1
|
Chu L, Bi C, Wang C, Zhou H. The Relationship between Complements and Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Its Pathogenesis. J Ophthalmol 2024; 2024:6416773. [PMID: 38205100 PMCID: PMC10776198 DOI: 10.1155/2024/6416773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration is a retinal disease that causes permanent loss of central vision in people over the age of 65. Its pathogenesis may be related to mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation, apoptosis, autophagy, complement, intestinal flora, and lipid disorders. In addition, the patient's genes, age, gender, cardiovascular disease, unhealthy diet, and living habits may also be risk factors for this disease. Complement proteins are widely distributed in serum and tissue fluid. In the early 21st century, a connection was found between the complement cascade and age-related macular degeneration. However, little is known about the effect of complement factors on the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration. This article reviews the factors associated with age-related macular degeneration, the relationship between each factor and complement, the related functions, and variants and provides new ideas for the treatment of this disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liyuan Chu
- Department of Ophthalmology, China–Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chaoran Bi
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Caiming Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, China–Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hongyan Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, China–Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Tsiftsoglou SA, Gavriilaki E, Touloumenidou T, Koravou EE, Koutra M, Papayanni PG, Karali V, Papalexandri A, Varelas C, Chatzopoulou F, Chatzidimitriou M, Chatzidimitriou D, Veleni A, Rapti E, Kioumis I, Kaimakamis E, Bitzani M, Boumpas DT, Tsantes A, Sotiropoulos D, Papadopoulou A, Sakellari I, Kokoris S, Anagnostopoulos A. Targeted genotyping of COVID-19 patients reveals a signature of complement C3 and factor B coding SNPs associated with severe infection. Immunobiology 2023; 228:152351. [PMID: 36805858 PMCID: PMC9928680 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2023.152351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
We have attempted to explore further the involvement of complement components in the host COVID-19 (Coronavirus disease-19) immune responses by targeted genotyping of COVID-19 adult patients and analysis for missense coding Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (coding SNPs) of genes encoding Alternative pathway (AP) components. We have identified a small group of common coding SNPs in Survivors and Deceased individuals, present in either relatively similar frequencies (CFH and CFI SNPs) or with stark differences in their relative abundance (C3 and CFB SNPs). In addition, we have identified several sporadic, potentially protective, coding SNPs of C3, CFB, CFD, CFH, CFHR1 and CFI in Survivors. No coding SNPs were detected for CD46 and CD55. Our demographic analysis indicated that the C3 rs1047286 or rs2230199 coding SNPs were present in 60 % of all the Deceased patients (n = 25) (the rs2230199 in 67 % of all Deceased Males) and in 31 % of all the Survivors (n = 105, p = 0.012) (the rs2230199 in 25 % of all Survivor Males). When we analysed these two major study groups using the presence of the C3 rs1047286 or rs2230199 SNPs as potential biomarkers, we noticed the complete absence of the protective CFB rs12614 and rs641153 coding SNPs from Deceased Males compared to Females (p = 0.0023). We propose that in these individuals, C3 carrying the R102G and CFB lacking the R32W or the R32Q amino acid substitutions, may contribute to enhanced association dynamics of the C3bBb AP pre-convertase complex assembly, thus enabling the exploitation of the activation of the Complement Alternative pathway (AP) by SARS-CoV-2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefanos A Tsiftsoglou
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece.
| | - Eleni Gavriilaki
- Hematology Department-BMT Unit, G. Papanicolaou Hospital, Exochi, Thessaloniki 57010, Greece.
