1
|
Martins B, Pires M, Ambrósio AF, Girão H, Fernandes R. Contribution of extracellular vesicles for the pathogenesis of retinal diseases: shedding light on blood-retinal barrier dysfunction. J Biomed Sci 2024; 31:48. [PMID: 38730462 PMCID: PMC11088087 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-024-01036-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Retinal degenerative diseases, including diabetic retinopathy (DR) and age-related macular degeneration (AMD), loom as threats to vision, causing detrimental effects on the structure and function of the retina. Central to understanding these diseases, is the compromised state of the blood-retinal barrier (BRB), an effective barrier that regulates the influx of immune and inflammatory components. Whether BRB breakdown initiates retinal distress, or is a consequence of disease progression, remains enigmatic. Nevertheless, it is an indication of retinal dysfunction and potential vision loss.The intricate intercellular dialogues among retinal cell populations remain unintelligible in the complex retinal milieu, under conditions of inflammation and oxidative stress. The retina, a specialized neural tissue, sustains a ceaseless demand for oxygen and nutrients from two vascular networks. The BRB orchestrates the exchange of molecules and fluids within this specialized region, comprising the inner BRB (iBRB) and the outer BRB (oBRB). Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small membranous structures, and act as messengers facilitating intercellular communication in this milieu.EVs, both from retinal and peripheral immune cells, increase complexity to BRB dysfunction in DR and AMD. Laden with bioactive cargoes, these EVs can modulate the retinal microenvironment, influencing disease progression. Our review delves into the multifaceted role of EVs in retinal degenerative diseases, elucidating the molecular crosstalk they orchestrate, and their microRNA (miRNA) content. By shedding light on these nanoscale messengers, from their biogenesis, release, to interaction and uptake by target cells, we aim to deepen the comprehension of BRB dysfunction and explore their therapeutic potential, therefore increasing our understanding of DR and AMD pathophysiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Martins
- University Coimbra, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra, 3000- 548, Portugal
- University of Coimbra, Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra, 3000-548, Portugal
- University of Coimbra, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), Coimbra, 3004-531, Portugal
| | - Maria Pires
- University Coimbra, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra, 3000- 548, Portugal
- University of Coimbra, Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra, 3000-548, Portugal
- University of Coimbra, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), Coimbra, 3004-531, Portugal
| | - António Francisco Ambrósio
- University Coimbra, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra, 3000- 548, Portugal
- University of Coimbra, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), Coimbra, 3004-531, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), Coimbra, 3004-561, Portugal
- Association for Innovation and Biomedical Research on Light and Image (AIBILI), Coimbra, 3000-548, Portugal
| | - Henrique Girão
- University Coimbra, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra, 3000- 548, Portugal
- University of Coimbra, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), Coimbra, 3004-531, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), Coimbra, 3004-561, Portugal
| | - Rosa Fernandes
- University Coimbra, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra, 3000- 548, Portugal.
- University of Coimbra, Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra, 3000-548, Portugal.
- University of Coimbra, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), Coimbra, 3004-531, Portugal.
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), Coimbra, 3004-561, Portugal.
