)
| | - Gary Hin-Fai Yam
- Corneal Regeneration Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; (M.S.); (V.J.)
- Tissue Engineering and Cell Therapy Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore 169856, Singapore;
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Correspondence:
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25
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Wilson SE, Shiju TM, Sampaio LP, Hilgert GL. Corneal fibroblast collagen type IV negative feedback modulation of TGF beta: A fibrosis modulating system likely active in other organs. Matrix Biol 2022; 109:162-172. [PMID: 35421526 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2022.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Collagen type IV (COL IV) is a major component of basement membranes (BM) in all organs. It serves functions related to BM organization and modulates the passage of growth factors from one tissue compartment to another. COL IV binds transforming growth factor (TGF) beta-1 and TGF beta-2 and, therefore, is a major modulator of TGF beta pro-fibrotic functions. After fibrotic corneal injury, TGF beta enters into the stroma from the tears, epithelium, endothelium and/or aqueous humor and markedly upregulates COL IV production in corneal fibroblasts in the adjacent stroma far removed from BMs. It is hypothesized this non-BM stromal COL IV binds TGF beta-1 (and likely TGF beta-2) in competition with the binding of the growth factors to TGF beta cognate receptors and serves as a negative feedback regulatory pathway to mitigate the effects of TGF beta on stromal cells, including reducing the developmental transition of corneal fibroblasts and fibrocytes into myofibroblasts. Losartan, a known TGF beta signaling inhibitor, when applied topically to the cornea after fibrotic injury, alters this COL IV-TGF beta pathway by down-regulating COL IV production by corneal fibroblasts. Non-BM COL IV produced in response to injuries in other organs, including the lung, skin, liver, kidney, and gut, may participate in similar COL IV-TGF beta pathways and have an important role in controlling TGF beta pro-fibrotic effects in these organs.
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26
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Delaey J, De Vos L, Koppen C, Dubruel P, Van Vlierberghe S, Van den Bogerd B. Tissue engineered scaffolds for corneal endothelial regeneration: a material's perspective. Biomater Sci 2022; 10:2440-2461. [PMID: 35343525 DOI: 10.1039/d1bm02023d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Currently, the treatment of corneal diseases caused by damage to the corneal endothelium requires a donor cornea. Because of their limited availability (1 donor cornea for 70 patients in need), researchers are investigating alternative approaches that are independent of donor tissue. One of them includes the development of a tissue engineered scaffold onto which corneal endothelial cells are seeded. In order to function as a suitable substrate, some of its essential properties including thickness, permeability, transparency and mechanical strength should meet certain demands. Additionally, the membrane should be biocompatible and allow the formation of a functional endothelium on the surface. Many materials have already been investigated in this regard including natural, semi-synthetic and synthetic polymers. In the current review, we present an overview of their characteristics and provide a critical view on the methods exploited for material characterization. Next, also the suitability of scaffolds to serve their purpose is discussed along with an overview of natural tissues (e.g. amniotic membrane and lens capsule) previously investigated for this application. Eventually, we propose a consistent approach to be exploited ideally for membrane characterization in future research. This will allow a scientifically sound comparison of materials and membranes investigated by different research groups, hence benefitting research towards the creation of a suitable/optimal tissue engineered endothelial graft.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasper Delaey
- Polymer Chemistry & Biomaterials Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lobke De Vos
- Polymer Chemistry & Biomaterials Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Carina Koppen
- Antwerp Research Group for Ocular Science (ARGOS), Translational Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium. .,Department of Ophthalmology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Peter Dubruel
- Polymer Chemistry & Biomaterials Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sandra Van Vlierberghe
- Polymer Chemistry & Biomaterials Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bert Van den Bogerd
- Antwerp Research Group for Ocular Science (ARGOS), Translational Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium.
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27
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Topical losartan inhibits corneal scarring fibrosis and collagen type IV deposition after Descemet's membrane-endothelial excision in rabbits. Exp Eye Res 2022; 216:108940. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2022.108940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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28
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Okada Y, Sumioka T, Reinach PS, Miyajima M, Saika S. Roles of Epithelial and Mesenchymal TRP Channels in Mediating Inflammatory Fibrosis. Front Immunol 2022; 12:731674. [PMID: 35058918 PMCID: PMC8763672 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.731674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The maintenance of normal vision is dependent on preserving corneal transparency. For this to occur, this tissue must remain avascular and its stromal architecture needs to be retained. Epithelial transparency is maintained provided the uppermost stratified layers of this tissue are composed of terminally differentiated non-keratinizing cells. In addition, it is essential that the underlying stromal connective tissue remains avascular and scar-free. Keratocytes are the source of fibroblasts that are interspersed within the collagenous framework and the extracellular matrix. In addition, there are sensory nerve fibers whose lineage is possibly either neural crest or mesenchymal. Corneal wound healing studies have been undertaken to delineate the underlying pathogenic responses that result in the development of opacification following chemical injury. An alkali burn is one type of injury that can result in severe and long- lasting losses in ocular transparency. During the subsequent wound healing process, numerous different proinflammatory cytokines and proteolytic enzymes undergo upregulation. Such increases in their expression levels induce maladaptive expression of sustained stromal inflammatory fibrosis, neovascularization, and losses in the smooth optical properties of the corneal outer surface. It is becoming apparent that different transient receptor potential channel (TRP) isoforms are important players in mediating these different events underlying the wound healing process since injury upregulates both their expression levels and functional involvement. In this review, we focus on the involvement of TRPV1, TRPA1 and TRPV4 in mediating some of the responses that underlie the control of anterior ocular tissue homeostasis under normal and pathological conditions. They are expressed on both different cell types throughout this tissue and also on corneal sensory nerve endings. Their roles have been extensively studied as sensors and transducers of environmental stimuli resulting from exposure to intrinsic modulators and extrinsic ligands. These triggers include alteration of the ambient temperature and mechanical stress, etc., that can induce pathophysiological responses underlying losses in tissue transparency activated by wound healing in mice losses in tissue transparency. In this article, experimental findings are reviewed about the role of injury-induced TRP channel activation in mediating inflammatory fibrotic responses during wound healing in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Okada
- Ophthalmology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | | | - Peter S Reinach
- Wenzhou Medical University School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou, China
| | | | - Shizuya Saika
- Ophthalmology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
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29
