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Yu Y, Zhang Z, Xia F, Sun B, Liu S, Wang X, Zhou X, Zhao J. Exploration of the pathophysiology of high myopia via proteomic profiling of human corneal stromal lenticules. Exp Eye Res 2024; 238:109726. [PMID: 37979904 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2023.109726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the underlying pathophysiology of high myopia by analyzing the proteome of human corneal stromal lenticule samples obtained through small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE). A total of thirty-two patients who underwent SMILE were included in the study. Label-free quantitative proteomic analysis was performed on corneal stromal lenticule samples, equally representing high myopia (n = 10) and low myopia (n = 10) groups. The identified and profiled lenticule proteomes were analyzed using in silico tools to explore biological characteristics of differentially expressed proteins (DEPs). Additionally, LASSO regression and random forest model were employed to identify key proteins associated with the pathophysiology of high myopia. The DEPs were found to be closely linked to immune activation, extracellular matrix, and cell adhesion-related pathways according to gene ontology analysis. Specifically, decreased expression of COL1A1 and increased expression of CDH11 were associated with the pathogenesis of high myopia and validated by western blotting (n = 6) and quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (n = 6). Overall, this study provides evidence that COL1A1 and CDH11 may contribute to the pathophysiology of high myopia based on comparative proteomic profiling of human corneal stromal lenticules obtained through SMILE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanze Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Shanghai, China; Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China; Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Shanghai, China; Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Xia
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Shanghai, China; Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Bingqing Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Shanghai, China; Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengtao Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Shanghai, China; Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoying Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Shanghai, China; Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xingtao Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Shanghai, China; Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Shanghai, China; Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China.
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Desmettre T, Gatinel D, Leveziel N. Épigénétique et myopie : mécanismes et perspectives thérapeutiques. J Fr Ophtalmol 2022; 45:1209-1216. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfo.2022.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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3
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Swierkowska J, Karolak JA, Vishweswaraiah S, Mrugacz M, Radhakrishna U, Gajecka M. Decreased Levels of DNA Methylation in the PCDHA Gene Cluster as a Risk Factor for Early-Onset High Myopia in Young Children. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2022; 63:31. [PMID: 36036911 PMCID: PMC9434983 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.63.9.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose High myopia (HM), an eye disorder with at least –6.0 diopters refractive error, has a complex etiology with environmental, genetic, and likely epigenetic factors involved. To complement the DNA methylation assessment in children with HM, we analyzed genes that had significantly lower DNA methylation levels. Methods The DNA methylation pattern was studied based on the genome-wide methylation data of 18 Polish children with HM paired with 18 controls. Genes overlapping CG dinucleotides with decreased methylation level in HM cases were assessed by enrichment analyses. From those, genes with CG dinucleotides in promoter regions were further evaluated based on exome sequencing (ES) data of 16 patients with HM from unrelated Polish families, Sanger sequencing data of the studied children, and the RNA sequencing data of human retinal ARPE-19 cells. Results The CG dinucleotide with the most decreased methylation level in cases was identified in a promoter region of PCDHA10 that overlaps intronic regions of PCDHA1–9 of the PCDHA gene cluster in myopia 5q31 locus. Also, two single nucleotide variants, rs200661444, detected in our ES, and rs246073, previously found as associated with a refractive error in a genome-wide association study, were revealed within this gene cluster. Additionally, genes previously linked to ocular phenotypes, myopia-related traits, or loci, including ADAM20, ZFAND6, ETS1, ABHD13, SBSPON, SORBS2, LMOD3, ATXN1, and FARP2, were found to have decreased methylation. Conclusions Alterations in the methylation pattern of specific CG dinucleotides may be associated with early-onset HM, so this could be used to develop noninvasive biomarkers of HM in children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Justyna A Karolak
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland.,Chair and Department of Genetics and Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Sangeetha Vishweswaraiah
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Royal Oak, Michigan, United States
| | - Malgorzata Mrugacz
- Department of Ophthalmology and Eye Rehabilitation, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Uppala Radhakrishna
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Royal Oak, Michigan, United States
| | - Marzena Gajecka
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland.,Chair and Department of Genetics and Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
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4
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Association between miRNA Target Sites and Incidence of Primary Osteoarthritis in Women from Volga-Ural Region of Russia: A Case-Control Study. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11071222. [PMID: 34359306 PMCID: PMC8306068 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11071222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past decades, numerous studies on the genetic markers of osteoarthritis (OA) have been conducted. MiRNA targets sites are a promising new area of research. In this study, we analyzed the polymorphic variants in 3′ UTR regions of COL1A1, COL11A1, ADAMTS5, MMP1, MMP13, SOX9, GDF5, FGF2, FGFR1, and FGFRL1 genes to examine the association between miRNA target site alteration and the incidence of OA in women from the Volga-Ural region of Russia using competitive allele-specific PCR. The T allele of the rs9659030 was associated with generalized OA (OR = 2.0), whereas the C allele of the rs229069 was associated with total OA (OR = 1.43). The T allele of the rs13317 was associated with the total OA (OR = 1.67). After Benjamini-Hochberg correction, only rs13317 remained statistically significant. According to ethnic heterogeneity, associations between the T allele (rs1061237) with OA in women of Russian descent (OR = 1.77), the G allele (rs6854081) in women of Tatar descent (OR = 4.78), the C allele (rs229069) and the T allele (rs73611720) in women of mixed descent and other ethnic groups (OR = 2.25 and OR = 3.02, respectively) were identified. All associations remained statistically significant after Benjamini-Hochberg correction. Together, this study identified miRNA target sites as a genetic marker for the development of OA in various ethnic groups.
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5
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The role of genetic factors in the pathogenesis of primary open-angle glaucoma. Part 1. Connective tissue. OPHTHALMOLOGY JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.17816/ov52972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The article presents an analytical review of works devoted to molecular and genetic studies in primary open-angle glaucoma from the perspective of the concept of hereditary inferiority of the connective tissue of the eye (scleral component), and the entire body as a whole, as triggers in the development of the disease. The relationship between the main theories of the pathogenesis of glaucoma optical neuropathy and the determining role of molecular and genetic mechanisms of specific changes in the eye tissue is shown. The clinical features of primary open-angle glaucoma in patients with a family history are analyzed. Potentially new directions for preclinical diagnosis of glaucoma and pathogenetically oriented therapy are proposed.