- Association for Innovation and Biomedical Research on Light and Image (AIBILI), Coimbra, 3000-548, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Jiang J, Wang S, Li Y, Wang Y, Liao R. Has-miR-199a-3p/RELA/SCD inhibits immune checkpoints in AMD and promotes macrophage-mediated inflammation and pathological angiogenesis through lipid metabolism pathway: A computational analysis. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0297849. [PMID: 38625951 PMCID: PMC11020405 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0297849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024] Open
Abstract
More and more evidence shows that abnormal lipid metabolism leads to immune system dysfunction in AMD and promotes the occurrence of AMD by changing the homeostasis of ocular inflammation. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the effect of lipid metabolism on the phenotype and function of macrophages is still unclear, and the mechanism of association between AMD and cancer and COVID-19 has not been reported. The purpose of this study is to explore the interaction between lipid metabolism related genes, ferroptosis related genes and immunity in AMD, find out the key genes that affect the ferroptosis of AMD through lipid metabolism pathway and the molecular mechanism that mediates the action of macrophages, and find out the possible mechanism of lipid metabolism and potential co-therapeutic targets between AMD and cancer and COVID-19, so as to improve treatment decision-making and clinical results. For the first time, we have comprehensively analyzed the fatty acid molecule related genes, ferroptosis related genes and immune microenvironment of AMD patients, and determined that mast cells and M1 macrophages are the main causes of AMD inflammation, and found that SCD is the core gene in AMD that inhibits ferroptosis through lipid metabolism pathway, and verified the difference in the expression of SCD in AMD in a separate external data set. Based on the analysis of the mechanism of action of the SCD gene, we found for the first time that Has-miR-199a-3p/RELA/SCD is the core axis of action of lipid metabolism pathway to inhibit the ferroptosis of AMD. By inhibiting the immune checkpoint, we can enhance the immune cell activity of AMD and lead to the transformation of macrophages from M2 to M1, thereby promoting the inflammation and pathological angiogenesis of AMD. At the same time, we found that ACOX2 and PECR, as genes for fatty acid metabolism, may regulate the expression of SCD during the occurrence and development of COVID-19, thus affecting the occurrence and development of AMD. We found that FASD1 may be a key gene for the joint action of AMD and COVID-19, and SCD regulates the immune infiltration of macrophages in glioma and germ line tumors. In conclusion, our results can provide theoretical basis for the pathogenesis of AMD, help guide the treatment of AMD patients and their potentially related diseases and help to design effective drug targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China
| | - Shu Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China
| | - Yun Li
- School of Biology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
- Kindstar Global Precision Medicine Institute, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China
| | - Rongfeng Liao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Salama RM, Eissa N, Doghish AS, Abulsoud AI, Abdelmaksoud NM, Mohammed OA, Abdel Mageed SS, Darwish SF. Decoding the secrets of longevity: unraveling nutraceutical and miRNA-Mediated aging pathways and therapeutic strategies. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2024; 5:1373741. [PMID: 38605867 PMCID: PMC11007187 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2024.1373741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short RNA molecules that are not involved in coding for proteins. They have a significant function in regulating gene expression after the process of transcription. Their participation in several biological processes has rendered them appealing subjects for investigating age-related disorders. Increasing data indicates that miRNAs can be influenced by dietary variables, such as macronutrients, micronutrients, trace minerals, and nutraceuticals. This review examines the influence of dietary factors and nutraceuticals on the regulation of miRNA in relation to the process of aging. We examine the present comprehension of miRNA disruption in age-related illnesses and emphasize the possibility of dietary manipulation as a means of prevention or treatment. Consolidating animal and human research is essential to validate the significance of dietary miRNA control in living organisms, despite the abundance of information already provided by several studies. This review elucidates the complex interaction among miRNAs, nutrition, and aging, offering valuable insights into promising areas for further research and potential therapies for age-related disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rania M. Salama
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr International University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nermin Eissa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Abu Dhabi University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ahmed S. Doghish
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Cairo, Egypt
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Egypt
| | - Ahmed I. Abulsoud
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Egypt
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Heliopolis University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Osama A. Mohammed
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Bisha, Bisha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sherif S. Abdel Mageed
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Samar F. Darwish
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Cairo, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Romero FJ, Diaz-Llopis M, Romero-Gomez MI, Miranda M, Romero-Wenz R, Sancho-Pelluz J, Romero B, Muriach M, Barcia JM. Small Extracellular Vesicles and Oxidative Pathophysiological Mechanisms in Retinal Degenerative Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1618. [PMID: 38338894 PMCID: PMC10855665 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
This review focuses on the role of small extracellular vesicles in the pathophysiological mechanisms of retinal degenerative diseases. Many of these mechanisms are related to or modulated by the oxidative burden of retinal cells. It has been recently demonstrated that cellular communication in the retina involves extracellular vesicles and that their rate of release and cargo features might be affected by the cellular environment, and in some instances, they might also be mediated by autophagy. The fate of these vesicles is diverse: they could end up in circulation being used as markers, or target neighbor cells modulating gene and protein expression, or eventually, in angiogenesis. Neovascularization in the retina promotes vision loss in diseases such as diabetic retinopathy and age-related macular degeneration. The importance of micro RNAs, either as small extracellular vesicles' cargo or free circulating, in the regulation of retinal angiogenesis is also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J. Romero
- Hospital General de Requena, Conselleria de Sanitat, Generalitat Valenciana, 46340 Requena, Spain;
| | - Manuel Diaz-Llopis
- Facultad de Medicina y Odontología, Universitat de València, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
| | | | - Maria Miranda
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad CEU-Cardenal Herrera, 46115 Alfara del Patriarca, Spain;
| | - Rebeca Romero-Wenz
- Hospital General de Requena, Conselleria de Sanitat, Generalitat Valenciana, 46340 Requena, Spain;
| | - Javier Sancho-Pelluz
- Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Católica de Valencia, 46001 Valencia, Spain; (J.S.-P.); (B.R.); (J.M.B.)
| | - Belén Romero
- Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Católica de Valencia, 46001 Valencia, Spain; (J.S.-P.); (B.R.); (J.M.B.)