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Elhusseiny AM, Soleimani M, Eleiwa TK, ElSheikh RH, Frank CR, Naderan M, Yazdanpanah G, Rosenblatt MI, Djalilian AR. OUP accepted manuscript. Stem Cells Transl Med 2022; 11:259-268. [PMID: 35303110 PMCID: PMC8968724 DOI: 10.1093/stcltm/szab028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The corneal epithelium serves to protect the underlying cornea from the external environment and is essential for corneal transparency and optimal visual function. Regeneration of this epithelium is dependent on a population of stem cells residing in the basal layer of the limbus, the junction between the cornea and the sclera. The limbus provides the limbal epithelial stem cells (LESCs) with an optimal microenvironment, the limbal niche, which strictly regulates their proliferation and differentiation. Disturbances to the LESCs and/or their niche can lead to the pathologic condition known as limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD) whereby the corneal epithelium is not generated effectively. This has deleterious effects on the corneal and visual function, due to impaired healing and secondary corneal opacification. In this concise review, we summarize the characteristics of LESCs and their niche, and present the current and future perspectives in the management of LSCD with an emphasis on restoring the function of the limbal niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelrahman M Elhusseiny
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvey and Bernice Jones Eye Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Mohammad Soleimani
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Taher K Eleiwa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
| | - Reem H ElSheikh
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Charles R Frank
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Morteza Naderan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ghasem Yazdanpanah
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mark I Rosenblatt
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ali R Djalilian
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Corresponding author: Ali R. Djalilian, Cornea Service, Stem Cell Therapy and Corneal Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, 1855 W. Taylor Street, M/C 648, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
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30
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Bonnet C, González S, Roberts JS, Robertson SYT, Ruiz M, Zheng J, Deng SX. Human limbal epithelial stem cell regulation, bioengineering and function. Prog Retin Eye Res 2021; 85:100956. [PMID: 33676006 PMCID: PMC8428188 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2021.100956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The corneal epithelium is continuously renewed by limbal stem/progenitor cells (LSCs), a cell population harbored in a highly regulated niche located at the limbus. Dysfunction and/or loss of LSCs and their niche cause limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD), a disease that is marked by invasion of conjunctival epithelium into the cornea and results in failure of epithelial wound healing. Corneal opacity, pain, loss of vision, and blindness are the consequences of LSCD. Successful treatment of LSCD depends on accurate diagnosis and staging of the disease and requires restoration of functional LSCs and their niche. This review highlights the major advances in the identification of potential LSC biomarkers and components of the LSC niche, understanding of LSC regulation, methods and regulatory standards in bioengineering of LSCs, and diagnosis and staging of LSCD. Overall, this review presents key points for researchers and clinicians alike to consider in deepening the understanding of LSC biology and improving LSCD therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clémence Bonnet
- Cornea Division, Stein Eye Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA; Cornea Department, Paris University, Cochin Hospital, AP-HP, F-75014, Paris, France
| | - Sheyla González
- Cornea Division, Stein Eye Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - JoAnn S Roberts
- Cornea Division, Stein Eye Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Sarah Y T Robertson
- Cornea Division, Stein Eye Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Maxime Ruiz
- Cornea Division, Stein Eye Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Jie Zheng
- Basic Science Division, Stein Eye Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Sophie X Deng
- Cornea Division, Stein Eye Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
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31
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Smeringaiova I, Paaske Utheim T, Jirsova K. Ex vivo expansion and characterization of human corneal endothelium for transplantation: a review. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:554. [PMID: 34717745 PMCID: PMC8556978 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02611-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The corneal endothelium plays a key role in maintaining corneal transparency. Its dysfunction is currently treated with penetrating or lamellar keratoplasty. Advanced cell therapy methods seek to address the persistent global deficiency of donor corneas by enabling the renewal of the endothelial monolayer with tissue-engineered grafts. This review provides an overview of recently published literature on the preparation of endothelial grafts for transplantation derived from cadaveric corneas that have developed over the last decade (2010–2021). Factors such as the most suitable donor parameters, culture substrates and media, endothelial graft storage conditions, and transplantation methods are discussed. Despite efforts to utilize alternative cellular sources, such as induced pluripotent cells, cadaveric corneas appear to be the best source of cells for graft preparation to date. However, native endothelial cells have a limited natural proliferative capacity, and they often undergo rapid phenotype changes in ex vivo culture. This is the main reason why no culture protocol for a clinical-grade endothelial graft prepared from cadaveric corneas has been standardized so far. Currently, the most established ex vivo culture protocol involves the peel-and-digest method of cell isolation and cell culture by the dual media method, including the repeated alternation of high and low mitogenic conditions. Culture media are enriched by additional substances, such as signaling pathway (Rho-associated protein kinase, TGF-β, etc.) inhibitors, to stimulate proliferation and inhibit unwanted morphological changes, particularly the endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition. To date, this promising approach has led to the development of endothelial grafts for the first in-human clinical trial in Japan. In addition to the lack of a standard culture protocol, endothelial-specific markers are still missing to confirm the endothelial phenotype in a graft ready for clinical use. Because the corneal endothelium appears to comprise phenotypically heterogeneous populations of cells, the genomic and proteomic expression of recently proposed endothelial-specific markers, such as Cadherin-2, CD166, or SLC4A11, must be confirmed by additional studies. The preparation of endothelial grafts is still challenging today, but advances in tissue engineering and surgery over the past decade hold promise for the successful treatment of endothelial dysfunctions in more patients worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrida Smeringaiova
- Laboratory of the Biology and Pathology of the Eye, Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Albertov 4, 128 00, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tor Paaske Utheim
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Katerina Jirsova
- Laboratory of the Biology and Pathology of the Eye, Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Albertov 4, 128 00, Prague, Czech Republic.
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32
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Modified procedure for Loading "Flat" DMEK Grafts Into an Injector. Cornea 2021; 41:379-384. [PMID: 34620765 DOI: 10.1097/ico.0000000000002870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to determine whether loading a Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK) graft using a drop-in procedure results in more endothelial cell loss (ECL) than the standard suction procedure. METHODS Pairs of donor corneas with equivalent preprocessing endothelium were prepared using the standard protocol of our eye bank. One member of each pair was loaded into an injector using the standard suction protocol. The mate graft was loaded using a drop-in protocol, in which the edge of the graft was gently grasped with a forceps, lifted to the edge of the injector, and dropped inside. Grafts were evaluated for ECL and examined for grab marks or other loading-associated damage. RESULTS There was no difference in mean ECL of grafts prepared for DMEK using the standard protocol (20.6% ± 4.5%) compared with that of mate grafts prepared using the drop-in loading protocol (19.5% ± 4.8%, P = 0.59). There was no consistent pattern of damage in the drop-in-loaded grafts, as grab marks or other tissue damage associated with the drop-in loading protocol were not consistently identified by a trained corneal surgeon. CONCLUSIONS ECL was not significantly different in grafts prepared using a drop-in loading procedure compared with grafts prepared using the standard suction protocol. The drop-in loading protocol may be particularly useful to surgeons who load their own grafts and eye bank processing technicians who encounter a "flat" DMEK graft that does not scroll or a loosely scrolled DMEK graft.
