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Targett IL, Crompton LA, Conway ME, Craig TJ. Differentiation of SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells using retinoic acid and BDNF: a model for neuronal and synaptic differentiation in neurodegeneration. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2024:10.1007/s11626-024-00948-6. [PMID: 39017752 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-024-00948-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
There has been much interest in the use of cell culture models of neurones, to avoid the animal welfare and cost issues of using primary and human-induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived neurones respectively. The human neuroblastoma cell line, SH-SY5Y, is extensively used in laboratories as they can be readily expanded, are of low cost and can be differentiated into neuronal-like cells. However, much debate remains as to their phenotype once differentiated, and their ability to recapitulate the physiology of bona fide neurones. Here, we characterise a differentiation protocol using retinoic acid and BDNF, which results in extensive neurite outgrowth/branching within 10 days, and expression of key neuronal and synaptic markers. We propose that these differentiated SH-SY5Y cells may be a useful substitute for primary or hiPSC-derived neurones for cell biology studies, in order to reduce costs and animal usage. We further propose that this characterised differentiation timecourse could be used as an in vitro model for neuronal differentiation, for proof-of principle studies on neurogenesis, e.g. relating to neurodegenerative diseases. Finally, we demonstrate profound changes in Tau phosphorylation during differentiation of these cells, suggesting that they should not be used for neurodegeneration studies in their undifferentiated state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imogen L Targett
- Centre for Research in Biosciences, School of Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Bristol, BS16 1QY, UK
| | - Lucy A Crompton
- Centre for Research in Biosciences, School of Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Bristol, BS16 1QY, UK
| | | | - Tim J Craig
- Centre for Research in Biosciences, School of Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Bristol, BS16 1QY, UK.
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Chen R, Zhang S, Peng G, Meng W, Borchert G, Wang W, Yu Z, Liao H, Ge Z, He M, Zhu Z. Deep neural network-estimated age using optical coherence tomography predicts mortality. GeroScience 2024; 46:1703-1711. [PMID: 37733221 PMCID: PMC10828229 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-023-00920-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The concept of biological age has emerged as a measurement that reflects physiological and functional decline with ageing. Here we aimed to develop a deep neural network (DNN) model that predicts biological age from optical coherence tomography (OCT). A total of 84,753 high-quality OCT images from 53,159 individuals in the UK Biobank were included, among which 12,631 3D-OCT images from 8,541 participants without any reported medical conditions at baseline were used to develop an age prediction model. For the remaining 44,618 participants, OCT age gap, the difference between the OCT-predicted age and chronological age, was calculated for each participant. Cox regression models assessed the association between OCT age gap and mortality. The DNN model predicted age with a mean absolute error of 3.27 years and showed a strong correlation of 0.85 with chronological age. After a median follow-up of 11.0 years (IQR 10.9-11.1 years), 2,429 deaths (5.44%) were recorded. For each 5-year increase in OCT age gap, there was an 8% increased mortality risk (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.08, CI:1.02-1.13, P = 0.004). Compared with an OCT age gap within ± 4 years, OCT age gap less than minus 4 years was associated with a 16% decreased mortality risk (HR = 0.84, CI: 0.75-0.94, P = 0.002) and OCT age gap more than 4 years showed an 18% increased risk of death incidence (HR = 1.18, CI: 1.02-1.37, P = 0.026). OCT imaging could serve as an ageing biomarker to predict biological age with high accuracy and the OCT age gap, defined as the difference between the OCT-predicted age and chronological age, can be used as a marker of the risk of mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiye Chen
- Centre for Eye Research Australia; Ophthalmology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Shiran Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guankai Peng
- Guangzhou Vision Tech Medical Technology Co., Ltd, GuangZhou, China
| | - Wei Meng
- Guangzhou Vision Tech Medical Technology Co., Ltd, GuangZhou, China
| | - Grace Borchert
- Centre for Eye Research Australia; Ophthalmology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhen Yu
- Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Huan Liao
- Epigenetics and Neural Plasticity Laboratory, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Zongyuan Ge
- Faculty of IT, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Monash Medical AI, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Mingguang He
- Centre for Eye Research Australia; Ophthalmology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
- Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Zhuoting Zhu
- Centre for Eye Research Australia; Ophthalmology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
- Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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Morderer D, Wren MC, Liu F, Kouri N, Maistrenko A, Khalil B, Pobitzer N, Salemi M, Phinney BS, Dickson DW, Murray ME, Rossoll W. Probe-dependent Proximity Profiling (ProPPr) Uncovers Similarities and Differences in Phospho-Tau-Associated Proteomes Between Tauopathies. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.25.585597. [PMID: 38585836 PMCID: PMC10996607 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.25.585597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Tauopathies represent a diverse group of neurodegenerative disorders characterized by the abnormal aggregation of the microtubule-associated protein tau. Despite extensive research, the precise mechanisms underlying the complexity of different types of tau pathology remain incompletely understood. Here we describe an approach for proteomic profiling of aggregate-associated proteomes on slides with formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue that utilizes proximity labelling upon high preservation of aggregate morphology, which permits the profiling of pathological aggregates regardless of their size. To comprehensively investigate the common and unique protein interactors associated with the variety of tau lesions present across different human tauopathies, Alzheimer's disease (AD), corticobasal degeneration (CBD), Pick's disease (PiD), and progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), were selected to represent the major tauopathy diseases. Implementation of our widely applicable Probe-dependent Proximity Profiling (ProPPr) strategy, using the AT8 antibody, permitted identification and quantification of proteins associated with phospho-tau lesions in well-characterized human post-mortem tissue. The analysis revealed both common and disease-specific proteins associated with phospho-tau aggregates, highlighting potential targets for therapeutic intervention and biomarker development. Candidate validation through high-resolution co-immunofluorescence of distinct aggregates across disease and control cases, confirmed the association of retromer complex protein VPS35 with phospho-tau lesions across the studied tauopathies. Furthermore, we discovered disease-specific associations of proteins including ferritin light chain (FTL) and the neuropeptide precursor VGF within distinct pathological lesions. Notably, examination of FTL-positive microglia in CBD astrocytic plaques indicate a potential role for microglial involvement in the pathogenesis of these tau lesions. Our findings provide valuable insights into the proteomic landscape of tauopathies, shedding light on the molecular mechanisms underlying tau pathology. This first comprehensive characterization of tau-associated proteomes across different tauopathies enhances our understanding of disease heterogeneity and provides a resource for future functional investigation, as well as development of targeted therapies and diagnostic biomarkers.
