1
|
Shen J, Liang Y, Bi Z, Yin X, Chen C, Zhao X, Liu S, Li Y. Cyclosporin A improves the hyperosmotic response in an experimental dry eye model by inhibiting the HMGB1/TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway. Exp Eye Res 2023; 229:109418. [PMID: 36806672 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2023.109418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Hyperosmolarity is closely related to dry eye disease (DED), which induces corneal epithelial cell structure and dysfunction leading to ocular surface inflammation. Cyclosporine A (CSA) is a cyclopeptide consisting of 11 deduced amino acids. It has an immunosuppressive effect and shows a vital function in inhibiting the inflammatory response. The mechanism of CSA in DED is still not entirely clear. This experiment aimed to investigate the possible mechanism of CSA in the hyperosmotic DED model. This study found that CSA can inhibit the transcript levels of DED high mobility group protein 1 (HMGB1), Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and nuclear transcription factor κB (NF-κB) in signaling pathways. In addition, the study also found that 550 mOsm/L can induce the formation of DED models in vivo or in vitro. Furthermore, different concentrations of CSA have different effects on the expression of HMGB1 in human corneal epithelial cells under hyperosmotic stimulation, and high concentrations of CSA may increase the expression of HMGB1. In addition, CSA effectively reduced the corneal fluorescence staining score of the DE group and increased the tear volume of mice. Therefore, this experimental investigation might supply new evidence for the mechanism of CSA in DED, provide a potential new therapy for treating DED, and provide a theoretical basis for CSA treatment of DED.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiachao Shen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Binzhou Medical College, Yantai, 264000, China; Department of Ophthalmology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Yantai, 264000, China
| | - Yan Liang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Yantai, 264000, China
| | - Zhaojing Bi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Yantai, 264000, China
| | - Xin Yin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Yantai, 264000, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Yantai, 264000, China
| | - Xinmei Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Yantai, 264000, China
| | - Shujun Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Yantai, 264000, China.
| | - Yuanbin Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Yantai, 264000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Shin S, Yoon SG, Kim M, Cheon EJ, Jeon Y, Lee HJ, Chung SH. The Effect of Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Dry Eye in Sjogren Syndrome Mouse Model. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021039. [PMID: 36674547 PMCID: PMC9865485 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is a systemic autoimmune disease delineated by chronic lymphocytic infiltrates into the lacrimal or salivary glands, leading to severe dry eye and dry mouth. Mesenchymal stem cells have been shown to be effective in treating numerous autoimmune diseases. This study aimed to illustrate the effects of mesenchymal stem cells on the attenuation of dry eyes (DE) through the inhibition of autophagy markers in a SS mouse model. NOD/ShiLtJ female mice with developed DE were treated with either subconjunctival or lacrimal gland injections of hMSCs (Catholic MASTER Cells). After maintenance for 14 days, clinical DE markers such as tear secretion and corneal staining were observed, as well as goblet cell counts in the conjunctiva, infiltration of inflammatory foci, B and T cells, and autophagy markers in the lacrimal glands. Proinflammatory cytokine expressions of the cornea and conjunctiva, as well as the lacrimal glands, were examined. Clinical markers, such as tear secretion and corneal stain scores, goblet cell counts in the conjunctiva, and foci infiltrations in the lacrimal glands were attenuated in mice treated with subconjunctival or lacrimal gland injections of hMSCs compared to the PBS-treated control group. B cell marker B220 decreased in the lacrimal glands of hMSCs-treated mice, as well as reduced proinflammatory cytokine expressions in the lacrimal glands and cornea. Notably, expression of autophagy markers ATG5 and LC3B-II, as well as HIF-1α and mTOR which play roles in the pathways of autophagy modulation, were shown to be attenuated in the lacrimal glands of hMSCs-treated mice compared to the PBS-treated control mice. Treatment with hMSCs by lacrimal gland or subconjunctival injection demonstrated the alleviation of DE through the repression of autophagy markers, suggesting the therapeutic potentials of hMSCs in a SS mouse model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soojung Shin
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Catholic Institute of Visual Science, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Seul-Gi Yoon
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Catholic Institute of Visual Science, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Miso Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Catholic Institute of Visual Science, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Jeong Cheon
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Catholic Institute of Visual Science, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngseo Jeon