| | - Tasoula Touloumenidou
- Hematology Department-BMT Unit, G. Papanicolaou Hospital, Exochi, Thessaloniki 57010, Greece
| | | | - Maria Koutra
- Hematology Department-BMT Unit, G. Papanicolaou Hospital, Exochi, Thessaloniki 57010, Greece
| | | | - Vassiliki Karali
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology Unit, University General Hospital "Attikon", Αthens, Greece
| | - Apostolia Papalexandri
- Hematology Department-BMT Unit, G. Papanicolaou Hospital, Exochi, Thessaloniki 57010, Greece
| | - Christos Varelas
- Hematology Department-BMT Unit, G. Papanicolaou Hospital, Exochi, Thessaloniki 57010, Greece
| | - Fani Chatzopoulou
- Microbiology Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Maria Chatzidimitriou
- Biomedical Sciences Alexander Campus International Hellenic University, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Anastasia Veleni
- Infectious Disease Committee, G Papanicolaou Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Evdoxia Rapti
- Laboratory of Hematology and Hospital Blood Transfusion Department, University General Hospital "Attikon", NKUA, Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Kioumis
- Respiratory Failure Department, G Papanicolaou Hospital-Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Milly Bitzani
- 1st Intensive Care Unit, G Papanicolaou Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitrios T Boumpas
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology Unit, University General Hospital "Attikon", Αthens, Greece
| | - Argyris Tsantes
- Laboratory of Hematology and Hospital Blood Transfusion Department, University General Hospital "Attikon", NKUA, Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Damianos Sotiropoulos
- Hematology Department-BMT Unit, G. Papanicolaou Hospital, Exochi, Thessaloniki 57010, Greece
| | - Anastasia Papadopoulou
- Hematology Department-BMT Unit, G. Papanicolaou Hospital, Exochi, Thessaloniki 57010, Greece
| | - Ioanna Sakellari
- Hematology Department-BMT Unit, G. Papanicolaou Hospital, Exochi, Thessaloniki 57010, Greece
| | - Styliani Kokoris
- Laboratory of Hematology and Hospital Blood Transfusion Department, University General Hospital "Attikon", NKUA, Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Complement cascade inhibition in geographic atrophy: a review. Eye (Lond) 2022; 36:294-302. [PMID: 34999723 PMCID: PMC8807727 DOI: 10.1038/s41433-021-01765-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathophysiology of dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and specifically geographic atrophy (GA) has been linked to the complement cascade. This cascade is part of the innate immune system and is made up of the classical, alternative, and lectin pathways. The pathways comprise a system of plasma and membrane-associated serum proteins that are activated with identification of a nonself entity. A number of these proteins have been implicated in the development and progression of dry AMD. The three pathways converge at C3 and cascade down through C5, making both of these proteins viable targets for the treatment of dry AMD. In addition, there are a number of complement factors, CFB, CFD, CFH, and CFI, which are potential therapeutic targets as well. Several different complement-directed therapeutics are being studied for the treatment of dry AMD with the hope that one of these approaches will emerge as the first approved treatment for GA.
Collapse
|
4
|
de Jong S, Gagliardi G, Garanto A, de Breuk A, Lechanteur YTE, Katti S, van den Heuvel LP, Volokhina EB, den Hollander AI. Implications of genetic variation in the complement system in age-related macular degeneration. Prog Retin Eye Res 2021; 84:100952. [PMID: 33610747 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2021.100952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the main cause of vision loss among the elderly in the Western world. While AMD is a multifactorial disease, the complement system was identified as one of the main pathways contributing to disease risk. The strong link between the complement system and AMD was demonstrated by genetic associations, and by elevated complement activation in local eye tissue and in the systemic circulation of AMD patients. Several complement inhibitors have been and are being explored in clinical trials, but thus far with limited success, leaving the majority of AMD patients without treatment options to date. This indicates that there is still a gap of knowledge regarding the functional implications of the complement system in AMD pathogenesis and how to bring these towards clinical translation. Many different experimental set-ups and disease models have been used to study complement activation in vivo and in vitro, and recently emerging patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells and genome-editing techniques open new opportunities to study AMD disease mechanisms and test new therapeutic strategies in the future. In this review we provide an extensive overview of methods employed to understand the molecular processes of complement activation in AMD pathogenesis. We discuss the findings, advantages and challenges of each approach and conclude with an outlook on how recent, exciting developments can fill in current knowledge gaps and can aid in the development of effective complement-targeting therapeutic strategies in AMD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah de Jong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525, GA, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Giuliana Gagliardi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525, GA, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Alejandro Garanto
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525, GA, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Pediatrics, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525, GA, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525, GA, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Amalia Children's Hospital, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525, GA, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Anita de Breuk
- Department of Ophthalmology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525, GA, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Yara T E Lechanteur
- Department of Ophthalmology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525, GA, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Suresh Katti
- Gemini Therapeutics Inc., Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Lambert P van den Heuvel
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525, GA, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Amalia Children's Hospital, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525, GA, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525, GA, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Elena B Volokhina
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525, GA, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Amalia Children's Hospital, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525, GA, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525, GA, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Anneke I den Hollander
- Department of Ophthalmology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525, GA, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525, GA, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|