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Abstract
The corneal epithelium (CE) forms the outermost layer of the cornea. Despite its thickness of only 50 μm, the CE plays a key role as an initial barrier against any insults to the eye and contributes to the light refraction onto the retina required for clear vision. In the event of an injury, the cornea is equipped with many strategies contributing to competent wound healing, including angiogenic and immune privileges, and mechanotransduction. Various factors, including growth factors, keratin, cytokines, integrins, crystallins, basement membrane, and gap junction proteins are involved in CE wound healing and serve as markers in the healing process. Studies of CE wound healing are advancing rapidly in tandem with the rise of corneal bioengineering, which employs limbal epithelial stem cells as the primary source of cells utilizing various types of biomaterials as substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norzana Abd Ghafar
- Pusat Perubatan Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 56000Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nahdia Afiifah Abdul Jalil
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 56000Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Taty Anna Kamarudin
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 56000Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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34
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Song Y, Overmass M, Fan J, Hodge C, Sutton G, Lovicu FJ, You J. Application of Collagen I and IV in Bioengineering Transparent Ocular Tissues. Front Surg 2021; 8:639500. [PMID: 34513910 PMCID: PMC8427501 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2021.639500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Collagens represent a major group of structural proteins expressed in different tissues and display distinct and variable properties. Whilst collagens are non-transparent in the skin, they confer transparency in the cornea and crystalline lens of the eye. There are 28 types of collagen that all share a common triple helix structure yet differ in the composition of their α-chains leading to their different properties. The different organization of collagen fibers also contributes to the variable tissue morphology. The important ability of collagen to form different tissues has led to the exploration and application of collagen as a biomaterial. Collagen type I (Col-I) and collagen type IV (Col-IV) are the two primary collagens found in corneal and lens tissues. Both collagens provide structure and transparency, essential for a clear vision. This review explores the application of these two collagen types as novel biomaterials in bioengineering unique tissue that could be used to treat a variety of ocular diseases leading to blindness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihui Song
- Save Sight Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Morgan Overmass
- Save Sight Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jiawen Fan
- Key Laboratory of Myopia of State Health Ministry, Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, Eye and Ear, Nose, and Throat (ENT) Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chris Hodge
- Save Sight Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- New South Wales (NSW) Tissue Bank, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Vision Eye Institute, Chatswood, NSW, Australia
| | - Gerard Sutton
- Save Sight Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- New South Wales (NSW) Tissue Bank, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Vision Eye Institute, Chatswood, NSW, Australia
| | - Frank J. Lovicu
- Save Sight Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Discipline of Anatomy and Histology, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jingjing You
- Save Sight Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Abstract
Corneal endothelial cells (CECs) facilitate the function of maintaining the transparency of the cornea. Damage or dysfunction of CECs can lead to blindness, and the primary treatment is corneal transplantation. However, the shortage of cornea donors is a significant problem worldwide. Thus, cultured CEC therapy has been proposed and found to be a promising approach to overcome the lack of tissue supply. Unfortunately, CECs in humans rarely proliferate in vivo and, therefore, can be extremely challenging to culture in vitro. Several promising cell isolation and culture techniques have been proposed. Multiple factors affecting the success of cell expansion including donor characteristics, preservation and isolation methods, plating density, media preparation, transdifferentiation and biomarkers have been evaluated. However, there is no consensus on standard technique for CEC culture. This review aimed to determine the challenges and investigate potential options that would facilitate the standardization of CEC culture for research and therapeutic application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rintra Wongvisavavit
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK.,Faculty of Medicine & Public Health, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Mohit Parekh
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Sajjad Ahmad
- Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Julie T Daniels
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
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Hill JR, Chen SY, Bauer AJ, Straiko MMW, Sanchez PJ, Straiko MD, Terry MA. Younger Donor Tissue in Descemet Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty Surgery: Clinical Outcomes. Cornea 2021; 40:1024-1030. [PMID: 33264145 DOI: 10.1097/ico.0000000000002582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine whether using younger donor tissue for Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK) surgery influences clinical outcomes. METHODS Scroll tightness, unscrolling time, rebubble rate, and preoperative and 3- and 6-month postoperative endothelial cell density (ECD) and endothelial cell loss (ECL) were compared for 661 DMEK grafts prepared from younger (aged younger than 50 yrs, n = 81) and older donors (aged 50 yrs or older, n = 580) with Student t test, χ2 test, or Mann-Whitney U test. RESULTS There was no difference in overall unscrolling time (younger donors: 3.1 ± 3.1 min, older donor: 2.9 ± 2.7 min, P = 0.503). Experienced faculty surgeons, compared with fellows, had a significantly lower unscrolling times for both younger donors (2.4 ± 2.3 vs. 4.6 ± 3.9 min, P = 0.002) and older donors (2.5 ± 2.1 vs. 3.7 ± 3.3 min, P <0.001). Rebubble rates were not statistically different between younger (12.3%) and older donors (15.0%, P = 0.527). Three-month ECD was higher in grafts from younger compared with that in those from older donors (2138 ± 442 vs. 1974 ± 470 cells/mm2, P = 0.024). Six-month ECD was similar for younger (1972 ± 509 cells/mm2) and older donors (1947 ± 460 cells/mm2, P = 0.585). There was no difference in 3- or 6-month ECL comparing younger (3-mo: 24.3% ± 13.4%; 6-mo: 31.1% ± 15.2%) with older donors (3-mo: 25.9% ± 15.5%, P = 0.489; 6-mo: 27.8% ± 15.1%, P = 0.231). CONCLUSIONS DMEK grafts prepared from younger donors exhibited similar unscrolling times, rebubble rates, and 3- and 6-month ECL compared with older donors. Experienced surgeons might begin to accept DMEK grafts from younger donors with confidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan R Hill
- Cornea Service, Devers Eye Institute, Portland, OR; and
| | - Shin-Yi Chen
- Cornea Service, Devers Eye Institute, Portland, OR; and
| | | | | | | | | | - Mark A Terry
- Cornea Service, Devers Eye Institute, Portland, OR; and