- Unidad de Cuidados intensivos, Hospital de Manises, 46940 Manises, Spain
| | - Maria Muriach
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universitat Jaume I, 12006 Castelló de la Plana, Spain;
| | - Jorge M. Barcia
- Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Católica de Valencia, 46001 Valencia, Spain; (J.S.-P.); (B.R.); (J.M.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Manai F, Smedowski A, Kaarniranta K, Comincini S, Amadio M. Extracellular vesicles in degenerative retinal diseases: A new therapeutic paradigm. J Control Release 2024; 365:448-468. [PMID: 38013069 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Nanoscale extracellular vesicles (EVs), consisting of exomers, exosomes and microvesicles/ectosomes, have been extensively investigated in the last 20 years, although their biological role is still something of a mystery. EVs are involved in the transfer of lipids, nucleic acids and proteins from donor to recipient cells or distant organs as well as regulating cell-cell communication and signaling. Thus, EVs are important in intercellular communication and this is not limited to sister cells, but may also mediate the crosstalk between different cell types even over long distances. EVs play crucial functions in both cellular homeostasis and the pathogenesis of diseases, and since their contents reflect the status of the donor cell, they represent an additional valuable source of information for characterizing complex biological processes. Recent advances in isolation and analytical methods have led to substantial improvements in both characterizing and engineering EVs, leading to their use either as novel biomarkers for disease diagnosis/prognosis or even as novel therapies. Due to their capacity to carry biomolecules, various EV-based therapeutic applications have been devised for several pathological conditions, including eye diseases. In the eye, EVs have been detected in the retina, aqueous humor, vitreous body and also in tears. Experiences with other forms of intraocular drug applications have opened new ways to use EVs in the treatment of retinal diseases. We here provide a comprehensive summary of the main in vitro, in vivo, and ex vivo literature-based studies on EVs' role in ocular physiological and pathological conditions. We have focused on age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma, which are common eye diseases leading to permanent blindness, if not treated properly. In addition, the putative use of EVs in retinitis pigmentosa and other retinopathies is discussed. Finally, we have reviewed the potential of EVs as therapeutic tools and/or biomarkers in the above-mentioned retinal disorders. Evidence emerging from experimental disease models and human material strongly suggests future diagnostic and/or therapeutic exploitation of these biological agents in various ocular disorders with a good possibility to improve the patient's quality of life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Federico Manai
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "L. Spallanzani", University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Adrian Smedowski
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland; GlaucoTech Co., Katowice, Poland
| | - Kai Kaarniranta
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Ophthalmology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Sergio Comincini
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "L. Spallanzani", University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Chou HD, Shiah SG, Chuang LH, Wu WC, Hwang YS, Chen KJ, Kang EYC, Yeung L, Nien CY, Lai CC. MicroRNA-152-3p and MicroRNA-196a-5p Are Downregulated When Müller Cells Are Promoted by Components of the Internal Limiting Membrane: Implications for Macular Hole Healing. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17188. [PMID: 38139016 PMCID: PMC10743628 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Müller cells play a critical role in the closure of macular holes, and their proliferation and migration are facilitated by the internal limiting membrane (ILM). Despite the importance of this process, the underlying molecular mechanism remains underexplored. This study investigated the effects of ILM components on the microRNA (miRNA) profile of Müller cells. Rat Müller cells (rMC-1) were cultured with a culture insert and varying concentrations of ILM component coatings, namely, collagen IV, laminin, and fibronectin, and cell migration was assessed by measuring cell-free areas in successive photographs following insert removal. MiRNAs were then extracted from these cells and analyzed. Mimics and inhibitors of miRNA candidates were transfected into Müller cells, and a cell migration assay and additional cell viability assays were performed. The results revealed that the ILM components promoted Müller cell migration (p < 0.01). Among the miRNA candidates, miR-194-3p was upregulated, whereas miR-125b-1-3p, miR-132-3p, miR-146b-5p, miR-152-3p, miR-196a-5p, miR-542-5p, miR-871-3p, miR-1839-5p, and miR-3573-3p were significantly downregulated (p < 0.05; fold change > 1.5). Moreover, miR-152-3p and miR-196a-5p reduced cell migration (p < 0.05) and proliferation (p < 0.001), and their suppressive effects were reversed by their respective inhibitors. In conclusion, miRNAs were regulated in ILM component-activated Müller cells, with miR-152-3p and miR-196a-5p regulating Müller cell migration and proliferation. These results serve as a basis for understanding the molecular healing process of macular holes and identifying potential new target genes in future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Da Chou
- Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan; (H.-D.C.); (S.-G.S.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Main Branch, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan; (W.-C.W.); (Y.-S.H.); (K.-J.C.); (E.Y.-C.K.)
