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Zhang Q, Xiang S, Chen X, Rong Y, Huang L, Chen Z, Yao K, Chen W, Deng C, Wang J. Irisin attenuates acute glaucoma-induced neuroinflammation by activating microglia-integrin αVβ5/AMPK and promoting autophagy. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 138:112545. [PMID: 38955026 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation, characterized by microglial activation and the release of multiple inflammatory mediators, is a key factor in acute glaucomatous injury leading to retinal ganglion cell (RGC) death and ultimately irreversible vision loss. Irisin, a novel exercise-induced myokine, has demonstrated anti-inflammatory activity in ischemia/reperfusion injuries across multiple organs and has displayed a significant neuroprotective role in experimental stroke disease models. This study examined the protective impact of irisin and investigated its potential mechanism involved in this process utilizing an acute ocular hypertension (AOH)-induced retinal injury model in mice and a microglia inflammation model induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). There was a transient downregulation of irisin in the retina after AOH injury, with parallel emergence of retinal neuroinflammation and RGC death. Irisin attenuated retinal and optic nerve damage and promotes the phenotypic conversion of microglia from M1 to M2. Mechanistically, irisin significantly upregulated the expression of integrin αVβ5, p-AMPK, and autophagy-related markers. Integrin αVβ5 was highly expressed on microglia but hardly expressed on RGC. The integrin αVβ5 inhibitor cilengitide, the AMPK inhibitor dorsomorphin, and the autophagy inhibitor 3-Methyladenine (3-MA) blocked the neuroprotective effects of irisin. Our results suggest irisin attenuates acute glaucoma-induced neuroinflammation and RGC death by activating integrin αVβ5/AMPK in microglia and promoting autophagy. It should be considered a potential neuroprotective therapy for acute glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuxiang Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Sifei Xiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Yan Rong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Lan Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Renhe Hospital of China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei 443000, China
| | - Zhiqi Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Ke Yao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Chaohua Deng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China.
| | - Junming Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China.
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Fang Y, Wang Q, Li Y, Zeng L, Liu J, Ou K. On implications of somatostatin in diabetic retinopathy. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:1984-1990. [PMID: 38227526 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.390955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Somatostatin, a naturally produced neuroprotective peptide, depresses excitatory neurotransmission and exerts anti-proliferative and anti-inflammatory effects on the retina. In this review, we summarize the progress of somatostatin treatment of diabetic retinopathy through analysis of relevant studies published from February 2019 to February 2023 extracted from the PubMed and Google Scholar databases. Insufficient neuroprotection, which occurs as a consequence of declined expression or dysregulation of retinal somatostatin in the very early stages of diabetic retinopathy, triggers retinal neurovascular unit impairment and microvascular damage. Somatostatin replacement is a promising treatment for retinal neurodegeneration in diabetic retinopathy. Numerous pre-clinical and clinical trials of somatostatin analog treatment for early diabetic retinopathy have been initiated. In one such trial (EUROCONDOR), topical administration of somatostatin was found to exert neuroprotective effects in patients with pre-existing retinal neurodysfunction, but had no impact on the onset of diabetic retinopathy. Overall, we concluded that somatostatin restoration may be especially beneficial for the growing population of patients with early-stage retinopathy. In order to achieve early prevention of diabetic retinopathy initiation, and thereby salvage visual function before the appearance of moderate non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy, several issues need to be addressed. These include the needs to: a) update and standardize the retinal screening scheme to incorporate the detection of early neurodegeneration, b) identify patient subgroups who would benefit from somatostatin analog supplementation, c) elucidate the interactions of somatostatin, particularly exogenously-delivered somatostatin analogs, with other retinal peptides in the context of hyperglycemia, and d) design safe, feasible, low cost, and effective administration routes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Fang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chongqing University Jiangjin Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Qionghua Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chongqing University Jiangjin Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Youjian Li
- College of Pharmacy, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Targeted and Innovative Therapeutics, IATTI, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Zeng
- Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong Laboratory Animal Center, Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Academic Unit of Ophthalmology, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Kepeng Ou
- College of Pharmacy, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Targeted and Innovative Therapeutics, IATTI, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing, China
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Wang X, Zhou J, Wang Y, Li X, Hu Q, Luo L, Liu X, Liu W, Ye J. Effect of astrocyte GPER on the optic nerve inflammatory response following optic nerve injury in mice. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29428. [PMID: 38638966 PMCID: PMC11024623 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Activated astrocytes are a primary source of inflammatory factors following traumatic optic neuropathy (TON). Accumulation of inflammatory factors in this context leads to increased axonal damage and loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). Therefore, in the present study, we explored the role of the astrocyte G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) in regulating inflammatory factors following optic nerve crush (ONC), and analyzed its potential regulatory mechanisms. Overall, our results showed that GPER was abundantly expressed in the optic nerve, and co-localized with glial fibrillary acidic proteins (GFAP). Exogenous administration of G-1 led to a significant reduction in astrocyte activation and expression of inflammation-related factors (including IL-1β, TNF-α, NFκB, and p-NFκB). Additionally, it dramatically increased the survival of RGCs. In contrast, astrocytes were activated to a greater extent by exogenous G15 administration; however, RGCs survival was significantly reduced. In vitro, GPER activation significantly reduced astrocyte activation and the release of inflammation-related factors. In conclusion, activation of astrocyte GPER significantly reduced ONC inflammation levels, and should be explored as a potential target pathway for protecting the optic nerve and RGCs after TON.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical Center of PLA, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Jiaxing Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical Center of PLA, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Yuwen Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Xinqiao Road, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400032, China