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Català P, Thuret G, Skottman H, Mehta JS, Parekh M, Ní Dhubhghaill S, Collin RWJ, Nuijts RMMA, Ferrari S, LaPointe VLS, Dickman MM. Approaches for corneal endothelium regenerative medicine. Prog Retin Eye Res 2021; 87:100987. [PMID: 34237411 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2021.100987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The state of the art therapy for treating corneal endothelial disease is transplantation. Advances in the reproducibility and accessibility of surgical techniques are increasing the number of corneal transplants, thereby causing a global deficit of donor corneas and leaving 12.7 million patients with addressable visual impairment. Approaches to regenerate the corneal endothelium offer a solution to the current tissue scarcity and a treatment to those in need. Methods for generating corneal endothelial cells into numbers that could address the current tissue shortage and the possible strategies used to deliver them have now become a therapeutic reality with clinical trials taking place in Japan, Singapore and Mexico. Nevertheless, there is still a long way before such therapies are approved by regulatory bodies and become clinical practice. Moreover, acellular corneal endothelial graft equivalents and certain drugs could provide a treatment option for specific disease conditions without the need of donor tissue or cells. Finally, with the emergence of gene modulation therapies to treat corneal endothelial disease, it would be possible to treat presymptomatic patients or those presenting early symptoms, drastically reducing the need for donor tissue. It is necessary to understand the most recent developments in this rapidly evolving field to know which conditions could be treated with which approach. This article provides an overview of the current and developing regenerative medicine therapies to treat corneal endothelial disease and provides the necessary guidance and understanding towards the treatment of corneal endothelial disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pere Català
- University Eye Clinic Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Cell Biology-Inspired Tissue Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Gilles Thuret
- Laboratory of Biology, Engineering and Imaging of Corneal Graft, BiiGC, Faculty of Medicine, University of Saint Etienne, Saint Etienne, France; Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | - Heli Skottman
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Jodhbir S Mehta
- Tissue Engineering and Cell Therapy Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore; Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Programme, Duke-National University Singapore Medical School, Singapore; Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore
| | - Mohit Parekh
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK; The Veneto Eye Bank Foundation, Venice, Italy; Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sorcha Ní Dhubhghaill
- Department of Ophthalmology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium; Ophthalmology, Visual Optics and Visual Rehabilitation, Department of Translational Neurosciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Rob W J Collin
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Rudy M M A Nuijts
- University Eye Clinic Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Vanessa L S LaPointe
- Department of Cell Biology-Inspired Tissue Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Mor M Dickman
- University Eye Clinic Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Cell Biology-Inspired Tissue Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
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Tsai MC, Daniels JT. The impact of biomechanics on corneal endothelium tissue engineering. Exp Eye Res 2021; 209:108690. [PMID: 34216616 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2021.108690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The integrity of innermost layer of the cornea, the corneal endothelium, is key to sustaining corneal transparency. Therefore, disease or injury causing loss or damage to the corneal endothelial cell population may threaten vision. Transplantation of corneal tissue is the standard treatment used to replace malfunctioning corneal endothelial cells. However, this surgery is dependent upon donor tissue, which is limited in supply. Hence, tissue engineers have attempted to construct alternative transplantable tissues or cell therapies to alleviate this problem. Nevertheless, the intrinsic non-dividing nature of corneal endothelial cells continues to foil scientists in their attempts to yield large numbers of cells in the laboratory for use in such novel therapies. Interestingly, the contribution of the biomechanical properties of the underlying extracellular matrix (ECM) on cell division, tissue development and maintenance has been extensively investigated in other many cell types. However, the impact of biomechanics on corneal endothelial cell behaviour is relatively unexplored. Here, we describe contemporary tissue engineering solutions aimed at circumventing donor tissue scarcity. We review the ECM structure and biomechanical features of corneal endothelial cells. We discuss the alterations of ECM in endothelial disease development and progression and point out the role of ECM in developing a tissue-engineered corneal endothelium. We highlight the main biomechanical cues, including topographical and mechanical features, that impact cellular behaviors. Finally, we discuss the influence of biomechanical cues on cell and tissue development, and how corneal endothelial cells response to individual biomechanical stimuli in tissue engineering, which have implications for designing an engineered endothelium and maintaining cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Chen Tsai
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Julie T Daniels
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
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Karamanos NK, Theocharis AD, Piperigkou Z, Manou D, Passi A, Skandalis SS, Vynios DH, Orian-Rousseau V, Ricard-Blum S, Schmelzer CEH, Duca L, Durbeej M, Afratis NA, Troeberg L, Franchi M, Masola V, Onisto M. A guide to the composition and functions of the extracellular matrix. FEBS J 2021; 288:6850-6912. [PMID: 33605520 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 312] [Impact Index Per Article: 104.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) is a dynamic 3-dimensional network of macromolecules that provides structural support for the cells and tissues. Accumulated knowledge clearly demonstrated over the last decade that ECM plays key regulatory roles since it orchestrates cell signaling, functions, properties and morphology. Extracellularly secreted as well as cell-bound factors are among the major members of the ECM family. Proteins/glycoproteins, such as collagens, elastin, laminins and tenascins, proteoglycans and glycosaminoglycans, hyaluronan, and their cell receptors such as CD44 and integrins, responsible for cell adhesion, comprise a well-organized functional network with significant roles in health and disease. On the other hand, enzymes such as matrix metalloproteinases and specific glycosidases including heparanase and hyaluronidases contribute to matrix remodeling and affect human health. Several cell processes and functions, among them cell proliferation and survival, migration, differentiation, autophagy, angiogenesis, and immunity regulation are affected by certain matrix components. Structural alterations have been also well associated with disease progression. This guide on the composition and functions of the ECM gives a broad overview of the matrisome, the major ECM macromolecules, and their interaction networks within the ECM and with the cell surface, summarizes their main structural features and their roles in tissue organization and cell functions, and emphasizes the importance of specific ECM constituents in disease development and progression as well as the advances in molecular targeting of ECM to design new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikos K Karamanos
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Greece.,Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH)/Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (ICE-HT), Patras, Greece
| | - Achilleas D Theocharis
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Greece
| | - Zoi Piperigkou
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Greece.,Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH)/Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (ICE-HT), Patras, Greece
| | - Dimitra Manou
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Greece
| | - Alberto Passi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Spyros S Skandalis
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Greece
| | - Demitrios H Vynios
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Greece
| | - Véronique Orian-Rousseau
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems- Functional Molecular Systems, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Sylvie Ricard-Blum
- University of Lyon, UMR 5246, ICBMS, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Christian E H Schmelzer