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Matynia A, Recio BS, Myers Z, Parikh S, Goit RK, Brecha NC, Pérez de Sevilla Müller L. Preservation of Intrinsically Photosensitive Retinal Ganglion Cells (ipRGCs) in Late Adult Mice: Implications as a Potential Biomarker for Early Onset Ocular Degenerative Diseases. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2024; 65:28. [PMID: 38224335 PMCID: PMC10793389 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.65.1.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) play a crucial role in non-image-forming visual functions. Given their significant loss observed in various ocular degenerative diseases at early stages, this study aimed to assess changes in both the morphology and associated behavioral functions of ipRGCs in mice between 6 (mature) and 12 (late adult) months old. The findings contribute to understanding the preservation of ipRGCs in late adults and their potential as a biomarker for early ocular degenerative diseases. Methods Female and male C57BL/6J mice were used to assess the behavioral consequences of aging to mature and old adults, including pupillary light reflex, light aversion, visual acuity, and contrast sensitivity. Immunohistochemistry on retinal wholemounts from these mice was then conducted to evaluate ipRGC dendritic morphology in the ganglion cell layer (GCL) and inner nuclear layer (INL). Results Morphological analysis showed that ipRGC dendritic field complexity was remarkably stable through 12 months old of age. Similarly, the pupillary light reflex, visual acuity, and contrast sensitivity were stable in mature and old adults. Although alterations were observed in ipRGC-independent light aversion distinct from the pupillary light reflex, aged wild-type mice continuously showed enhanced light aversion with dilation. No effect of sex was observed in any tests. Conclusions The preservation of both ipRGC morphology and function highlights the potential of ipRGC-mediated function as a valuable biomarker for ocular diseases characterized by early ipRGC loss. The consistent stability of ipRGCs in mature and old adult mice suggests that detected changes in ipRGC-mediated functions could serve as early indicators or diagnostic tools for early-onset conditions such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and diabetes, where ipRGC loss has been documented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Matynia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jules Stein Eye Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States
- Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Brandy S. Recio
- Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Zachary Myers
- Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Sachin Parikh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jules Stein Eye Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States
- Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Rajesh Kumar Goit
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jules Stein Eye Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States
- Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Nicholas C. Brecha
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jules Stein Eye Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States
- Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States
- Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Luis Pérez de Sevilla Müller
- Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States
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Li L, Peng X, Jiang N, Yan M, Zheng Z, Zhang D, Zhang L. The influence of smoking on retinal ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer complex in male diabetes. Cutan Ocul Toxicol 2023; 42:253-257. [PMID: 37585689 DOI: 10.1080/15569527.2023.2245034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aims to evaluate the influence of smoking on ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer complex (GC-IPL) thickness and central macular thickness (CMT) measured by spectral domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) in male diabetes. METHODS 90 smoking and 90 never-smoking male subjects were included in this study. They were divided into six groups based on the diagnostic criteria for diabetes and the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) classification: smoking healthy subjects (SH, n = 20), non-smoking healthy subjects (NSH, n = 20), smoking diabetic patients without diabetic retinopathy (SNDR, n = 40), non-smoking diabetic patients without diabetic retinopathy (NSNDR, n = 40), smoking diabetic patients with diabetic retinopathy (SDR, n = 30), and non-smoking diabetic patients with diabetic retinopathy (NSDR, n = 30). After a full ophthalmologic examination, GC-IPL thickness and central macular thickness (CMT) were measured by OCT. Statistical analysis was performed to compare GC-IPL thickness and CMT between groups. Multiple linear regression equations were constructed to explore the potential risk factors of mean GC-IPL thickness. RESULTS There were no significant differences in GC-IPL thickness and CMT between SH and NSH (all p > 0.05). Mean, superonasal, superior, superotemporal, inferonasal, inferior GC-IPL (p<0.001, p<0.001, p<0.001, p = 0.003, p = 0.001, and p = 0.005, respectively) were thinner in the SNDR than NSNDR except for inferotemporal GC-IPL thickness and CMT (p = 0.066, p = 0.605, respectively). Mean, superonasal, superior, and inferonasal GC-IPL were thinner in the SDR than NSDR (p = 0.019, p = 0.045, p = 0.037, and p = 0.049, respectively). Multiple regression analysis demonstrated that age (β [SE], -0.141 [0.060]; p = 0.020) and smoking (β [SE], -4.470 [1.015]; p<0.001) were the most important determinants for mean GC-IPL thickness. CONCLUSION Smoking is associated with reduced retinal GC-IPL thickness in male diabetes. Smoking behavior and age are important determinants of mean GC-IPL thickness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xudong Peng
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Nan Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Meng Yan
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhaoxia Zheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Duo Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lina Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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Pandino I, Giammaria S, Zingale GA, Roberti G, Michelessi M, Coletta M, Manni G, Agnifili L, Vercellin AV, Harris A, Oddone F, Sbardella D. Ubiquitin proteasome system and glaucoma: A survey of genetics and molecular biology studies supporting a link with pathogenic and therapeutic relevance. Mol Aspects Med 2023; 94:101226. [PMID: 37950974 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2023.101226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/13/2023]
Abstract
Glaucoma represents a group of progressive neurodegenerative diseases characterized by the loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and their axons with subsequent visual field impairment. The disease develops through largely uncharacterized molecular mechanisms, that are likely to occur in different localized cell types, either in the anterior (e.g., trabecular meshwork cells) or posterior (e.g., Muller glia, retinal ganglion cells) segments of the eye. Genomic and preclinical studies suggest that glaucoma pathogenesis may develop through altered ubiquitin (Ub) signaling. Ubiquitin conjugation, referred to as ubiquitylation, is a major post-synthetic modification catalyzed by E1-E2-E3 enzymes, that profoundly regulates the turnover, trafficking and biological activity of the targeted protein. The development of new technologies, including proteomics workflows, allows the biology of ubiquitin signaling to be described in health and disease. This post-translational modification is emerging as a key role player in neurodegeneration, gaining relevance for novel therapeutic options, such as in the case of Proteolysis Targeting Chimeras technology. Although scientific evidence supports a link between Ub and glaucoma, their relationship is still not well-understood. Therefore, this review provides a detailed research-oriented discussion on current evidence of Ub signaling in glaucoma. A review of genomic and genetic data is provided followed by an in-depth discussion of experimental data on ASB10, parkin and optineurin, which are proteins that play a key role in Ub signaling and have been associated with glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Gianluca Manni
- IRCCS Fondazione Bietti, Rome, Italy; DSCMT University of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Agnifili
- Ophthalmology Clinic, Department of Medicine and Aging Science, University "G. D'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | | | - Alon Harris
- Department of Ophthalmology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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Marquina S, Ozgul M, Robertson-Brown K, Kenney MC. A review on PLGA particles as a sustained drug-delivery system and its effect on the retina. Exp Eye Res 2023; 235:109626. [PMID: 37652091 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2023.109626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
In this review, the designs and recent developments of polymer-based drug delivery of Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) will be discussed for the possible treatment of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). PLGA is a versatile co-polymer that consists of synthetic lactic acid and glycolic acid monomers that are constructed to produce nanoparticles, microparticles, and scaffolds for the intraocular delivery of various drugs. As an FDA-approved polymer, PLGA has historically been well-suited for systemic slow-sustained release therapies due to its performance in biodegradability and biocompatibility. This review will examine recent in vitro and in vivo studies that provide evidence for PLGA-based particles as a therapeutic drug carrier for the treatment of AMD. Anti-angiogenic and antiproliferative effects of small peptides, small molecules, RNA molecules, and proteins within PLGA particles are briefly discussed. AMD is a leading cause of central vision loss in people over 55 years and the number of those afflicted will rise as the aging population increases. AMD has two forms that are often sequential. Dry AMD and wet AMD account for 85-90% and 10-15% of cases, respectively. The distinct categories of PLGA-based drug delivery vehicles are important for dispensing novel small molecules, RNA molecules, peptides, and proteins as a long-term effective treatment of AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvana Marquina
- School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, 843 Health Sciences Road, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
| | - Mustafa Ozgul
- Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of California Irvine, 843 Health Sciences Road, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
| | - Kenneth Robertson-Brown
- School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, 843 Health Sciences Road, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - M Cristina Kenney
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Irvine, 843 Health Sciences Road, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
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Tong J, Khou V, Trinh M, Alonso‐Caneiro D, Zangerl B, Kalloniatis M. Derivation of human retinal cell densities using high-density, spatially localized optical coherence tomography data from the human retina. J Comp Neurol 2023; 531:1108-1125. [PMID: 37073514 PMCID: PMC10953454 DOI: 10.1002/cne.25483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
This study sought to identify demographic variations in retinal thickness measurements from optical coherence tomography (OCT), to enable the calculation of cell density parameters across the neural layers of the healthy human macula. From macular OCTs (n = 247), ganglion cell (GCL), inner nuclear (INL), and inner segment-outer segment (ISOS) layer measurements were extracted using a customized high-density grid. Variations with age, sex, ethnicity, and refractive error were assessed with multiple linear regression analyses, with age-related distributions further assessed using hierarchical cluster analysis and regression models. Models were tested on a naïve healthy cohort (n = 40) with Mann-Whitney tests to determine generalizability. Quantitative cell density data were calculated from histological data from previous human studies. Eccentricity-dependent variations in OCT retinal thickness closely resemble topographic cell density maps from human histological studies. Age was consistently identified as significantly impacting retinal thickness (p = .0006, .0007, and .003 for GCL, INL and ISOS), with gender affecting ISOS only (p < .0001). Regression models demonstrated that age-related changes in the GCL and INL begin in the 30th decade and were linear for the ISOS. Model testing revealed significant differences in INL and ISOS thickness (p = .0008 and .0001; however, differences fell within the OCT's axial resolution. Qualitative comparisons show close alignment between OCT and histological cell densities when using unique, high-resolution OCT data, and correction for demographics-related variability. Overall, this study describes a process to calculate in vivo cell density from OCT for all neural layers of the human retina, providing a framework for basic science and clinical investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janelle Tong