| | - Xue Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical Center of PLA, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Qiumei Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical Center of PLA, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Linlin Luo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical Center of PLA, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Xuemei Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical Center of PLA, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical Center of PLA, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Jian Ye
- Department of Ophthalmology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical Center of PLA, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
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Zhang Q, Jiang Y, Deng C, Wang J. Effects and potential mechanisms of exercise and physical activity on eye health and ocular diseases. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 11:1353624. [PMID: 38585147 PMCID: PMC10995365 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1353624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
In the field of eye health, the profound impact of exercise and physical activity on various ocular diseases has become a focal point of attention. This review summarizes and elucidates the positive effects of exercise and physical activities on common ocular diseases, including dry eye disease (DED), cataracts, myopia, glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy (DR), and age-related macular degeneration (AMD). It also catalogues and offers exercise recommendations based on the varying impacts that different types and intensities of physical activities may have on specific eye conditions. Beyond correlations, this review also compiles potential mechanisms through which exercise and physical activity beneficially affect eye health. From mitigating ocular oxidative stress and inflammatory responses, reducing intraocular pressure, enhancing mitochondrial function, to promoting ocular blood circulation and the release of protective factors, the complex biological effects triggered by exercise and physical activities reveal their substantial potential in preventing and even assisting in the treatment of ocular diseases. This review aims not only to foster awareness and appreciation for how exercise and physical activity can improve eye health but also to serve as a catalyst for further exploration into the specific mechanisms and key targets through which exercise impacts ocular health. Such inquiries are crucial for advancing innovative strategies for the treatment of eye diseases, thereby holding significant implications for the development of new therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Chaohua Deng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Junming Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Liu Z, Zhang J, Li X, Hu Q, Chen X, Luo L, Ai L, Ye J. Astrocytic expression of Yes-associated protein (YAP) regulates retinal neovascularization in a mouse model of oxygen-induced retinopathy. Microvasc Res 2024; 151:104611. [PMID: 37774941 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2023.104611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Pathological neovascularization is the hallmark of many vascular oculopathies. There is still a great deal of uncertainty surrounding retinal neovascularization research. A working hypothesis that astrocytic Yes-associated protein (YAP) act as a key factor in retinal neovascularization was proposed. And our study was conducted to verified this hypothesis. In vivo, we successfully generated mice deficient in YAP in astrocytes (YAPf/f GFAP-Cre mice) and set up oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) model. Pathological neovascularization was evaluated by immunofluorescence staining and western blotting. In vitro, cultured retinal astrocytes were transfected with YAP siRNA. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and western blot were used to determine the proteins in the supernatants and cells. The results showed that YAP was upregulated and activated in the OIR mice retinas. Conditional ablation of YAP aggravated pathological neovascularization, along with the upregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1). Studies in vitro confirmed that the knockdown of YAP in astrocytes lead to increases in VEGF-A and MCP-1 levels, thus enhancing pro-angiogenic capability of YAP-deficit astrocytes. In conclusion, astrocytic YAP alleviates retinal pathological angiogenesis by inhibiting the over-activation of astrocytes, which suppresses excessive VEGF-A production and neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifei Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Research Institute of Surgery & Daping Hospital, Army Medical Center of PLA, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jieqiong Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Research Institute of Surgery & Daping Hospital, Army Medical Center of PLA, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xue Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Research Institute of Surgery & Daping Hospital, Army Medical Center of PLA, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qiumei Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Research Institute of Surgery & Daping Hospital, Army Medical Center of PLA, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Research Institute of Surgery & Daping Hospital, Army Medical Center of PLA, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Linlin Luo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Research Institute of Surgery & Daping Hospital, Army Medical Center of PLA, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Liqianyu Ai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Research Institute of Surgery & Daping Hospital, Army Medical Center of PLA, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Jian Ye
- Department of Ophthalmology, Research Institute of Surgery & Daping Hospital, Army Medical Center of PLA, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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