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Kaluzhny Y, Kinuthia MW, Lapointe AM, Truong T, Klausner M, Hayden P. Oxidative stress in corneal injuries of different origin: Utilization of 3D human corneal epithelial tissue model. Exp Eye Res 2019; 190:107867. [PMID: 31705899 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2019.107867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the current work was to utilize a three dimensional (3D) corneal epithelial tissue model to study dry eye disease and oxidative stress-related corneal epithelial injuries for the advancement of ocular therapeutics. Air-liquid interface cultures of normal human corneal epithelial cells were used to produce 3D corneal epithelial tissues appropriate for physiologically relevant exposure to environmental factors. Oxidative stress was generated by exposing the tissues to non-toxic doses of ultraviolet radiation (UV), hydrogen peroxide, vesicating agent nitrogen mustard, or desiccating conditions that stimulated morphological, cellular, and molecular changes relevant to dry eye disease. Corneal specific responses, including barrier function, tissue viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, lipid peroxidation, cytokine release, histology, and gene expression were evaluated. 3D corneal epithelial tissue model structurally and functionally reproduced key features of molecular responses of various types of oxidative stress-induced ocular damage. The most pronounced effects for different treatments were: UV irradiation - intracellular ROS accumulation; hydrogen peroxide exposure - barrier impairment and IL-8 release; nitrogen mustard exposure - lipid peroxidation and IL-8 release; desiccating conditions - tissue thinning, a decline in mucin expression, increased lipid peroxidation and IL-8 release. Utilizing a PCR gene array, we compared the effects of corneal epithelial damage on the expression of 84 oxidative stress-responsive genes and found specific molecular responses for each type of damage. The topical application of lubricant eye drops improved tissue morphology while decreasing lipid peroxidation and IL-8 release from tissues incubated at desiccating conditions. This model is anticipated to be a valuable tool to study molecular mechanisms of corneal epithelial damage and aid in the development of therapies against dry eye disease, oxidative stress- and vesicant-induced ocular injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia Kaluzhny
- MatTek Corporation, 200 Homer Avenue, Ashland, MA, 01721, USA.
| | | | | | - Thoa Truong
- MatTek Corporation, 200 Homer Avenue, Ashland, MA, 01721, USA.
| | | | - Patrick Hayden
- MatTek Corporation, 200 Homer Avenue, Ashland, MA, 01721, USA.
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Morningstar J, Lee J, Hendry-Hofer T, Witeof A, Lyle LT, Knipp G, MacRae CA, Boss GR, Peterson RT, Davisson VJ, Gerszten RE, Bebarta VS, Mahon S, Brenner M, Nath AK. Intramuscular administration of hexachloroplatinate reverses cyanide-induced metabolic derangements and counteracts severe cyanide poisoning. FASEB Bioadv 2018; 1:81-92. [PMID: 31355359 PMCID: PMC6660183 DOI: 10.1096/fba.1024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyanide is a highly toxic industrial chemical that is widely used by manufactures. Smoke inhalation during household fires is the most common source of cyanide poisoning while additional risks to civilians include industrial accidents and terrorist attacks. Despite the risks to large numbers of individuals, an antidote capable of administration at scale adequate for a mass casualty, prehospital scenario does not yet exist. Previously, we demonstrated that intravenous cisplatin analogues accelerate recovery from cyanide poisoning in mice and rabbits. Of the dozens of platinum‐based organometallic complexes tested, hexachloroplatinate (HCP) emerged as a promising lead compound, exhibiting strong affinity for cyanide and efficacy across model systems. Here, we show HCP is an antidote to lethal cyanide exposure and is importantly effective when delivered intramuscularly. The pharmacokinetic profile of HCP exhibited bioavailability in the systemic circulation 2.5 minutes post‐treatment and subsequent renal clearance of HCP‐cyanide. HCP restored parameters of cellular physiology including cytochrome c oxidase redox state and TCA cycle metabolism. We next validated these findings in a large animal model (swine). Finally, preclinical safety studies in mice revealed minimal toxicity. Cumulatively, these findings demonstrate that HCP is a promising lead compound for development of an intramuscular injectable cyanide antidote for mass casualty scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Morningstar
- Department of Cardiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jangwoen Lee