- Centre for Eye HealthUniversity of New South Wales (UNSW)New South WalesSydneyAustralia
- School of Optometry and Vision ScienceUniversity of New South Wales (UNSW)New South WalesSydneyAustralia
| | - Vincent Khou
- Centre for Eye HealthUniversity of New South Wales (UNSW)New South WalesSydneyAustralia
- School of Optometry and Vision ScienceUniversity of New South Wales (UNSW)New South WalesSydneyAustralia
| | - Matt Trinh
- Centre for Eye HealthUniversity of New South Wales (UNSW)New South WalesSydneyAustralia
- School of Optometry and Vision ScienceUniversity of New South Wales (UNSW)New South WalesSydneyAustralia
| | - David Alonso‐Caneiro
- School of Optometry and Vision ScienceCentre for Vision and Eye ResearchContact Lens and Visual Optics LaboratoryQueensland University of TechnologyQueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
- School of Science, Technology and EngineeringUniversity of Sunshine CoastQueenslandSippy DownsAustralia
| | - Barbara Zangerl
- School of Optometry and Vision ScienceUniversity of New South Wales (UNSW)New South WalesSydneyAustralia
- Coronary Care UnitRoyal Prince Alfred HospitalNew South WalesSydneyAustralia
| | - Michael Kalloniatis
- Centre for Eye HealthUniversity of New South Wales (UNSW)New South WalesSydneyAustralia
- School of Optometry and Vision ScienceUniversity of New South Wales (UNSW)New South WalesSydneyAustralia
- Department of OptometrySchool of MedicineDeakin UniversityVictoriaWaurn PondsAustralia
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Wang X, Sadda SR, Ip MS, Sarraf D, Zhang Y. In Vivo Longitudinal Measurement of Cone Photoreceptor Density in Intermediate Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Am J Ophthalmol 2023; 248:60-75. [PMID: 36436549 PMCID: PMC10038851 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2022.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate cone photoreceptor density in clinically unremarkable retinal regions in patients with age-related macular degeneration (AMD) using adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (AOSLO). DESIGN Prospective case series with normal comparison group. METHODS Ten eyes of 7 patients with intermediate AMD were studied, including 4 with predominantly subretinal drusenoid deposits (SDD) and 3 without SDD. Macular regions with a clinical absence of AMD-associated lesions were identified by cone packing structure on AOSLO and optical coherence tomography. Cone density was measured in 1174 clinically unremarkable regions within the central subfield (CSF), the inner (IR), and outer rings (OR) of the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study grid over 39.6 ± 3.3 months and compared with age-matched normal values obtained in 17 participants. RESULTS Cone density decreased at 98.3% of the examined locations over time in the eyes with AMD. In the CSF, IR, and OR, cones declined by -255 ± 135, -133 ± 45, and -59 ± 24 cones/degree2/year, respectively, in eyes with SDD, and by -212 ± 89, -83 ± 37, and -27 ± 18 cones/degree2/year, respectively, in eyes without SDD. The percentage of retinal loci with cone density lower than normal (Z score < -2) increased over the follow-up: from 42% at the baseline to 80% at the last visit in eyes with SDD and from 31% to 70% in eyes without SDD. CONCLUSIONS AOSLO revealed cone photoreceptor loss in regions that appear otherwise unremarkable clinically. These findings may help explain the loss of mesopic sensitivity reported in these areas in eyes with intermediate AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Wang
- From the Doheny Eye Institute (X.W., S.R.S., M.I., Y.Z.), Pasadena, California
| | - SriniVas R Sadda
- From the Doheny Eye Institute (X.W., S.R.S., M.I., Y.Z.), Pasadena, California; Department of Ophthalmology, University of California-Los Angeles (S.R.S., M.I., D.S., Y.Z.), Los Angeles, California
| | - Michael S Ip
- From the Doheny Eye Institute (X.W., S.R.S., M.I., Y.Z.), Pasadena, California; Department of Ophthalmology, University of California-Los Angeles (S.R.S., M.I., D.S., Y.Z.), Los Angeles, California
| | - David Sarraf
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California-Los Angeles (S.R.S., M.I., D.S., Y.Z.), Los Angeles, California; Stein Eye Institute (David Sarraf), Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Yuhua Zhang
- From the Doheny Eye Institute (X.W., S.R.S., M.I., Y.Z.), Pasadena, California; Department of Ophthalmology, University of California-Los Angeles (S.R.S., M.I., D.S., Y.Z.), Los Angeles, California.
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10
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Ghanem Kadhim Z, Mohammad NK. Effect of aging and lifestyle on healthy macular photoreceptors and retinal pigment epithelium-Bruch membrane complex thickness. Eur J Ophthalmol 2023; 33:441-447. [PMID: 35585693 DOI: 10.1177/11206721221101372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Investigate how aging and some lifestyle factors correlate with changes in macular photoreceptor and retinal pigment epithelium-Bruch membrane complex layers thickness in a sample of healthy population by using OCT segmentation technique. SUBJECTS AND METHODS A cross-sectional study conducted at the ophthalmology department in the Medical City in Baghdad. All participants underwent an interview of medical history and lifestyle habits. Maculae of all participants were scanned using spectral domain optical coherence tomography, followed by manual segmentation of retinal layers. RESULTS The study included 152 healthy participants (152 eyes), their mean age was 57.3 ± 6.7 years, gender distribution was 82(53.9%) males and 70(46.1%) females. There was a decrement in retinal pigment epithelium-Bruch membrane layer thickness at central subfield (500 µm radius from fovea minimum) by - 0.178 µm/year (p = 0.019), inner macula (500-1500 µm radius from fovea minimum) by - 0.263 µm/year (p = 0.002), outer macula (1500-3000 µm radius from fovea minimum) by - 0.225 µm/year (p = 0.015) with no statistically significant effect on photoreceptor thickness. Physical activity and smoking had statistically no significant effect on these layers thickness, however smokers had higher photoreceptor thickness at fovea minimum and central subfield. Body mass index increase by one kg/m2 correlated with a decrement in photoreceptor layer thickness by - 0.108 µm (p = 0.007). CONCLUSION Aging process affected the retinal pigment epithelium-Bruch membrane complex and photoreceptor layer thickness in a healthy population, and this process can be slowed down by avoiding some lifestyles which aggravate these changes like obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Najah K Mohammad
- Ophthalmology, Baghdad University- College of Medicine, Baghdad, Iraq
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11
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Kiraly P, Smrekar J, Jaki Mekjavić P. Biomarkers predicting central serous chorioretinopathy episode persistence. Eur J Ophthalmol 2022; 33:11206721221137153. [PMID: 36377260 DOI: 10.1177/11206721221137153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to identify biomarkers at presentation that are associated with a persistent central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) episode. METHODS The prospective study included 35 patients with an acute CSC episode. Potential clinical and imaging biomarkers were evaluated at baseline and 3 months from the episode onset. As biomarkers age, sex, steroid use, episode recurrence, central retinal thickness (CRT), macular volume (MV), choroidal thickness (CT), pigment epithelial detachment (PED) height, and width, number of retinal hyperreflective foci (HF), leakage pattern, and area of retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) alterations were investigated. RESULTS At 3 months from the CSC episode onset, spontaneous resolution occurred in 19 patients, while 16 patients had a persistent CSC episode. The group of patients with a persistent episode was statistically significantly associated with female sex (p = 0.032), older age (p = 0.015), wider PED (p = 0.005), and higher number of HF (p = 0.02). Moreover, this group of patients had a significant association with thinner choroid and diffuse RPE alterations as a pair (p = 0.008). CONCLUSIONS Older and female CSC patients with wider PED, increased number of HF, thinner choroid, and diffuse RPE alterations at presentation are inclined to episode persistence and could benefit from earlier treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Kiraly
- 574106Oxford Eye Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
- Eye Hospital, 37664University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Medicine, 37667University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jaka Smrekar
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, 172465University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Polona Jaki Mekjavić
- Eye Hospital, 37664University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Medicine, 37667University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- 61790Institute Jožef Stefan, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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12
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Kowalczuk L, Dornier R, Kunzi M, Iskandar A, Misutkova Z, Gryczka A, Navarro A, Jeunet F, Mantel I, Behar-Cohen F, Laforest T, Moser C. In Vivo Retinal Pigment Epithelium Imaging using Transscleral Optical Imaging in Healthy Eyes. OPHTHALMOLOGY SCIENCE 2022; 3:100234. [PMID: 36545259 PMCID: PMC9762198 DOI: 10.1016/j.xops.2022.100234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective To image healthy retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells in vivo using Transscleral OPtical Imaging (TOPI) and to analyze statistics of RPE cell features as a function of age, axial length (AL), and eccentricity. Design Single-center, exploratory, prospective, and descriptive clinical study. Participants Forty-nine eyes (AL: 24.03 ± 0.93 mm; range: 21.9-26.7 mm) from 29 participants aged 21 to 70 years (37.1 ± 13.3 years; 19 men, 10 women). Methods Retinal images, including fundus photography and spectral-domain OCT, AL, and refractive error measurements were collected at baseline. For each eye, 6 high-resolution RPE images were acquired using TOPI at different locations, one of them being imaged 5 times to evaluate the repeatability of the method. Follow-up ophthalmic examination was repeated 1 to 3 weeks after TOPI to assess safety. Retinal pigment epithelial images were analyzed with a custom automated software to extract cell parameters. Statistical analysis of the selected high-contrast images included calculation of coefficient of variation (CoV) for each feature at each repetition and Spearman and Mann-Whitney tests to investigate the relationship between cell features and eye and subject characteristics. Main Outcome Measures Retinal pigment epithelial cell features: density, area, center-to-center spacing, number of neighbors, circularity, elongation, solidity, and border distance CoV. Results Macular RPE cell features were extracted from TOPI images at an eccentricity of 1.6° to 16.3° from the fovea. For each feature, the mean CoV was < 4%. Spearman test showed correlation within RPE cell features. In the perifovea, the region in which images were selected for all participants, longer AL significantly correlated with decreased RPE cell density (R Spearman, Rs = -0.746; P < 0.0001) and increased cell area (Rs = 0.668; P < 0.0001), without morphologic changes. Aging was also significantly correlated with decreased RPE density (Rs = -0.391; P = 0.036) and increased cell area (Rs = 0.454; P = 0.013). Lower circular, less symmetric, more elongated, and larger cells were observed in those > 50 years. Conclusions The TOPI technology imaged RPE cells in vivo with a repeatability of < 4% for the CoV and was used to analyze the influence of physiologic factors on RPE cell morphometry in the perifovea of healthy volunteers. Financial Disclosures Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found after the references.