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Dyer KIC, Sanfilippo PG, White SW, Guggenheim JA, Hammond CJ, Newnham JP, Mackey DA, Yazar S. Associations Between Fetal Growth Trajectories and the Development of Myopia by 20 Years of Age. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2021; 61:26. [PMID: 33355605 PMCID: PMC7774062 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.61.14.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate the contribution of genetic and early life environmental factors, as reflected by fetal anthropometric growth trajectories, toward the development of myopia during childhood and adolescence. Methods This analysis included 498 singleton Caucasian participants from the Raine Study, a pregnancy cohort study based in Western Australia. Serial fetal biometric measurements of these participants were collected via ultrasound scans performed at 18, 24, 28, 34, and 38 weeks’ gestation. At a 20-year follow-up, the participants underwent a comprehensive ophthalmic examination, including cycloplegic autorefraction and ocular biometry measurements. Using a group-based trajectory modeling approach, we identified groups of participants with similar growth trajectories based on measurements of fetal head circumference (HC), abdominal circumference, femur length (FL), and estimated fetal weight (EFW). Differences between trajectory groups with respect to prevalence of myopia, axial length (AL), and corneal radius of curvature measured at the 20-year follow-up were evaluated via logistic regression and analysis of variance. Results Prevalence of myopia was highest among participants with consistently short or consistently long FLs (P = 0.04). There was also a trend toward increased prevalence with larger HC in late gestation, although not at a statistically significant level. Trajectory groups reflecting faster HC, FL, or EFW growth correlated with significantly flatter corneas (P = 0.03, P = 0.04, and P = 0.01, respectively) and a general, but not statistically significant, increase in AL. Conclusions Environmental or genetic factors influencing intrauterine skeletal growth may concurrently affect ocular development, with effects persisting into adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen I C Dyer
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Lions Eye Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,School of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Paul G Sanfilippo
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Lions Eye Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Centre for Eye Research Australia, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Melbourne, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Scott W White
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Maternal Fetal Medicine Service, King Edward Memorial Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Jeremy A Guggenheim
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, Cardiff University, Cardiff, South Glamorgan, United Kingdom
| | - Chris J Hammond
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - John P Newnham
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Maternal Fetal Medicine Service, King Edward Memorial Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - David A Mackey
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Lions Eye Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Seyhan Yazar
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Lions Eye Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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7
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Variants in FLRT3 and SLC35E2B identified using exome sequencing in seven high myopia families from Central Europe. Adv Med Sci 2021; 66:192-198. [PMID: 33711669 DOI: 10.1016/j.advms.2021.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE High myopia (HM) is an eye disorder with both environmental and genetic factors involved. Many genetic factors responsible for HM were recognized worldwide, but little is known about genetic variants underlying HM in Central Europe. Thus, the aim of this study was to identify rare sequence variants involved in HM in families from Central Europe to better understand the genetic basis of HM. MATERIALS AND METHODS We assessed 17 individuals from 7 unrelated Central European families with hereditary HM using exome sequencing (ES). Segregation of selected variants in other available family members was performed using Sanger sequencing. RESULTS Detected 73 rare variants were selected for verification. We observed 2 missense variants, c.938C>T in SLC35E2B - encoding solute carrier family 35 member E2B, and c.1642G>C in FLRT3 - encoding fibronectin leucine rich transmembrane protein, segregating with HM in one family. CONCLUSIONS FLRT3 and/or SLC35E2B could represent disease candidate genes and identified sequence variants might be responsible for HM in the studied family.
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Musolf AM, Simpson CL, Alexander TA, Portas L, Murgia F, Ciner EB, Stambolian D, Bailey-Wilson JE. Genome-wide scans of myopia in Pennsylvania Amish families reveal significant linkage to 12q15, 8q21.3 and 5p15.33. Hum Genet 2019; 138:339-354. [PMID: 30826882 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-019-01991-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Myopia is one of the most common ocular disorders in the world, yet the genetic etiology of the disease remains poorly understood. Specialized founder populations, such as the Pennsylvania Amish, provide the opportunity to utilize exclusive genomic architecture, like unique haplotypes, to better understand the genetic causes of myopia. We perform genetic linkage analysis on Pennsylvania Amish families that have a strong familial history of myopia to map any potential causal variants and genes for the disease. 293 individuals from 25 extended families were genotyped on the Illumina ExomePlus array and merged with previous microsatellite data. We coded myopia affection as a binary phenotype; myopia was defined as having a mean spherical equivalent (MSE) of less than or equal to - 1 D (diopters). Two-point and multipoint parametric linkage analyses were performed under an autosomal dominant model. When allowing for locus heterogeneity, we identified two novel genome-wide significantly linked variants at 12q15 (heterogeneity LOD, HLOD = 3.77) in PTPRB and at 8q21.3 (HLOD = 3.35) in CNGB3. We identified further three genome-wide significant variants within a single family. These three variants were located in exons of SLC6A18 at 5p15.33 (LODs ranged from 3.51 to 3.37). Multipoint analysis confirmed the significant signal at 5p15.33 with six genome-wide significant variants (LODs ranged from 3.6 to 3.3). Further suggestive evidence of linkage was observed in several other regions of the genome. All three novel linked regions contain strong candidate genes, especially CNGB3 on 8q21.3, which has been shown to affect photoreceptors and cause complete color blindness. Whole genome sequencing on these regions is planned to conclusively elucidate the causal variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony M Musolf
- Computational and Statistical Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Dr, Suite 1200, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Claire L Simpson
- Computational and Statistical Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Dr, Suite 1200, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA.,Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Theresa A Alexander
- Computational and Statistical Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Dr, Suite 1200, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Laura Portas
- Computational and Statistical Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Dr, Suite 1200, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Federico Murgia
- Computational and Statistical Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Dr, Suite 1200, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Elise B Ciner
- The Pennsylvania College of Optometry at Salus University, Elkins Park, PA, USA
| | - Dwight Stambolian
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Joan E Bailey-Wilson
- Computational and Statistical Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Dr, Suite 1200, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA.
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Tedja MS, Haarman AEG, Meester-Smoor MA, Kaprio J, Mackey DA, Guggenheim JA, Hammond CJ, Verhoeven VJM, Klaver CCW. IMI - Myopia Genetics Report. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2019; 60:M89-M105. [PMID: 30817828 PMCID: PMC6892384 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.18-25965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The knowledge on the genetic background of refractive error and myopia has expanded dramatically in the past few years. This white paper aims to provide a concise summary of current genetic findings and defines the direction where development is needed. We performed an extensive literature search and conducted informal discussions with key stakeholders. Specific topics reviewed included common refractive error, any and high myopia, and myopia related to syndromes. To date, almost 200 genetic loci have been identified for refractive error and myopia, and risk variants mostly carry low risk but are highly prevalent in the general population. Several genes for secondary syndromic myopia overlap with those for common myopia. Polygenic risk scores show overrepresentation of high myopia in the higher deciles of risk. Annotated genes have a wide variety of functions, and all retinal layers appear to be sites of expression. The current genetic findings offer a world of new molecules involved in myopiagenesis. As the missing heritability is still large, further genetic advances are needed. This Committee recommends expanding large-scale, in-depth genetic studies using complementary big data analytics, consideration of gene-environment effects by thorough measurement of environmental exposures, and focus on subgroups with extreme phenotypes and high familial occurrence. Functional characterization of associated variants is simultaneously needed to bridge the knowledge gap between sequence variance and consequence for eye growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milly S. Tedja
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Annechien E. G. Haarman
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Magda A. Meester-Smoor
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jaakko Kaprio
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - David A. Mackey
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Menzies Institute of Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Lions Eye Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Jeremy A. Guggenheim
- School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher J. Hammond
- Section of Academic Ophthalmology, School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Virginie J. M. Verhoeven
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Caroline C. W. Klaver
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Ophthalmology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - for the CREAM Consortium