- Beckman Laser Institute and Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Tara Hendry-Hofer
- Deparment of Emergency Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Alyssa Witeof
- Deparment of Emergency Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - L Tiffany Lyle
- Department of Comparative Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Gregg Knipp
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Calum A MacRae
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Gerry R Boss
- Deparment of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Randall T Peterson
- Deparment of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA
| | - Vincent J Davisson
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Robert E Gerszten
- Department of Cardiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Vikhyat S Bebarta
- Deparment of Emergency Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Sari Mahon
- Beckman Laser Institute and Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Matt Brenner
- Beckman Laser Institute and Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Anjali K Nath
- Department of Cardiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
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Lee J, Rockwood G, Logue B, Manandhar E, Petrikovics I, Han C, Bebarta V, Mahon SB, Burney T, Brenner M. Monitoring Dose Response of Cyanide Antidote Dimethyl Trisulfide in Rabbits Using Diffuse Optical Spectroscopy. J Med Toxicol 2018; 14:295-305. [PMID: 30094773 DOI: 10.1007/s13181-018-0680-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cyanide (CN) poisoning is a serious chemical threat from accidental or intentional exposures. Current CN exposure treatments, including direct binding agents, methemoglobin donors, and sulfur donors, have several limitations. Dimethyl trisulfide (DMTS) is capable of reacting with CN to form the less toxic thiocyanate with high efficiency, even without the sulfurtransferase rhodanese. We investigated a soluble DMTS formulation with the potential to provide a continuous supply of substrate for CN detoxification which could be delivered via intramuscular (IM) injection in a mass casualty situation. We also used non-invasive technology, diffuse optical spectroscopy (DOS), to monitor physiologic changes associated with CN exposure and reversal. METHODS Thirty-six New Zealand white rabbits were infused with a lethal dose of sodium cyanide solution (20 mg/60 ml normal saline). Animals were divided into three groups and treated with saline, low dose (20 mg), or high dose (150 mg) of DMTS intramuscularly. DOS continuously assessed changes in tissue hemoglobin concentrations and cytochrome c oxidase redox state status throughout the experiment. RESULTS IM injection of DMTS increased the survival in lethal CN poisoning. DOS demonstrated that high-dose DMTS (150 mg) reversed the effects of CN exposure on cytochrome c oxidase, while low dose (20 mg) did not fully reverse effects, even in surviving animals. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated potential efficacy for the novel approach of supplying substrate for non-rhodanese mediated sulfur transferase pathways for CN detoxification via intramuscular injection in a moderate size animal model and showed that DOS was useful for optimizing the DMTS treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jangwoen Lee
- Beckman Laser Institute, University of California, 1002 Health Sciences Rd. East, Irvine, CA, 92612, USA.
| | - Gary Rockwood
- Analytical Toxicology Division, US Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense, 2900 Rickets Point Road, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Aberdeen, MD, 21010, USA
| | - Brian Logue
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, South Dakota University, Brookings, SD, 57007, USA
| | - Erica Manandhar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, South Dakota University, Brookings, SD, 57007, USA
| | - Ilona Petrikovics
- Department of Chemistry, Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, TX, 77341, USA
| | - Changhoon Han
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital, Goyang-si, Geonggi-do, 10444, South Korea
| | - Vik Bebarta
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Sari B Mahon
- Beckman Laser Institute, University of California, 1002 Health Sciences Rd. East, Irvine, CA, 92612, USA
| | - Tanya Burney
- Beckman Laser Institute, University of California, 1002 Health Sciences Rd. East, Irvine, CA, 92612, USA
| | - Matthew Brenner
- Beckman Laser Institute, University of California, 1002 Health Sciences Rd. East, Irvine, CA, 92612, USA
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92868, USA
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