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Basu B, Karwatka M, China B, McKibbin M, Khan K, Inglehearn CF, Ladbury JE, Johnson CA. Glycogen myophosphorylase loss causes increased dependence on glucose in iPSC-derived retinal pigment epithelium. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107569. [PMID: 39009342 PMCID: PMC11342771 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Loss of glycogen myophosphorylase (PYGM) expression results in an inability to break down muscle glycogen, leading to McArdle disease-an autosomal recessive metabolic disorder characterized by exercise intolerance and muscle cramps. While previously considered relatively benign, this condition has recently been associated with pattern dystrophy in the retina, accompanied by variable sight impairment, secondary to retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cell involvement. However, the pathomechanism of this condition remains unclear. In this study, we generated a PYGM-null induced pluripotent stem cell line and differentiated it into mature RPE to examine structural and functional defects, along with metabolite release into apical and basal media. Mutant RPE exhibited normal photoreceptor outer segment phagocytosis but displayed elevated glycogen levels, reduced transepithelial resistance, and increased cytokine secretion across the epithelial layer compared to isogenic WT controls. Additionally, decreased expression of the visual cycle component, RDH11, encoding 11-cis-retinol dehydrogenase, was observed in PYGM-null RPE. While glycolytic flux and oxidative phosphorylation levels in PYGM-null RPE were near normal, the basal oxygen consumption rate was increased. Oxygen consumption rate in response to physiological levels of lactate was significantly greater in WT than PYGM-null RPE. Inefficient lactate utilization by mutant RPE resulted in higher glucose dependence and increased glucose uptake from the apical medium in the presence of lactate, suggesting a reduced capacity to spare glucose for photoreceptor use. Metabolic tracing confirmed slower 13C-lactate utilization by PYGM-null RPE. These findings have key implications for retinal health since they likely underlie the vision impairment in individuals with McArdle disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basudha Basu
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Leeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Magdalena Karwatka
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Leeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Becky China
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Leeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Martin McKibbin
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Leeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK; Department of Ophthalmology, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - Kamron Khan
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Leeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Chris F Inglehearn
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Leeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - John E Ladbury
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Colin A Johnson
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Leeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
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2
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Ye S, Wang Z, Ma JH, Ji S, Peng Y, Huang Y, Chen J, Tang S. Diabetes Reshapes the Circadian Transcriptome Profile in Murine Retina. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2023; 64:3. [PMID: 37788001 PMCID: PMC10552875 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.64.13.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a common complication of diabetes and has a high prevalence. Dysregulation of circadian rhythmicity is associated with the development of DR. This research aimed to investigate rhythmical transcriptome alterations in the retina of diabetic mice. Methods C57BL/6J mice were used to establish a diabetes model by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ). After 12 weeks, retinas were collected continuously at 4-hour intervals over 1 day. Total RNA was extracted from normal and STZ-treated retinas and RNA sequencing was performed. Meta2d algorithm, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes, Phase Set Enrichment Analysis, and time-series cluster analysis were used to identify, analyze and annotate the composition, phase, and molecular functions of rhythmic transcripts in retinas. Results The retina exhibited powerful transcriptome rhythmicity. STZ-induced diabetes markedly modified the transcriptome characteristics of the circadian transcriptome in the retina, including composition, phase, and amplitude. Moreover, the diabetic mice led to re-organized temporal and clustering enrichment pathways in space and time and affected core clock machinery. Conclusions Diabetes impairs the circadian rhythm of the transcriptomic profile of retinas. This study offers new perspectives on the negative effects of diabetes on the retina, which may provide important information for the development of new treatments for DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suna Ye
- AIER Eye Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- AIER Eye Institute, Changsha, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jiansu Chen
- AIER Eye Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- AIER Eye Institute, Changsha, China
| | - Shibo Tang
- AIER Eye Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- AIER Eye Institute, Changsha, China
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3
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Hashikawa KI, Tsuruta A, Yamakawa W, Yasukochi S, Koyanagi S, Ohdo S. Senescence-induced alteration of circadian phagocytic activity of retinal pigment epithelium cell line ARPE-19. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 658:88-96. [PMID: 37027909 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.03.