1
|
Li B, Jiang L, Martis RM, Siemerink MJ, Van Severen V, Cunningham WJ, Donaldson PJ, Lim JC. Ascorbic acid export from human donor lenses: Is the lens a source of ascorbic acid in the ocular humors? Exp Eye Res 2024; 245:109972. [PMID: 38871164 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2024.109972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
In previous work, we have shown that the lens acts a reservoir of the antioxidant glutathione (GSH), capable of exporting this antioxidant into the ocular humors and potentially protecting the tissues of the eye that interface with these humors from oxidative stress. In this study, we have extended this work by examining whether the lens acts as a source of ascorbic acid (AsA) to maintain the high levels of AsA known to be present in the ocular humors either by the direct export of AsA into the humors and/or by functioning as a recycling site for AsA, via the direct uptake of oxidised ascorbate (DHA) from the humors, its regeneration to AsA in the lens and then its subsequent export back into the humors. To test this, human lenses of varying ages were cultured for 1 h under hypoxic conditions and AsA/DHA levels measured in the media and in the lens. Human lenses were also cultured in compartmentalised chambers to determine whether efflux of AsA/DHA occurs at the anterior or posterior surface. Immunohistochemistry was performed on human donor lenses and sections labelled with antibodies against GLUT1, a putative DHA uptake transporter. Vitreous humor was collected from patients undergoing vitrectomy who either had a natural clear lens, an artificial intraocular implant (IOL) or a cataractous lens, and AsA/DHA and GSH and oxidised GSH (GSSG) measured. We found that cultured human donor lenses released both AsA and DHA into the media. Culturing of lenses in a compartmentalised chamber revealed that AsA and DHA efflux occurs at both surfaces, with relatively equal amounts of AsA and DHA released from each surface. The posterior surface of the lens was shown to express the GLUT1 transporter. Analysis of vitreous samples from patients undergoing vitrectomy revealed that vitreous GSH and AsA levels were similar between the natural lens group, IOL and cataractous lens group. Taken together, while human donor lenses were shown to export AsA and DHA into the surrounding media, the amount of AsA and DHA released from donor lenses was low and not sufficient to sustain the high levels of total AsA normally present in the humors. This suggests that although the lens is not the main source for maintaining high levels of AsA in the ocular humors, the lens may help to support local AsA levels close to the lens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Li
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, New Zealand; New Zealand-National Eye Centre, University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Lanpeng Jiang
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, New Zealand; New Zealand-National Eye Centre, University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Renita M Martis
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, New Zealand; New Zealand-National Eye Centre, University of Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Martin J Siemerink
- Auckland District Health Board, Greenlane Clinical Centre, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Veerle Van Severen
- Auckland District Health Board, Greenlane Clinical Centre, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - William J Cunningham
- New Zealand-National Eye Centre, University of Auckland, New Zealand; Auckland District Health Board, Greenlane Clinical Centre, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Paul J Donaldson
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, New Zealand; New Zealand-National Eye Centre, University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Julie C Lim
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, New Zealand; New Zealand-National Eye Centre, University of Auckland, New Zealand.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Qu S, Tang Y, Ning Z, Zhou Y, Wu H. Desired properties of polymeric hydrogel vitreous substitute. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 172:116154. [PMID: 38306844 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Vitreous replacement is a commonly employed method for treating a range of ocular diseases, including posterior vitreous detachment, complex retinal detachment, diabetic retinopathy, macular hole, and ocular trauma. Various clinical substitutes for vitreous include air, expandable gas, silicone oil, heavy silicone oil, and balanced salt solution. However, these substitutes have drawbacks such as short retention time, cytotoxicity, high intraocular pressure, and the formation of cataracts, rendering them unsuitable for long-term treatment. Polymeric hydrogels possess the potential to serve as ideal vitreous substitutes due to their structure-mimicking to natural vitreous and adjustable mechanical properties. Replacement with hydrogels as the tamponade can help maintain the shape of the eyeball, apply pressure to the detached retina, and ensure the metabolic transport of substances without impairing vision. This literature review examines the required properties of artificial vitreous, including the optical properties, rheological properties, expansive force action, and physiological and biochemical functions of chemically and physically crosslinked hydrogels. The strategies for enhancing the biocompatibility and injectability of hydrogels are also summarized and discussed. From a clinical ophthalmology perspective, this paper presents the latest developments in vitreous replacement, providing clinicians with a comprehensive understanding of hydrogel clinical applications, which offers guidance for future design directions and methodologies for hydrogel development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Qu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Yi Tang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Zichao Ning
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Yanjie Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Hong Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wu H, Shui YB, Liu Y, Liu X, Siegfried CJ. Trabecular Meshwork Mitochondrial Function and Oxidative Stress. OPHTHALMOLOGY SCIENCE 2022; 2:100107. [PMID: 36246185 PMCID: PMC9562365 DOI: 10.1016/j.xops.2021.100107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongli Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas
| | - Ying-Bo Shui
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Xiaobin Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas
| | - Carla J. Siegfried
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
- Correspondence: Carla J. Siegfried, MD, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8096, St. Louis, MO 63110.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sanz-Morello B, Ahmadi H, Vohra R, Saruhanian S, Freude KK, Hamann S, Kolko M. Oxidative Stress in Optic Neuropathies. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:1538. [PMID: 34679672 PMCID: PMC8532958 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10101538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence indicates that changes in the redox system may contribute to the pathogenesis of multiple optic neuropathies. Optic neuropathies are characterized by the neurodegeneration of the inner-most retinal neurons, the retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), and their axons, which form the optic nerve. Often, optic neuropathies are asymptomatic until advanced stages, when visual impairment or blindness is unavoidable despite existing treatments. In this review, we describe systemic and, whenever possible, ocular redox dysregulations observed in patients with glaucoma, ischemic optic neuropathy, optic neuritis, hereditary optic neuropathies (i.e., Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy and autosomal dominant optic atrophy), nutritional and toxic optic neuropathies, and optic disc drusen. We discuss aspects related to anti/oxidative stress biomarkers that need further investigation and features related to study design that should be optimized to generate more valuable and comparable results. Understanding the role of oxidative stress in optic neuropathies can serve to develop therapeutic strategies directed at the redox system to arrest the neurodegenerative processes in the retina and RGCs and ultimately prevent vision loss.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Berta Sanz-Morello
- Eye Translational Research Unit, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (B.S.-M.); (H.A.); (R.V.)
| | - Hamid Ahmadi
- Eye Translational Research Unit, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (B.S.-M.); (H.A.); (R.V.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Rigshospitalet, 2600 Glostrup, Denmark;
| | - Rupali Vohra
- Eye Translational Research Unit, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (B.S.-M.); (H.A.); (R.V.)
- Group of Stem Cell Models for Studies of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1870 Frederiksberg, Denmark; (S.S.); (K.K.F.)
| | - Sarkis Saruhanian
- Group of Stem Cell Models for Studies of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1870 Frederiksberg, Denmark; (S.S.); (K.K.F.)
| | - Kristine Karla Freude
- Group of Stem Cell Models for Studies of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1870 Frederiksberg, Denmark; (S.S.); (K.K.F.)