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Menzies Institute of Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Lions Eye Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- Section of Academic Ophthalmology, School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Ophthalmology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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Flitcroft DI, Loughman J, Wildsoet CF, Williams C, Guggenheim JA. Novel Myopia Genes and Pathways Identified From Syndromic Forms of Myopia. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2018; 59:338-348. [PMID: 29346494 PMCID: PMC5773233 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.17-22173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To test the hypothesis that genes known to cause clinical syndromes featuring myopia also harbor polymorphisms contributing to nonsyndromic refractive errors. Methods Clinical phenotypes and syndromes that have refractive errors as a recognized feature were identified using the Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) database. One hundred fifty-four unique causative genes were identified, of which 119 were specifically linked with myopia and 114 represented syndromic myopia (i.e., myopia and at least one other clinical feature). Myopia was the only refractive error listed for 98 genes and hyperopia and the only refractive error noted for 28 genes, with the remaining 28 genes linked to phenotypes with multiple forms of refractive error. Pathway analysis was carried out to find biological processes overrepresented within these sets of genes. Genetic variants located within 50 kb of the 119 myopia-related genes were evaluated for involvement in refractive error by analysis of summary statistics from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) conducted by the CREAM Consortium and 23andMe, using both single-marker and gene-based tests. Results Pathway analysis identified several biological processes already implicated in refractive error development through prior GWAS analyses and animal studies, including extracellular matrix remodeling, focal adhesion, and axon guidance, supporting the research hypothesis. Novel pathways also implicated in myopia development included mannosylation, glycosylation, lens development, gliogenesis, and Schwann cell differentiation. Hyperopia was found to be linked to a different pattern of biological processes, mostly related to organogenesis. Comparison with GWAS findings further confirmed that syndromic myopia genes were enriched for genetic variants that influence refractive errors in the general population. Gene-based analyses implicated 21 novel candidate myopia genes (ADAMTS18, ADAMTS2, ADAMTSL4, AGK, ALDH18A1, ASXL1, COL4A1, COL9A2, ERBB3, FBN1, GJA1, GNPTG, IFIH1, KIF11, LTBP2, OCA2, POLR3B, POMT1, PTPN11, TFAP2A, ZNF469). Conclusions Common genetic variants within or nearby genes that cause syndromic myopia are enriched for variants that cause nonsyndromic, common myopia. Analysis of syndromic forms of refractive errors can provide new insights into the etiology of myopia and additional potential targets for therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Ian Flitcroft
- Children's University Hospital and University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,College of Sciences and Health, Dublin Institute of Technology, Dublin, Ireland
| | - James Loughman
- College of Sciences and Health, Dublin Institute of Technology, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Christine F Wildsoet
- Center for Eye Disease and Development, School of Optometry, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States
| | - Cathy Williams
- Bristol Eye Hospital and Bristol University, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Jeremy A Guggenheim
- School of Optometry & Vision Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
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11
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Li J, Zhang Q. Insight into the molecular genetics of myopia. Mol Vis 2017; 23:1048-1080. [PMID: 29386878 PMCID: PMC5757860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Myopia is the most common cause of visual impairment worldwide. Genetic and environmental factors contribute to the development of myopia. Studies on the molecular genetics of myopia are well established and have implicated the important role of genetic factors. With linkage analysis, association studies, sequencing analysis, and experimental myopia studies, many of the loci and genes associated with myopia have been identified. Thus far, there has been no systemic review of the loci and genes related to non-syndromic and syndromic myopia based on the different approaches. Such a systemic review of the molecular genetics of myopia will provide clues to identify additional plausible genes for myopia and help us to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying myopia. This paper reviews recent genetic studies on myopia, summarizes all possible reported genes and loci related to myopia, and suggests implications for future studies on the molecular genetics of myopia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingjiong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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12
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Khusainova RI, Tyurin AV, Shapovalova DA, Khusnutdinova EK. Search for osteoarthritis genetic markers in women with undifferentiated connective tissue dysplasia. RUSS J GENET+ 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795417060072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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13
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Swierkowska J, Gajecka M. Genetic factors influencing the reduction of central corneal thickness in disorders affecting the eye. Ophthalmic Genet 2017; 38:501-510. [DOI: 10.1080/13816810.2017.1313993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Marzena Gajecka
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
- Department of Genetics and Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
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14
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Abstract
The Marshall Parks Lecture 2015, entitled "Myopia-The future progression of myopia: Seeing where we are going," was presented by Professor David A. Mackey at the American Academy of Ophthalmology meeting held in Las Vegas in November 2015.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Mackey
- a Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Lions Eye Institute , University of Western Australia , Perth , Western Australia , Australia
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Velazquez-Villoria A, Recalde S, Anter J, Bezunartea J, Hernandez-Sanchez M, García-García L, Alonso E, Ruiz-Moreno JM, Araiz-Iribarren J, Fernandez-Robredo P, García-Layana A. Evaluation of 10 AMD Associated Polymorphisms as a Cause of Choroidal Neovascularization in Highly Myopic Eyes. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0162296. [PMID: 27643879 PMCID: PMC5028023 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Choroidal neovascularization (CNV) commonly occurs in age related macular degeneration and pathological myopia patients. In this study we conducted a case-control prospective study including 431 participants. The aim of this study was to determine the potential association between 10 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) located in 4 different genetic regions (CFI, COL8A1, LIPC, and APOE), and choroidal neovascularization in age-related macular degeneration and the development of choroidal neovascularization in highly myopic eyes of a Caucasian population. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis adjusted for age, sex and hypertension was performed for each allele, genotype and haplotype frequency analysis. We found that in the univariate analysis that both single-nucleotide polymorphisms in COL8A1 gene (rs13095226 and rs669676) together with age, sex and hypertension were significantly associated with myopic CNV development in Spanish patients (p<0.05). After correcting for multiple testing none of the polymorphisms studied remained significantly associated with myopic CNV (p>0.05); however, analysis of the axial length between genotypes of rs13095226 revealed an important influence of COL8A1 in the development of CNV in high myopia. Furthermore we conducted a meta-analysis of COL8A1, CFI and LIPC genes SNPs (rs669676, rs10033900 and rs10468017) and found that only rs669676 of these SNPs were associated with high myopia neovascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro Velazquez-Villoria
- Ophthalmology Experimental Laboratory, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Ophthalmology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Sergio Recalde
- Ophthalmology Experimental Laboratory, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - Jaouad Anter
- Department of Celular and Molecular Medicine, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas and Ciber de Enfermedades Raras, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jaione Bezunartea
- Ophthalmology Experimental Laboratory, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | | | - Laura García-García
- Ophthalmology Experimental Laboratory, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Elena Alonso
- Ophthalmology Experimental Laboratory, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Ophthalmology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Jose María Ruiz-Moreno
- Department of Ophthalmology, Castilla La Mancha University, Albacete and Baviera European Institute of Retina, Alicante, Spain
| | - Javier Araiz-Iribarren
- University of the Basque Country (Surgical-Clinical Institute of Ophthalmology) and San Eloy Hospital, Bilbao, Spain
| | | | - Alfredo García-Layana
- Ophthalmology Experimental Laboratory, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Ophthalmology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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Gong B, Qu C, Huang XF, Ye ZM, Zhang DD, Shi Y, Chen R, Liu YP, Shuai P. Genetic association of COL1A1 polymorphisms with high myopia in Asian population: a Meta-analysis. Int J Ophthalmol 2016; 9:1187-93. [PMID: 27588274 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2016.08.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To comprehensively evaluate the potential association of COL1A1 polymorphisms with high myopia by a systematic review and Meta-analysis. METHODS All association studies on COL1A1 and high myopia reported up to June 10, 2014 in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Chinese Biomedical Database were retrieved. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were analyzed for single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) using fixed- and random- effects models according to between-study heterogeneity. Publication bias analyses were conducted by Egger's test. RESULTS A total of four studies from reported papers were included in this analysis. The Meta-analyses for COL1A1 rs2075555, composed of 2304 high myopia patients and 2272 controls, failed to detect any significant association with high myopia. A total of 971 cases and 649 controls were tested for COL1A1 rs2269336. The association of COL1A1 rs2269336 with high myopia was observed in recessive model (CC vs CG+GG, P=0.03) and in heterozygous model (CG vs GG, P=0.04), but not in other models. CONCLUSION This Meta-analysis shows that COL1A1 rs2269336 (CC vs CG+GG) affects individual susceptibility to high myopia, whereas there is no association detected between SNPs rs2075555 and high myopia. Given the limited sample size, further investigations including more ethnic groups are required to validate the association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Gong
