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Erdenedalai K, Maltais-Tariant R, Dehaes M, Boudoux C. MCOCT: an experimentally and numerically validated, open-source Monte Carlo simulator for optical coherence tomography. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 15:624-640. [PMID: 38404350 PMCID: PMC10890866 DOI: 10.1364/boe.504061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Here, we present MCOCT, a Monte Carlo simulator for optical coherence tomography (OCT), incorporating a Gaussian illumination scheme and bias to increase backscattered event collection. MCOCT optical fluence was numerically compared and validated to an established simulator (MCX) and showed concordance at the focus while diverging slightly with distance to it. MCOCT OCT signals were experimentally compared and validated to OCT signals acquired in tissue-mimicking phantoms with known optical properties and showed a similar attenuation pattern with increasing depth while diverging beyond 1.5 mm and proximal to layer interfaces. MCOCT may help in the design of OCT systems for a wide range of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaliun Erdenedalai
- Polytechnique Montreal, Department of Engineering Physics, H3T 1J4, Montreal, Canada
| | | | - Mathieu Dehaes
- University of Montreal, Department of Radiology, Radio-oncology and Nuclear Medicine, H3T 1J4, Montreal, Canada
- Sainte-Justine University Hospital Center, Research Center, H3T 1C5, Montreal, Canada
- University of Montreal, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, H3T 1J4, Montreal, Canada
| | - Caroline Boudoux
- Polytechnique Montreal, Department of Engineering Physics, H3T 1J4, Montreal, Canada
- Sainte-Justine University Hospital Center, Research Center, H3T 1C5, Montreal, Canada
- Castor Optics, H3T 2B1, Montreal, Canada
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Ye X, Gao K, He S, Zhong X, Shen Y, Wang Y, Shao H, Shen L. Artificial Intelligence-Based Quantification of Central Macular Fluid Volume and VA Prediction for Diabetic Macular Edema Using OCT Images. Ophthalmol Ther 2023; 12:2441-2452. [PMID: 37318706 PMCID: PMC10441848 DOI: 10.1007/s40123-023-00746-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We studied the correlation of central macular fluid volume (CMFV) and central subfield thickness (CST) with best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) in treatment-naïve eyes with diabetic macular edema (DME) 1 month after anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy. METHODS This retrospective cohort study investigated eyes that received anti-VEGF therapy. All participants underwent comprehensive examinations and optical coherence tomography (OCT) volume scans at baseline (M0) and 1 month after the first treatment (M1). Two deep learning models were separately developed to automatically measure the CMFV and the CST. Correlations were analyzed between the CMFV and the logMAR BCVA at M0 and logMAR BCVA at M1. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) of CMFV and CST for predicting eyes with BCVA [Formula: see text] 20/40 at M1 was analyzed. RESULTS This study included 156 DME eyes from 89 patients. The median CMFV decreased from 0.272 (0.061-0.568) at M0 to 0.096 (0.018-0.307) mm3 at M1. The CST decreased from 414 (293-575) to 322 (252-430) μm. The logMAR BCVA decreased from 0.523 (0.301-0.817) to 0.398 (0.222-0.699). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that the CMFV was the only significant factor for logMAR BCVA at both M0 (β = 0.199, p = 0.047) and M1 (β = 0.279, p = 0.004). The AUROC of CMFV for predicting eyes with BCVA [Formula: see text] 20/40 at M1 was 0.72, and the AUROC of CST was 0.69. CONCLUSIONS Anti-VEGF therapy is an effective treatment for DME. Automated measured CMFV is a more accurate prognostic factor than CST for the initial anti-VEGF treatment outcome of DME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Ye
- Department of Ophthalmology, Center for Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, Zhejiang China
| | - Kun Gao
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory of Visual Big Data and Artificial Intelligence, Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shucheng He
- Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang China
| | | | | | - Yaqi Wang
- College of Media Engineering, Communication University of Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hang Shao
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory of Visual Big Data and Artificial Intelligence, Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lijun Shen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Center for Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, Zhejiang China
- Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang China
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Zerbini G, Maestroni S, Leocani L, Mosca A, Godi M, Paleari R, Belvedere A, Gabellini D, Tirassa P, Castoldi V, Viganò I, Galbiati S, Turco V, Lambiase A, Rama P. Topical nerve growth factor prevents neurodegenerative and vascular stages of diabetic retinopathy. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1015522. [PMID: 36172176 PMCID: PMC9510636 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1015522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Specific and effective preventive treatment for diabetic retinopathy (DR) is presently unavailable, mostly because the early stages of the complication have been, until recently, poorly understood. The recent demonstration that the vascular phase of DR is preceded and possibly caused by the neurodegeneration of retinal ganglion cells suggests that DR could, at least theoretically, be prevented through an early neuroprotective approach. The aims of our study were to clarify the natural history of diabetes-driven retinal neurodegeneration and to verify the possibility to prevent DR using topical nerve growth factor (NGF). The results of the study show that retinal neurodegeneration, characterized by the loss of retinal ganglion cells represents a relatively early phenomenon of diabetes (between 5 and 16 weeks of age), which tends to be self-limiting in the long run. Neurodegeneration is followed by the development of DR-related vascular dysfunctions, as confirmed by the development of acellular capillaries and the loss of retinal pericytes. Both retinal neurodegeneration and subsequent vascular dysfunction can be successfully prevented by topical NGF administration. These findings suggest that: 1) The first stage of DR consists in a self-limiting retinal neurodegeneration 2) The demonstrated effectiveness of topical NGF in the prevention of DR could be rapidly translated into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianpaolo Zerbini
- Complications of Diabetes Unit, Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
- *Correspondence: Gianpaolo Zerbini,
| | - Silvia Maestroni
- Complications of Diabetes Unit, Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Letizia Leocani
- Experimental Neurophysiology Unit, INSPE-Institute of Experimental Neurology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Mosca
- Dipartimento di Fisiopatologia Medico-Chirurgica e dei Trapianti and Centro per la Riferibilità Metrologica in Medicina di Laboratorio (CIRME), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
- Istituto di Tecnologie Biomediche, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (ITB-CNR), Milano, Italy
| | - Michela Godi
- Complications of Diabetes Unit, Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Renata Paleari
- Dipartimento di Fisiopatologia Medico-Chirurgica e dei Trapianti and Centro per la Riferibilità Metrologica in Medicina di Laboratorio (CIRME), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
- Istituto di Tecnologie Biomediche, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (ITB-CNR), Milano, Italy
| | - Arianna Belvedere
- Complications of Diabetes Unit, Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniela Gabellini
- Complications of Diabetes Unit, Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Tirassa
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Biochemistry & Cell Biology (IBBC), Rome, Italy
| | - Valerio Castoldi
- Experimental Neurophysiology Unit, INSPE-Institute of Experimental Neurology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Ilaria Viganò
- Complications of Diabetes Unit, Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Galbiati
- Complications of Diabetes Unit, Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Turco
- Complications of Diabetes Unit, Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Paolo Rama
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
- Cornea and Ocular Surface Unit, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
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