- Fraunhofer Institute for Microstructure of Materials and Systems IMWS, Halle (Saale), Germany.,Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Natural Sciences I, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Laurent Duca
- UMR CNRS 7369 Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire (MEDyC), Team 2: Matrix Aging and Vascular Remodelling, Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne (URCA), UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Reims, France
| | - Madeleine Durbeej
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Unit of Muscle Biology, Lund University, Sweden
| | - Nikolaos A Afratis
- Department Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Linda Troeberg
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Bob Champion Research and Education Building, Norwich, UK
| | - Marco Franchi
- Department for Life Quality Study, University of Bologna, Rimini, Italy
| | | | - Maurizio Onisto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Italy
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40
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Faye PA, Poumeaud F, Chazelas P, Duchesne M, Rassat M, Miressi F, Lia AS, Sturtz F, Robert PY, Favreau F, Benayoun Y. Focus on cell therapy to treat corneal endothelial diseases. Exp Eye Res 2021; 204:108462. [PMID: 33493477 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2021.108462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The cornea is a multi-layered structure which allows fine refraction and provides both resistance to external insults and adequate transparency. The corneal endothelium ensures stromal hydration, failure of which, such as in Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy, after trauma or in aging, may lead to loss of corneal transparency and induce blindness. Currently, no efficient therapeutic alternatives exist except for corneal grafting. Thus corneal tissue engineering represents a valuable alternative approach, which may overcome cornea donor shortage. Several studies describe protocols to isolate, differentiate, and cultivate corneal endothelial cells (CEnCs) in vitro. Two main in vitro strategies can be described: expansion of eye-native cell populations, such as CEnCs, or the production and expansion of CEnCs from non-eye native cell populations, such as induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs). The challenge with these cells is to obtain a monolayer of CEnCs on a biocompatible carrier, with a specific morphology (flat hexagonal cells), and with specific functions such as programmed cell cycle arrest. Another issue for this cell culture methodology is to define the adapted protocol (media, trophic factors, timeframe) that can mimic physiological development. Additionally, contamination by other cell types still represents a huge problem. Thus, purification methods, such as Fluorescence Activated Cell Sorting (FACS), Magnetic Ativated Cell Sorting (MACS) or Sedimentation Field Flow Fractionation (SdFFF) are useful. Animal models are also crucial to provide a translational approach for these therapies, integrating macro- and microenvironment influences, systemic hormonal or immune responses, and exogenous interactions. Non-eye native cell graft protocols are constantly improving both in efficacy and safety, with the aim of being the most suitable candidate for corneal therapies in future routine practice. The aim of this work is to review these different aspects with a special focus on issues facing CEnC culture in vitro, and to highlight animal graft models adapted to screen the efficacy of these different protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Antoine Faye
- CHU de Limoges, Service de Biochimie et Génétique Moléculaire, F-87000, Limoges, France; Université de Limoges, Faculté de Médecine, Maintenance Myélinique et Neuropathies Périphériques, EA6309, F-87000, Limoges, France.
| | - François Poumeaud
- Université de Limoges, Faculté de Médecine, Maintenance Myélinique et Neuropathies Périphériques, EA6309, F-87000, Limoges, France
| | - Pauline Chazelas
- CHU de Limoges, Service de Biochimie et Génétique Moléculaire, F-87000, Limoges, France; Université de Limoges, Faculté de Médecine, Maintenance Myélinique et Neuropathies Périphériques, EA6309, F-87000, Limoges, France
| | - Mathilde Duchesne
- Université de Limoges, Faculté de Médecine, Maintenance Myélinique et Neuropathies Périphériques, EA6309, F-87000, Limoges, France; CHU de Limoges, Laboratoire de Neurologie, F-87000, Limoges, France; CHU de Limoges, Service d'Anatomie Pathologique, F-87000, Limoges, France
| | - Marion Rassat
- Université de Limoges, Faculté de Médecine, Maintenance Myélinique et Neuropathies Périphériques, EA6309, F-87000, Limoges, France
| | - Federica Miressi
- Université de Limoges, Faculté de Médecine, Maintenance Myélinique et Neuropathies Périphériques, EA6309, F-87000, Limoges, France
| | - Anne Sophie Lia
- CHU de Limoges, Service de Biochimie et Génétique Moléculaire, F-87000, Limoges, France; Université de Limoges, Faculté de Médecine, Maintenance Myélinique et Neuropathies Périphériques, EA6309, F-87000, Limoges, France; CHU Limoges, UF de Bioinformatique, F-87000, Limoges France
| | - Franck Sturtz
- CHU de Limoges, Service de Biochimie et Génétique Moléculaire, F-87000, Limoges, France; Université de Limoges, Faculté de Médecine, Maintenance Myélinique et Neuropathies Périphériques, EA6309, F-87000, Limoges, France
| | | | - Frédéric Favreau
- CHU de Limoges, Service de Biochimie et Génétique Moléculaire, F-87000, Limoges, France; Université de Limoges, Faculté de Médecine, Maintenance Myélinique et Neuropathies Périphériques, EA6309, F-87000, Limoges, France
| | - Yohan Benayoun
- Chénieux Ophtalmologie, Polyclinique de Limoges ELSAN, F-87000, Limoges, France
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41
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Módis LV, Varkoly G, Bencze J, Hortobágyi TG, Módis L, Hortobágyi T. Extracellular matrix changes in corneal opacification vary depending on etiology. Mol Vis 2021; 27:26-36. [PMID: 33633437 PMCID: PMC7883932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study is to examine the expression of tenascin-C and matrilin-2 in three different disorders, which frequently require corneal transplantation. These pathological conditions include bullous keratopathy (BK), Fuchs' endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD), and corneal scarring in herpetic keratitis. Methods Histological sections of corneal buttons removed during keratoplasty were analyzed in BK (n = 20), FECD (n = 9), herpetic keratitis (n = 12), and cadaveric control (n = 10) groups with light microscopy following chromogenic immunohistochemistry. The sections were evaluated by three investigators, and semiquantitative scoring (0 to 3+) was applied according to standardized methods at 400X magnification. Each layer of the cornea was investigated; moreover, the stroma was subdivided into subepithelial, middle, and pre-Descemet's membrane areas for more detailed analysis. Results Excessive epithelial and stromal expression of tenascin-C was identified in all investigated conditions; the results were most pronounced in the pre-Descemet's membrane. Regarding matrilin-2, when examined in BK, there was increased labeling intensity in the epithelium (p<0.001) and stromal layers (p<0.05), and a decrease in the endothelium (p<0.001). In the other investigated conditions, only a low degree of stromal localization (p<0.05) of matrilin-2 was detected. Conclusions The expression of tenascin-C and matrilin-2 differs when examined in various corneal pathologies resulting in opacification. Both molecules seem to be involved in regeneration and wound healing of the corneal matrix in these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- László V. Módis
- ELKH-DE Cerebrovascular and Neurodegenerative Research Group, Department of Neurology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary,Department of Behavioural Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Gréta Varkoly
- Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg County Hospitals, Department of Ophthalmology, Nyíregyháza, Hungary
| | - János Bencze
- ELKH-DE Cerebrovascular and Neurodegenerative Research Group, Department of Neurology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary,Deparment of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Tibor G. Hortobágyi
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - László Módis
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Tibor Hortobágyi