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Key Words
- AF, autofluorescence
- AL, axial length
- AO, adaptive optics
- Adaptive Optics Transscleral Flood Illumination
- BCVA, best-corrected visual acuity
- CCS, center-to-center spacing
- CoV, coefficient of variation
- D, diopters
- FOV, field of view
- Healthy volunteers
- High resolution retinal imaging
- IOP, intraocular pressure
- NIR, near-infrared
- PRL, preferred retinal locus
- QC, quality criterion
- RE, refractive error
- RPE, retinal pigment epithelium
- Retinal Pigment Epithelium
- SD, standard deviation
- SLO, scanning laser ophthalmoscope
- TOPI, transscleral optical imaging
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Kowalczuk
- Laboratory of Applied Photonic Devices, School of Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland,Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland,Jules-Gonin Eye Hospital, Fondation Asile des aveugles, Lausanne, Switzerland,Correspondence: Laura Kowalczuk, PhD, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, School of Engineering, Institute of Electrical and Micro-engineering, Laboratory of Applied Photonics Devices, BM 4127, Station 17, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Rémy Dornier
- Laboratory of Applied Photonic Devices, School of Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mathieu Kunzi
- Laboratory of Applied Photonic Devices, School of Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Antonio Iskandar
- Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland,Jules-Gonin Eye Hospital, Fondation Asile des aveugles, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Zuzana Misutkova
- Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland,Jules-Gonin Eye Hospital, Fondation Asile des aveugles, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Aurélia Gryczka
- Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland,Jules-Gonin Eye Hospital, Fondation Asile des aveugles, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Aurélie Navarro
- Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland,Jules-Gonin Eye Hospital, Fondation Asile des aveugles, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Fanny Jeunet
- Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland,Jules-Gonin Eye Hospital, Fondation Asile des aveugles, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Irmela Mantel
- Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland,Jules-Gonin Eye Hospital, Fondation Asile des aveugles, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Francine Behar-Cohen
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France,INSERM U1138, USPC, Université de Paris-Cité, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France,Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Ophtalmopôle, Cochin Hospital, Paris, France,Université Paris Cité, Paris, France,Hôpital Foch, Suresnes, France
| | - Timothé Laforest
- Laboratory of Applied Photonic Devices, School of Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Christophe Moser
- Laboratory of Applied Photonic Devices, School of Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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13
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Zeng L, Jiang H, Ashraf GM, Liu J, Wang L, Zhao K, Liu M, Li Z, Liu R. Implications of miR-148a-3p/p35/PTEN signaling in tau hyperphosphorylation and autoregulatory feedforward of Akt/CREB in Alzheimer's disease. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2022; 27:256-275. [PMID: 35024240 PMCID: PMC8714918 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2021.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Existing studies have revealed that microRNAs (miRNAs) have a role in cognitive deficits in Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the function and pathophysiological mechanism of deregulated miRNAs underlying AD pathology remain to be investigated. The present study aimed to clarify the role and mechanism of miR-148a-3p in AD. RNA sequencing, qRT-PCR, and western blot analysis were used to identify the aberrant expression and signaling of miR-148a-3p within cells, mice, and patients with AD. Molecular biology techniques involving luciferase reporter assays, gene overexpression and silencing, chromatin immunoprecipitation, and adeno-associated virus-based miRNA overexpression were used to explore the biological function and mechanisms of miR-148a-3p. Downregulation of miR-148a-3p was identified in AD. Upregulation of miR-148a-3p was found to protect neuronal cells against Aβ-associated tau hyperphosphorylation by directly targeting p35/CDK5 and PTEN/p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways. A mutual regulatory link between miR-148a-3p and PTEN using a feedforward arrangement was confirmed via promotion of transcription and expression of miR-148a-3p by way of the PTEN/Akt/CREB pathway. Significantly, in vivo targeting of miR-148a-3p signaling ameliorated cognitive deficits by decreasing p35/PTEN-elicited tau hyperphosphorylation, accompanied by feedforward transduction of the PTEN/Akt/CREB pathway. In conclusion, the present study implicated the miR-148a-3p/p35/PTEN pathway as an essential contributor to tau hyperphosphorylation and feedforward regulation in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zeng
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, PR China
| | - Hailun Jiang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, PR China
| | - Ghulam Md Ashraf
- Pre-Clinical Research Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jianghong Liu
- Department of Neurology, Xuan Wu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, PR China
| | - Linlin Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, PR China
| | - Kaiyue Zhao
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, PR China
| | - Mimin Liu
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, PR China
| | - Zhuorong Li
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, PR China
| | - Rui Liu
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, PR China
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14
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Yazdani M. Uncontrolled Oxygen Levels in Cultures of Retinal Pigment Epithelium: Have We Missed the Obvious? Curr Eye Res 2022; 47:651-660. [PMID: 35243933 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2022.2050264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is the outermost layer of retina located between the photoreceptor cells and the choroid. This highly-polarized monolayer provides critical support for the functioning of the other parts of the retina, especially photoreceptors. Methods of culturing RPE have been under development since its establishment in 1920s. Despite considering various factors, oxygen (O2) levels in RPE microenvironments during culture preparation and experimental procedure have been overlooked. O2 is a crucial parameter in the cultures, and therefore, maintaining RPE cells at O2 levels different from their native environment (70-90 mm Hg of O2) could have unintended consequences. Owing to the importance of the topic, lack of sufficient discussion in the literature and to encourage future research, this paper will focus on uncontrolled O2 level in cultures of RPE cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mazyar Yazdani
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, 0027 Oslo, Norway
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15
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Curtis ME, Smith T, Yu D, Praticò D. The association of retromer deficiency and tau pathology in Down syndrome. Ann Neurol 2022; 91:561-567. [PMID: 35150166 PMCID: PMC8940634 DOI: 10.1002/ana.26321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Retromer deficiency is reported in Down syndrome and correlates with amyloidosis, however, its association with tau neuropathology remains unclear. Down syndrome and control brain tissues were evaluated for phosphorylated tau, tau modulators, and cathepsin-D activity. Several kinases and phosphatase PP2A were unchanged, but tau phosphorylation was elevated, and cathepsin-D activity decreased in aged Down syndrome subjects. Retromer proteins positively associated with soluble tau, whereas pathogenic tau negatively correlated with retromer proteins and cathepsin-D activity. Retromer deficiency and consequent reduction of cathepsin-D activity may contribute to pathogenic tau accumulation, thus, retromer represents a viable therapeutic target against tau pathology in Down syndrome. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Elizabeth Curtis
- Alzheimer's Center at Temple, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19140
| | - Tiffany Smith
- Alzheimer's Center at Temple, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19140
| | - Daohai Yu
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19140
| | - Domenico Praticò
- Alzheimer's Center at Temple, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19140
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16