| | - Steffen Hamann
- Department of Ophthalmology, Rigshospitalet, 2600 Glostrup, Denmark;
| | - Miriam Kolko
- Eye Translational Research Unit, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (B.S.-M.); (H.A.); (R.V.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Rigshospitalet, 2600 Glostrup, Denmark;
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Pole C, Chehaibou I, Govetto A, Garrity S, Schwartz SD, Hubschman JP. Macular edema after rhegmatogenous retinal detachment repair: risk factors, OCT analysis, and treatment responses. Int J Retina Vitreous 2021; 7:9. [PMID: 33494835 PMCID: PMC7831177 DOI: 10.1186/s40942-020-00254-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate risk factors, imaging characteristics, and treatment responses of cystoid macular edema (CME) after rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) repair. METHODS Consecutive, retrospective case-control series of patients who underwent pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) and/or scleral buckling (SB) for RRD, with at least six months of follow-up. Clinical and surgical parameters of patients with and without CME (nCME), based on spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT), were compared. RESULTS Of 99 eyes enrolled, 25 had CME while 74 had nCME. Patients with CME underwent greater numbers of surgeries (P < 0.0001). After adjusting for number of surgeries, macula-off RRD (P = 0.06), proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) (P = 0.09), surgical approach (PPV and/or SB, P = 0.21), and tamponade type (P = 0.10) were not statistically significant, although they all achieved significance on univariate analysis (P = 0.001 or less). Intraoperative retinectomy (P = 0.009) and postoperative pseudophakia or aphakia (P = 0.008) were more frequent in the CME group, even after adjustment. Characteristics of cCME on OCT included diffuse distribution, confluent cysts, and absence of subretinal fluid or intraretinal hyperreflective foci. Macular thickness improved significantly with intravitreal triamcinolone (P = 0.016), but not with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agents (P = 0.828) or dexamethasone implant (P = 0.125). After adjusting for number of surgeries and macular detachment, final visual acuities remained significantly lower in the CME vs nCME group (P = 0.012). CONCLUSION Risk factors of CME include complex retinal detachment repairs requiring multiple surgeries, and pseudophakic or aphakic lens status. Although this cCME was associated with poor therapeutic response, corticosteroids were the most effective studied treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cameron Pole
- Retina Division, Stein Eye Institute, University of California Los Angeles, 100 Stein Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-7002, USA
| | - Ismael Chehaibou
- Retina Division, Stein Eye Institute, University of California Los Angeles, 100 Stein Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-7002, USA.,Ophthalmology Department, AP-HP, Hôpital Lariboisière, Université de Paris, 75010, Paris, France
| | - Andrea Govetto
- Ophthalmology Department, Fatebenefratelli-Oftalmico Hospital, ASST-Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Milan, Italy
| | - Sean Garrity
- Tufts Medical Center/New England Eye Center, Ophthalmic Consultants of Boston, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Steven D Schwartz
- Retina Division, Stein Eye Institute, University of California Los Angeles, 100 Stein Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-7002, USA
| | - Jean-Pierre Hubschman
- Retina Division, Stein Eye Institute, University of California Los Angeles, 100 Stein Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-7002, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Long-term Outcome of Ahmed Glaucoma Valve Implantation in Eyes With Intractably Raised Intraocular Pressure Following Pars Plana Vitrectomy. J Glaucoma 2020; 30:362-367. [DOI: 10.1097/ijg.0000000000001749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
7
|
Leisser C, Hirnschall N, Findl O. Effect of Phacoemulsification on Outcomes after Vitrectomy with Membrane Peeling regarding New Intraretinal Cystoid Changes and Transient Macular Edema. Ophthalmologica 2020; 244:150-158. [PMID: 33120390 DOI: 10.1159/000512637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of the present study was to analyze the effect of phacoemulsification on outcomes among patients undergoing vitrectomy with membrane peeling for idiopathic epiretinal membranes, with respect to new postoperative intraretinal cystoid changes and early transient macular edema. PROCEDURES This retrospective analysis included patients from 6 prospective studies, examining outcomes of 23G pars plana vitrectomy with membrane peeling due to idiopathic epiretinal membranes. Phacovitrectomy with membrane peeling was performed only in the case of coexisting vision affecting cataract. Optical coherence tomography was performed prior to surgery, in