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Nishida T, Moghimi S, Gunasegaran G, Walker E, Wu JH, Rahmatnejad K, Zangwill LM, Baxter SL, Weinreb RN. Association between metformin use with circumpapillary retinal nerve fibre layer thickness and capillary vessel density in glaucoma. Br J Ophthalmol 2024:bjo-2023-325035. [PMID: 38839252 DOI: 10.1136/bjo-2023-325035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS To investigate the association between use of metformin and circumpapillary retinal nerve fibre layer (cpRNFL) thickness, as well as whole image capillary density (wiCD), in patients with glaucoma. METHODS This cross-sectional study included patients with glaucoma suspect or primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) underwent optical coherence tomography angiography imaging. Use and duration of antidiabetic medications were assessed at the time of imaging. Multivariable linear mixed-effect modelling was used to estimate the effect of diabetes medication on wiCD and cpRNFL while controlling for covariates including age, race, body mass index, diagnosis, 24-2 visual field mean deviation, and intraocular pressure, average signal strength index as well as any variables that showed a p <0.1 in the univariable analysis. RESULTS A total of 577 eyes (330 POAG and 247 glaucoma suspect) of 346 patients were included. Sixty-five patients (23%) had diabetes, of whom 55 (78.5%) used metformin, and 17 (26.2%) used insulin. After adjusting for covariates, the association between metformin use and wiCD (1.56 (95% CI 0.40 to 2.71); p=0.008), duration of metformin use and wiCD (0.12 (95% CI 0.02 to 0.22) per 1 year longer; p=0.037), and metformin use and cpRNFL thickness (5.17 (95% CI 1.24 to 9.10) µm; p=0.010) had statistically significant associations in each model. CONCLUSIONS Metformin use was associated with higher wiCD and thicker cpRNFL. These findings indicate a potential association, underscoring the need for longitudinal studies to determine if metformin plays a role in the retinal conditions of patients with glaucoma. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT00221897.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Nishida
- Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Sasan Moghimi
- Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Gopikasree Gunasegaran
- Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Evan Walker
- Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Jo-Hsuan Wu
- Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Kamran Rahmatnejad
- Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Linda M Zangwill
- Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Sally L Baxter
- Division of Ophthalmology Informatics and Data Science and Hamilton Glaucoma Center, Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology and Shiley Eye Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Robert N Weinreb
- Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
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2
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Kakoti BB, Alom S, Deka K, Halder RK. AMPK pathway: an emerging target to control diabetes mellitus and its related complications. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2024; 23:441-459. [PMID: 38932895 PMCID: PMC11196491 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-024-01420-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Purpose In this extensive review work, the important role of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in causing of diabetes mellitus has been highlighted. Structural feature of AMPK as well its regulations and roles are described nicely, and the association of AMPK with the diabetic complications like nephropathy, neuropathy and retinopathy are also explained along with the connection between AMPK and β-cell function, insulin resistivity, mTOR, protein metabolism, autophagy and mitophagy and effect on protein and lipid metabolism. Methods Published journals were searched on the database like PubMed, Medline, Scopus and Web of Science by using keywords such as AMPK, diabetes mellitus, regulation of AMPK, complications of diabetes mellitus, autophagy, apoptosis etc. Result After extensive review, it has been found that, kinase enzyme like AMPK is having vital role in management of type II diabetes mellitus. AMPK involve in enhance the concentration of glucose transporter like GLUT 1 and GLUT 4 which result in lowering of blood glucose level in influx of blood glucose into the cells; AMPK increases the insulin sensitivity and decreases the insulin resistance and further AMPK decreases the apoptosis of β-cells which result into secretion of insulin and AMPK is also involve in declining of oxidative stress, lipotoxicity and inflammation, owing to which organ damage due to diabetes mellitus can be lowered by activation of AMPK. Conclusion As AMPK activation leads to overall control of diabetes mellitus, designing and developing of small molecules or peptide that can act as AMPK agonist will be highly beneficial for control or manage diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bibhuti B. Kakoti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, 786004 Dibrugarh, Assam India
| | - Shahnaz Alom
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, 786004 Dibrugarh, Assam India
- Department of Pharmacology, Girijananda Chowdhury Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Girijananda Chowdhury University- Tezpur campus, 784501 Sonitpur, Assam India
| | - Kangkan Deka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, 786004 Dibrugarh, Assam India
- Department of Pharmacognosy, NETES Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, NEMCARE Group of Institutions, 781125 Mirza, Kamrup, Assam India
| | - Raj Kumar Halder
- Ruhvenile Biomedical, Plot -8 OCF Pocket Institution, Sarita Vihar, 110076 Delhi, India
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3
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Daka Q, Neziri B, Lindner E, Azuara Blanco A. Metformin in Glaucoma Treatment. J Glaucoma 2024; 33:387-393. [PMID: 38536124 DOI: 10.1097/ijg.0000000000002387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