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Catholic Institute of Visual Science, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Catholic Institute of Visual Science, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, Seoil University, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Hyang Chung
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Catholic Institute of Visual Science, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-2258-6203; Fax: +82-2-590-1544
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ling Y, Liang H, Tang Q. Protective Role of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells (BMSCs) in Repairing Epithelial Cells of Diabetic Retinopathy. J BIOMATER TISS ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1166/jbt.2022.3133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the main causes of blindness. By directly employing mesenchymal stem cells to repair damaged retinal tissues, we aim to study the underlying repair mechanisms. 30 DR patients were included, along with 30 healthy control cases. Western-blot and qRT-PCR
were conducted to measure PI3K/Akt pathway-related genes. The PI3K/Akt antagonist (Rigosertib) was utilized in the induction process of cell differentiation to analyze the effects of PI3K/Akt pathwayspecific proteins and mRNAs. DR patients showed significantly elevated expression of PI3K/Akt
compared to control. With prolongation of induction, the expression of normal epithelial cell-related genes (SpC, SpB, SpA, CK18, KGF and Occludin) was elevated along with upregulated Occludin and KGF, two specific proteins of healthy epithelial cells. Meanwhile, the quantities of Occludin
and KGF in cell culture medium showed a gradual downward trend. In the differentiation of BMSCs towards epithelial cells, addition of PI3K/Akt antagonist Rigosertib was negatively correlated with the expression of several genes (IGF-1, shh, EGF, mTOR, AKT and PI3K) and decreased the quantities
of PI3K/Akt pathway-specific proteins (mTOR, PI3K and AKT). In conclusion, BMSCs can effectively reduce the release of cytokines in DR and promote the repair of damaged diabetic retina, possibly through regulation of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ling
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, The First People’s Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, Guangxi, 530022, China
| | - Haiming Liang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, The First People’s Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, Guangxi, 530022, China
| | - Qi Tang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, The First People’s Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, Guangxi, 530022, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wang R, Yuan J. Regulation of Autophagy and Inflammation Improves the Corneal Injury in the Model of Rats with Xerophthalmia. J BIOMATER TISS ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1166/jbt.2022.3085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This study assessed the mechanism of regulation of autophagy and inflammation on corneal injury in the model of rats with xerophthalmia. The level of inducer and inhibitor of autophagy in the model of rats with xerophthalmia was detected and cell proliferation was evaluated by MTT assay
together with analysis of colony formation, cell apoptosis and cycle by FCM. The effect of inducer on the corneal injury and inflammation was assessed. The level of autophagy marker LC3 was elevated significantly after treatment with autophagy inducer along with increased cell proliferation
and migration and strengthened sensibility of corneal epithelial cells on corneal injury and inflammation and autophagy rate. In addition, cells in the established model was blocked at G2/M phase. Moreover, autophagy inducer significantly upregulated MMP-10 expression. Furthermore, there was
a target relationship between LC3 and P62. In conclusion, the cell migration, growth and autophagy is induced with autophagy inducer in the model of rats with xerophthalmia, indicating that autophagy inducer might be a brand-new therapeutic target spot for the treatment of xerophthalmia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jianghan University Affiliated Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, 430015, China
| | - Jing Yuan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jianghan University Affiliated Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, 430015, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
He X, Zhou X, Feng Y. miR-339 Promotes the Recovery of the Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells (BMSCs)-Induced Corneal Epithelium Damage. J BIOMATER TISS ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1166/jbt.2022.2941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This study intends to identify the expression profiles of micoRNAs during the recovery of damaged corneal epithelium induced by BMSCs. Differential expressions of miRNA after damage of corneal epithelium stimulated by BMSCs were analyzed based on micro-array and validated by qRT-PCR.
The miRNA’s effect on cell proliferative and apoptotic activity was evaluated through transfection of plasmid with over presentation of miRNA and inhibitor of miRNA. miR-339 was significantly down-regulated in the process of recovery of the damaged corneal epithelium induced by BMSCs.