the first week, and 3 months after surgery. RESULTS In total, 183 patients were included. The occurrence of new postoperative intraretinal cystoid changes and early transient macular edema showed a trend toward being higher among patients undergoing phacovitrectomy with membrane peeling, compared to vitrectomy with membrane peeling alone, but it did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.5 and p = 0.186). The final best corrected distance visual acuity (BCVA) 3 months after surgery was significantly lower among patients with new postoperative intraretinal cystoid changes compared to patients without (with a median difference of 1 line between groups; p = 0.016). CONCLUSIONS New postoperative intraretinal cystoid changes and early transient macular edema are more frequent among patients undergoing phacovitrectomy with membrane peeling compared to patients with vitrectomy with membrane peeling alone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Leisser
- VIROS - Vienna Institute for Research in Ocular Surgery, a Karl Landsteiner Institute, Hanusch Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nino Hirnschall
- VIROS - Vienna Institute for Research in Ocular Surgery, a Karl Landsteiner Institute, Hanusch Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Oliver Findl
- VIROS - Vienna Institute for Research in Ocular Surgery, a Karl Landsteiner Institute, Hanusch Hospital, Vienna, Austria,
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Tram NK, Maxwell CJ, Swindle-Reilly KE. Macro- and Microscale Properties of the Vitreous Humor to Inform Substitute Design and Intravitreal Biotransport. Curr Eye Res 2020; 46:429-444. [PMID: 33040616 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2020.1826977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Research on the vitreous humor and development of hydrogel vitreous substitutes have gained a rapid increase in interest within the past two decades. However, the properties of the vitreous humor and vitreous substitutes have yet to be consolidated. In this paper, the mechanical properties of the vitreous humor and hydrogel vitreous substitutes were systematically reviewed. The number of publications on the vitreous humor and vitreous substitutes over the years, as well as their respective testing conditions and testing techniques were analyzed. The mechanical properties of the human vitreous were found to be most similar to the vitreous of pigs and rabbits. The storage and loss moduli of the hydrogel vitreous substitutes developed were found to be orders of magnitude higher in comparison to the native human vitreous. However, the reported modulus for human vitreous, which was most commonly tested in vitro, has been hypothesized to be different in vivo. Future studies should focus on testing the mechanical properties of the vitreous in situ or in vivo. In addition to its mechanical properties, the vitreous humor has other biotransport mechanisms and biochemical functions that establish a redox balance and maintain an oxygen gradient inside the vitreous chamber to protect intraocular tissues from oxidative damage. Biomimetic hydrogel vitreous substitutes have the potential to provide ophthalmologists with additional avenues for treating and controlling vitreoretinal diseases while preventing complications after vitrectomy. Due to the proximity and interconnectedness of the vitreous humor to other ocular tissues, particularly the lens and the retina, more interest has been placed on understanding the properties of the vitreous humor in recent years. A better understanding of the properties of the vitreous humor will aid in improving the design of biomimetic vitreous substitutes and enhancing intravitreal biotransport.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen K Tram
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Courtney J Maxwell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Katelyn E Swindle-Reilly
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.,William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Tram NK, McLean RM, Swindle-Reilly KE. Glutathione Improves the Antioxidant Activity of Vitamin C in Human Lens and Retinal Epithelial Cells: Implications for Vitreous Substitutes. Curr Eye Res 2020; 46:470-481. [PMID: 32838548 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2020.1809002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Tissues in the eye are particularly susceptible to oxidative damage due to light exposure. While vitamin C (ascorbic acid) has been noted as a vital antioxidant in the vitreous humor, its physiological concentration (1-2 mM) has been shown to be toxic to retinal and lens epithelial cells in in vitro cell culture. We have explored adding vitamin C to hydrogel vitreous substitutes as a potential therapeutic to prevent oxidative damage to intraocular tissues after vitrectomy. However, vitamin C degrades rapidly even when loaded at high concentrations, limiting its long-term effectiveness. Glutathione, another