PRCIS Rigorous trials are essential to develop comprehensive treatment strategies that fully exploit the therapeutic potential of metformin in the treatment of glaucoma. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to evaluate the potentially beneficial effect of metformin on glaucoma risk factors and to investigate the underlying mechanisms. The aim is to contribute to the development of new treatment strategies for glaucoma. METHODS We searched for studies that assessed the effects of metformin on glaucoma risk factors and the associated underlying mechanisms. Our search included electronic databases such as PUBMED, EMBASE, and clinicaltrials.gov. RESULTS Unfortunately, we did not find any clinical trials that specifically investigated the impact of metformin on glaucoma. However, data from experimental studies demonstrated the capability of metformin to modulate various pathways that could contribute to neuroprotection in glaucoma. CONCLUSION In order to develop comprehensive treatment strategies that fully exploit the therapeutic potential of metformin in the treatment of glaucoma, rigorous trials are essential. These studies are necessary to demonstrate both the safety and efficacy of metformin in the context of glaucoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qëndresë Daka
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical Faculty, University of Prishtina, Prishtinë, Kosovo
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Clinical Centre of Kosova, Prishtinë, Kosovo
| | - Burim Neziri
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical Faculty, University of Prishtina, Prishtinë, Kosovo
| | - Ewald Lindner
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of Granz, Auenbruggerplatz, Granz, Austria
| | - Augusto Azuara Blanco
- Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University, Belfast, UK
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4
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Shukal DK, Malaviya PB, Sharma T. Role of the AMPK signalling pathway in the aetiopathogenesis of ocular diseases. Hum Exp Toxicol 2022; 41:9603271211063165. [PMID: 35196887 DOI: 10.1177/09603271211063165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) plays a precise role as a master regulator of cellular energy homeostasis. AMPK is activated in response to the signalling cues that exhaust cellular ATP levels such as hypoxia, ischaemia, glucose depletion and heat shock. As a central regulator of both lipid and glucose metabolism, AMPK is considered to be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of various diseases, including eye disorders. OBJECTIVE To review all the shreds of evidence concerning the role of the AMPK signalling pathway in the pathogenesis of ocular diseases. METHOD Scientific data search and review of available information evaluating the influence of AMPK signalling on ocular diseases. RESULTS Review highlights the significance of AMPK signalling in the aetiopathogenesis of ocular diseases, including cataract, glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, retinoblastoma, age-related macular degeneration, corneal diseases, etc. The review also provides the information on the AMPK-associated pathways with reference to ocular disease, which includes mitochondrial biogenesis, autophagy and regulation of inflammatory response. CONCLUSION The study concludes the role of AMPK in ocular diseases. There is growing interest in the therapeutic utilization of the AMPK pathway for ocular disease treatment. Furthermore, inhibition of AMPK signalling might represent more pertinent strategy than AMPK activation for ocular disease treatment. Such information will guide the development of more effective AMPK modulators for ocular diseases.[Formula: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhaval K Shukal
- 534329Iladevi Cataract and IOL Research Centre, Memnagar, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India.,76793Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Pooja B Malaviya
- 534329Iladevi Cataract and IOL Research Centre, Memnagar, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India.,76793Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Tusha Sharma
- 534329Iladevi Cataract and IOL Research Centre, Memnagar, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
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5
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Kumar N. Commentary - Association of metformin use among diabetics and the incidence of primary open-angle glaucoma - The Chennai Eye Disease Incidence Study. Indian J Ophthalmol 2021; 69:3339-3340. [PMID: 34708801 PMCID: PMC8725086 DOI: 10.4103/ijo.ijo_1963_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nitin Kumar
- Department of Ophthalmology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bilaspur, Himachal Pradesh, India
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6
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George R, Asokan R, Vijaya L. Association of metformin use among diabetics and the incidence of primary open-angle glaucoma - The Chennai Eye Disease Incidence Study. Indian J Ophthalmol 2021; 69:3336-3338. [PMID: 34708800 PMCID: PMC8725087 DOI: 10.4103/ijo.ijo_1486_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Studies have reported the usage of metformin being associated with the reduced risk of progression of glaucoma. The current study aims to determine the association of metformin usage among subjects with diabetes mellitus and the six-year incidence of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). Methods In this prospective cohort study, subjects who did not have glaucoma at the baseline and had a follow-up after a six-year interval were included. Details such as medical and drug history, applanation tonometry, gonioscopy, pachymetry, optic disc evaluation, and automated perimetry were collected. Incident POAG was defined as subjects who do not have glaucoma at baseline and developed glaucoma as classified International Society of Geographical and Epidemiological Ophthalmology Classification at