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Villafán H, Gutiérrez-Ospina G. Looking beyond Self-Protection: The Eyes Instruct Systemic Immune Tolerance Early in Life. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1261. [PMID: 37759864 PMCID: PMC10526493 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13091261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The eyes provide themselves with immune tolerance. Frequent skin inflammatory diseases in young blind people suggest, nonetheless, that the eyes instruct a systemic immune tolerance that benefits the whole body. We tested this premise by using delayed skin contact hypersensitivity (DSCH) as a tool to compare the inflammatory response developed by sighted (S) and birth-enucleated (BE) mice against oxazolone or dinitrofluorobenzene at the ages of 10, 30 and 60 days of life. Adult mice enucleated (AE) at 60 days of age were also assessed when they reached 120 days of life. BE mice displayed exacerbated DSCH at 60 but not at 10 or 30 days of age. AE mice, in contrast, show no exacerbated DSCH. Skin inflammation in 60-day-old BE mice was hapten exclusive and supported by distinct CD8+ lymphocytes. The number of intraepidermal T lymphocytes and migrating Langerhans cells was, however, similar between S and BE mice by the age of 60 days. Our observations support the idea that the eyes instruct systemic immune tolerance that benefits organs outside the eyes from an early age. The higher prevalence of inflammatory skin disorders reported in young people might then reflect reduced immune tolerance associated with the impaired functional morphology of the eyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Horacio Villafán
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas, Unidad de Posgrado, Circuito de Posgrados, Ciudad Universitaria, Edificio D, 1piso, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Gabriel Gutiérrez-Ospina
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
- Coordinación de Psicobiología y Neurociencias, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
- Department of Zoology and Physiology and Wyoming Sensory Biology Center of Biomedical Research Excellence, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
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2
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Manjili MH. The Adaptation Model of Immunity: Signal IV Matters Most in Determining the Functional Outcomes of Immune Responses. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2023; 210:521-530. [PMID: 36881868 PMCID: PMC10000300 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
Current research in immunology and immunotherapy is fully influenced by the self-nonself model of immunity. This theoretical model suggests that alloreactivity results in graft rejection, whereas tolerance toward self-antigens expressed by malignant cells facilitates cancer development. Similarly, breakage of immunological tolerance toward self-antigens results in autoimmune diseases. Accordingly, immune suppression is recommended for the management of autoimmune diseases, allergy, and organ transplantation, whereas immune inducers are used for the treatment of cancers. Although the danger model, the discontinuity model, and the adaptation model are proposed for a better understanding of the immune system, the self-nonself model continues to dominate the field. Nevertheless, a cure for these human diseases remains elusive. This essay discusses current theoretical models of immunity, as well as their impacts and limitations, and expands on the adaptation model of immunity to galvanize a new direction for the treatment of autoimmune diseases, organ transplantation, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud H. Manjili
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, VCU School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
- VCU Massey Cancer Center, Richmond, VA, USA
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3
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Shiuey EJ, Zhang Q, Rapuano CJ, Ayres BD, Hammersmith KM, Nagra PK, Syed ZA. Prior Contralateral Penetrating Keratoplasty Is a Risk Factor for Second Eye Graft Rejection. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2023; 31:257-262. [PMID: 35050842 DOI: 10.1080/09273948.2021.2024860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To determine whether prior penetrating keratoplasty (PK) in the contralateral eye increases risk of second eye PK graft rejection. METHODS Cohort study of 593 consecutive PKs in transplant-naïve eyes (500 unilateral cases, 93 second eyes). Outcomes were compared between PKs performed in eyes with versus without a history of prior contralateral eye PK. Risks of rejection and failure were estimated using Cox proportional hazards models. RESULTS Mean age was 53.7 ± 23.3 years; average follow-up was 4.00 ± 2.87 years. Rejection occurred in 211 (35.6%) grafts. The incidence of rejection was 34.0% in unilateral cases and 44.1% in second eyes with PK in the contralateral eye. Prior contralateral PK was a significant risk factor for graft rejection (HR = 1.42, 95% CI 1.01-2.01, p = .045). CONCLUSION Contralateral PK is associated with increased risk of second eye graft rejection. Loss of ocular immune privilege is a possible mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric J Shiuey
- Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Biostatistics Consulting Core, Vickie and Jack Farber Vision Research Center, Wills Eye Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Christopher J Rapuano
- Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Cornea Service, Wills Eye Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Brandon D Ayres
- Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Cornea Service, Wills Eye Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kristin M Hammersmith
- Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Cornea Service, Wills Eye Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Parveen K Nagra
- Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Cornea Service, Wills Eye Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Zeba A Syed
- Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Cornea Service, Wills Eye Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Chin JY, Lin MTY, Lee IXY, Mehta JS, Liu YC. Tear Neuromediator and Corneal Denervation Following SMILE. J Refract Surg 2021; 37:516-523. [PMID: 34388069 DOI: 10.3928/1081597x-20210423-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the changes in tear neuromediators and corneal subbasal nerve plexus following small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) and to study its association with different refractive power of corrections. METHODS Thirty patients were included for tear neuromediator analysis (40 eyes) and corneal nerve analysis using in vivo confocal microscopy scans (20 eyes). Tear samples were collected preoperatively and 1 week and 1, 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively and analyzed for the substance P, calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), and nerve growth factor (NGF) concentrations using the enzyme-linked immunosor-bent assay (ELISA). RESULTS Corneal nerve fiber density (CNFD), corneal nerve fiber length (CNFL), and corneal nerve branch density (CNBD) decreased significantly postoperatively, then gradually increased from 3 months onward, but did not recover to the baseline levels at 12 months. Tear substance P and CGRP levels remained stable over 12 months. Tear NGF levels demonstrated a small peak at 1 week before decreasing significantly compared to preoperative levels at 6 months (P = .03) and 12 months (P = .007). The 1-month reduction in CNFL, tear substance P, and CGRP concentrations were significantly correlated with the corrected spherical equivalent (SE) (r = 0.71 for CNFL; r = -0.33 to -0.52 at different time points for substance P and CGRP, respectively, all P < .05). Compared to the low to moderate myopia group, the high myopia group (corrected SE greater than -6.00 diopters) had a significantly greater decrease in CNFD, significantly higher tear substance P concentrations at 1 week, 1 month, and 6 months, and significantly higher tear CGRP concentrations at 1 and 6 months. CONCLUSIONS These results provide new insight into the neurobiological responses and their potential implications in corneal nerve damage and recovery after SMILE. High myopia treatment was associated with greater corneal denervation and neuroinflammation. [J Refract Surg. 2021;37(8):516-523.].
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Niederkorn JY. "Corneal Nerves, CD11c + Dendritic Cells and Their Impact on Ocular Immune Privilege". Front Immunol 2021; 12:701935. [PMID: 34220866 PMCID: PMC8253307 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.701935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The eye and the brain have limited capacities for regeneration and as such, immune-mediated inflammation can produce devastating consequences in the form of neurodegenerative diseases of the central nervous system or blindness as a result of ocular inflammatory diseases such as uveitis. Accordingly, both the eye and the brain are designed to limit immune responses and inflammation - a condition known as "immune privilege". Immune privilege is sustained by physiological, anatomical, and regulatory processes that conspire to restrict both adaptive and innate immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerry Y. Niederkorn
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
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Jamali A, Kenyon B, Ortiz G, Abou-Slaybi A, Sendra VG, Harris DL, Hamrah P. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells in the eye. Prog Retin Eye Res 2020; 80:100877. [PMID: 32717378 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2020.100877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are a unique subpopulation of immune cells, distinct from classical dendritic cells. pDCs are generated in the bone marrow and following development, they typically home to secondary lymphoid tissues. While peripheral tissues are generally devoid of pDCs during steady state, few tissues, including the lung, kidney, vagina, and in particular ocular tissues harbor resident pDCs. pDCs were originally appreciated for their potential to produce large quantities of type I interferons in viral immunity. Subsequent studies have now unraveled their pivotal role in mediating immune responses, in particular in the induction of tolerance. In this review, we summarize our current knowledge on pDCs in ocular tissues in both mice and humans, in particular in the cornea, limbus, conjunctiva, choroid, retina, and lacrimal gland. Further, we will review our current understanding on the significance of pDCs in ameliorating inflammatory responses during herpes simplex virus keratitis, sterile inflammation, and corneal transplantation. Moreover, we describe their novel and pivotal neuroprotective role, their key function in preserving corneal angiogenic privilege, as well as their potential application as a cell-based therapy for ocular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arsia Jamali
- Center for Translational Ocular Immunology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brendan Kenyon
- Center for Translational Ocular Immunology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Program in Neuroscience, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gustavo Ortiz
- Center for Translational Ocular Immunology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Abdo Abou-Slaybi
- Center for Translational Ocular Immunology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Program in Immunology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Victor G Sendra
- Center for Translational Ocular Immunology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Deshea L Harris
- Center for Translational Ocular Immunology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pedram Hamrah
- Center for Translational Ocular Immunology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Program in Neuroscience, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA; Program in Immunology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA; Cornea Service, Tufts New England Eye Center, Boston, MA, USA.
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Neelam S, Niederkorn JY. Corneal Nerve Ablation Abolishes Ocular Immune Privilege by Downregulating CD103 on T Regulatory Cells. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2020; 61:25. [PMID: 32305043 PMCID: PMC7401639 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.61.4.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Severing corneal nerves during orthotopic corneal transplantation elicits the elaboration of the neuropeptide substance P (SP), which induces the generation of CD11c+ contrasuppressor (CS) cells. CS cells disable T regulatory cells (Tregs) that are induced when antigens enter the anterior chamber (AC), either by direct injection or by orthotopic corneal transplantation. This study examined the crucial cell surface molecules on Tregs that are adversely affected by CS cells that are generated by severing corneal nerves. Methods CS cells were induced by producing shallow 2.0-mm circular incisions in the corneal epithelium in BALB/c mice. CD8+ Tregs were generated by injecting ovalbumin into the AC. The effects of CS cells and SP on the expression and function of two cell surface molecules (CD103 and the receptor of interferon-γ) that are crucial for the induction and function of CD8+ Tregs were analyzed. Results SP converted CD11c+, but not CD11c- , dendritic cells (DCs) to CS cells. Severing corneal nerves resulted in a 66% reduction in the expression of CD103 on CD8+ AC-associated immune deviation (ACAID) Tregs, and a 50% reduction in the interferon-γ receptor (IFN-γR). These effects could be mimicked in vitro by coculturing CS cells with CD8+ ACAID Tregs. Conclusions The elaboration of SP in response to corneal nerve ablation converts CD11c+ DCs to CS cells. CS cells disable CD8+ ACAID Tregs by downregulating two crucial cell surface molecules, CD103 and IFN-γR, by an SP-dependent pathway. Blocking this pathway may provide a means of restoring ocular immune privilege in corneas subjected to corneal nerve injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudha Neelam
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States
| | - Jerry Y. Niederkorn
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States
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Niederkorn JY. The Eye Sees Eye to Eye With the Immune System: The 2019 Proctor Lecture. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2019; 60:4489-4495. [PMID: 31661549 PMCID: PMC6819053 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.19-28632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jerry Y. Niederkorn
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States