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Disease Gene Study, Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan Province, China; School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Chao Qu
- School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan Province, China; Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Xiao-Fang Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Zi-Meng Ye
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Disease Gene Study, Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Ding-Ding Zhang
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Disease Gene Study, Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan Province, China; School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yi Shi
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Disease Gene Study, Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan Province, China; School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Rong Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yu-Ping Liu
- School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan Province, China; Health Management Center, Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Ping Shuai
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Disease Gene Study, Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan Province, China; School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan Province, China; Health Management Center, Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan Province, China
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17
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Johnston T, Chandra A, Hewitt AW. Current Understanding of the Genetic Architecture of Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment. Ophthalmic Genet 2016; 37:121-9. [PMID: 26757352 DOI: 10.3109/13816810.2015.1033557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) is a common and potentially blinding surgical retinal disease. While the precise molecular mechanisms leading to RRD are poorly understood, there is an increasing body of literature supporting the role of heritable factors in the pathogenesis of the condition. Much work has been undertaken investigating genes important in syndromic forms of RRD (e.g., Stickler, Wagner Syndrome, etc.) and research pertaining to genetic investigations of idiopathic or non-syndromic RRD has also recently been reported. To date, at least 12 genetic loci have been implicated in the development of syndromes of which RRD is a feature. A recent GWAS identified five loci implicated in the development of idiopathic RRD.This article provides an overview of the genetic mechanisms of both syndromic and idiopathic RRD. The genetics of predisposing conditions, such as myopia and lattice degeneration, are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Johnston
- a Centre for Eye Research Australia, University of Melbourne, Department of Ophthalmology, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital , Melbourne , Victoria , Australia and
| | - Aman Chandra
- a Centre for Eye Research Australia, University of Melbourne, Department of Ophthalmology, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital , Melbourne , Victoria , Australia and
| | - Alex W Hewitt
- a Centre for Eye Research Australia, University of Melbourne, Department of Ophthalmology, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital , Melbourne , Victoria , Australia and.,b School of Medicine, Menzies Research Institute Tasmania, University of Tasmania , Hobart , Tasmania , Australia
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18
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Chen T, Shan G, Ma J, Zhong Y. Polymorphism in the RASGRF1 gene with high myopia: A meta-analysis. Mol Vis 2015; 21:1272-80. [PMID: 26644762 PMCID: PMC4645451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the association between polymorphisms of RASGRF1 rs8027411 and high myopia in Chinese and Japanese populations. METHODS All eligible studies investigating the association between the RASGRF1 gene and high myopia listed in PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and the China Biologic Medical Database were retrieved. The effects were assessed with the pooled odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Heterogeneity between studies was evaluated with the Q-statistic test. Publication bias was tested with Begg's and Egger's linear regression tests. Subgroup analysis and sensitivity analysis were performed to identify the sources of heterogeneity. RESULTS In the present meta-analysis, 2,529 individuals with high myopia and 3,127 controls from four studies were included and divided into seven groups. The results indicated that RASGRF1 rs8027411 was significantly associated with high myopia in Chinese and Japanese populations. Carriers of the rs8027411 G allele had a lower risk of high myopia compared to carriers with the T allele (G versus T, OR=0.83, 95% CI=0.77-0.89; p<0.001). Low but not significant heterogeneity was found in a recessive model. No heterogeneity was found in other genetic models. The subgroup analysis indicated that the protective effect of rs8027411 variants was more prominent in Chinese populations (G versus T, OR=0.80 in Chinese and OR=0.86 in Japanese; GG versus TT, OR=0.65 in Chinese and OR=0.77 in Japanese; GT versus TT, OR=0.76 in Chinese and OR=0.81 in Japanese; (GG+GT) versus TT, OR=0.73 in Chinese and OR=0.80 in Japanese; and GG versus (GT+TT), OR=0.77 in Chinese and OR=0.87 in Japanese). Sensitivity analysis indicated that the study results were stable in allelic, homozygote, heterozygote, and dominant models but were not stable in the recessive model. No evidence of publication bias was found. CONCLUSIONS Carriers of the rs8027411 G allele in the RASGRF1 gene may be at a lower risk of high myopia in Chinese and Japanese populations. The RASGRF1 gene may play a role in the development of high myopia, especially in Asians. Additional studies are required to validate these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Guangliang Shan
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Institute of Basic Medical Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Ma
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Zhong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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19
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Zhang X, Zhou X, Qu X. Association between COL1A1 polymorphisms and high myopia: a meta-analysis. Int J Clin Exp Med 2015; 8:5862-5868. [PMID: 26131177 PMCID: PMC4483928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies of the association between COL1A1 polymorphisms and high myopia risk have yielded conflicting results. To help resolve the discrepancies, we performed a meta-analysis to estimate the relationship between COL1A1 polymorphisms and high myopia risk. METHODS We searched for case-control and cohort studies in MEDLINE, EMBASE, and OVID. Odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were derived for single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). We also analyzed heterogeneity and publication bias. RESULTS This meta-analysis was based on five studies of rs2075555 (1,944 high myopia cases and 3,060 controls), and three studies of rs2269336 (1,454 high myopia cases and 1,512 controls). The combined results showed an association between rs2075555 and high myopia in the dominant (OR = 0.86, 95% CI = 0.71-0.99) and homozygote models (OR = 0.79, 95% CI = 0.64-0.97). In the recessive model for rs2269336, OR was 1.26 (95% CI = 1.05-1.50); in the heterozygote model, OR was 0.81 (95% CI = 0.69-0.96). Begg's and Egger's tests for rs2075555 showed no evidence of publication bias. CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis suggests COL1A1 rs2075555 is a potential low risk factor for high myopia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Myopia Key Laboratory of The Health MinistryShanghai, China
| | - Xingtao Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Myopia Key Laboratory of The Health MinistryShanghai, China
| | - Xinhua Qu
- Translational Medicine Center, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of MedicineShanghai, China
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20
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Almeida L, Oliveira J, Guimarães LH, Carvalho EM, Blackwell JM, Castellucci L. Wound healing genes and susceptibility to cutaneous leishmaniasis in Brazil: role of COL1A1. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2015; 30:225-229. [PMID: 25562121 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2014.12.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Revised: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 12/27/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated a role for wound healing genes in resolution of cutaneous lesions caused by Leishmania spp. in both mice and humans, including the gene FLI1 encoding Friend leukemia virus integration 1. Reduction of Fli1 expression in mice has been shown to result in up-regulation of collagen type I alpha 1 (Col1a1) and alpha 2 (Col1a2) genes and, conversely, in down-regulation of the matrix metalloproteinase 1 (Mmp1) gene, suggesting that Fli1 suppression is involved in activation of the profibrotic gene program. Here we examined single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in these genes as risk factors for cutaneous (CL) and mucosal leishmaniasis (ML), and leishmaniasis per se, caused by L. braziliensis in humans. SNPs were genotyped in 168 nuclear families (250 CL; 87 ML cases) and replicated in 157 families (402 CL; 39 ML cases). Family-based association tests (FBAT) showed the strongest association between SNPs rs1061237 (combined P=0.002) and rs2586488 (combined P=0.027) at COL1A1 and CL disease. This contributes to our further understanding of the role of wound healing in the resolution of CL disease, providing potential for therapies modulating COL1A1 via drugs acting on FLI1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Almeida
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Tropical Diseases, Brazil and Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil.
| | - Joyce Oliveira
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Tropical Diseases, Brazil and Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil.
| | - Luiz Henrique Guimarães
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Tropical Diseases, Brazil and Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil.
| | - Edgar M Carvalho
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Tropical Diseases, Brazil and Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil.
| | - Jenefer M Blackwell
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Subiaco, Western Australia, Australia; Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Léa Castellucci
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Tropical Diseases, Brazil and Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil.