- ELKH-DE Cerebrovascular and Neurodegenerative Research Group, Department of Neurology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary,Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary,Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK,Centre for Age-Related Medicine, SESAM, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
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42
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Ong Tone S, Kocaba V, Böhm M, Wylegala A, White TL, Jurkunas UV. Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy: The vicious cycle of Fuchs pathogenesis. Prog Retin Eye Res 2021; 80:100863. [PMID: 32438095 PMCID: PMC7648733 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2020.100863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD) is the most common primary corneal endothelial dystrophy and the leading indication for corneal transplantation worldwide. FECD is characterized by the progressive decline of corneal endothelial cells (CECs) and the formation of extracellular matrix (ECM) excrescences in Descemet's membrane (DM), called guttae, that lead to corneal edema and loss of vision. FECD typically manifests in the fifth decades of life and has a greater incidence in women. FECD is a complex and heterogeneous genetic disease where interaction between genetic and environmental factors results in cellular apoptosis and aberrant ECM deposition. In this review, we will discuss a complex interplay of genetic, epigenetic, and exogenous factors in inciting oxidative stress, auto(mito)phagy, unfolded protein response, and mitochondrial dysfunction during CEC degeneration. Specifically, we explore the factors that influence cellular fate to undergo apoptosis, senescence, and endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition. These findings will highlight the importance of abnormal CEC-DM interactions in triggering the vicious cycle of FECD pathogenesis. We will also review clinical characteristics, diagnostic tools, and current medical and surgical management options for FECD patients. These new paradigms in FECD pathogenesis present an opportunity to develop novel therapeutics for the treatment of FECD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Ong Tone
- Cornea Center of Excellence, Schepens Eye Research Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Viridiana Kocaba
- Cornea Center of Excellence, Schepens Eye Research Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Myriam Böhm
- Cornea Center of Excellence, Schepens Eye Research Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Adam Wylegala
- Cornea Center of Excellence, Schepens Eye Research Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Tomas L White
- Cornea Center of Excellence, Schepens Eye Research Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Ula V Jurkunas
- Cornea Center of Excellence, Schepens Eye Research Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.
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43
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Espana EM, Birk DE. Composition, structure and function of the corneal stroma. Exp Eye Res 2020; 198:108137. [PMID: 32663498 PMCID: PMC7508887 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2020.108137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
No other tissue in the body depends more on the composition and organization of the extracellular matrix (ECM) for normal structure and function than the corneal stroma. The precise arrangement and orientation of collagen fibrils, lamellae and keratocytes that occurs during development and is needed in adults to maintain stromal function is dependent on the regulated interaction of multiple ECM components that contribute to attain the unique properties of the cornea: transparency, shape, mechanical strength, and avascularity. This review summarizes the contribution of different ECM components, their structure, regulation and function in modulating the properties of the corneal stroma. Fibril forming collagens (I, III, V), fibril associated collagens with interrupted triple helices (XII and XIV), network forming collagens (IV, VI and VIII) as well as small leucine-rich proteoglycans (SLRP) expressed in the stroma: decorin, biglycan, lumican, keratocan, and fibromodulin are some of the ECM components reviewed in this manuscript. There are spatial and temporal differences in the expression of these ECM components, as well as interactions among them that contribute to stromal function. Unique regions within the stroma like Bowman's layer and Descemet's layer are discussed. To define the complexity of corneal stroma composition and structure as well as the relationship to function is a daunting task. Our knowledge is expanding, and we expect that this review provides a comprehensive overview of current knowledge, definition of gaps and suggests future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgar M Espana
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, USA; Cornea, External Disease and Refractive Surgery, Department of Ophthalmology, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - David E Birk
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, USA.
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Zhao C, Zhou Q, Duan H, Wang X, Jia Y, Gong Y, Li W, Dong C, Li Z, Shi W. Laminin 511 Precoating Promotes the Functional Recovery of Transplanted Corneal Endothelial Cells. Tissue Eng Part A 2020; 26:1158-1168. [PMID: 32495687 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2020.0047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Corneal endothelial dysfunction is a major cause of corneal blindness and is mainly treated by corneal transplantation. However, the global shortage of donor cornea hampers its application. Intracameral injection of cultured primary corneal endothelial cells (CECs) was recently confirmed in clinical trials. However, abnormal adhesion of the grafted CECs affects the application of this strategy. In this study, we explored if laminin 511 (LN511) improves the therapeutic function of the intracameral CEC injection for corneal endothelial dysfunction. To mimic the late stage of corneal endothelial diseases, intense scraping was developed to remove CECs and extracellular matrix of the posterior Descemet's membrane (DM) without DM removal in rabbits. Then, Dulbecco's phosphate-buffered saline (DPBS) and LN511 were intracamerally injected as the control and intervention groups, respectively. We found that the injected LN511 could settle and form a coating on the posterior surface of DM. After CEC transplantation, corneal clarity of rabbits in the LN511 group was rapidly recovered within 7 days, whereas the corneal recovery took 14 days in the DPBS group. Corneal thickness of LN511 group decreased to 413.3 ± 20.8 μm 7 days after operation, which was significantly lower than 1086.3 ± 78.6 μm of DPBS group (p < 0.01). Moreover, for the grafted CECs, LN511 promoted the rapid adhesion, tight junction formation, and expression of Na+/K+-ATPase and ZO-1. In vitro analysis revealed that the functions of LN511 on the cultured human CECs mechanistically depended on the cell density and the nuclear-cytoplasmic translocation of the Yes-associated protein. Our study demonstrated that LN511 precoating promoted the adhesion of the transplanted CECs and enhanced the functional regeneration of the corneal endothelium. Thus, our data suggested that the strategy of LN511 precoating and CECs' intracameral injection could be a potential method for the therapy of corneal endothelial dysfunction. Impact statement Intracameral injection of cultured corneal endothelial cells (CECs) is a potential alternative therapy for corneal endothelial dysfunction and has been proven to be effective in clinical trials. However, abnormal adhesion of the grafted CECs affects its application. In this study, intense scraping was developed to remove CECs and extracellular matrix of the posterior Descemet's membrane (DM) without DM removal for the therapy of late stage of corneal endothelial diseases. Laminin 511 was intracamerally injected to form a coating, improve the posterior DM, enhance the adhesion of the grafted CECs, and promote the functional regeneration of CEC transplantation through Yes-associated protein signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Zhao
- Department of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Qingdao Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China.,State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Qingjun Zhou