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Filippone A, Smith T, Pratico D. Dysregulation of the Retromer Complex in Brain Endothelial Cells Results in Accumulation of Phosphorylated Tau. J Inflamm Res 2022; 14:7455-7465. [PMID: 35002279 PMCID: PMC8721160 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s342096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Transport through endothelial cells of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) involves a complex group of structures of the endo-lysosome system such as early and late endosomes, and the retromer complex system. Studies show that neuronal dysregulation of the vacuolar protein sorting 35 (VPS35), the main component of the retromer complex recognition core, results in altered protein trafficking and degradation and is involved in neurodegeneration. Since the functional role of VPS35 in endothelial cells has not been fully investigated, in the present study we aimed at characterizing the effect of its downregulation on these pathways. Methods Genetic silencing of VPS35 in human brain endothelial cells; measurement of retromer complex system proteins, autophagy and ubiquitin-proteasome systems. Results VPS35-downregulated endothelial cells had increased expression of LC3B2/1 and more ubiquitinated products, markers of autophagy flux and impaired proteasome activity, respectively. Additionally, compared with controls VPS35 downregulation resulted in significant accumulation of tau protein and its phosphorylated isoforms. Discussion Our findings demonstrate that in brain endothelial cells retromer complex dysfunction by influencing endosome-lysosome degradation pathways results in altered proteostasis. Restoration of the retromer complex system function should be considered a novel therapeutic approach to rescue endothelial protein transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Filippone
- Alzheimer's Center at Temple, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Tiffany Smith
- Alzheimer's Center at Temple, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Domenico Pratico
- Alzheimer's Center at Temple, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
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17
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Ankamah E, Green-Gomez M, Roche W, Ng E, Welge-Lüßen U, Kaercher T, Barbur J, Nolan JM. Impact of symptomatic vitreous degeneration on photopic and mesopic contrast thresholds. Clin Exp Optom 2021; 105:609-616. [PMID: 34751082 DOI: 10.1080/08164622.2021.1981116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
CLINICAL RELEVANCE Contrast thresholds under photopic and mesopic luminance conditions are compromised in subjects with vitreous degeneration. A plausible explanation is needed for the visual discomfort expressed by patients suffering from symptomatic vitreous degeneration. BACKGROUND The current study investigates the effect of symptomatic vitreous degeneration on photopic and mesopic contrast at high spatial frequencies. METHODS An age-matched sample of 115 subjects, comprising 30 subjects with symptomatic vitreous floaters (cases) and 85 healthy subjects (controls), was included in this study. Visual acuity and flicker thresholds were measured for all participants. Photopic and mesopic functional contrast thresholds at 10 cycles per degree were measured for all participants to assess the effect of floaters on contrast. Further, to determine the effect of posterior vitreous detachment on contrast, the sample was divided into three groups: cases with posterior vitreous detachment (n = 12); cases without posterior vitreous detachment (n = 18); and controls (n = 85), and their contrast thresholds were compared. RESULTS Photopic and mesopic contrast thresholds were lower by 37.4% and 27.5%, respectively, when the cases were compared with the controls (p = 0.028 and p < 0.001 for photopic and mesopic contrast thresholds, respectively). Photopic contrast was lower by 64.0% in cases with posterior vitreous detachment compared with controls (p = 0.001). Compared with controls, mesopic contrast was lower in cases with posterior vitreous detachment and in cases without posterior vitreous detachment by 30.3% and 25.6%, respectively (p = 0.014 and p = 0.017 for cases with and without posterior vitreous detachment, respectively). CONCLUSION : Subjects with vitreous degeneration have diminished photopic and mesopic contrast thresholds compared with controls. This finding highlights the negative impact of vitreous degeneration on the quality of vision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Ankamah
- Nutrition Research Centre Ireland, School of Health Science, Waterford Institute of Technology, Co, Waterford, Ireland
| | - Marina Green-Gomez
- Nutrition Research Centre Ireland, School of Health Science, Waterford Institute of Technology, Co, Waterford, Ireland
| | - Warren Roche
- Nutrition Research Centre Ireland, School of Health Science, Waterford Institute of Technology, Co, Waterford, Ireland
| | - Eugene Ng
- Nutrition Research Centre Ireland, School of Health Science, Waterford Institute of Technology, Co, Waterford, Ireland.,Institute of Eye Surgery, UPMC Whitfield Hospital, Co, Waterford, Ireland
| | | | | | - John Barbur
- Applied Vision Research Centre, School of Health Sciences, University of London, London, UK
| | - John M Nolan
- Nutrition Research Centre Ireland, School of Health Science, Waterford Institute of Technology, Co, Waterford, Ireland
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18
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Zhang N, Zhang X, Girardot PE, Chrenek MA, Sellers JT, Li Y, Kim YK, Summers VR, Ferdous S, Shelton DA, Boatright JH, Nickerson JM. Electrophysiologic and Morphologic Strain Differences in a Low-Dose NaIO3-Induced Retinal Pigment Epithelium Damage Model. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2021; 10:10. [PMID: 34251426 PMCID: PMC8287050 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.10.8.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose We aimed to explore differences in the NaIO3-elicited responses of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and other retinal cells associated with mouse strains and dosing regimens. Methods One dose of NaIO3 at 10 or 15 mg/kg was given intravenously to adult male C57BL/6J and 129/SV-E mice. Control animals were injected with PBS. Morphologic and functional changes were characterized by spectral domain optical coherence tomography, electroretinography, histologic, and immunofluorescence techniques. Results Injection with 10 mg/kg of NaIO3 did not cause consistent RPE or retinal changes in either strain. Administration of 15 mg/kg of NaIO3 initially induced a large transient increase in scotopic electroretinography a-, b-, and c-wave amplitudes within 12 hours of injection, followed by progressive structural and functional degradation at 3 days after injection in C57BL/6J mice and at 1 week after injection in 129/SV-E mice. RPE cell loss occurred in a large posterior-central lesion with a ring-like transition zone of abnormally shaped cells starting 12 hours after NaIO3 treatment. Conclusions NaIO3 effects depended on the timing, dosage, and mouse strain. The RPE in the periphery was spared from damage compared with the central RPE. The large transient increase in the electroretinography was remarkable. Translational Relevance This study is a phase T1 translational research study focusing on the development and validation of a mouse model of RPE damage. It provides a detailed foundation for future research, informing choices of mouse strain, dosage, and time points to establish NaIO3-induced RPE damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xian Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Preston E Girardot
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Micah A Chrenek
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jana T Sellers
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Yong-Kyu Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, Hallym University College of Medicine, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Vivian R Summers
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Salma Ferdous
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Debresha A Shelton
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jeffrey H Boatright
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Atlanta VA Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Decatur, GA, USA
| | - John M Nickerson
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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19
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Wood JPM, Tahmasebi M, Casson RJ, Plunkett M, Chidlow G. Physiological response of the retinal pigmented epithelium to 3-ns pulse laser application, in vitro and in vivo. Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2021; 49:454-469. [PMID: 33904222 DOI: 10.1111/ceo.13931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To treat healthy retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE) with the 3-ns retinal rejuvenation therapy (2RT) laser and to investigate the subsequent wound-healing response of these cells. METHODS Primary rat RPE cells were treated with the 2RT laser at a range of energy settings. Treated cells were fixed up to 7 days post-irradiation and assessed for expression of proteins associated with wound-healing. For in vivo treatments, eyes of Dark Agouti rats were exposed to laser and tissues collected up to 7 days post-irradiation. Isolated wholemount RPE preparations were examined for structural and protein expression changes. RESULTS Cultured RPE cells were ablated by 2RT laser in an energy-dependent manner. In all cases, the RPE cell layer repopulated completely within 7 days. Replenishment of RPE cells was associated with expression of the heat shock protein, Hsp27, the intermediate filament proteins, vimentin and nestin, and the cell cycle-associated protein, cyclin D1. Cellular tight junctions were lost in lased regions but re-expressed when cell replenishment was complete. In vivo, 2RT treatment gave rise to both an energy-dependent localised denudation of the RPE and the subsequent repopulation of lesion sites. Cell replenishment was associated with the increased expression of cyclin D1, vimentin and the heat shock proteins Hsp27 and αB-crystallin. CONCLUSIONS The 2RT laser was able to target the RPE both in vitro and in vivo, causing debridement of the cells and the consequent stimulation of a wound-healing response leading to layer reformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P M Wood
- Central Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Discipline of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Marzieh Tahmasebi
- Central Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Discipline of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Robert J Casson