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Physiopathologie de la myopie, entre hérédité et environnement. J Fr Ophtalmol 2014; 37:407-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfo.2014.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2013] [Revised: 01/30/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Yiu WC, Yap MKH, Fung WY, Ng PW, Yip SP. Genetic susceptibility to refractive error: association of vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor 2 (VIPR2) with high myopia in Chinese. PLoS One 2013; 8:e61805. [PMID: 23637909 PMCID: PMC3630195 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0061805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2013] [Accepted: 03/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Myopia is the most common ocular disease worldwide. We investigated the association of high myopia with the common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of five candidate genes – early growth response 1 (EGR1), v-fos FBJ murine osteosarcoma viral oncogene homolog (FOS), jun oncogene (JUN), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), and vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor 2 (VIPR2). We recruited 1200 unrelated Chinese subjects with 600 cases (spherical equivalent ≤−8.00 diopters) and 600 controls (spherical equivalent within ±1.00 diopter). A discovery sample set was formed from 300 cases and 300 controls, and a replication sample set from the remaining samples. Tag SNPs were genotyped for the discovery sample set, and the most significant haplotypes and their constituent SNPs were followed up with the replication sample set. The allele and haplotype frequencies in cases and controls were compared by logistic regression adjusted for sex and age to give Pa values, and multiple comparisons were corrected by permutation test to give Paemp values. Odd ratios (OR) were calculated accordingly. In the discovery phase, EGR1, JUN and VIP did not show any significant association while FOS and VIPR2 demonstrated significant haplotype association with high myopia. In the replication phase, the haplotype association for VIPR2 was successfully replicated, but not FOS. In analysis combining both sample sets, the most significant association signals of VIPR2 were the single marker rs2071625 (Pa = 0.0008, Paemp = 0.0046 and OR = 0.75) and the 4-SNP haplotype window rs2071623-rs2071625-rs2730220-rs885863 (omnibus test, Pa = 9.10e-10 and Paemp = 0.0001) with one protective haplotype (GGGG: Paemp = 0.0002 and OR = 0.52) and one high-risk haplotype (GAGA: Paemp = 0.0027 and OR = 4.68). This 4-SNP haplotype window was the most significant in all sample sets examined. This is the first study to suggest a role of VIPR2 in the genetic susceptibility to high myopia. EGR1, JUN, FOS and VIP are unlikely to be important in predisposing humans to high myopia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wai Chi Yiu
- Centre for Myopia Research, School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Hawthorne FA, Young TL. Genetic contributions to myopic refractive error: Insights from human studies and supporting evidence from animal models. Exp Eye Res 2013; 114:141-9. [PMID: 23379998 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2012.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2012] [Revised: 12/13/2012] [Accepted: 12/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Genetic studies of both population-based and recruited affected patient cohorts have identified a number of genomic regions and candidate genes that may contribute to myopic development. Scientists have developed animal models of myopia, as collection of affected tissues from patents is impractical. Recent advances in whole exome sequencing technology show promise for further elucidation of disease causing variants as in the recent identification of rare variants within ZNF644 segregating with pathological myopia. We present a review of the current research trends and findings on genetic contributions to myopic refraction including candidate loci for myopic development and their genomic convergence with expression studies of animal models inducing myopic development.
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Assessment of the association of matrix metalloproteinases with myopia, refractive error and ocular biometric measures in an Australian cohort. PLoS One 2012; 7:e47181. [PMID: 23077567 PMCID: PMC3471969 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0047181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2012] [Accepted: 09/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular matrix proteins have been implicated in protein remodelling of the sclera in refractive error. The matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) falling into the collagenase (MMP1, MMP8, MMP13), gelatinase (MMP2, MMP9) and stromelysin (MMP3, MMP10, MMP11) functional groups are particularly important. We wished to assess their association with myopia, refractive error and ocular biometric measures in an Australian cohort. A total of 543 unrelated individuals of Caucasian ethnicity were genotyped including 269 myopes (≤−1.0D) and 274 controls (>−1.0D). Tag single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (n = 53) were chosen to encompass these eight MMPs. Association tests were performed using linear and logistic regression analysis with age and gender as covariates. Spherical equivalent, myopia, axial length, anterior chamber depth and corneal curvature were the phenotypes of interest. Initial findings indicated that the best p values for each trait were 0.02 for myopia at rs2274755 (MMP9), 0.02 for SE at both rs3740938 (MMP8) and rs131451 (MMP11), 0.01 for axial length at rs11225395 (MMP8), 0.01 for anterior chamber depth at rs498186 (MMP1) and 0.02 at rs10488 (MMP1). However, following correction for multiple testing, none of these SNPs remained statistically significant. Our data suggests that the MMPs in the collagenase, gelatinase and stromelysin categories do not appear to be associated with myopia, refractive error or ocular biometric measures in this cohort.
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Leveziel N, Yu Y, Reynolds R, Tai A, Meng W, Caillaux V, Calvas P, Rosner B, Malecaze F, Souied EH, Seddon JM. Genetic factors for choroidal neovascularization associated with high myopia. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2012; 53:5004-9. [PMID: 22678500 PMCID: PMC3410690 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.12-9538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2012] [Revised: 05/15/2012] [Accepted: 06/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Nonsyndromic high myopia, defined by a refractive error greater than -6 diopters (D), is associated with an increased risk of macular choroidal neovascularization (CNV), a vision-threatening complication. The aim of this study was to investigate whether genetic factors associated with age-related macular degeneration (AMD) are related to myopic CNV. METHODS We conducted a case-control study, including 71 cases with myopic CNV and 196 myopic controls without CNV, from Creteil and Toulouse, France, and Boston, MA. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from 15 genes reported to be related to AMD were selected for association testing in this study. RESULTS In univariate analysis, the rs10033900 SNP located in CFI was associated with myopic CNV (P = 0.0011), and a SNP in APOE was also related (P = 0.041). After adjustment for age, sex, and degree of myopia, SNPs in three genes were significantly associated, including CFI (odds ratio [OR] 2.1, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.3-3.37, P = 0.0023), COL8A1 (OR 1.88, 95% CI 1.18-2.98, P = 0.0076), and CFH (OR 1.65, 95% CI 1.02-2.66, P = 0.04). After correction for multiple testing, only CFI remained significantly related to high myopic CNV (P = 0.045). CONCLUSIONS We report the first genetic associations with choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in a high myopic Caucasian population. One SNP (rs10033900) in the CFI gene, which encodes a protein involved in the inflammatory pathway, was significantly associated with myopic CNV in multivariate analysis after correction for multiple testing. This SNP is a plausible biological marker associated with CNV outgrowth among high myopic patients. Results generate hypotheses about potential loci related to CNV in high myopia, and larger studies are needed to expand on these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Leveziel
- From the Faculté de Médecine Henri Mondor, Department of Ophthalmology, APHP (Assistance Publique Hôpitaux Paris), Groupe Hospitalier Albert Chenevier-Henri Mondor, University Paris Est, Creteil, France
- Department of Ophthalmology, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Creteil, France
- Ophthalmic Epidemiology and Genetics Service, Department of Ophthalmology, and
| | - Yi Yu
- Ophthalmic Epidemiology and Genetics Service, Department of Ophthalmology, and
| | - Robyn Reynolds
- Ophthalmic Epidemiology and Genetics Service, Department of Ophthalmology, and
| | - Albert Tai
- Department of Pathology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Weihua Meng
- INSERM U563, Purpan Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | - Violaine Caillaux
- Department of Ophthalmology, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Creteil, France
| | | | | | | | - Eric H. Souied
- From the Faculté de Médecine Henri Mondor, Department of Ophthalmology, APHP (Assistance Publique Hôpitaux Paris), Groupe Hospitalier Albert Chenevier-Henri Mondor, University Paris Est, Creteil, France
- Department of Ophthalmology, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Creteil, France
| | - Johanna M. Seddon
- Ophthalmic Epidemiology and Genetics Service, Department of Ophthalmology, and
- Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