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Irani YD, Pulford E, Mortimer L, Irani S, Butler L, Klebe S, Williams KA. Sex differences in corneal neovascularization in response to superficial corneal cautery in the rat. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0221566. [PMID: 31479468 PMCID: PMC6719872 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Sex-based differences in susceptibility have been reported for a number of neovascular ocular diseases. We quantified corneal neovascularization, induced by superficial silver nitrate cautery, in male and female inbred albino Sprague-Dawley, inbred albino Fischer 344, outbred pigmented Hooded Wistar and inbred pigmented Dark Agouti rats of a range of ages. Corneal neovascular area was quantified on haematoxylin-stained corneal flatmounts by image analysis. Pro-and anti-angiogenic gene expression was measured early in the neovascular response by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Androgen and estrogen receptor expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry. Male rats from all strains, with or without ocular pigmentation, exhibited significantly greater corneal neovascular area than females: Sprague-Dawley males 43±12% (n = 8), females 25±5% (n = 12), p = 0.001; Fischer 344 males 38±10% (n = 12) females 27±8% (n = 8) p = 0.043; Hooded Wistar males 32±6% (n = 8) females 22±5% (n = 12) p = 0.002; Dark Agouti males 37±11% (n = 9) females 26±7% (n = 9) p = 0.015. Corneal vascular endothelial cells expressed neither androgen nor estrogen receptor. The expression in cornea post-cautery of Cox-2, Vegf-a and Vegf-r2 was significantly higher in males compared with females and Vegf-r1 was significantly lower in the cornea of males compared to females, p<0.001 for each comparison. These data suggest that male corneas are primed for angiogenesis through a signalling nexus involving Cox-2, Vegf-a, and Vegf receptors 1 and 2. Our findings re-enforce that pre-clinical animal models of human diseases should account for sex-based differences in their design and highlight the need for well characterized and reproducible pre-clinical studies that include both male and female animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazad D. Irani
- Discipline of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Emily Pulford
- Discipline of Anatomical Pathology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Lauren Mortimer
- Discipline of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
- Discipline of Anatomical Pathology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Swati Irani
- Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Lisa Butler
- Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Sonja Klebe
- Discipline of Anatomical Pathology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Keryn A. Williams
- Discipline of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
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10
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Neelam S, Mellon J, Wilkerson A, Niederkorn JY. Induction of Contrasuppressor Cells and Loss of Immune Privilege Produced by Corneal Nerve Ablation. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2019; 59:4738-4747. [PMID: 30267096 PMCID: PMC6161365 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.18-24894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Severing of corneal nerves in preparation of corneal transplantation abolishes immune privilege of subsequent corneal transplants placed into either eye: a phenomenon termed sympathetic loss of immune privilege (SLIP). SLIP is due to the disabling of T regulatory cells (Tregs) by CD11c+ contrasuppressor (CS) cells. This study characterized the induction, function, and manipulation of CS cell activity and the effect of these cells on Tregs induced by anterior chamber-associated immune deviation (ACAID). Methods CS cells were induced using a 2.0-mm trephine to score the corneal epithelium. CD11c+ CS cells were evaluated by adoptive transfer and by their capacity to disable CD8+ ACAID Tregs in local adoptive transfer (LAT) of suppression assays. CD11c+ cells were deleted from the ocular surface by subconjunctival injection of clodronate-containing liposomes. Results CD11c+ CS cell were radiosenstive and long lived. As few as 1000 CS cells blocked the suppressive activity of previously generated CD8+ ACAID Tregs, indicating that CS cells act at the efferent arm of the immune response. Depletion of resident CD11c+ cells at the ocular surface prevented the generation of CS cells. Conclusions Corneal nerve injury that occurs during keratoplasty converts ocular surface CD11c+ cells into CS cells that block CD8+ Tregs, which are induced by introducing antigens into the anterior chamber (i.e., ACAID Tregs). Depletion of CD11c+ cells at the ocular surface prevents the generation of CS cells and may be a useful strategy for preventing SLIP and enhancing the survival of second corneal transplants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudha Neelam
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States
| | - Jessamee Mellon
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States
| | - Amber Wilkerson
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States
| | - Jerry Y Niederkorn
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States
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Lee HK, Kim KW, Ryu JS, Jeong HJ, Lee SM, Kim MK. Bilateral Effect of the Unilateral Corneal Nerve Cut on Both Ocular Surface and Lacrimal Gland. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 60:430-441. [DOI: 10.1167/iovs.18-26051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hyo Kyung Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Laboratory of Ocular Regenerative Medicine and Immunology, Seoul Artificial Eye Center, Seoul National University Hospital Clinical Research Institute, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyoung Woo Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Laboratory of Ocular Regenerative Medicine and Immunology, Seoul Artificial Eye Center, Seoul National University Hospital Clinical Research Institute, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Suk Ryu