- Central Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Discipline of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Malcolm Plunkett
- Discipline of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Glyn Chidlow
- Central Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Discipline of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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20
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Öhnell HM, Heijl A, Bengtsson B. Ageing and glaucoma progression of the retinal nerve fibre layer using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography analysis. Acta Ophthalmol 2021; 99:260-268. [PMID: 33945669 DOI: 10.1111/aos.14553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare the effects of ageing and glaucoma progression on the thickness of the circumpapillary retinal nerve fibre layer (cpRNFL) and to evaluate the performance of a set of optical coherence tomography (OCT) progression analyses. METHODS The cpRNFL was measured twice by OCT at each of two visits made 10 years apart in 69 healthy individuals and 49 glaucoma patients. Both visits also included Humphrey 24-2 SITA standard testing. The change in cpRNFL thickness was analysed by linear regression, and a sub-analysis was performed on glaucoma patients with a perimetric mean deviation better than -10 dB at the first visit. The proportion of individuals whose OCT progression analyses indicated progression was also evaluated for the same groups. RESULTS The average cpRNFL thickness deteriorated by a mean of -0.16 μm/year in the healthy cohort, increased by 0.03 μm/year in the glaucoma cohort, and deteriorated by -0.24 μm/year in eyes with less severe glaucoma; there were no statistically significant differences between the groups. For 17 (30%) of 56 healthy individuals, at least one of the three different OCT progression analyses incorrectly indicated progression. CONCLUSIONS No significant differences in change of cpRNFL thickness between visits were found when comparing healthy subjects with glaucoma patients. Also, further cpRNFL thinning was not observed in glaucomatous eyes in which at least one-third of the visual field had been lost. The OCT progression analyses generated a relatively high proportion of false positives. Using OCT for glaucoma follow-up may not be entirely straightforward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Maria Öhnell
- Ophthalmology Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö Skåne University Hospital Lund University Malmö Sweden
| | - Anders Heijl
- Ophthalmology Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö Skåne University Hospital Lund University Malmö Sweden
| | - Boel Bengtsson
- Ophthalmology Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö Lund University Malmö Sweden
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21
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Li H, Yu H, Kim YK, Wang F, Teodoro G, Jiang Y, Nickerson JM, Kong J. Computational Model-Based Estimation of Mouse Eyeball Structure From Two-Dimensional Flatmount Microscopy Images. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2021; 10:25. [PMID: 34004004 PMCID: PMC8088229 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.10.4.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells serve as a supporter for the metabolism and visual function of photoreceptors and a barrier for photoreceptor protection. Morphology dynamics, spatial organization, distribution density, and growth patterns of RPE cells are important for further research on these RPE main functions. To enable such investigations within the authentic eyeball structure, a new method for estimating the three-dimensional (3D) eyeball sphere from two-dimensional tissue flatmount microscopy images was investigated. Methods An error-correction term was formulated to compensate for the reconstruction error as a result of tissue distortions. The effect of the tissue-distortion error was evaluated by excluding partial data points from the low- and high-latitude zones. The error-correction parameter was learned automatically using a set of samples with the ground truth eyeball diameters measured with noncontact light-emitting diode micrometry at submicron accuracy and precision. Results The analysis showed that the error-correction term in the reconstruction model is a valid method for modeling tissue distortions in the tissue flatmount preparation steps. With the error-correction model, the average relative error of the estimated eyeball diameter was reduced from 14% to 5%, and the absolute error was reduced from 0.22 to 0.03 mm. Conclusions A new method for enabling RPE morphometry analysis with respect to locations on an eyeball sphere was created, an important step in increasing RPE research and eye disease diagnosis. Translational Relevance This method enables one to derive RPE cell information from the 3D eyeball surface and helps characterize eyeball volume growth patterns under diseased conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxiao Li
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Hanyi Yu
- Department of Computer Science, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Yong-Kyu Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hallym University College of Medicine, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Fusheng Wang
- Department of Computer Science, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - George Teodoro
- Department of Computer Science, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Yi Jiang
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Jun Kong
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Computer Science, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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22
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Yan M, Zheng T. Role of the endolysosomal pathway and exosome release in tau propagation. Neurochem Int 2021; 145:104988. [PMID: 33582164 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2021.104988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The progressive deposition of misfolded and aggregated forms of Tau protein in the brain is a pathological hallmark of tauopathies, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and frontotemporal degeneration (FTD). The misfolded Tau can be released into the extracellular space and internalized by neighboring cells, acting as seeds to trigger the robust conversion of soluble Tau into insoluble filamentous aggregates in a prion-like manner, ultimately contributing to the progression of the disease. However, molecular mechanisms accountable for the propagation of Tau pathology are poorly defined. We reviewed the Tau processing imbalance in endosomal, lysosomal, and exosomal pathways in AD. Increased exosome release counteracts the endosomal-lysosomal dysfunction of Tau processing but increases the number of aggregates and the propagation of Tau. This review summarizes our current understanding of the underlying tauopathy mechanisms with an emphasis on the emerging role of the endosomal-lysosomal-exosome pathways in this process. The components CHMP6, TSG101, and other components of the ESCRT complex, as well as Rab GTPase such as Rab35 and Rab7A, regulate vesicle cargoes routing from endosome to lysosome and affect Tau traffic, degradation, or secretion. Thus, the significant molecular pathways that should be potential therapeutic targets for treating tauopathies are determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minli Yan
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), 54 Youdian Road, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Tingting Zheng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), 54 Youdian Road, Hangzhou, 310009, China.
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Nouri-Mahdavi K, Weiss RE. Detection of Glaucoma Deterioration in the Macular Region with Optical Coherence Tomography: Challenges and Solutions. Am J Ophthalmol 2021; 222:277-284. [PMID: 32950510 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2020.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Macular imaging with optical coherence tomography (OCT) measures the most critical retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) in the human eye. The goal of this perspective is to review the challenges to detection of glaucoma progression with macular OCT imaging and propose ways to enhance its performance. DESIGN Perspective with review of relevant literature. METHODS Review of challenges and issues related to detection of change on macular OCT images in glaucoma eyes. The primary outcome measures were confounding factors affecting the detection of change on macular OCT images. RESULTS The main challenges to detection of structural progression in the macula consist of the magnitude of and the variable amount of test-retest variability among patients, the confounding effect of aging, lack of a reliable and easy-to-measure functional outcome or external standard, the confounding effects of concurrent macular conditions including myopia, and the measurement floor of macular structural outcomes. Potential solutions to these challenges include controlling head tilt or torsion during imaging, estimating within-eye variability for individual patients, improved data visualization, the use of artificial intelligence methods, and the implementation of statistical approaches suitable for multidimensional longitudinal data. CONCLUSIONS Macular OCT imaging is a crucial structural imaging modality for assessing central RGCs. Addressing the current shortcomings in acquisition and analysis of macular volume scans can enhance its utility for measuring the health of central RGCs and therefore assist clinicians with timely institution of appropriate treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kouros Nouri-Mahdavi
- Glaucoma Division, Stein Eye Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.