- Qingdao Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China.,State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Haoyun Duan
- Qingdao Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China.,State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Qingdao Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China.,State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Yanni Jia
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Eye Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Yajie Gong
- Qingdao Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China.,State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Wenjing Li
- Qingdao Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China.,State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Chunxiao Dong
- Department of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Qingdao Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China.,State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Zongyi Li
- Qingdao Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China.,State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Weiyun Shi
- Qingdao Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China.,State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Eye Hospital, Jinan, China
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McKay TB, Schlötzer-Schrehardt U, Pal-Ghosh S, Stepp MA. Integrin: Basement membrane adhesion by corneal epithelial and endothelial cells. Exp Eye Res 2020; 198:108138. [PMID: 32712184 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2020.108138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Integrins mediate adhesion of cells to substrates and maintain tissue integrity by facilitating mechanotransduction between cells, the extracellular matrix, and gene expression in the nucleus. Changes in integrin expression in corneal epithelial cells and corneal endothelial cells impacts their adhesion to the epithelial basement membrane (EpBM) and Descemet's membrane, respectively. Integrins also play roles in assembly of basement membranes by both activating TGFβ1 and other growth factors. Over the past two decades, this knowledge has been translated into methods to grow corneal epithelial and endothelial cells in vitro for transplantation in the clinic thereby transforming clinical practice and quality of life for patients. Current knowledge on the expression and function of the integrins that mediate adhesion to the basement membrane expressed by corneal epithelial and endothelial cells in health and disease is summarized. This is the first review to discuss similarities and differences in the integrins expressed by both cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina B McKay
- Department of Ophthalmology, Schepens Eye Research Institute / Mass Eye and Ear, 20 Staniford Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Ursula Schlötzer-Schrehardt
- Department of Ophthalmology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sonali Pal-Ghosh
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The George Washington School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
| | - Mary Ann Stepp
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The George Washington School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, 20052, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, The George Washington School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, 20052, USA.
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Soh YQ, Kocaba V, Weiss JS, Jurkunas UV, Kinoshita S, Aldave AJ, Mehta JS. Corneal dystrophies. Nat Rev Dis Primers 2020; 6:46. [PMID: 32528047 DOI: 10.1038/s41572-020-0178-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Corneal dystrophies are broadly defined as inherited disorders that affect any layer of the cornea and are usually progressive, bilateral conditions that do not have systemic effects. The 2015 International Classification of Corneal Dystrophies classifies corneal dystrophies into four classes: epithelial and subepithelial dystrophies, epithelial-stromal TGFBI dystrophies, stromal dystrophies and endothelial dystrophies. Whereas some corneal dystrophies may result in few or mild symptoms and morbidity throughout a patient's lifetime, others may progress and eventually result in substantial visual and ocular disturbances that require medical or surgical intervention. Corneal transplantation, either with full-thickness or partial-thickness donor tissue, may be indicated for patients with advanced corneal dystrophies. Although corneal transplantation techniques have improved considerably over the past two decades, these surgeries are still associated with postoperative risks of disease recurrence, graft failure and other complications that may result in blindness. In addition, a global shortage of cadaveric corneal graft tissue critically limits accessibility to corneal transplantation in some parts of the world. Ongoing advances in gene therapy, regenerative therapy and cell augmentation therapy may eventually result in the development of alternative, novel treatments for corneal dystrophies, which may substantially improve the quality of life of patients with these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Qiang Soh
- Tissue Engineering and Cell Therapy Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore.,Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore.,Ophthalmology Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Clinical Sciences, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Viridiana Kocaba
- Tissue Engineering and Cell Therapy Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore.,Netherlands Institute for Innovative Ocular Surgery, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jayne S Weiss
- Department of Ophthalmology, Pathology and Pharmacology, Louisiana State University, School of Medicine, New Orleans, USA
| | - Ula V Jurkunas
- Cornea and Refractive Surgery Service, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Schepens Eye Research Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Shigeru Kinoshita
- Department of Frontier Medical Science and Technology for Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Anthony J Aldave
- Stein Eye Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jodhbir S Mehta
- Tissue Engineering and Cell Therapy Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore. .,Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore. .,Ophthalmology Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore. .,Department of Clinical Sciences, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.
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de Oliveira RC, Wilson SE. Descemet's membrane development, structure, function and regeneration. Exp Eye Res 2020; 197:108090. [PMID: 32522478 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2020.108090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Basement membranes are layers of extracellular matrix which anchor the epithelium or endothelium to connective tissues in most organs. Descemet's membrane- which is the basement membrane for the corneal endothelium- is a dense, thick, relatively transparent and cell-free matrix that separates the posterior corneal stroma from the underlying endothelium. It was historically named Descemet's membrane after Jean Descemet, a French physician, but it is also known as the posterior limiting elastic lamina, lamina elastica posterior, and membrane of Demours. Normal Descemet's membrane ultrastructure in humans has been shown to consist of an interfacial matrix that attaches to the overlying corneal stroma, an anterior banded layer and a posterior non-banded layer-upon which corneal endothelial cells attach. These layers have been shown to have unique composition and morphology, and to contribute to corneal homeostasis and clarity, participate in the control of corneal hydration and to modulate TGF-β-induced posterior corneal fibrosis. Pathophysiological alterations of Descemet's membrane are noted in ocular diseases such as Fuchs' dystrophy, bullous keratopathy, keratoconus, primary congenital glaucoma (Haab's striae), as well as in systemic conditions. Unrepaired extensive damage to Descemet's membrane results in severe corneal opacity and vision loss due to stromal fibrosis, which may require penetrating keratoplasty to restore corneal transparency. The purpose of this article is to highlight the current understanding of Descemet's membrane structure, function and potential for regeneration.