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Zhou X, Ji F, An J, Zhao F, Shi F, Huang F, Li Y, Jiao S, Yan D, Chen X, Chen J, Qu J. Experimental murine myopia induces collagen type Iα1 (COL1A1) DNA methylation and altered COL1A1 messenger RNA expression in sclera. Mol Vis 2012; 18:1312-24. [PMID: 22690110 PMCID: PMC3369898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2012] [Accepted: 05/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate whether myopia development is associated with changes of scleral DNA methylation in cytosine-phosphate-guanine (CpG) sites in the collagen 1A1 (COL1A1) promoter and messenger RNA (mRNA) levels following murine form deprivation myopia. METHODS Fifty-seven C57BL/6 mice (postnatal day 23) were randomly assigned to four groups: (1) monocular form deprivation (MD) in which a diffuser lens was placed over one eye for 28 days; (2) normal controls without MD; (3) MD recovery in which the diffuser lens was removed for seven days; and (4) MD recovery normal controls. The DNA methylation pattern in COL1A1 promoter and exon 1 was determined by bisulfite DNA sequencing, and the COL1A1 mRNA level in sclera was determined by quantitative PCR. RESULTS MD was found to induce myopia in the treated eyes. Six CpG sites in the promoter and exon 1 region of COL1A1 were methylated with significantly higher frequency in the treated eyes than normal control eyes (p<0.05), with CpG island methylation in MD-contralateral eyes being intermediate. Consistent with the CpG methylation, scleral COL1A1 mRNA was reduced by 57% in the MD-treated eyes compared to normal controls (p<0.05). After seven days of MD recovery, CpG methylation was significantly reduced (p=0.01). The methylation patterns returned to near normal level in five CpG sites, but the sixth was hypomethylated compared to normal controls. CONCLUSIONS In parallel with the development of myopia and the reduced COL1A1 mRNA, the frequency of methylation in CpG sites of the COL1A1 promoter/exon 1 increased during MD and returned to near normal during recovery. Thus, hypermethylation of CpG sites in the promoter/exon 1 of COL1A1 may underlie reduced collagen synthesis at the transcriptional level in myopic scleras.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangtian Zhou
- School of Optometry & Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China,State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base and Key Laboratory of Vision Science, Ministry of Health P.R. China and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fengtao Ji
- School of Optometry & Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China,State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base and Key Laboratory of Vision Science, Ministry of Health P.R. China and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianhong An
- School of Optometry & Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China,State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base and Key Laboratory of Vision Science, Ministry of Health P.R. China and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fuxin Zhao
- School of Optometry & Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China,State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base and Key Laboratory of Vision Science, Ministry of Health P.R. China and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fanjun Shi
- School of Optometry & Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China,State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base and Key Laboratory of Vision Science, Ministry of Health P.R. China and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Furong Huang
- School of Optometry & Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China,State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base and Key Laboratory of Vision Science, Ministry of Health P.R. China and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuan Li
- School of Optometry & Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China,State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base and Key Laboratory of Vision Science, Ministry of Health P.R. China and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shiming Jiao
- School of Optometry & Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China,State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base and Key Laboratory of Vision Science, Ministry of Health P.R. China and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dongsheng Yan
- School of Optometry & Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China,State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base and Key Laboratory of Vision Science, Ministry of Health P.R. China and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoyan Chen
- School of Optometry & Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China,State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base and Key Laboratory of Vision Science, Ministry of Health P.R. China and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - JiangFan Chen
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base and Key Laboratory of Vision Science, Ministry of Health P.R. China and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China,Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Jia Qu
- School of Optometry & Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China,State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base and Key Laboratory of Vision Science, Ministry of Health P.R. China and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Abstract
Myopia has emerged as a major health issue in east Asia, because of its increasingly high prevalence in the past few decades (now 80-90% in school-leavers), and because of the sight-threatening pathologies associated with high myopia, which now affects 10-20% of those completing secondary schooling in this part of the world. Similar, but less marked, changes are occurring in other parts of the world. The higher prevalence of myopia in east Asian cities seems to be associated with increasing educational pressures, combined with life-style changes, which have reduced the time children spend outside. There are no reported major genes for school myopia, although there are several genes associated with high myopia. Any genetic contribution to ethnic differences may be small. However, to what extent many genes of small effect and gene-environment interactions contribute to variations in school myopia within populations remains to be established. There are promising optical and pharmacological interventions for preventing the development of myopia or slowing its progression, which require further validation, and promising vision-sparing treatments for pathological myopia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian G Morgan
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Vision Science, Research School of Biology, College of Medicine, Biology and Environment, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia.
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Tran-Viet KN, St.Germain E, Soler V, Powell C, Lim SH, Klemm T, Saw SM, Young TL. Study of a US cohort supports the role of ZNF644 and high-grade myopia susceptibility. Mol Vis 2012; 18:937-44. [PMID: 22539872 PMCID: PMC3335780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2012] [Accepted: 04/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Myopia, or nearsightedness, is highly prevalent in Asian countries and is considered a serious public health issue globally. High-grade myopia can predispose individuals to myopic maculopathy, premature cataracts, retinal detachment, and glaucoma. A recent study implicated zinc finger protein 644 isoform 1 (ZNF644) variants with non-syndromic high-grade myopia in a Chinese-Asian population. Herein we focused on investigating the role for ZNF644 variants in high-grade myopia in a United States (US) cohort. METHODS DNA from a case cohort of 131 subject participants diagnosed with high-grade myopia was screened for ZNF644 variants. Spherical refractive error of -≤-6.00 diopters (D) in at least one eye was defined as affected. All coding, intron/exon boundaries were screened using Sanger sequencing. Single nucleotide allele frequencies were determined by screening 672 ethnically matched controls. RESULTS Sequencing analysis did not detect previously reported mutations. However, our analysis identified 2 novel single nucleotide variants (c.725C>T, c.821A>T) in 2 high-grade myopia individuals- one Caucasian and one African American, respectively. These variants were not found in normal controls. A rare variant - dbsSNP132 (rs12117237→c.2119A>G) - with a minor allele frequency of 0.2% was present in 6 additional cases, but was also present in 5 controls. CONCLUSIONS Our study has identified two novel variants in ZNF644 associated with high-grade myopia in a US cohort. Our results suggest that ZNF644 may play a role in myopia development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Vincent Soler
- UMRS 563, Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Caldwell Powell
- The Center for Human Genetics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Sing-Hui Lim
- The Center for Human Genetics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
- Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School, Singapore
| | - Thomas Klemm
- Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School, Singapore
| | - Seang Mei Saw
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School, Singapore
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore
| | - Terri L. Young
- The Center for Human Genetics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
- Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School, Singapore
- The Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University Eye Center, Durham, NC
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29