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Renewal of retinal photoreceptor outer segments is conducted through daily shedding of distal photoreceptor outer segment tips and subsequent their phagocytosis by the adjacent retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) monolayer. Dysregulation of the diurnal clearance of photoreceptor outer segment tips has been implicated in age-related retinal degeneration, but it remains to be clarified how the circadian phagocytic activity of RPE cells is modulated by senescence. In this study, we used the human RPE cell line ARPE-19 to investigate whether hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced senescence in ARPE-19 cells alters the circadian rhythm of their phagocytic activity. After synchronization of the cellular circadian clock by dexamethasone treatment, the phagocytic activity of normal ARPE-19 cells exhibited significant 24-h oscillation, but this oscillation was modulated by senescence. The phagocytic activity of senescent ARPE-19 cells increased constantly throughout the 24-h period, which still exhibited blunted circadian oscillation, accompanied by an alteration in the rhythmic expression of circadian clock genes and clock-controlled phagocytosis-related genes. The expression levels of REV-ERBα, a molecular component of the circadian clock, were constitutively increased in senescent ARPE-19 cells. Furthermore, pharmacological activation of REV-ERBα by its agonist SR9009 enhanced the phagocytic activity of normal ARPE-19 cells and increased the expression of clock-controlled phagocytosis-related genes. Our present findings extend to understand the role of circadian clock in the alteration of phagocytic activity in RPE during aging. Constitutive enhancement of phagocytic activity of senescent RPE may contribute to age-related retinal degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken-Ichi Hashikawa
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Akito Tsuruta
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan; Department of Glocal Healthcare Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Wakaba Yamakawa
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Sai Yasukochi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Satoru Koyanagi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan; Department of Glocal Healthcare Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
| | - Shigehiro Ohdo
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
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4
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Pandey RS, Krebs MP, Bolisetty MT, Charette JR, Naggert JK, Robson P, Nishina PM, Carter GW. Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Reveals Molecular Features of Heterogeneity in the Murine Retinal Pigment Epithelium. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:10419. [PMID: 36142331 PMCID: PMC9499471 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcriptomic analysis of the mammalian retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) aims to identify cellular networks that influence ocular development, maintenance, function, and disease. However, available evidence points to RPE cell heterogeneity within native tissue, which adds complexity to global transcriptomic analysis. Here, to assess cell heterogeneity, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing of RPE cells from two young adult male C57BL/6J mice. Following quality control to ensure robust transcript identification limited to cell singlets, we detected 13,858 transcripts among 2667 and 2846 RPE cells. Dimensional reduction by principal component analysis and uniform manifold approximation and projection revealed six distinct cell populations. All clusters expressed transcripts typical of RPE cells; the smallest (C1, containing 1-2% of total cells) exhibited the hallmarks of stem and/or progenitor (SP) cells. Placing C1-6 along a pseudotime axis suggested a relative decrease in melanogenesis and SP gene expression and a corresponding increase in visual cycle gene expression upon RPE maturation. K-means clustering of all detected transcripts identified additional expression patterns that may advance the understanding of RPE SP cell maintenance and the evolution of cellular metabolic networks during development. This work provides new insights into the transcriptome of the mouse RPE and a baseline for identifying experimentally induced transcriptional changes in future studies of this tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi S. Pandey
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, 10 Discovery Dr., Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | - Mark P. Krebs
- The Jackson Laboratory, 600 Main Street, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA
| | - Mohan T. Bolisetty
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, 10 Discovery Dr., Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | | | | | - Paul Robson
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, 10 Discovery Dr., Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | - Patsy M. Nishina
- The Jackson Laboratory, 600 Main Street, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA
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5
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DeVera C, Dixon J, Chrenek MA, Baba K, Le YZ, Iuvone PM, Tosini G. The Circadian Clock in the Retinal Pigment Epithelium Controls the Diurnal Rhythm of Phagocytic Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:5302. [PMID: 35628111 PMCID: PMC9141420 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The diurnal peak of phagocytosis by the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) of photoreceptor outer segments (POS) is under circadian control and believed that this process involves interactions from the retina and RPE. Previous studies have demonstrated that a functional circadian clock exists within multiple retinal cell types and RPE. Thereby, the aim of this study was to determine whether the clock in the retina or RPE controls the diurnal phagocytic peak and whether disruption of the circadian clock in the RPE would affect cellular function and the viability during aging. To that, we generated and validated an RPE tissue-specific KO of the essential clock gene, Bmal1, and then determined the daily rhythm in phagocytic activity by the RPE in mice lacking a functional circadian clock in the retina or RPE. Then, using electroretinography, spectral domain-optical coherence tomography, and optomotor response of visual function we determined the effect of Bmal1 removal in young (6 months) and old (18 months) mice. RPE morphology and lipofuscin accumulation was determined in young and old mice. Our data shows that the clock in the RPE, rather than the retina clock, controls the diurnal phagocytic peak. Surprisingly, absence of a functional RPE clock and phagocytic peak does not result in any detectable age-related degenerative phenotype in the retina or RPE. Thus, our results demonstrate that the circadian clock in the RPE controls the daily peak of phagocytic activity. However, the absence of the clock in the RPE does not result in deterioration of photoreceptors or the RPE during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher DeVera
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology and Neuroscience Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA; (C.D.); (K.B.)