Importin 13 and EGF expression was reduced after transfection of plasmid with over presentation of miR-339, which were reversed by transfection of the inhibitor of miR-339. Importin 13 was a target of miR-339. The cell proliferation and apoptosis could be restrained by miR-339 through regulation
of the expression of Importin 13. In conclusion, the damaged corneal epithelium induced by BMSCs could be recovered by miR-339 through restraining Importin 13 expression, indicating that it might be a novel target for amelioration of corneal epithelium damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiumei He
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wuhan Eyegood Ophthalmic Hospital, Wuhan City, Hubei Province 430064, China
| | - Xiong Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wuhan Eyegood Ophthalmic Hospital, Wuhan City, Hubei Province 430064, China
| | - Yueyue Feng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wuhan Eyegood Ophthalmic Hospital, Wuhan City, Hubei Province 430064, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Qu C, Zhao Y, Zhang H, Xu W, Zhang X. Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells (BMSCs)-Derived Exosomes Promotes Proliferation and Differentiation of Retinal Neuron-Like Cells to Repair Corneal Epithelial Damage. J BIOMATER TISS ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1166/jbt.2022.2897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Dry eye disease (DED) is a common ocular surface disease. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) can differentiate into various cells, and BMSC-derived exosomes (BMSC-exo) is essential to maintaining BMSCs stemness. This study aimed to elucidate the mechanism underlying BMSCexo
in DED. Sixty rats with corneal epithelial injury were treated with BMSCs or BMSC-exo and untreated (each group, n = 20) followed by analysis of the effect of BMSCs and BMSC-exo by evaluating the corneal epithelium damage via measuring the Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan (BBB) score on 1st,
3rd, 7th, 14th, 28th day after treatments. TUNEL staining assessed cell apoptosis, NF200 expression and the number of BrdU-positive cells. There was no significant difference in BBB scores among three groups on the 1st and 3rd day after treatment (p > 0.05) with significant difference
on the 7th, 14th, and 28th day (p <0.05); compared with control group, BMSCs group and combination group had significantly higher BBB score (p < 0.05). The amount of apoptotic cells rose on 3rd and then gradually decreased since 7th day. Moreover, BMSCs and BMSC-exo decreased
the apoptotic index and increased absorbance of NF200 and BrdU-positive rate (p < 0.05). BMSC-exo alleviates corneal epithelial damage in DED and facilitates wound healing possibly through reducing cell apoptosis and increasing retinal neuron-like cell proliferation protein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cuiping Qu
- Department of Medical Cosmetology, The First Hospital of Qiqihar, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, 161000, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Hospital of Qiqihar, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, 161000, China
| | - Huijuan Zhang
- International Medical Department, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116001, China
| | - Wenshuang Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Qiqihar Wuguan Hospital, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, 161006, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Hospital of Qiqihar, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, 161000, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Chang YA, Wu YY, Lin CT, Kawasumi M, Wu CH, Kao SY, Yang YP, Hsu CC, Hung KF, Sun YC. Animal models of dry eye: Their strengths and limitations for studying human dry eye disease. J Chin Med Assoc 2021; 84:459-464. [PMID: 33871392 DOI: 10.1097/jcma.0000000000000529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Dry eye disease (DED), also called the keratoconjunctivitis sicca, is one of the most common diseases in the ophthalmology clinics. While DED is not a life-threatening disease, life quality may be substantially affected by the discomfort and the complications of poor vision. As such, a large number of studies have made contributions to the investigation of the DED pathogenesis and novel treatments. DED is a multifactorial disease featured with various phenotypic consequences; therefore, animal models are valuable tools suitable for the related studies. Accordingly, selection of the animal model to recapitulate the clinical presentation of interest is important for appropriately addressing the research objective. To this end, we systemically reviewed different murine and rabbit models of DED, which are categorized into the quantitative (aqueous-deficient) type and the qualitative (evaporative) type, based on the schemes to establish. The clinical manifestations of dry eye on animal models can be induced by mechanical or surgical approaches, iatrogenic immune response, topical eye drops, blockage of neural pathway, or others. Although these models have shown promising results, each has its own limitation and cannot fully reproduce the pathophysiological mechanisms that occur in patients. Nonetheless, the animal models remain the best approximation of human DED and represent the valuable tool for the DED studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-An Chang
- Institute of Veterinary Clinical Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yi-Ying Wu
- Institute of Veterinary Clinical Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chung-Tien Lin
- Institute of Veterinary Clinical Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Masaoki Kawasumi
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Cheng-Hsien Wu
- Department of Stomatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Shou-Yen Kao
- Department of Stomatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yi-Ping Yang
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Ophthalmology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chih-Chien Hsu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Kai-Feng Hung