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Zhang D, Shi Y, Gong B, He F, Lu F, Lin H, Wu Z, Cheng J, Chen B, Liao S, Ma S, Hu J, Yang Z. An association study of the COL1A1 gene and high myopia in a Han Chinese population. Mol Vis 2011; 17:3379-83. [PMID: 22219633 PMCID: PMC3247168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2011] [Accepted: 12/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the collagen type I (COL1A1) gene have been shown to be significantly associated with high myopia in a Japanese population. This present study was conducted to investigate whether COL1A1 is associated with high myopia in a Han Chinese population. METHODS High myopia is defined by a spherical equivalent of less than or equal to -6.00 diopter sphere and an axial length longer than or equal to 26.0 mm in the affected eye. We genotyped rs2075555 and rs2269336 SNPs in COL1A1 in a Ha n Chinese group composed of 697 high myopia patients and 762 normal controls. RESULTS Neither of the two SNPs showed significant association with high myopia (p(allelic)=0.252 for rs2075555, and p(allelic)=0.699 for rs2269336). CONCLUSIONS Our study revealed that SNPs in COL1A1 are not significantly associated with high myopia in the Han Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingding Zhang
- Sichuan Key Laboratory for Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, Sichuan, China,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, Sichuan, China
| | - Yi Shi
- Sichuan Key Laboratory for Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, Sichuan, China,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, Sichuan, China
| | - Bo Gong
- Sichuan Key Laboratory for Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, Sichuan, China,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, Sichuan, China
| | - Fei He
- Sichuan Key Laboratory for Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, Sichuan, China,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, Sichuan, China
| | - Fang Lu
- Sichuan Key Laboratory for Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, Sichuan, China,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, Sichuan, China
| | - He Lin
- Sichuan Key Laboratory for Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, Sichuan, China,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhengzheng Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, Sichuan, China
| | - Jing Cheng
- Sichuan Key Laboratory for Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, Sichuan, China,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, Sichuan, China
| | - Bin Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, Sichuan, China
| | - Shihuang Liao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, Sichuan, China
| | - Shi Ma
- Sichuan Key Laboratory for Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, Sichuan, China,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, Sichuan, China
| | - Jianbin Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhenglin Yang
- Sichuan Key Laboratory for Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, Sichuan, China,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, Sichuan, China
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30
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Wang Q, Gao Y, Wang P, Li S, Jia X, Xiao X, Guo X, Zhang Q. Replication study of significant single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with myopia from two genome-wide association studies. Mol Vis 2011; 17:3290-9. [PMID: 22194655 PMCID: PMC3244484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2011] [Accepted: 12/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Two previous genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of high myopia in a Japanese population found several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with the disease. The present study examined whether these markers are associated with myopia in a Chinese population. METHODS Individuals with or without complex myopia were recruited from Chinese university students, and probands with early onset high myopia were identified in the Pediatric and Genetic Eye Clinic of the Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center. DNA was prepared from venous leukocytes. Three SNPs, rs577948 and rs11218544 at chromosome position 11q24.1 and rs2839471 at chromosome position 21q22.3, were genotyped. The allele and genotype frequencies of these SNPs were compared between the myopia cases and controls using a χ(2) test. RESULTS A total of 2,870 subjects were examined in this study, including 1,255 individuals with complex myopia (-10.00 diopter (D)<spherical refraction≤-4.00 D), 563 with early onset high myopia (spherical refraction≤-6.00 D), and 1,052 healthy controls (-0.50 D≤spherical equivalent≤ +2.00 D). There were no statistically significant differences found for the genotype or allele frequencies of the three SNPs between the myopia cases and controls in the Chinese population under study. CONCLUSIONS We did not find evidence for the association of myopia with rs577948, rs11218544, or rs2839471 in the Chinese population studied.
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Rydzanicz M, Nowak DM, Karolak JA, Frajdenberg A, Podfigurna-Musielak M, Mrugacz M, Gajecka M. IGF-1 gene polymorphisms in Polish families with high-grade myopia. Mol Vis 2011; 17:2428-39. [PMID: 21976954 PMCID: PMC3185023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2011] [Accepted: 09/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Recent work has suggested that insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) gene polymorphisms are genetically linked with high-grade myopia (HM), which is a complex-trait eye disorder in which numerous candidate loci and genes are thought to play a role. We investigated whether the IGF-1 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs6214, rs10860860, and rs2946834 are associated with HM (≤-6.0 diopters [D]) and any myopia (≤-0.5 D) phenotype in Polish families. METHODS Forty-two multiplex HM Polish families, of whom 127 had HM, participated in the study. All of the family members (n=306) underwent a detailed ophthalmic examination, including axial length measurements. The IGF-1 SNPs rs6214, rs10860860, and rs2946834 were evaluated by PCR-RFLP and direct sequencing methods. Both Family-Based Association Test (FBAT) and family-based Pedigree Disequilibrium Test (PDT) were used to examine the potential association of the IGF-1 SNPs rs6214, rs10860860, and rs2946834 with HM or any myopia. To determine the distribution of the HM-associated SNPs rs6214 and rs10860860, 543 unrelated individuals from the general Polish population were also analyzed. RESULTS We found no significant association between the IGF-1 SNPs rs6214, rs10860860, and rs2946834 and HM or any myopia phenotype in Polish HM families. In the general Polish population, the minor allele frequencies of the SNPs rs6214 and rs10860860 did not deviate significantly from the distribution reported for European populations (p=0.629). In the FBAT analysis under the dominant model, the haplotype consisted of T allele of rs10860860, with C allele of rs2946834 of IGF-1 was found less frequently transmitted to HM individuals (p=0.0065), pointing to a nonassociated or protective haplotype. CONCLUSIONS Our results do not support recent studies reporting an association of the SNPs rs6214, rs10860860, and rs2946834 in the IGF-1 gene with HM and any myopia phenotypes. Further replication studies involving other populations are needed to investigate the possible role of IGF-1 as a potential myopia candidate gene.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dorota M. Nowak
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | | | - Agata Frajdenberg
- Namsos Hospital, Department of Ophthalmology, Namsos, Norway,University Hospital in Linköping, Department of Ophthalmology, Linköping, Sweden
| | | | - Malgorzata Mrugacz
- Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology, University of Medical Sciences, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Marzena Gajecka
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
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Mutti DO, Cooper ME, Dragan E, Jones-Jordan LA, Bailey MD, Marazita ML, Murray JC, Zadnik K. Vitamin D receptor (VDR) and group-specific component (GC, vitamin D-binding protein) polymorphisms in myopia. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2011; 52:3818-24. [PMID: 21357399 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.10-6534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Epidemiologic evidence indicates that time outdoors reduces the risk of myopia, suggesting a possible role for vitamin D. This case-control study was conducted to determine whether single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within VDR at 12q13.11 and GC at 4q12-13 are associated with myopia. METHODS The primary analysis was conducted on 81 white adult control subjects between 18 and 50 years of age with a spherical equivalent refractive error between +0.50 and +2.00 D in both eyes and less than 1.50 D of astigmatism. Affected myopic subjects were 289 unrelated white adults at least 18 years of age with at least -0.75 D myopia in both principal meridians of both eyes. RESULTS One SNP within VDR was significantly associated with myopia in the multivariate analysis of the primary sample (rs2853559: odds ratio = 1.99, P = 0.003). In a subsample of less severely myopic white subjects between -0.75 and -4.00 D, three SNPs within VDR were significantly associated in a multivariate model after adjustment for multiple comparisons (rs2239182: odds ratio = 2.17, P = 0.007; rs3819545: odds ratio = 2.34, P = 0.003; rs2853559: odds ratio = 2.14, P = 0.0035), accounting for 12% of model variance over age alone. CONCLUSIONS Polymorphisms within VDR appear to be associated with low to moderate amounts of myopia in white subjects. Future studies should determine whether this finding can be replicated and should explore the biological significance of these variations with respect to myopia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald O Mutti
- College of Optometry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210-1280, USA.