| | - Robert E Weiss
- Department of Biostatistics, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
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Ueda E, Yasuda M, Fujiwara K, Hashimoto S, Ohno-Matsui K, Hata J, Ishibashi T, Ninomiya T, Sonoda KH. Five-Year Incidence of Myopic Maculopathy in a General Japanese Population: The Hisayama Study. JAMA Ophthalmol 2021; 138:887-893. [PMID: 32584372 DOI: 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2020.2211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Importance Myopic maculopathy is a leading cause of irreversible visual impairment worldwide. Moreover, the burden of myopic maculopathy has been expected to increase owing to the rising prevalence of myopia globally. However, there is limited epidemiologic evidence regarding the incidence of and risk factors for myopic maculopathy. This study from Japan, with a relatively high prevalence of myopia, could provide valuable information related to these issues. Objective To estimate the incidence of myopic maculopathy and its risk factors in Hisayama in southwestern Japan. Design, Setting, and Participants A population-based prospective cohort study in a Japanese community in Hisayama, Japan. The study included a total of 2164 residents 40 years or older who had no myopic maculopathy at the baseline eye examination in 2012 and underwent follow-up eye examinations in 2017. Main Outcomes and Measures Incidence of myopic maculopathy. The grades of myopic maculopathy were categorized based on the criteria of the Meta-analysis of Pathologic Myopia Study Group classification system. Results The mean (SD) age of the study participants was 62.4 (10.9) years, and the proportion of men was 42.5% (920 participants). In the follow-up examination in 2017, 24 patients developed myopic maculopathy. The 5-year cumulative incidence of myopic maculopathy was 1.1% (95% CI, 0.6-1.5) overall, 1.4% (95% CI, 0.6-2.2) for men, and 0.9% (95% CI, 0.4-1.4) for women. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that older age (per 1 year; odds ratio [OR], 1.06; 95% CI, 1.01-1.11) and longer axial length (per 1 mm; OR, 2.94; 95% CI, 2.19-3.95) were associated with incident myopic maculopathy. Conclusions and Relevance Twenty-four study participants (1%) developed myopic maculopathy during the 5-year study period, which is much higher than the rate in a previous study on a Chinese population. We also confirmed that aging and longer axial length were independent and significant risk factors for myopic maculopathy. These findings should be reviewed among various populations in other parts of the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emi Ueda
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Miho Yasuda
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kohta Fujiwara
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Sawako Hashimoto
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kyoko Ohno-Matsui
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun Hata
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Center for Cohort Studies, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tatsuro Ishibashi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Toshiharu Ninomiya
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Center for Cohort Studies, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Koh-Hei Sonoda
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Shigueoka LS, Mariottoni EB, Thompson AC, Jammal AA, Costa VP, Medeiros FA. Predicting Age From Optical Coherence Tomography Scans With Deep Learning. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2021; 10:12. [PMID: 33510951 PMCID: PMC7804495 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.10.1.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To assess whether age can be predicted from deep learning analysis of peripapillary spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) B-scans and to determine the importance of specific retinal areas on the predictions. Methods Deep learning (DL) convolutional neural networks were developed to predict chronological age in healthy subjects using peripapillary SD-OCT B-scan images. Models were built using the whole B-scan, as well as using specific regions through image ablation. Cross-validation was used for training and testing the model. Mean absolute error (MAE) and correlations between predicted and observed age were used to evaluate model performance. Results A total of 7271 images from 542 eyes of 278 healthy subjects were included. DL predictions of age using the whole B-scan were strongly correlated with chronological age (MAE = 5.82 years; r = 0.860, P < 0.001). The model also accurately discriminated between the lowest and highest tertiles of age, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.962. In general, class activation maps tended to show a diffuse pattern of activation throughout the scan image. For specific structures of the B-scan, the layers with the strongest correlations with chronological age were the choroid and vitreous (both r = 0.736), whereas retinal nerve fiber layer had the lowest correlation (r = 0.492). Conclusions A DL algorithm was able to accurately predict age from whole peripapillary SD-OCT B-scans. Translational Relevance DL models applied to SD-OCT scans suggest that aging appears to affect several layers in the posterior eye segment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo S. Shigueoka
- Vision, Imaging and Performance Laboratory (VIP), Duke Eye Center and Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Glaucoma Service, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eduardo B. Mariottoni
- Vision, Imaging and Performance Laboratory (VIP), Duke Eye Center and Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Atalie C. Thompson
- Vision, Imaging and Performance Laboratory (VIP), Duke Eye Center and Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Alessandro A. Jammal
- Vision, Imaging and Performance Laboratory (VIP), Duke Eye Center and Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Glaucoma Service, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vital P. Costa
- Glaucoma Service, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Felipe A. Medeiros
- Vision, Imaging and Performance Laboratory (VIP), Duke Eye Center and Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
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Ha A, Kim YK, Kim JS, Jeoung JW, Park KH. Temporal Raphe Sign in Elderly Patients With Large Optic Disc Cupping: Its Evaluation as a Predictive Factor for Glaucoma Conversion. Am J Ophthalmol 2020; 219:205-214. [PMID: 32652053 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2020.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine baseline clinical features associated with conversion to glaucoma in elderly patients with large optic-disc cupping. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. METHODS Seventy-two eyes of 72 untreated elderly (≥65-year-old) patients with large vertical cup-to-disc ratio (CDR ≥0.7) and without any other glaucomatous findings were included. They had undergone a full ophthalmologic examination twice per year for at least 5 years. The optic nerve head (ONH), peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), and macular ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) were imaged with Cirrus high-definition optical coherence tomography (OCT). Presence of temporal raphe sign on the OCT's GCIPL thickness map was assessed as one of the morphologic factors. Conversion to normal-tension glaucoma (NTG) was defined as structural or functional deterioration on either red-free RNFL photography or standard automated perimetry, respectively. The utility of the baseline factors associated with conversion to NTG were identified. RESULTS During the 5.5-year follow-up, 19 eyes (26.4%) converted to NTG. There were no significant differences in demographics, systemic factors, intraocular pressure factors, or OCT parameters between the nonconverters and converters. Interestingly, the temporal raphe sign was observed in the converters (18/19, 94.7%) much more frequently than in the nonconverters (3/53, 5.7%, P < .001) at baseline. A Cox proportional hazards model indicated the significant influences of temporal raphe sign positivity (hazard ratio 6.823, 95% confidence interval 2.574, 18.088, P < .001) on conversion to NTG. CONCLUSIONS In elderly subjects with large CDR, temporal raphe sign positivity on the baseline macular GCIPL thickness map was associated with faster conversion to NTG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahnul Ha
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju-si, Republic of Korea; Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Kook Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Soo Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Ophthalmology, Chungnam National University Sejong Hospital, Sejong, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Wook Jeoung
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Ho Park
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Somasundaran S, Constable IJ, Mellough CB, Carvalho LS. Retinal pigment epithelium and age-related macular degeneration: A review of major disease mechanisms. Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2020; 48:1043-1056. [PMID: 32710488 PMCID: PMC7754492 DOI: 10.1111/ceo.13834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Age‐related macular degeneration (AMD) is a progressive degenerative disease that is the leading cause of vision loss in the elderly population. Degeneration/dysregulation of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), a supportive monolayer of cells underlying the photoreceptors, is commonly seen in patients with AMD. While treatment exists for the neovascular/wet form of AMD, there is currently no cure for the non‐exudative/dry form of AMD, making it imperative to understand the pathogenesis of this disease. Although our understanding of the aetiology of AMD has increased over the years, the underlying disease mechanism has not yet been identified, mainly due to the multifactorial nature of this disease. Herein, we review some of the commonly proposed degeneration pathways of RPE cells and their role in the pathogenesis of AMD; including activation of the complement cascade, oxidative stress‐induced cell death mechanisms, dysfunctional mitochondria and the role of crystallins in AMD disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreya Somasundaran
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science/Lions Eye Institute, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Ian J Constable
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science/Lions Eye Institute, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Carla B Mellough
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science/Lions Eye Institute, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Livia S Carvalho
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science/Lions Eye Institute, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