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Wilson SE, Torricelli AAM, Marino GK. Corneal epithelial basement membrane: Structure, function and regeneration. Exp Eye Res 2020; 194:108002. [PMID: 32179076 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2020.108002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Basement membranes are highly specialized extracellular matrices. More than providing scaffolds, basement membranes are recognized as dynamic and versatile structures that modulate cellular responses to regulate tissue development, function, and repair. Increasing evidence suggests that, in addition to providing structural support to adjacent cells, basement membranes serve as reservoirs and modulators of growth factors that direct and fine-tune cellular functions. Since the corneal stroma is avascular and has a relatively low keratocyte density, it's likely that the corneal BM is different in composition from the BMs in other tissues. BMs are composed of a diverse assemblage of extracellular molecules, some of which are likely specific to the tissue where they function; but in general they are composed of four primary components-collagens, laminins, heparan sulfate proteoglycans, and nidogens-in addition to other components such as thrombospondin-1, matrilin-2, and matrilin-4 and fibronectin. Severe injuries to the cornea, including infection, surgery, and trauma, may trigger the development of myofibroblasts and fibrosis in the normally transparent connective tissue stroma. Ultrastructural studies have demonstrated that defective epithelial basement membrane (EBM) regeneration after injury to the cornea underlies the development of myofibroblasts from both bone marrow- and keratocyte-derived precursor cells. Defective EBM permits epithelium-derived and tear-derived transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), and possibly other modulators, to penetrate the stroma at sustained levels necessary to drive the development and persistence of vimentin + alpha-smooth muscle actin + desmin+ (V + A + D+) mature myofibroblasts. A recent discovery that has contributed to our understanding of haze development is that keratocytes and corneal fibroblasts produce critical EBM components, such as nidogen-1, nidogen-2 and perlecan, that are essential for complete regeneration of a normal EBM once laminin secreted by epithelial cells self-polymerizes into a nascent EBM. Mature myofibroblasts that become established in the anterior stroma are a barrier to keratocyte/corneal fibroblast contributions to the nascent EBM. These myofibroblasts, and the opacity they produce, often persist for months or years after the injury. Transparency is subsequently restored if the EBM is fully regenerated, myofibroblasts are deprived of TGF-β and undergo apoptosis, and keratocytes reoccupy the anterior stroma and reabsorb the disordered extracellular matrix.
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Hsueh YJ, Ma DHK, Ma KSC, Wang TK, Chou CH, Lin CC, Huang MC, Luo LJ, Lai JY, Chen HC. Extracellular Matrix Protein Coating of Processed Fish Scales Improves Human Corneal Endothelial Cell Adhesion and Proliferation. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2019; 8:27. [PMID: 31171994 PMCID: PMC6543859 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.8.3.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Corneal transplantation can treat corneal endothelial diseases. Implanting cultivated human corneal endothelial cells (HCECs) via a cell carrier has clinical value as an alternative therapeutic strategy. This study was performed to compare the feasibility of fish scales and other biomaterials (gelatin and chitosan) as cell carriers and to investigate the effects of an extracellular matrix (ECM) protein coating to improve the cytocompatibility of fish scales. Methods The physical properties of gelatin, chitosan, and fish scales were compared. Immortalized HCECs (B4G12) were cultured on processed fish scales, which were coated with fibronectin, laminin, collagen IV, or FNC Coating Mix. Cell attachment and proliferation were evaluated by immunofluorescence, cell counting, and bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) labeling assays. Immunoblots were used to examine the expression levels of integrin-linked kinase (ILK), phosphate-ILK, β-catenin, p63, and cell cycle mediators (cyclin D1 and p27Kip1). Results The transparency of processed fish scales was better than that of chitosan, while the strength was higher than that of gelatin. The laminin, collagen IV, and FNC coatings facilitated B4G12 cell adhesion and proliferation, while fibronectin only facilitated cell adhesion. The laminin, collagen IV, and FNC coatings also upregulated phosphate-ILK and p63 expression. In addition, the FNC coating activated cell cycle mediators. Conclusion ECM protein-coated processed fish scales can serve as a novel cell carrier to facilitate the development of HCEC transplantation. Translational Relevance Improving the physical properties and cytocompatibility of fish scales as a cell carrier will facilitate the transplantation of HCECs into corneas for the purpose of cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Jen Hsueh
- Limbal Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan.,Center for Tissue Engineering, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - David Hui-Kang Ma
- Limbal Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan.,Center for Tissue Engineering, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan.,Department of Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Kathleen Sheng-Chuan Ma
- Limbal Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Tze-Kai Wang
- Limbal Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan.,Center for Tissue Engineering, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hung Chou
- Department of Research, Body Organ Biomedical Corporation, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Cheng Lin
- Department of Research, Body Organ Biomedical Corporation, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Min-Chang Huang
- Department of Research, Body Organ Biomedical Corporation, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Jyuan Luo
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Yang Lai
- Center for Tissue Engineering, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan.,Institute of Biochemical and Biomedical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Materials Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Chi Chen
- Limbal Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan.,Center for Tissue Engineering, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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Chen L, Wei Y, Zhou X, Zhang Z, Chi W, Gong L, Jiang X, Zhang S. Morphologic, Biomechanical, and Compositional Features of the Internal Limiting Membrane in Pathologic Myopic Foveoschisis. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2019; 59:5569-5578. [PMID: 30480705 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.18-24676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate alterations in the morphologic, compositional, and biomechanical properties of the internal limiting membrane (ILM) in pathologic myopic foveoschisis (MF) eyes. Methods ILM specimens were peeled from 61 eyes with MF and 56 eyes with stage III/IV idiopathic macular hole (IMH) as a control. Samples were analyzed for transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy, immunofluorescence, Western blotting, and atomic force microscopy. ILM characteristics were compared between the two groups. Results TEM findings revealed that thickness of the MF ILMs significantly decreased compared with that of IMH ILMs (0.753 ± 0.215 vs. 1.894 ± 0.247 μm; P < 0.0001). The vitreal side stiffness of the MF ILMs was markedly higher than that of the IMH ILMs (3.520 ± 0.803 vs. 0.879 ± 0.230 MPa, P < 0.0001). Comparing with the IMH group, collagen IV exhibited decreased concentration and different immunofluorescence distribution in ILMs of MF eyes, so also protein α3 (IV), α4 (IV), and α5 (IV). The immunofluorescence staining results showed that astrocytes were observed in none of the IMH eyes and in 12 of 16 MF eyes (75%, P < 0.0001). Conclusions These alterations in the MF ILMs appear to be associated with Müller cell and astrocyte reactive gliosis. The present findings contribute to a more in-depth understanding of the pathogenesis of MF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yantao Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuezhi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaotian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Chi
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Gong
- Instrumental Analysis and Research Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xintong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaochong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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