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yi-Chen Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, The Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taiwan, ROC; and College of Medicine, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wang B, Zuo X, Peng L, Wang X, Zeng H, Zhong J, Li S, Xiao Y, Wang L, Ouyang H, Yuan J. Melatonin ameliorates oxidative stress-mediated injuries through induction of HO-1 and restores autophagic flux in dry eye. Exp Eye Res 2021; 205:108491. [PMID: 33587908 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2021.108491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the protective effect of melatonin on the corneal epithelium in dry eye disease(DED) and explore its underlying mechanism. Human corneal epithelial(HCE) cells was exposure to t-butylhydroperoxide(tBH), C57BL/6 mice were injected of subcutaneous scopolamine to imitate DED. Melatonin was used both in vivo and in vitro. Cell viability was detected by Cell Counting Kit-8 assay and Lactate Dehydrogenase Leakage. The change of cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry. Western blot assays and immunofluorescence were carried out to measure protein changes. mRNA expression was investigated by RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) and quantitative real-time PCR. The change of autophagic flux were observed through mCherry-GFP-LC3 transfection and electron microscopy(TEM). Clinical parameters of corneal epithelium defects, conjunctival goblet cells, tear volume, and level of ocular surface inflammation was recorded. Melatonin was able to reduce excessive ROS production and maintain mitochondrial function. TEM assay found melatonin rescued impaired autophagic flux under tBH. Moreover, melatonin significantly preserved cell viability, abolished LDH release, and decreased apoptosis. RNA-Seq indicated that melatonin greatly activating hemeoxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression. Interestingly, HO-1 ablation largely attenuated its protective effects. Besides, in dry eye mouse model, intraperitoneal injection of melatonin showed greatly improved clinical parameters, inhibited activated NLRP3 inflammation cascade, and increased density of goblet cells and tear volume. Thus, melatonin protects corneal epithelial cells from oxidative damage, maintain normal level of autophagy, and reduce inflammation via trigging HO-1 expression in DED.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Centre, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xin Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Centre, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lulu Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Centre, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoran Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Centre, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hao Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Centre, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jing Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Centre, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Saiqun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Centre, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yichen Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Centre, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Centre, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hong Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Centre, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jin Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Centre, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Chepur SV, Pluzhnikov NN, Chubar OV, Bakulina LS, Litvinenko IV, Makarov VA, Gogolevsky AS, Myasnikov VA, Myasnikova IA, Al-Shehadat RI. Respiratory RNA Viruses: How to Be Prepared for an Encounter with New Pandemic Virus Strains. BIOLOGY BULLETIN REVIEWS 2021; 11. [PMCID: PMC8078390 DOI: 10.1134/s207908642102002x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The characteristics of the biology of influenza viruses and coronavirus that determine the implementation of the infectious process are presented. With provision for pathogenesis of infection possible effects of serine proteinase inhibitors, heparin, and inhibitors of heparan sulfate receptors in the prevention of cell contamination by viruses are examined. It has been determined that chelators of metals of variable valency and antioxidants should be used for the reduction of replicative activity of viruses and anti-inflammatory therapy. The possibility of a pH-dependent impairment of glycosylation of cellular and viral proteins was traced for chloroquine and its derivatives. The use of low-toxicity drugs as part of adjunct therapy increases the effectiveness of synthetic antiviral drugs and interferons and ensures the safety of baseline therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S. V. Chepur
- State Scientific Research Test Institute of Military Medicine of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, 195043 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - N. N. Pluzhnikov
- State Scientific Research Test Institute of Military Medicine of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, 195043 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - O. V. Chubar
- State Scientific Research Test Institute of Military Medicine of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, 195043 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - L. S. Bakulina
- Burdenko Voronezh State Medical University, 394036 Voronezh, Russia
| | | | - V. A. Makarov
- Fundamentals of Biotechnology Federal Research Center, 119071 Moscow, Russia
| | - A. S. Gogolevsky
- State Scientific Research Test Institute of Military Medicine of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, 195043 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - V. A. Myasnikov
- State Scientific Research Test Institute of Military Medicine of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, 195043 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - I. A. Myasnikova
- State Scientific Research Test Institute of Military Medicine of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, 195043 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - R. I. Al-Shehadat