the follow-up. The association between the subjects who were on metformin for treatment of diabetes mellitus and development of incident POAG was assessed. Results Among the 4302 eligible participants, 128 (3%) had incident POAG. There were 905 (21.0%) subjects who had diabetes mellitus of which 142 (15.7%) were using metformin. Of the subjects with POAG, 92 (71.9%) were nondiabetics and 36 were diabetics (28.1%). Among the diabetics, the incidence of POAG among those on metformin was 5.6% (8 participants) and those not on metformin was 3.6% (28 participants). There was no difference in the incidence of POAG in subjects with diabetes mellitus, with and without metformin use (P = 0.25). Logistic regression showed no association of metformin use with the incidence of POAG (OR: 1.33, 95 CI: 0.58-3.04, P = 0.49) after adjusting for age, gender, and place of residence. Conclusion The current study did not find any association between the effects of metformin on the incidence of POAG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronnie George
- Glaucoma Services, Medical Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Rashima Asokan
- Glaucoma Services, Medical Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Lingam Vijaya
- Glaucoma Services, Medical Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
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7
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Hurley DJ, Irnaten M, O’Brien C. Metformin and Glaucoma-Review of Anti-Fibrotic Processes and Bioenergetics. Cells 2021; 10:cells10082131. [PMID: 34440899 PMCID: PMC8394782 DOI: 10.3390/cells10082131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness globally. With an aging population, disease incidence will rise with an enormous societal and economic burden. The treatment strategy revolves around targeting intraocular pressure, the principle modifiable risk factor, to slow progression of disease. However, there is a clear unmet clinical need to find a novel therapeutic approach that targets and halts the retinal ganglion cell (RGC) degeneration that occurs with fibrosis. RGCs are highly sensitive to metabolic fluctuations as a result of multiple stressors and thus their viability depends on healthy mitochondrial functioning. Metformin, known for its use in type 2 diabetes, has come to the forefront of medical research in multiple organ systems. Its use was recently associated with a 25% reduced risk of glaucoma in a large population study. Here, we discuss its application to glaucoma therapy, highlighting its effect on fibrotic signalling pathways, mitochondrial bioenergetics and NAD oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daire J. Hurley
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Eccles Street, D07 R2WY Dublin, Ireland; (M.I.); (C.O.)
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland
- Correspondence:
| | - Mustapha Irnaten
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Eccles Street, D07 R2WY Dublin, Ireland; (M.I.); (C.O.)
| | - Colm O’Brien
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Eccles Street, D07 R2WY Dublin, Ireland; (M.I.); (C.O.)
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland
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8
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Kamel K, O'Brien CJ, Zhdanov AV, Papkovsky DB, Clark AF, Stamer WD, Irnaten M. Reduced Oxidative Phosphorylation and Increased Glycolysis in Human Glaucoma Lamina Cribrosa Cells. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2021; 61:4. [PMID: 33137197 PMCID: PMC7645202 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.61.13.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The lamina cribrosa (LC) is a key site of damage in glaucomatous optic neuropathy. We previously found that glaucoma LC cells have an increased profibrotic gene expression, with mitochondrial dysfunction in the form of decreased mitochondrial membrane potential. Altered cell bioenergetics have recently been reported in organ fibrosis and in cancer. In this study, we carried out a systematic mitochondrial bioenergetic assessment and measured markers of alternative sources of cellular energy in normal and glaucoma LC cells. Methods LC cells from three glaucoma donors and three age-matched normal controls were assessed using VICTOR X4 Perkin Elmer (Waltham, MA) plate reader with different phosphorescent and luminescent probes. adenosine triphosphate levels, oxygen consumption rate, and extracellular acidification were measured and normalized to total protein content. RNA and protein expression levels of MCT1, MCT4, MTFHD2, and GLS2 were quantified using real-time RT-PCR and Western blotting. Results Glaucoma LC cells contain significantly less adenosine triphosphate (P < .05) when supplied with either glucose or galactose. They also showed significantly diminished oxygen consumption in both basal and maximal respiration with more lactic acid contribution in ECA. Both mRNA and protein expression levels of MCT1, MCT4, MTHFD2, and GLS2 were significantly increased in glaucoma LC cells. Conclusions We demonstrate evidence of metabolic reprogramming (The Warburg effect) in glaucoma LC cells. Expression of markers of glycolysis, glutamine, and one carbon metabolism are elevated in glaucoma cells at both the mRNA and protein levels. A better understanding of bioenergetics in glaucoma may help in the development of new therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Kamel
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Colm J O'Brien
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.,School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Alexander V Zhdanov
- School of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Dmitri B Papkovsky
- School of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Abbot F Clark
- Department of Pharmacology & Neuroscience and the North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas, Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, United States
| | - W Daniel Stamer
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States
| | - Mustapha Irnaten