antioxidant found abundantly in the lens at concentrations of 2-10 mM, was proposed to be used in conjunction with vitamin C. METHODS Cell viability and reactive oxygen species activity of human retinal and lens epithelial cells treated with various combinations of vitamin C, glutathione, hydrogen peroxide, and a hydrogel vitreous substitute were determined using CellTiter-Glo luminescent cell viability assay and dichlorofluorescein assay, respectively. The vitamin C remaining in hydrogel vitreous substitute or glutathione-vitamin C solutions was determined using a microplate reader at 265 nm wavelength, compared against standard solutions with known concentrations. RESULTS Glutathione protected the lens and retinal cells from the negative effect of vitamin C on cell viability and prolonged the antioxidant effect of vitamin C in vitro. While the detected reading of pure vitamin C solution decreased rapidly from 100% to 10% by 3 days, glutathione provided a significant extension to vitamin C stability, with 70% remaining after 14 days when the glutathione was used at physiological concentrations found in the lens (2-10 mM). CONCLUSIONS These results indicate glutathione might be an effective addition to vitamin C in intraocular implants, including potential vitreous substitutes, and warrants additional studies on the effectiveness of the vitamin C - glutathione combination in preventing oxidative stress post-vitrectomy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen K Tram
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Rayna M McLean
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Katelyn E Swindle-Reilly
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Intraocular Pressure Rise Linked to Silicone Oil in Retinal Surgery: A Review. Vision (Basel) 2020; 4:vision4030036. [PMID: 32823618 PMCID: PMC7558829 DOI: 10.3390/vision4030036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Silicone oil represents the main choice for intraocular tamponade in cases of complicated retinal detachment surgery. The intraocular pressure of an eye filled with silicone oil could increase, driven by a variety of different forces, according to several mechanisms. Two main conditions have been highlighted, depending on the onset: early hypertension or late glaucoma. The different types of silicone oils and their physico-chemical properties are varied and may play a role in the determination of intraocular pressure rise. The current body of literature allows for the illustration and categorization of the incidence and risk factors, as well as the pathogenesis and the management of the early postoperative hypertension subtended by an open- and closed-angle, along with the late onset silicone oil-induced glaucoma. Understanding the leading actors on the stage of ocular pressure elevation concurrently with silicone oil application for retinal surgery could help in guiding the timely and appropriate course of treatment.
Collapse
|
11
|
Kars ME, Toklu Y, Arıkan Yorgun M, Neşelioğlu S, Eren F. Electrolyte, Nitric Oxide and Oxidative Stress Levels of Aqueous Humor in Patients with Retinal Detachment and Silicone Oil Tamponade. Curr Eye Res 2020; 45:1443-1450. [PMID: 32228105 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2020.1749668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: To enlighten the pathogenesis of silicone oil (SiO)-related complications via measuring aqueous humor levels of electrolytes, nitric oxide (NO), and oxidative stress in SiO, retinal detachment (RD), and control groups. Materials and Methods: In this prospective study, 56 patients were grouped as SiO (n = 29), RD (n = 12), and control (n = 15). The results of pre- and post-operative ophthalmological examinations, aqueous humor electrolyte and NO levels, total antioxidant and oxidant status (TAS, TOS) and oxidative stress index (OSI) were analyzed. Results: SiO group had a higher mean Na+ level compared to controls (144.77 ± 11.48 vs 137.56 ± 6.57 mmol/kg, p = .02). Also, the mean Na+ and Cl- levels of RD group were higher than controls (149.04 ± 12.05 vs. 137.56 ± 6.57 mmol/kg, p = .02, 115.2 ± 7.79 vs 106.23 ± 8.99 mmol/kg, p = .031 for Na+ and Cl-, respectively). The mean NO level of RD group was higher than that of SiO group (51.07 ± 19.56 vs. 34.07 ± 13.84 μM, p = .009). The mean TAS and TOS were lower in SiO group compared to controls (1.92 ± 0.64 vs. 2.49 ± 0.56 μmolTroloxEqv./L, p = .021, 34.98 ± 26.55 vs. 61.46 ± 22.69 μmolH2O2Eqv./L, p = .004 for TAS and TOS, respectively). Intraocular retention time of SiO demonstrated positive correlation with post-operative visual acuity (logMAR) and negative correlation with TOS. Conclusions: Elevated aqueous humor Na+ and Cl- in RD patients might reflect abolished function of ion channels on detached retina. Increased Na+ and lack of NO response to elevated intraocular pressure in SiO-filled eyes might contribute to secondary cataract and glaucoma formation. SiO is associated with low levels of oxidative stress in aqueous humor; however, increased intraocular retention time of SiO is related to a poor visual outcome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meltem Ece Kars