- State Scientific Research Test Institute of Military Medicine of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, 195043 St. Petersburg, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Hamba N, Gerbi A, Tesfaye S. Histopathological effects of ultraviolet radiation exposure on the ocular structures in animal studies –literature review. TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH IN ANATOMY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tria.2020.100086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
|
11
|
Wang B, Chen S, Zheng Q, Li Y, Zhang X, Xuan J, Liu Y, Shi G. Early diagnosis and treatment for Sjögren's syndrome: current challenges, redefined disease stages and future prospects. J Autoimmun 2020; 117:102590. [PMID: 33310686 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2020.102590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
There are some challenges and unmet needs in the early diagnosis and management of Sjögren's syndrome (SjS) such as prominent glandular dysfunction at diagnosis and long diagnostic delay. Those challenges are partly attributed to the lack of a good knowledge of the early stages of SjS, which is a major obstacle to delivering appropriate care to SjS patients. Findings from both clinical and experimental studies suggest the plausibility of a redefined SjS course consisting of 4 stages, which includes initiation stage, preclinical stage, asymptomatic SjS stage and overt SjS stage. More studies focusing on the pathological processes and changes during the early stages of SjS are needed. To enable early diagnosis and treatment for SjS, more useful biomarkers of the early stages of SjS need to be identified, and individuals at high risk of SjS development need to be identified. Appropriate screening can be performed to facilitate the early diagnosis of SjS among those high-risk individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361003, China
| | - Shiju Chen
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361003, China
| | - Qing Zheng
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361003, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361003, China
| | - Xinwei Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361003, China
| | - Jingxiu Xuan
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361003, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361003, China.
| | - Guixiu Shi
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361003, China; Xiamen Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Xiamen, 361003, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Makarov V, Riabova O, Ekins S, Pluzhnikov N, Chepur S. The past, present and future of RNA respiratory viruses: influenza and coronaviruses. Pathog Dis 2020; 78:ftaa046. [PMID: 32860686 PMCID: PMC7499567 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftaa046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza virus and coronaviruses continue to cause pandemics across the globe. We now have a greater understanding of their functions. Unfortunately, the number of drugs in our armory to defend us against them is inadequate. This may require us to think about what mechanisms to address. Here, we review the biological properties of these viruses, their genetic evolution and antiviral therapies that can be used or have been attempted. We will describe several classes of drugs such as serine protease inhibitors, heparin, heparan sulfate receptor inhibitors, chelating agents, immunomodulators and many others. We also briefly describe some of the drug repurposing efforts that have taken place in an effort to rapidly identify molecules to treat patients with COVID-19. While we put a heavy emphasis on the past and present efforts, we also provide some thoughts about what we need to do to prepare for respiratory viral threats in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vadim Makarov
- Federal Research Center Fundamentals of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 33-2 Leninsky Prospect, Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - Olga Riabova
- Federal Research Center Fundamentals of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 33-2 Leninsky Prospect, Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - Sean Ekins
- Collaborations Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 840 Main Campus Drive, Lab 3510, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
| | - Nikolay Pluzhnikov
- State Research Institute of Military Medicine of the Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation, St Petersburg 195043, Russia
| | - Sergei Chepur
- State Research Institute of Military Medicine of the Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation, St Petersburg 195043, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Lyu N, Zhang J, Dai Y, Xiang J, Li Y, Xu J. Calcitriol inhibits apoptosis via activation of autophagy in hyperosmotic stress stimulated corneal epithelial cells in vivo and in vitro. Exp Eye Res 2020; 200:108210. [PMID: 32896533 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2020.108210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previously, calcitriol has been demonstrated as a potential therapeutic agent for dry eye, whilst its role on corneal epithelium death remains unclear. This study aims to investigate the relationship between apoptosis and autophagy on dry eye related scenario, as well as the effect of calcitriol and its potential mechanism. METHODS In vitro, immortalized human corneal epithelial cells (iHCEC) were cultured in hyperosmotic medium with or without various concentrations of calcitriol and other reagents. In vivo, Wistar rats were applied with benzalkonium chloride to induce dry eye. Then rats were topically treated with calcitriol (10-6 M) for 14 days. Autophagy flux (LC3B-II and SQSTM1/P62) was examined by western blotting or immunostaining. To test cell apoptosis, western blotting for cleaved caspase-3, Annexin V/PI double staining and TUNEL assay were used. CCK-8 assay was performed to detect the cell viability. Small interfering RNA was used to knock down the expression of vitamin D receptor in iHCECs. RESULTS Autophagy activation could protect iHCECs against HS induced apoptosis in vitro, and calcitriol was able to augment autophagy flux via VDR signaling, shown as the remarkably elevated expression of LC3B-II, as well as the declined p62 expression. In vivo results further supported the protective role of calcitriol on corneal epithelium apoptosis through promoting autophagy in dry eye rats. CONCLUSION The current study indicated that autophagy was an adaptive change of corneal epithelial cells in response to hyperosmotic stress and calcitriol could prevent cells from apoptosis via further activation of autophagy through VDR pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ning Lyu