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
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9
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Novikova DS, Grigoreva TA, Ivanov GS, Melino G, Barlev NA, Tribulovich VG. Activating Effect of 3‐Benzylidene Oxindoles on AMPK: From Computer Simulation to High‐Content Screening. ChemMedChem 2020; 15:2521-2529. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202000579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daria S. Novikova
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology Saint Petersburg State Institute of Technology (Technical University) Moskovskii pr. 26 190013 Saint Petersburg Russia
| | - Tatyana A. Grigoreva
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology Saint Petersburg State Institute of Technology (Technical University) Moskovskii pr. 26 190013 Saint Petersburg Russia
| | - Gleb S. Ivanov
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology Saint Petersburg State Institute of Technology (Technical University) Moskovskii pr. 26 190013 Saint Petersburg Russia
- Laboratory of Regulation of Gene Expression Institute of Cytology RAS Tikhoretskii pr. 4 194064 Saint Petersburg Russia
| | - Gerry Melino
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery University of Rome Tor Vergata Via Montpellier 1 00133 Rome Italy
| | - Nickolai A. Barlev
- Laboratory of Regulation of Gene Expression Institute of Cytology RAS Tikhoretskii pr. 4 194064 Saint Petersburg Russia
| | - Vyacheslav G. Tribulovich
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology Saint Petersburg State Institute of Technology (Technical University) Moskovskii pr. 26 190013 Saint Petersburg Russia
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10
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Shrikanth CB, Nandini CD. AMPK in microvascular complications of diabetes and the beneficial effects of AMPK activators from plants. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 73:152808. [PMID: 30935723 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus is a multifactorial disorder with the risk of micro- and macro-vascular complications. High glucose-induced derangements in metabolic pathways are primarily associated with the initiation and progression of secondary complications namely, diabetic nephropathy, neuropathy, and retinopathy. Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) has emerged as an attractive therapeutic target to treat various metabolic disorders including diabetes mellitus. It is a master metabolic regulator that helps in maintaining cellular energy homeostasis by promoting ATP-generating catabolic pathways and inhibiting ATP-consuming anabolic pathways. Numerous pharmacological and plant-derived bioactive compounds that increase AMP-activated protein kinase activation has shown beneficial effects by mitigating secondary complications namely retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy. PURPOSE The purpose of this review is to highlight current knowledge on the role of AMPK and its activators from plant origin in diabetic microvascular complications. METHODS Search engines such as Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct and Web of Science are used to extract papers using relevant key words. Papers mainly focusing on the role of AMPK and AMPK activators from plant origin in diabetic nephropathy, retinopathy, and neuropathy was chosen to be highlighted. RESULTS According to results, decrease in AMPK activation during diabetes play a causative role in the pathogenesis of diabetic microvascular complications. Some of the plant-derived bioactive compounds were beneficial in restoring AMPK activity and ameliorating diabetic microvascular complications. CONCLUSION AMPK activators from plant origin are beneficial in mitigating diabetic microvascular complications. These pieces of evidence will be helpful in the development of AMPK-centric therapies to mitigate diabetic microvascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- C B Shrikanth
- Department of Molecular Nutrition, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, Karnataka 570 020, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-CFTRI campus, Mysuru, Karnataka 570 020, India
| | - C D Nandini
- Department of Molecular Nutrition, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, Karnataka 570 020, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-CFTRI campus, Mysuru, Karnataka 570 020, India.
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Effect of palmitoylethanolamide on inner retinal function in glaucoma: a randomized, single blind, crossover, clinical trial by pattern-electroretinogram. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10468. [PMID: 32591562 PMCID: PMC7320139 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67527-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is a neurodegenerative disease, our study aimed to evaluate the potential effects of Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) supplementation on RGCs function by PERG examination, and to record effects on intraocular pressure, visual field and quality of life. It was a single centre, randomized, prospective, single blind, two treatment, two period crossover study on stable glaucoma patients on topical monotherapy comparing current topical therapy alone or additioned with PEA 600 mg one tablet a day. At baseline, at 4 and at 8 months, all patients underwent to complete ophthalmic examination, pattern electroretinogram, visual field, and quality of life evaluation. 40 patients completed the study: mean age 66.6 ± 7.6 years; 21 (52.5%) male; 35 POAG (87.5%). At baseline, most patients had an early visual field defect, the IOP was well controlled. At the end of the PEA 600 mg supplementation, a significantly higher (mean 0.56 μV, 95% CI 0.30–0.73, p < 0.001) in the P50-wave amplitude was observed; in the PEA period a significantly lower IOP (− 1.6 mmHg, 95% CI − 2 to 1.2, p < 0.001) and higher quality of life scores (+ 6.7, 95% CI 4–9.9, p < 0.001) were observed. Our study is the first to show promising effects of PEA on PERG and on quality of life in glaucoma patients.