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33
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Yip SP, Leung KH, Fung WY, Ng PW, Sham PC, Yap MK. A DNA pooling-based case-control study of myopia candidate genes COL11A1, COL18A1, FBN1, and PLOD1 in a Chinese population. Mol Vis 2011; 17:810-21. [PMID: 21527992 PMCID: PMC3081793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2011] [Accepted: 03/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE We examined the relationship between high myopia and common polymorphisms in four candidate genes: collagen, type XI, alpha 1 (COL11A1); collagen, type XVIII, alpha 1 (COL18A1); fibrillin 1 (FBN1); and procollagen-lysine 1,2-oxoglutarate 5-dioxygenase 1 (PLOD1). These genes were selected because rare pathogenic mutations in these genes cause disease syndromes that have myopia, usually high myopia, as one of the common presenting features. METHODS This study recruited 600 unrelated Han Chinese subjects including 300 cases with high myopia (spherical equivalent or SE≤-8.00 diopters) and 300 controls (SE within ±1.00 diopter). A total of 66 tag single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were selected for study from these four candidate genes. The study adopted a DNA pooling strategy with an initial screen of DNA pools to identify putatively positive SNPs and then confirmed the "positive" SNPs by genotyping individual samples forming the original DNA pools. DNA pools were each constructed by mixing equal amounts of DNA from 50 individuals with the same phenotype status. Six case pools were prepared from 300 cases and six control pools from 300 controls. Allele frequencies of DNA pools were estimated by analyzing the primer-extended products with denaturing high performance liquid chromatography and compared between case pools and control pools with nested ANOVA. RESULTS In the first stage, 60 SNPs from the 4 candidate genes were successfully screened using the DNA pooling approach. Of these, 6 SNPs showed a statistical significant difference in estimated allele frequencies between case pools and controls at p<0.10. In the second stage, these "positive" SNPs were followed up by individual genotyping, but failed to be confirmed via standard single-marker and haplotype analyses. CONCLUSIONS Common polymorphisms in these four candidate genes (COL11A1, COL18A1, FBN1 and PLOD1) were unlikely to play important roles in the genetic susceptibility to high myopia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shea Ping Yip
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kim Hung Leung
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wai Yan Fung
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Po Wah Ng
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China,Centre for Myopia Research, School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Pak Chung Sham
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Maurice K.H. Yap
- Centre for Myopia Research, School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Abstract
The refractive errors, myopia and hyperopia, are optical defects of the visual system that can cause blurred vision. Uncorrected refractive errors are the most common causes of visual impairment worldwide. It is estimated that 2.5 billion people will be affected by myopia alone within the next decade. Experimental, epidemiological and clinical research has shown that refractive development is influenced by both environmental and genetic factors. Animal models have showed that eye growth and refractive maturation during infancy are tightly regulated by visually guided mechanisms. Observational data in human populations provide compelling evidence that environmental influences and individual behavioral factors play crucial roles in myopia susceptibility. Nevertheless, the majority of the variance of refractive error within populations is thought to be because of hereditary factors. Genetic linkage studies have mapped two dozen loci, while association studies have implicated more than 25 different genes in refractive variation. Many of these genes are involved in common biological pathways known to mediate extracellular matrix (ECM) composition and regulate connective tissue remodeling. Other associated genomic regions suggest novel mechanisms in the etiology of human myopia, such as mitochondrial-mediated cell death or photoreceptor-mediated visual signal transmission. Taken together, observational and experimental studies have revealed the complex nature of human refractive variation, which likely involves variants in several genes and functional pathways. Multiway interactions between genes and/or environmental factors may also be important in determining individual risks of myopia, and may help explain the complex pattern of refractive error in human populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Wojciechowski
- Statistical Genetics Section, Inherited Disease Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute/NIH, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
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Relationships between COL2A1 gene polymorphisms and knee osteoarthritis in Han Chinese women. Mol Biol Rep 2010; 38:2377-81. [PMID: 21088911 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-010-0371-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2010] [Accepted: 11/04/2010] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the relationships between two COL2A1 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs; T2088C and G4006A) and osteoarthritis (OA) in Han Chinese women. One hundred and twenty OA women and 120 control women were recruited. Genomic DNA was extracted from the whole blood. The COL2A1 polymorphisms T2088C and G4006A were analyzed by TaqMan assay. The levels of plasma N-propetide of type IIA collagen (PIIANP) and urinary C-telopeptide of type IIA collagen (CTX-II) were determined by ELISA. The level of plasma PIIANP significantly decreased in the OA group, compared with that in the control group (P<0.05), with 15.6±4.2 ng/ml (Mean±SD) in the OA group and 30.2±7.8 ng/ml in the control group. The level of urinary CTX-II significantly increased in the OA group, compared with that in the control group (P<0.05), with 201.4±10.2 ng/ml in the control group and 250.8±15.6 ng/ml in the OA group. There was no difference in the T2088C genotypes between the OA and control groups. The G4006A AA homozygous genotype significantly increased in the OA patients, when compared with that in the control women (P<0.05, χ2), with 24.2% (29/120) in the OA group and 10.0% (12/120) in the control group; The A allele accounted for 49.2% (118/240) in the OA group and 35.8% (86/240) in the control group. Among the G4006A genotypes, the plasma PIIANP level of the AA genotype (16.4±6.6 ng/ml) was significantly lower than those of the GG genotype (28.6±4.2 ng/ml) and GA genotype (21.5±8.0 ng/ml) while the urinary CTX-II level of the AA genotype (255.2±18.4 ng/ml) significantly increased, compared with those of the GG genotype (218.4±13.2 ng/ml) and GA genotype (221.2±15.6 ng/ml). The haplotype analysis shows that T-G was a protective factor for OA and that T-A was a risk factor. The AA genotype, A allele and T-A may increase the risk of OA in the Han Chinese women while T-G may protect these women from OA.
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Baird PN, Schäche M, Dirani M. The GEnes in Myopia (GEM) study in understanding the aetiology of refractive errors. Prog Retin Eye Res 2010; 29:520-42. [PMID: 20576483 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2010.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Refractive errors represent the leading cause of correctable vision impairment and blindness in the world with an estimated 2 billion people affected. Refractive error refers to a group of refractive conditions including hypermetropia, myopia, astigmatism and presbyopia but relatively little is known about their aetiology. In order to explore the potential role of genetic determinants in refractive error the "GEnes in Myopia (GEM) study" was established in 2004. The findings that have resulted from this study have not only provided greater insight into the role of genes and other factors involved in myopia but have also gone some way to uncovering the aetiology of other refractive errors. This review will describe some of the major findings of the GEM study and their relative contribution to the literature, illuminate where the deficiencies are in our understanding of the development of refractive errors and how we will advance this field in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul N Baird
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, University of Melbourne, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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Xu X, Li S, Xiao X, Wang P, Guo X, Zhang Q. Sequence variations of GRM6 in patients with high myopia. Mol Vis 2009; 15:2094-100. [PMID: 19862333 PMCID: PMC2765235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2009] [Accepted: 10/14/2009] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Mutations in the glutamate receptor metabotropic 6 gene (GRM6) have been identified in patients with congenital stationary night blindness (CSNB1B). High myopia is usually observed in CSNB1B patients. This study tested if any mutations in GRM6 were solely responsible for high myopia. METHODS DNA was prepared from the venous leukocytes of 96 Chinese patients with high myopia (refraction of spherical equivalent of at least -6.00 diopters [D]) and 96 controls (refraction of spherical equivalent between -0.50 D and +2.00 D with normal visual acuity). The coding regions and adjacent intronic sequence of GRM6 were amplified by a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and then analyzed by cycle sequencing. Detected variations were evaluated in normal controls by heteroduplex-single-strand-conformation (SSCP) polymorphism analysis or restriction fragment polymorphism (RFLP). RESULTS Four novel variations predicted to have potential functional changes were identified: c.67-82delCAGGCGGGCCTGGCGCinsT (p.Gln23_Arg28delinsCys), c.858-5a>g (r.spl?), c.1172G>A (p.Arg391Gln), and c.1537G>A (p.Val513Met). Except for c.1172G>A, the other three were not detected in the 96 controls. In addition, five rare variations-(c.72G>A, c.504+10g>t, c.726-50g>c, c.1359C>T, and c.1383C>T)-and one common variation (c.2437-6g>a) without predicted functional consequences and nine known single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were also detected. CONCLUSION Three novel variations with potential functional consequences were identified in the GRM6 of patients with high myopia, suggesting a potential role in the development of myopia in rare cases.
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