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiqin Dai
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Xiang
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Li
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianjiang Xu
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kakan SS, Janga SR, Cooperman B, Craig DW, Edman MC, Okamoto CT, Hamm-Alvarez SF. Small RNA Deep Sequencing Identifies a Unique miRNA Signature Released in Serum Exosomes in a Mouse Model of Sjögren's Syndrome. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1475. [PMID: 32849505 PMCID: PMC7396589 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sjögren's Syndrome (SS) is an autoimmune disease characterized by lymphocytic infiltration and loss of function of moisture-producing exocrine glands as well as systemic inflammation. SS diagnosis is cumbersome, subjective and complicated by manifestation of symptoms that overlap with those of other rheumatic and ocular diseases. Definitive diagnosis averages 4–5 years and this delay may lead to irreversible tissue damage. Thus, there is an urgent need for diagnostic biomarkers for earlier detection of SS. Extracellular vesicles called exosomes carry functional small non-coding RNAs which play a critical role in maintaining cellular homeostasis via transcriptional and translational regulation of mRNA. Alterations in levels of specific exosomal miRNAs may be predictive of disease status. Here, we have assessed serum exosomal RNA using next generation sequencing in a discovery cohort of the NOD mouse, a model of early-intermediate SS, to identify dysregulated miRNAs that may be indicative of SS. We found five miRNAs upregulated in serum exosomes of NOD mice with an adjusted p < 0.05—miRNA-127-3p, miRNA-409-3p, miRNA-410-3p, miRNA-541-5p, and miRNA-540-5p. miRNAs 127-3p and 541-5p were also statistically significantly upregulated in a validation cohort of NOD mice. Pathway analysis and existing literature indicates that differential expression of these miRNAs may dysregulate pathways involved in inflammation. Future studies will apply these findings in a human cohort to understand how they are correlated with manifestations of SS as well as understanding their functional role in systemic autoimmunity specific to SS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shruti Singh Kakan
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Srikanth R Janga
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keck School of Medicine, Roski Eye Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Benjamin Cooperman
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - David W Craig
- Department of Translational Genomics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Maria C Edman
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keck School of Medicine, Roski Eye Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Curtis T Okamoto
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Sarah F Hamm-Alvarez
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Department of Ophthalmology, Keck School of Medicine, Roski Eye Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Martínez-Chacón G, Vela FJ, Campos JL, Abellán E, Yakhine-Diop SMS, Ballestín A. Autophagy modulation in animal models of corneal diseases: a systematic review. Mol Cell Biochem 2020; 474:41-55. [PMID: 32710189 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-020-03832-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is an intracellular catabolic process implicated in the recycling and degradation of intracellular components. Few studies have defined its role in corneal pathologies. Animal models are essential for understanding autophagy regulation and identifying new treatments to modulate its effects. A systematic review (SR) was conducted of studies employing animal models for investigations of autophagy in corneal diseases. Studies were identified using a structured search strategy (TS = autophagy AND cornea*) in Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed from inception to September 2019. In this study, 230 articles were collected, of which 28 were analyzed. Mouse models were used in 82% of the studies, while rat, rabbit, and newt models were used in the other 18%. The most studied corneal layer was the epithelium, followed by the endothelium and stroma. In 13 articles, genetically modified animal models were used to study Fuch endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD), granular corneal dystrophy type 2 (GCD2), dry eye disease (DED), and corneal infection. In other 13 articles, animal models were experimentally induced to mimic DED, keratitis, inflammation, and surgical scenarios. Furthermore, in 50% of studies, modulators that activated or inhibited autophagy were also investigated. Protective effects of autophagy activators were demonstrated, including rapamycin for DED and keratitis, lithium for FECD, LYN-1604 for DED, cysteamine and miR-34c antagomir for damaged corneal epithelium. Three autophagy suppressors were also found to have therapeutic effects, such as aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-riboside (AICAR) for corneal allogeneic transplantation, celecoxib and chloroquine for DED.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guadalupe Martínez-Chacón
- Department of Microsurgery, Jesús Usón Minimally Invasive Surgery Centre, 10071, Cáceres, Spain. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Nursing and Occupational Therapy, University of Extremadura, Avda de La Universidad S/N, 10003, Cáceres, Spain. .,Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), 28049, Madrid, Spain. .,Instituto Universitario de Investigación Biosanitaria de Extremadura (INUBE), 10003, Cáceres, Spain.