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12
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Dai Y, Amenov A, Ignatyeva N, Koschinski A, Xu H, Soong PL, Tiburcy M, Linke WA, Zaccolo M, Hasenfuss G, Zimmermann WH, Ebert A. Troponin destabilization impairs sarcomere-cytoskeleton interactions in iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes from dilated cardiomyopathy patients. Sci Rep 2020; 10:209. [PMID: 31937807 PMCID: PMC6959358 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56597-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The sarcomeric troponin-tropomyosin complex is a critical mediator of excitation-contraction coupling, sarcomeric stability and force generation. We previously reported that induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs) from patients with a dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) mutation, troponin T (TnT)-R173W, display sarcomere protein misalignment and impaired contractility. Yet it is not known how TnT mutation causes dysfunction of sarcomere microdomains and how these events contribute to misalignment of sarcomeric proteins in presence of DCM TnT-R173W. Using a human iPSC-CM model combined with CRISPR/Cas9-engineered isogenic controls, we uncovered that TnT-R173W destabilizes molecular interactions of troponin with tropomyosin, and limits binding of PKA to local sarcomere microdomains. This attenuates troponin phosphorylation and dysregulates local sarcomeric microdomains in DCM iPSC-CMs. Disrupted microdomain signaling impairs MYH7-mediated, AMPK-dependent sarcomere-cytoskeleton filament interactions and plasma membrane attachment. Small molecule-based activation of AMPK can restore TnT microdomain interactions, and partially recovers sarcomere protein misalignment as well as impaired contractility in DCM TnT-R173W iPSC-CMs. Our findings suggest a novel therapeutic direction targeting sarcomere- cytoskeleton interactions to induce sarcomere re-organization and contractile recovery in DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Dai
- Heart Center, Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, Goettingen, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Asset Amenov
- Heart Center, Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, Goettingen, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Nadezda Ignatyeva
- Heart Center, Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, Goettingen, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Koschinski
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Hang Xu
- Heart Center, Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, Goettingen, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Poh Loong Soong
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Goettingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Goettingen, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Malte Tiburcy
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Goettingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Goettingen, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang A Linke
- Heart Center, Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, Goettingen, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site, Goettingen, Germany.,Institute of Physiology II, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Manuela Zaccolo
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Gerd Hasenfuss
- Heart Center, Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, Goettingen, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Wolfram-Hubertus Zimmermann
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Goettingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Goettingen, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Antje Ebert
- Heart Center, Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, Goettingen, Germany. .,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site, Goettingen, Germany.
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13
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Saccà SC, Corazza P, Gandolfi S, Ferrari D, Sukkar S, Iorio EL, Traverso CE. Substances of Interest That Support Glaucoma Therapy. Nutrients 2019; 11:E239. [PMID: 30678262 PMCID: PMC6412416 DOI: 10.3390/nu11020239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is a multifactorial disease in which pro-apoptotic signals are directed to retinal ganglion cells. During this disease the conventional outflow pathway becomes malfunctioning. Aqueous humour builds up in the anterior chamber, leading to increased intraocular pressure. Both of these events are related to functional impairment. The knowledge of molecular mechanisms allows us to better understand the usefulness of substances that can support anti-glaucoma therapy. The goal of glaucoma therapy is not simply to lower intraocular pressure; it should also be to facilitate the survival of retinal ganglion cells, as these constitute the real target tissue in this disease, in which the visual pathway is progressively compromised. Indeed, an endothelial dysfunction syndrome affecting the endothelial cells of the trabecular meshwork occurs in both normal-tension glaucoma and high-tension glaucoma. Some substances, such as polyunsaturated fatty acids, can counteract the damage due to the molecular mechanisms - whether ischemic, oxidative, inflammatory or other - that underlie the pathogenesis of glaucoma. In this review, we consider some molecules, such as polyphenols, that can contribute, not only theoretically, to neuroprotection but which are also able to counteract the metabolic pathways that lead to glaucomatous damage. Ginkgo biloba extract, for instance, improves the blood supply to peripheral districts, including the optic nerve and retina and exerts a neuro-protective action by inhibiting apoptosis. Polyunsaturated fatty acids can protect the endothelium and polyphenols exert an anti-inflammatory action through the down-regulation of cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-6. All these substances can aid anti-glaucoma therapy by providing metabolic support for the cells involved in glaucomatous injury. Indeed, it is known that the food we eat is able to change our gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Claudio Saccà
- Ophthalmology Unit, Department of Head/Neck Pathologies, Policlinico San Martino Hospital, IRCCS Hospital-University San Martino, Viale Benedetto XV, 16132 Genoa, Italy.