| | - Jendayi Dixon
- Department of Ophthalmology and Emory Eye Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (J.D.); (M.A.C.); (P.M.I.)
| | - Micah A. Chrenek
- Department of Ophthalmology and Emory Eye Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (J.D.); (M.A.C.); (P.M.I.)
| | - Kenkichi Baba
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology and Neuroscience Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA; (C.D.); (K.B.)
| | - Yun Z. Le
- Departments of Medicine, Cell Biology, and Ophthalmology and Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA;
| | - P. Michael Iuvone
- Department of Ophthalmology and Emory Eye Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (J.D.); (M.A.C.); (P.M.I.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Gianluca Tosini
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology and Neuroscience Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA; (C.D.); (K.B.)
- Department of Ophthalmology and Emory Eye Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (J.D.); (M.A.C.); (P.M.I.)
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6
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Collin GB, Shi L, Yu M, Akturk N, Charette JR, Hyde LF, Weatherly SM, Pera MF, Naggert JK, Peachey NS, Nishina PM, Krebs MP. A Splicing Mutation in Slc4a5 Results in Retinal Detachment and Retinal Pigment Epithelium Dysfunction. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:2220. [PMID: 35216333 PMCID: PMC8875008 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluid and solute transporters of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) are core components of the outer blood-retinal barrier. Characterizing these transporters and their role in retinal homeostasis may provide insights into ocular function and disease. Here, we describe RPE defects in tvrm77 mice, which exhibit hypopigmented patches in the central retina. Mapping and nucleotide sequencing of tvrm77 mice revealed a disrupted 5' splice donor sequence in Slc4a5, a sodium bicarbonate cotransporter gene. Slc4a5 expression was reduced 19.7-fold in tvrm77 RPE relative to controls, and alternative splice variants were detected. SLC4A5 was localized to the Golgi apparatus of cultured human RPE cells and in apical and basal membranes. Fundus imaging, optical coherence tomography, microscopy, and electroretinography (ERG) of tvrm77 mice revealed retinal detachment, hypopigmented patches corresponding to neovascular lesions, and retinal folds. Detachment worsened and outer nuclear layer thickness decreased with age. ERG a- and b-wave response amplitudes were initially normal but declined in older mice. The direct current ERG fast oscillation and light peak were reduced in amplitude at all ages, whereas other RPE-associated responses were unaffected. These results link a new Slc4a5 mutation to subretinal fluid accumulation and altered light-evoked RPE electrophysiological responses, suggesting that SLC4A5 functions at the outer blood-retinal barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayle B. Collin
- The Jackson Laboratory, 600 Main Street, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA; (G.B.C.); (L.S.); (N.A.); (J.R.C.); (L.F.H.); (S.M.W.); (M.F.P.); (J.K.N.)
| | - Lanying Shi
- The Jackson Laboratory, 600 Main Street, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA; (G.B.C.); (L.S.); (N.A.); (J.R.C.); (L.F.H.); (S.M.W.); (M.F.P.); (J.K.N.)