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Oh J, Baik DJ, Ahn J. Inter-relationship between retinal and choroidal vasculatures using optical coherence tomography angiography in normal eyes. Eur J Ophthalmol 2018; 30:48-57. [DOI: 10.1177/1120672118816225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: To quantify vascular and structural macular variables in healthy eyes and to investigate correlations between these variables and age using optical coherence tomography angiography. Materials and methods: A total of 261 eyes of 261 subjects with normal fundus were included. Central macular thickness, ganglion cell layer to inner plexiform layer thickness, outer retina layer thickness, subfoveal choroidal thickness, and choroidal vascularity index were measured using optical coherence tomography. Foveal avascular zone area, vascular density, and flow void area were measured using optical coherence tomography angiography. Results: Vascular density in the superficial capillary plexus was correlated with central macular thickness, ganglion cell layer to inner plexiform layer thickness, and outer retina layer thickness ( P < 0.001, P = 0.004, and P < 0.001, respectively). Vascular density in the deep capillary plexus was correlated with central macular thickness and outer retina layer thickness ( P = 0.003 and P = 0.001, respectively). Vascular density of choriocapillaris was correlated with vascular density of superficial capillary plexus and deep capillary plexus ( P < 0.001 and P = 0.001, respectively). Conclusion: Vascular density of choriocapillaris varies with retinal vascular density rather than the structure of choroid using optical coherence tomography angiography. In contrast, retinal vascular density changes as the retinal structure. Our results provide more information about the relationship between retina and choroid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaeryung Oh
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Daniel Jinhag Baik
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaemoon Ahn
- Department of Ophthalmology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
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McKendrick AM, Chan YM, Nguyen BN. Spatial vision in older adults: perceptual changes and neural bases. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2018; 38:363-375. [PMID: 29774576 DOI: 10.1111/opo.12565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The number of older adults is rapidly increasing internationally, leading to a significant increase in research on how healthy ageing impacts vision. Most clinical assessments of spatial vision involve simple detection (letter acuity, grating contrast sensitivity, perimetry). However, most natural visual environments are more spatially complicated, requiring contrast discrimination, and the delineation of object boundaries and contours, which are typically present on non-uniform backgrounds. In this review we discuss recent research that reports on the effects of normal ageing on these more complex visual functions, specifically in the context of recent neurophysiological studies. RECENT FINDINGS Recent research has concentrated on understanding the effects of healthy ageing on neural responses within the visual pathway in animal models. Such neurophysiological research has led to numerous, subsequently tested, hypotheses regarding the likely impact of healthy human ageing on specific aspects of spatial vision. SUMMARY Healthy normal ageing impacts significantly on spatial visual information processing from the retina through to visual cortex. Some human data validates that obtained from studies of animal physiology, however some findings indicate that rethinking of presumed neural substrates is required. Notably, not all spatial visual processes are altered by age. Healthy normal ageing impacts significantly on some spatial visual processes (in particular centre-surround tasks), but leaves contrast discrimination, contrast adaptation, and orientation discrimination relatively intact. The study of older adult vision contributes to knowledge of the brain mechanisms altered by the ageing process, can provide practical information regarding visual environments that older adults may find challenging, and may lead to new methods of assessing visual performance in clinical environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison M McKendrick
- Department of Optometry & Vision Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Yu Man Chan
- Department of Optometry & Vision Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Bao N Nguyen
- Department of Optometry & Vision Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
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Comparing the Rates of Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer and Ganglion Cell-Inner Plexiform Layer Loss in Healthy Eyes and in Glaucoma Eyes. Am J Ophthalmol 2017; 178:38-50. [PMID: 28315655 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2017.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Revised: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare the rates of circumpapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and macular retinal ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) change over time in healthy and glaucoma eyes. DESIGN Cohort study. METHODS The rates of circumpapillary RNFL and macular GCIPL loss in 28 healthy subjects and 97 glaucoma subjects from the Diagnostic Innovations in Glaucoma Study (DIGS) were compared using mixed-effects models. RESULTS The median follow-up time and number of visits were 1.7 years and 6 visits and 3.2 years and 7 visits for healthy and glaucoma eyes, respectively. Significant rates of loss of both global circumpapillary RNFL and average macular GCIPL thickness were detectable in early and moderate glaucoma eyes; in severe glaucoma eyes, rates of average macular GCIPL loss were significant, but rates of global circumpapillary RNFL loss were not. In glaucoma eyes, mean rates of global circumpapillary RNFL thickness change (-0.98 μm/year [95% confidence interval (CI), -1.20 to -0.76]) and normalized global circumpapillary RNFL change (-1.7%/year [95% CI, -2.1 to -1.3]) were significantly faster than average macular GCIPL change (-0.57 μm/year [(95% CI, -0.73 to -0.41]) and normalized macular GCIPL change (-1.3%/year [95% CI, -1.7 to -0.9]). The rates of global and inferior RNFL change were weakly correlated with global and inferior macular GCIPL change (r ranges from 0.16 to 0.23, all P < .05). CONCLUSIONS In this cohort, the rate of circumpapillary RNFL thickness change was faster than macular GCIPL change for glaucoma eyes. Global circumpapillary RNFL thickness loss was detectable in early and moderate glaucoma, and average macular GCIPL thickness loss was detectable in early, moderate, and severe glaucoma, suggesting that structural changes can be detected in severe glaucoma.
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Retinal thickness measured by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography in eyes without retinal abnormalities: the Beaver Dam Eye Study. Am J Ophthalmol 2015; 159:445-56.e1. [PMID: 25461295 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2014.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Revised: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine relationships of age, sex, and systemic and ocular conditions with retinal thickness measured by spectral-domain ocular coherence tomography (SD OCT) in participants without retinal disease. DESIGN Longitudinal study. METHODS setting: Population-based cohort. study population: Persons aged 43-86 years living in Beaver Dam, Wisconsin in 1988-1990. observation procedures: Retinal thickness was measured via SD OCT at the Beaver Dam Eye Study examination in 2008-2010. Retinal disease was determined by ophthalmoscopy, fundus photography, or SD OCT. main outcome measures: Retinal thickness from the inner limiting membrane to the Bruch membrane. RESULTS The retina was thickest in the inner circle (mean 334.5 μm) and thinnest in the center subfield (285.4 μm). Mean retinal thickness decreased with age in the inner circle (P < .0001) and outer circle (P < .0001). Adjusting for age, eyes in men had thicker retinas than eyes in women in the center subfield (P < .001) and inner circle (P < .001). Sex, axial length/corneal curvature ratio, and peak expiratory flow rate were associated with center subfield thickness. Sex and peak expiratory flow rate were associated with retinal thickness in the inner circle. Alcohol consumption, age, axial length/corneal curvature ratio, cataract surgery, ocular perfusion pressure, and peak expiratory flow rate were associated with retinal thickness in the outer circle. CONCLUSIONS This study provides data for retinal thickness measures in eyes of individuals aged 63 years and older without retinal disease. This information may be useful for clinical trials involving the effects of interventions on retinal thickness and for comparisons with specific retinal diseases affecting the macula.
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Terzibasi E, Calamusa M, Novelli E, Domenici L, Strettoi E, Cellerino A. Age-dependent remodelling of retinal circuitry. Neurobiol Aging 2007; 30:819-28. [PMID: 17920161 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2007.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2007] [Revised: 07/27/2007] [Accepted: 08/14/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
We have investigated morphological changes in second-order neurons of the mouse retina during aging by using immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy. We observed sprouting of rod bipolar cells dendrites and horizontal cells arborizations: neuronal processes of both neuronal types showed irregular extensions beyond the outer plexiform layer, toward the outer limiting membrane, as well as into the outer nuclear layer (ONL). These processes were first observed in animals of 12 months of age and increased in numbers steadily until 24 months, which represent the last age examined. The ectopic processes are decorated by puncta immunoreactive for pre-synaptic markers typical of photoreceptor terminals juxtaposed to post-synaptic neurotransmitter receptors, demonstrating the presence of the entire molecular machinery of functional synapses. Electron microscopy confirmed that ectopic processes receive synapses from photoreceptor terminals. We conclude that during the second year of life retinal rod bipolar and horizontal cells undergo sprouting and form ectopic synapses in the ONL.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Terzibasi
- Istituto di Neuroscienze, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via G. Moruzzi 1, 56100 Pisa, Italy
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Changes in growth factor expression in normal aging of the rat retina. Exp Eye Res 2007; 85:817-24. [PMID: 17936752 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2007.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2007] [Revised: 08/01/2007] [Accepted: 08/14/2007] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Although much is known about the growth factor changes in ocular tissues during various diseases, little is known about normal aging of the retina. In order to further understand normal aging in the retina, we characterized age-related changes of growth factor expression in three different ages of rat retina. Real time PCR and protein analysis was conducted to investigate steady state mRNA expression and protein levels of VEGF, VEGFR2, PEDF, Ang-1, Tie-2, EphB4 and ephrinB2 in the retina of 8-, 22-, and 32-month-old Brown Norway X Fischer 344 F1 hybrid rats. An increase of VEGF protein levels was found at 32months compared to 8 and 22months of age. VEGFR2 protein was found to be increased at 22 and 32months compared to 8months. PEDF protein levels were reduced at 22 and 32months. Tie-2 levels were found to be significantly decreased by 32months compared to 8months of age, while ephrinB2 was found to be significantly lower at both 22 and 32months compared to 8months of age. The increases found in VEGF and its receptor VEGFR2, with the simultaneous decrease of PEDF protein levels, may stimulate an environment that is well suited for neovascularization in the normal aging retina. Overall, these results suggest that normal aging produces substantial changes in gene expression and protein levels.
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