| | - Paolo Corazza
- Eye Clinic, Department of Neuroscience and Sensory Organs, University of Genoa, Policlinico San Martino Hospital IRCCS Hospital-University San Martino, Viale Benedetto XV, 16132 Genoa, Italy.
| | - Stefano Gandolfi
- Ophthalmology Unit, Department of Biological, Biotechnological and Translational Sciences, University of Parma, 43121 Parma, Italy.
| | - Daniele Ferrari
- Ophthalmology Unit, Department of Head/Neck Pathologies, Policlinico San Martino Hospital, IRCCS Hospital-University San Martino, Viale Benedetto XV, 16132 Genoa, Italy.
| | - Samir Sukkar
- U.O. di Dietetica e Nutrizione Clinica, Policlinico San Martino Hospital IRCCS Hospital-University San Martino, 35122 Genoa, Italy.
| | - Eugenio Luigi Iorio
- International Observatory of Oxidative Stress, Via Paolo Grisignano 21, 84127 Salerno, Italy.
| | - Carlo Enrico Traverso
- Eye Clinic, Department of Neuroscience and Sensory Organs, University of Genoa, Policlinico San Martino Hospital IRCCS Hospital-University San Martino, Viale Benedetto XV, 16132 Genoa, Italy.
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14
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Saito Y, Chikenji T, Ozasa Y, Fujimiya M, Yamashita T, Gingery A, Iba K. PDGFR Signaling Mediates Hyperproliferation and Fibrotic Responses of Subsynovial Connective Tissue Cells in Idiopathic Carpal Tunnel Syndrome. Sci Rep 2017; 7:16192. [PMID: 29170419 PMCID: PMC5700922 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-16443-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis of the subsynovial connective tissue (SSCT) is a pathognomonic change in carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). Identification of molecular targets and anti-fibrotic therapies could provide new treatment strategies for CTS. The contribution of SSCT cells to fibrosis and the signaling pathways that initiate and aggravate fibrosis in CTS remain unknown. Here we report that platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRα) positive ( + ) cells accumulate in CTS SSCT and that the presence of fibrotic growth factor, PDGF-AA, results in increased proliferation of PDGFRα+ cells via PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Although PI3K inhibition decreased proliferation, there was no change in fibrosis-related gene expression. Indeed, protein levels of fibrosis signaling mediator TGF-β remained the same and the second messenger, Smad2/3, accumulated in the nucleus. In contrast AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation, which can be induced with metformin and AICAR inhibited proliferation, TGF-β expression, and altered cell morphology in SSCT cells. Further we show that AMPK activation by metformin reduced collagen III levels and the ratio of Collagen I to Collagen III. Both AICAR and metformin reduced F-actin and significantly reduced the fiber cross alignment. Our results suggest that PDGFRa signaling may be an important fibrosis target and that activators of AMPK, may be an important therapeutic approach for treating CTS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Saito
- Department of Anatomy, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takako Chikenji
- Department of Anatomy, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.
| | - Yasuhiro Ozasa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Mineko Fujimiya
- Department of Anatomy, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Yamashita
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Anne Gingery
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, United States
| | - Kousuke Iba
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
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15
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Pedram A, Razandi M, Narayanan R, Levin ER. Estrogen receptor beta signals to inhibition of cardiac fibrosis. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2016; 434:57-68. [PMID: 27321970 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2016.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Revised: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis evolves from the cardiac hypertrophic state. In this respect, estrogen and estrogen receptor beta (ERβ) inhibit the effects of cardiac hypertrophic peptides that also stimulate fibrosis. Here we determine details of the anti-fibrotic functions of ERβ. In acutely isolated rat cardiac fibroblasts. E2 or a specific ERβ agonist (βLGND2) blocked angiotensin II (AngII) signaling to fibrosis. This resulted from ERβ activating protein kinase A and AMP kinase, inhibiting both AngII de-phosphorylation of RhoA and the resulting stimulation of Rho kinase. Inhibition of Rho kinase from ERβ signaling resulted in marked decrease of TGFβ expression, connective tissue growth factor production and function, matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9 expression and activity, and the conversion of fibroblasts to myofibroblasts. Production of collagens I and III were also significantly decreased. Several important aspects were corroborated in-vivo from βLGND2-treated mice that underwent AngII-induced cardiac hypertrophy. Thus, ERβ in cardiac fibroblasts prevents key aspects of cardiac fibrosis development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Pedram
- Division of Endocrinology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA 90822, United States
| | - Mahnaz Razandi
- Division of Endocrinology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA 90822, United States
| | - Ramesh Narayanan
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee, Memphis, TE, 38163, United States
| | - Ellis R Levin
- Division of Endocrinology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA 90822, United States; Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92717, United States.