| | - Minzhong Yu
- Department of Ophthalmic Research, Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (M.Y.); (N.S.P.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Nurten Akturk
- The Jackson Laboratory, 600 Main Street, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA; (G.B.C.); (L.S.); (N.A.); (J.R.C.); (L.F.H.); (S.M.W.); (M.F.P.); (J.K.N.)
| | - Jeremy R. Charette
- The Jackson Laboratory, 600 Main Street, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA; (G.B.C.); (L.S.); (N.A.); (J.R.C.); (L.F.H.); (S.M.W.); (M.F.P.); (J.K.N.)
| | - Lillian F. Hyde
- The Jackson Laboratory, 600 Main Street, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA; (G.B.C.); (L.S.); (N.A.); (J.R.C.); (L.F.H.); (S.M.W.); (M.F.P.); (J.K.N.)
| | - Sonia M. Weatherly
- The Jackson Laboratory, 600 Main Street, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA; (G.B.C.); (L.S.); (N.A.); (J.R.C.); (L.F.H.); (S.M.W.); (M.F.P.); (J.K.N.)
| | - Martin F. Pera
- The Jackson Laboratory, 600 Main Street, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA; (G.B.C.); (L.S.); (N.A.); (J.R.C.); (L.F.H.); (S.M.W.); (M.F.P.); (J.K.N.)
| | - Jürgen K. Naggert
- The Jackson Laboratory, 600 Main Street, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA; (G.B.C.); (L.S.); (N.A.); (J.R.C.); (L.F.H.); (S.M.W.); (M.F.P.); (J.K.N.)
| | - Neal S. Peachey
- Department of Ophthalmic Research, Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (M.Y.); (N.S.P.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
- Research Service, Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, 10701 East Boulevard, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Patsy M. Nishina
- The Jackson Laboratory, 600 Main Street, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA; (G.B.C.); (L.S.); (N.A.); (J.R.C.); (L.F.H.); (S.M.W.); (M.F.P.); (J.K.N.)
| | - Mark P. Krebs
- The Jackson Laboratory, 600 Main Street, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA; (G.B.C.); (L.S.); (N.A.); (J.R.C.); (L.F.H.); (S.M.W.); (M.F.P.); (J.K.N.)
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7
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Milićević N, Ait-Hmyed Hakkari O, Bagchi U, Sandu C, Jongejan A, Moerland PD, Ten Brink JB, Hicks D, Bergen AA, Felder-Schmittbuhl MP. Core circadian clock genes Per1 and Per2 regulate the rhythm in photoreceptor outer segment phagocytosis. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21722. [PMID: 34160105 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100293rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Retinal photoreceptors undergo daily renewal of their distal outer segments, a process indispensable for maintaining retinal health. Photoreceptor outer segment (POS) phagocytosis occurs as a daily peak, roughly about 1 hour after light onset. However, the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms which initiate this process are still unknown. Here we show that, under constant darkness, mice deficient for core circadian clock genes (Per1 and Per2) lack a daily peak in POS phagocytosis. By qPCR analysis, we found that core clock genes were rhythmic over 24 hours in both WT and Per1, Per2 double mutant whole retinas. More precise transcriptomics analysis of laser capture microdissected WT photoreceptors revealed no differentially expressed genes between time points preceding and during the peak of POS phagocytosis. In contrast, we found that microdissected WT retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) had a number of genes that were differentially expressed at the peak phagocytic time point compared to adjacent ones. We also found a number of differentially expressed genes in Per1, Per2 double mutant RPE compared to WT ones at the peak phagocytic time point. Finally, based on STRING analysis, we found a group of interacting genes that potentially drive POS phagocytosis in the RPE. This potential pathway consists of genes such as: Pacsin1, Syp, Camk2b, and Camk2d among others. Our findings indicate that Per1 and Per2 are necessary clock components for driving POS phagocytosis and suggest that this process is transcriptionally driven by the RPE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nemanja Milićević
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Ouafa Ait-Hmyed Hakkari
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Udita Bagchi
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Cristina Sandu
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Aldo Jongejan
- Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Perry D Moerland
- Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jacoline B Ten Brink
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - David Hicks
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Arthur A Bergen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Ophthalmology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN-KNAW), Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marie-Paule Felder-Schmittbuhl
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
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8