- Laboratory of Ocular Regenerative Medicine and Immunology, Seoul Artificial Eye Center, Seoul National University Hospital Clinical Research Institute, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Jeong Jeong
- Laboratory of Ocular Regenerative Medicine and Immunology, Seoul Artificial Eye Center, Seoul National University Hospital Clinical Research Institute, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang-Mok Lee
- HanGil Eye Hospital, Catholic Kwandong University College of Medicine, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Mee Kum Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Laboratory of Ocular Regenerative Medicine and Immunology, Seoul Artificial Eye Center, Seoul National University Hospital Clinical Research Institute, Seoul, Korea
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Guzmán M, Miglio MS, Zgajnar NR, Colado A, Almejún MB, Keitelman IA, Sabbione F, Fuentes F, Trevani AS, Giordano MN, Galletti JG. The mucosal surfaces of both eyes are immunologically linked by a neurogenic inflammatory reflex involving TRPV1 and substance P. Mucosal Immunol 2018; 11:1441-1453. [PMID: 29867077 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-018-0040-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 04/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Immunological interdependence between the two eyes has been reported for the cornea and the retina but not for the ocular mucosal surface. Intriguingly, patients frequently report ocular surface-related symptoms in the other eye after unilateral ocular surgery. Here we show how unilateral eye injuries in mice affect the mucosal immune response of the opposite ocular surface. We report that, despite the lack of lymphatic cross-drainage, a neurogenic inflammatory reflex in the contralateral conjunctiva is sufficient to increase, first, epithelial nuclear factor kappa B signaling, then, dendritic cell maturation, and finally, expansion of effector, instead of regulatory, T cells in the draining lymph node, leading to disrupted ocular mucosal tolerance. We also show that damage to ocular surface nerves is required. Using pharmacological inhibitors and agonists, we identified transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) channel as the receptor sensing tissue damage in the injured eye and substance P released in the opposite ocular surface as the effector of the sympathetic response. Finally, blocking either step prevented subsequent ocular allergic reactions in the opposite eye in a unilateral corneal alkali burn model. This study demonstrates that both ocular surfaces are immunologically linked and suggests potential therapeutic targets for intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio Guzmán
- Immunology Laboratory, Institute of Experimental Medicine (IMEX), National Academy of Medicine/CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maximiliano S Miglio
- Immunology Laboratory, Institute of Experimental Medicine (IMEX), National Academy of Medicine/CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nadia R Zgajnar
- Nuclear Receptors Laboratory, Institute of Experimental Biology & Medicine (IBYME)-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ana Colado
- Immunology Laboratory, Institute of Experimental Medicine (IMEX), National Academy of Medicine/CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María B Almejún
- Immunology Laboratory, Institute of Experimental Medicine (IMEX), National Academy of Medicine/CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Irene A Keitelman
- Immunology Laboratory, Institute of Experimental Medicine (IMEX), National Academy of Medicine/CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Florencia Sabbione
- Immunology Laboratory, Institute of Experimental Medicine (IMEX), National Academy of Medicine/CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Federico Fuentes
- Immunology Laboratory, Institute of Experimental Medicine (IMEX), National Academy of Medicine/CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Analía S Trevani
- Immunology Laboratory, Institute of Experimental Medicine (IMEX), National Academy of Medicine/CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Microbiology, Parasitology & Immunology Department, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mirta N Giordano
- Immunology Laboratory, Institute of Experimental Medicine (IMEX), National Academy of Medicine/CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Microbiology, Parasitology & Immunology Department, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jeremías G Galletti
- Immunology Laboratory, Institute of Experimental Medicine (IMEX), National Academy of Medicine/CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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