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16
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Scavelli K, Chatterjee A, Rhee DJ. Secreted Protein Acidic and Rich in Cysteine in Ocular Tissue. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2015; 31:396-405. [PMID: 26167673 DOI: 10.1089/jop.2015.0057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC), also known as osteonectin or BM-40, is the prototypical matricellular protein. Matricellular proteins are nonstructural secreted proteins that provide an integration between cells and their surrounding extracellular matrix (ECM). Regulation of the ECM is important in maintaining the physiologic function of tissues. Elevated levels of SPARC have been identified in a variety of diseases involving pathologic tissue remodeling, such as hepatic fibrosis, systemic sclerosis, and certain carcinomas. Within the eye, SPARC has been identified in the trabecular meshwork, lens, and retina. Studies have begun to show the role of SPARC in these tissues and its possible role, specifically in primary open-angle glaucoma, cataracts, and proliferative vitreoretinopathy. SPARC may, therefore, be a therapeutic target in the treatment of certain ocular diseases. Further investigation into the mechanism of action of SPARC will be necessary in the development of SPARC-targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurt Scavelli
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University Hospitals Eye Institute, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine , Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Ayan Chatterjee
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University Hospitals Eye Institute, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine , Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Douglas J Rhee
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University Hospitals Eye Institute, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine , Cleveland, Ohio
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17
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Using genetic mouse models to gain insight into glaucoma: Past results and future possibilities. Exp Eye Res 2015; 141:42-56. [PMID: 26116903 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2015.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Revised: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
While all forms of glaucoma are characterized by a specific pattern of retinal ganglion cell death, they are clinically divided into several distinct subclasses, including normal tension glaucoma, primary open angle glaucoma, congenital glaucoma, and secondary glaucoma. For each type of glaucoma there are likely numerous molecular pathways that control susceptibility to the disease. Given this complexity, a single animal model will never precisely model all aspects of all the different types of human glaucoma. Therefore, multiple animal models have been utilized to study glaucoma but more are needed. Because of the powerful genetic tools available to use in the laboratory mouse, it has proven to be a highly useful mammalian system for studying the pathophysiology of human disease. The similarity between human and mouse eyes coupled with the ability to use a combination of advanced cell biological and genetic tools in mice have led to a large increase in the number of studies using mice to model specific glaucoma phenotypes. Over the last decade, numerous new mouse models and genetic tools have emerged, providing important insight into the cell biology and genetics of glaucoma. In this review, we describe available mouse genetic models that can be used to study glaucoma-relevant disease/pathobiology. Furthermore, we discuss how these models have been used to gain insights into ocular hypertension (a major risk factor for glaucoma) and glaucomatous retinal ganglion cell death. Finally, the potential for developing new mouse models and using advanced genetic tools and resources for studying glaucoma are discussed.
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18
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Millar JC, Pang IH. Non-continuous measurement of intraocular pressure in laboratory animals. Exp Eye Res 2015; 141:74-90. [PMID: 25933714 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2015.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Revised: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Glaucoma is a leading cause of blindness, which is treatable but currently incurable. Numerous animal models therefore have both been and continue to be utilized in the study of numerous aspects of this condition. One important facet associated with the use of such models is the ability to accurately and reproducibly measure (by cannulation) or estimate (by tonometry) intraocular pressure (IOP). At this juncture there are several different approaches to IOP measurement in different experimental animal species, and the list continues to grow. We feel therefore that a review of this subject matter is timely and should prove useful to others who wish to perform similar measurements. The general principles underlying various types of tonometric and non-tonometric techniques for non-continuous determination of IOP are considered. There follows discussion of specific details as to how these techniques are applied to experimental animal species involved in the research of this disease. Specific comments regarding anesthesia, circadian rhythm, and animal handling are also included, especially in the case of rodents. Brief consideration is also given to possible future developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Cameron Millar
- North Texas Eye Research Institute (NTERI), University of North Texas Health Science Center (UNTHSC), 3500 Camp Bowie Boulevard, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA; Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of North Texas Health Science Center (UNTHSC), 3500 Camp Bowie Boulevard, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA.