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Wang Z, Ji S, Huang Y, Liao K, Cui Z, Chu F, Chen J, Tang S. The daily gene transcription cycle in mouse retina. Exp Eye Res 2021; 207:108565. [PMID: 33838143 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2021.108565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Many physiological retinal processes, such as outer segment disk shedding and visual sensitivity, exhibit a daily rhythm. However, the detailed transcriptome dynamics and related biological processes of the retina are not fully understood. Retinal tissues were collected from C57BL/6J male mice housed in a 12h light/12h dark (LD) cycle for 4 weeks, at Zeitgeber time (ZT) 0, 4, 8, 12, 16, and 20. Total RNA was extracted from the tissues and used for unique identifier RNA sequencing experiments. The rhythmicity of gene expression was determined using the MetaCycle R package. We found that 1741 genes (10.26%) were rhythmically expressed in the retina. According to the expression patterns, the rhythmically expressed genes were assigned to four clusters, each with about 361-492 genes, using the Mfuzz R package. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and Gene Ontology (GO) analyses were conducted to identify pathways and biological processes of the profiled genes. Genes in Clusters 1 and 4 were associated with glycolysis and energy production, showed higher activity at night (from ZT16 to ZT20), and were enriched in the Hif-1α signaling pathway and low-oxygen-related terms. Genes in Cluster 2 were predominantly involved in cilium assembly and organization and were relatively upregulated during the day. Genes in Cluster 3 were associated with ribosome biosynthesis and were highly expressed during the day-night transition period. Taken together, these results demonstrate that a large proportion of retinal genes are expressed rhythmically. Genes involved in energy production and glycolysis are highly expressed at night, leading to relative hypoxia and activation of the Hif-1α signaling pathway. Genes associated with the formation of photoreceptor cilia are expressed during the day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijie Wang
- Aier School of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha, China; Aier Eye Institute, Changsha, China
| | | | - Yinhua Huang
- Aier School of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha, China; Aier Eye Institute, Changsha, China
| | - Kai Liao
- Aier School of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha, China; Aier Eye Institute, Changsha, China
| | | | - Feixue Chu
- Hangzhou Xihu Zhijiang Eye Hospital, China
| | - Jiansu Chen
- Aier School of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha, China; Aier Eye Institute, Changsha, China; Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; Institute of Ophthalmology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Shibo Tang
- Aier School of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha, China; Aier Eye Institute, Changsha, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
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9
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Abstract
Cholesterol is a quantitatively and biologically significant constituent of all mammalian cell membrane, including those that comprise the retina. Retinal cholesterol homeostasis entails the interplay between de novo synthesis, uptake, intraretinal sterol transport, metabolism, and efflux. Defects in these complex processes are associated with several congenital and age-related disorders of the visual system. Herein, we provide an overview of the following topics: (a) cholesterol synthesis in the neural retina; (b) lipoprotein uptake and intraretinal sterol transport in the neural retina and the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE); (c) cholesterol efflux from the neural retina and the RPE; and (d) biology and pathobiology of defects in sterol synthesis and sterol oxidation in the neural retina and the RPE. We focus, in particular, on studies involving animal models of monogenic disorders pertinent to the above topics, as well as in vitro models using biochemical, metabolic, and omic approaches. We also identify current knowledge gaps and opportunities in the field that beg further research in this topic area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sriganesh Ramachandra Rao
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Biochemistry and Neuroscience Graduate Program, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York- University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA; Research Service, VA Western NY Healthcare System, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Steven J Fliesler
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Biochemistry and Neuroscience Graduate Program, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York- University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA; Research Service, VA Western NY Healthcare System, Buffalo, NY, USA.
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10
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Louer EM, Günzel D, Rosenthal R, Carmone C, Yi G, Stunnenberg HG, den Hollander AI, Deen PM. Differential day-night expression of tight junction components in murine retinal pigment epithelium. Exp Eye Res 2020; 193:107985. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2020.107985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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