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara Atatürk Training and Research Hospital , Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yasin Toklu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara Atatürk Training and Research Hospital , Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mücella Arıkan Yorgun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ankara Atatürk Training and Research Hospital , Ankara, Turkey
| | - Salim Neşelioğlu
- Department of Biochemistry, Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara Atatürk Training and Research Hospital , Ankara, Turkey
| | - Funda Eren
- Department of Biochemistry, Ankara Atatürk Training and Research Hospital , Ankara, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Siegfried CJ, Shui YB. Addendum to Intraocular Oxygen and Antioxidant Status: New Insights on the Effect of Vitrectomy and Glaucoma Pathogenesis. Am J Ophthalmol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2019.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
13
|
Tram NK, Jiang P, Torres‐Flores TC, Jacobs KM, Chandler HL, Swindle‐Reilly KE. A Hydrogel Vitreous Substitute that Releases Antioxidant. Macromol Biosci 2019; 20:e1900305. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201900305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen K. Tram
- Department of Biomedical Engineering The Ohio State University 1080 Carmack Rd. Columbus OH 43210 USA
| | - Pengfei Jiang
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering The Ohio State University 151 W. Woodruff Avenue Columbus OH 43210 USA
| | - Tiara C. Torres‐Flores
- Department of Biomedical Engineering The Ohio State University 1080 Carmack Rd. Columbus OH 43210 USA
| | - Kane M. Jacobs
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering The Ohio State University 151 W. Woodruff Avenue Columbus OH 43210 USA
| | - Heather L. Chandler
- College of Optometry The Ohio State University 338 West 10th Avenue Columbus OH 43210 USA
| | - Katelyn E. Swindle‐Reilly
- Department of Biomedical Engineering The Ohio State University 1080 Carmack Rd. Columbus OH 43210 USA
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering The Ohio State University 151 W. Woodruff Avenue Columbus OH 43210 USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science The Ohio State University 915 Olentangy River Road, Suite 5000 Columbus OH 43212 USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Siegfried CJ, Shui YB. Intraocular Oxygen and Antioxidant Status: New Insights on the Effect of Vitrectomy and Glaucoma Pathogenesis. Am J Ophthalmol 2019; 203:12-25. [PMID: 30772349 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2019.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Revised: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to investigate correlations of partial pressure of oxygen (pO2) in the ocular anterior segment of human eyes and aqueous humor antioxidant levels of ascorbate (AsA) and total reactive antioxidant potential (TRAP) with glaucoma and vitreous status. METHODS This prospective, cross-sectional study stratified patients (n = 288 eyes) by lens and vitreous status and the presence of primary open-angle glaucoma for statistical analyses. Intraocular pO2 concentrations were measured using a fiberoptic probe in patients at the beginning of planned glaucoma and/or cataract surgery. Aqueous humor specimens were obtained for antioxidant analysis of AsA and TRAP. RESULTS Following prior pars plana vitrectomy, pO2 levels were significantly higher than in the reference group of cataract surgery in the anterior chamber angle (16.2 ± 5.0 vs. 13.0 ± 3.9 mm Hg; P = .0171) and in the posterior chamber (7.6 ± 3.1 vs. 3.9 ± 2.7 mm Hg; P < .0001). AsA and TRAP levels were significantly lower (1.1 ± 0.4 vs. 1.4 ± 0.5 mM, respectively; 403.3 ±116.5 vs. 479.0 ± 146.7 Trolox units, respectively; P = .004 and P = .024, respectively) in patients after vitrectomy. In patients with an intact vitreous, neither pO2 nor antioxidant status correlated with lens status or glaucoma. CONCLUSIONS Increased pO2 and antioxidant depletion following vitrectomy suggests an alteration of the intraocular oxidant-antioxidant balance. Our study links physiologic factors such as increased pO2 in the anterior chamber angle and the posterior chamber to decreased antioxidant levels in aqueous humor following vitrectomy. Oxidative stress/damage to the trabecular meshwork in such post-vitrectomy cases may contribute to intraocular pressure elevation and increased risk of glaucoma. NOTE: Publication of this article is sponsored by the American Ophthalmological Society.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carla J Siegfried
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri.
| | - Ying-Bo Shui
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| |
Collapse
|