| | - Iok-Hou Pang
- North Texas Eye Research Institute (NTERI), University of North Texas Health Science Center (UNTHSC), 3500 Camp Bowie Boulevard, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA; Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of North Texas Health Science Center (UNTHSC), 3500 Camp Bowie Boulevard, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center (UNTHSC), 3500 Camp Bowie Boulevard, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
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19
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Hann CR, Fautsch MP. Recent Developments in Understanding the Role of Aqueous Humor Outflow in Normal and Primary Open Angle Glaucoma. CURRENT OPHTHALMOLOGY REPORTS 2015; 3:67-73. [PMID: 26236568 DOI: 10.1007/s40135-015-0072-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) is the second leading cause of blindness in the world's rapidly aging population. POAG is characterized by progressive degeneration of neural structures in the posterior segment, often associated with a concomitant elevation of intraocular pressure. Changes in IOP are believed to be caused by a disruption in the normal outflow of aqueous humor. This article reviews recent research associated with normal and POAG aqueous humor outflow. Novel findings elucidating biochemical and pathological changes in the ocular tissues affected in POAG are presented. Stem cell research, identification of lymphatic markers, and increased use of mouse models give researchers exciting new tools to understand aqueous humor outflow, changes associated with POAG and identify underlying causes of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl R Hann
- Department of Ophthalmology Mayo Clinic 200 First Street SW Rochester, MN 55905 USA
| | - Michael P Fautsch
- Department of Ophthalmology Mayo Clinic 200 First Street SW Rochester, MN 55905 USA
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20
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Murphy KC, Morgan JT, Wood JA, Sadeli A, Murphy CJ, Russell P. The formation of cortical actin arrays in human trabecular meshwork cells in response to cytoskeletal disruption. Exp Cell Res 2014; 328:164-171. [PMID: 24992043 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2014.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Revised: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The cytoskeleton of human trabecular meshwork (HTM) cells is known to be altered in glaucoma and has been hypothesized to reduce outflow facility through contracting the HTM tissue. Latrunculin B (Lat-B) and Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) inhibitors disrupt the actin cytoskeleton and are in clinical trials as glaucoma therapeutics. We have previously reported a transient increase in HTM cell stiffness peaking at 90 min after Lat-B treatment with a return to pretreatment values after 270 min. We hypothesize that changes in actin morphology correlate with alterations in cell stiffness induced by Lat-B but this is not a general consequence of other cytoskeletal disrupting agents such as Rho kinase inhibitors. We treated HTM cells with 2 µM Lat-B or 100 µM Y-27632 and allowed the cells to recover for 30-270 min. While examining actin morphology in Lat-B treated cells, we observed striking cortical actin arrays (CAAs). The percentage of CAA positive cells (CPCs) was time dependent and exceeded 30% at 90 min and decreased after 270 min. Y-27632 treated cells exhibited few CAAs and no changes in cell stiffness. Together, these data suggest that the increase in cell stiffness after Lat-B treatment is correlated with CAAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlin C Murphy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering / University of California, Davis
| | - Joshua T Morgan
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine / University of California, Davis
| | - Joshua A Wood
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine / University of California, Davis
| | - Adeline Sadeli
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine / University of California, Davis
| | - Christopher J Murphy
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine / University of California, Davis.,Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, School of Medicine / University of California, Davis
| | - Paul Russell
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine / University of California, Davis
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21
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Chatterjee A, Villarreal G, Rhee DJ. Matricellular proteins in the trabecular meshwork: review and update. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2014; 30:447-63. [PMID: 24901502 DOI: 10.1089/jop.2014.0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is a leading cause of blindness worldwide, and intraocular pressure (IOP) is an important modifiable risk factor. IOP is a function of aqueous humor production and aqueous humor outflow, and it is thought that prolonged IOP elevation leads to optic nerve damage over time. Within the trabecular meshwork (TM), the eye's primary drainage system for aqueous humor, matricellular proteins generally allow cells to modulate their attachments with and alter the characteristics of their surrounding extracellular matrix (ECM). It is now well established that ECM turnover in the TM affects outflow facility, and matricellular proteins are emerging as significant players in IOP regulation. The formalized study of matricellular proteins in TM has gained increased attention. Secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC), myocilin, connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), and thrombospondin-1 and -2 (TSP-1 and -2) have been localized to the TM, and a growing body of evidence suggests that these matricellular proteins play an important role in IOP regulation and possibly the pathophysiology of POAG. As evidence continues to emerge, these proteins are now seen as potential therapeutic targets. Further study is warranted to assess their utility in treating glaucoma in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayan Chatterjee
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University Hospitals Eye Institute, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine , Cleveland, Ohio
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