| | - Francisco Javier Vela
- Department of Microsurgery, Jesús Usón Minimally Invasive Surgery Centre, 10071, Cáceres, Spain
| | - José Luis Campos
- Department of Microsurgery, Jesús Usón Minimally Invasive Surgery Centre, 10071, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Elena Abellán
- Department of Microsurgery, Jesús Usón Minimally Invasive Surgery Centre, 10071, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Sokhna M S Yakhine-Diop
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Nursing and Occupational Therapy, University of Extremadura, Avda de La Universidad S/N, 10003, Cáceres, Spain.,Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), 28049, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto Universitario de Investigación Biosanitaria de Extremadura (INUBE), 10003, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Alberto Ballestín
- Department of Microsurgery, Jesús Usón Minimally Invasive Surgery Centre, 10071, Cáceres, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Kaluzhny Y, Kinuthia MW, Lapointe AM, Truong T, Klausner M, Hayden P. Oxidative stress in corneal injuries of different origin: Utilization of 3D human corneal epithelial tissue model. Exp Eye Res 2019; 190:107867. [PMID: 31705899 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2019.107867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the current work was to utilize a three dimensional (3D) corneal epithelial tissue model to study dry eye disease and oxidative stress-related corneal epithelial injuries for the advancement of ocular therapeutics. Air-liquid interface cultures of normal human corneal epithelial cells were used to produce 3D corneal epithelial tissues appropriate for physiologically relevant exposure to environmental factors. Oxidative stress was generated by exposing the tissues to non-toxic doses of ultraviolet radiation (UV), hydrogen peroxide, vesicating agent nitrogen mustard, or desiccating conditions that stimulated morphological, cellular, and molecular changes relevant to dry eye disease. Corneal specific responses, including barrier function, tissue viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, lipid peroxidation, cytokine release, histology, and gene expression were evaluated. 3D corneal epithelial tissue model structurally and functionally reproduced key features of molecular responses of various types of oxidative stress-induced ocular damage. The most pronounced effects for different treatments were: UV irradiation - intracellular ROS accumulation; hydrogen peroxide exposure - barrier impairment and IL-8 release; nitrogen mustard exposure - lipid peroxidation and IL-8 release; desiccating conditions - tissue thinning, a decline in mucin expression, increased lipid peroxidation and IL-8 release. Utilizing a PCR gene array, we compared the effects of corneal epithelial damage on the expression of 84 oxidative stress-responsive genes and found specific molecular responses for each type of damage. The topical application of lubricant eye drops improved tissue morphology while decreasing lipid peroxidation and IL-8 release from tissues incubated at desiccating conditions. This model is anticipated to be a valuable tool to study molecular mechanisms of corneal epithelial damage and aid in the development of therapies against dry eye disease, oxidative stress- and vesicant-induced ocular injuries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yulia Kaluzhny
- MatTek Corporation, 200 Homer Avenue, Ashland, MA, 01721, USA.
| | | | | | - Thoa Truong
- MatTek Corporation, 200 Homer Avenue, Ashland, MA, 01721, USA.
| | | | - Patrick Hayden
- MatTek Corporation, 200 Homer Avenue, Ashland, MA, 01721, USA.
| |
Collapse
|