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan; (L.-H.C.); (L.Y.)
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan
| | - Shine-Gwo Shiah
- Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan; (H.-D.C.); (S.-G.S.)
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan
| | - Lan-Hsin Chuang
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan; (L.-H.C.); (L.Y.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung 20401, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chi Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Main Branch, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan; (W.-C.W.); (Y.-S.H.); (K.-J.C.); (E.Y.-C.K.)
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan; (L.-H.C.); (L.Y.)
| | - Yih-Shiou Hwang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Main Branch, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan; (W.-C.W.); (Y.-S.H.); (K.-J.C.); (E.Y.-C.K.)
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan; (L.-H.C.); (L.Y.)
| | - Kuan-Jen Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Main Branch, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan; (W.-C.W.); (Y.-S.H.); (K.-J.C.); (E.Y.-C.K.)
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan; (L.-H.C.); (L.Y.)
| | - Eugene Yu-Chuan Kang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Main Branch, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan; (W.-C.W.); (Y.-S.H.); (K.-J.C.); (E.Y.-C.K.)
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan; (L.-H.C.); (L.Y.)
| | - Ling Yeung
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan; (L.-H.C.); (L.Y.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung 20401, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Yi Nien
- Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan; (H.-D.C.); (S.-G.S.)
| | - Chi-Chun Lai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Main Branch, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan; (W.-C.W.); (Y.-S.H.); (K.-J.C.); (E.Y.-C.K.)
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan; (L.-H.C.); (L.Y.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung 20401, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Muñoz EM, Martínez Cerdeño V. Editorial: Transcription regulation - Brain development and homeostasis - A finely tuned and orchestrated scenario in physiology and pathology, volume II. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1280573. [PMID: 37736114 PMCID: PMC10509287 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1280573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Estela M. Muñoz
- Institute of Histology and Embryology of Mendoza (IHEM), National University of Cuyo (UNCuyo), National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Verónica Martínez Cerdeño
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Shriners Hospitals for Children of Northern California, and MIND Institute at the UC Davis Medical Center, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wang Z, Tan W, Li B, Zou J, Li Y, Xiao Y, He Y, Yoshida S, Zhou Y. Exosomal non-coding RNAs in angiogenesis: Functions, mechanisms and potential clinical applications. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18626. [PMID: 37560684 PMCID: PMC10407155 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are extracellular vesicles that can be produced by most cells. Exosomes act as important intermediaries in intercellular communication, and participate in a variety of biological activities between cells. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) usually refer to RNAs that do not encode proteins. Although ncRNAs have no protein-coding capacity, they are able to regulate gene expression at multiple levels. Angiogenesis is the formation of new blood vessels from pre-existing vessels, which is an important physiological process. However, abnormal angiogenesis could induce many diseases such as atherosclerosis, diabetic retinopathy and cancer. Many studies have shown that ncRNAs can stably exist in exosomes and play a wide range of physiological and pathological roles including regulation of angiogenesis. In brief, some specific ncRNAs can be enriched in exosomes secreted by cells and absorbed by recipient cells through the exosome pathway, thus activating relevant signaling pathways in target cells and playing a role in regulating angiogenesis. In this review, we describe the physiological and pathological functions of exosomal ncRNAs in angiogenesis, summarize their role in angiogenesis-related diseases, and illustrate potential clinical applications like novel drug therapy strategies and diagnostic markers in exosome research as inspiration for future investigations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zicong Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
- Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Wei Tan
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
- Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Bingyan Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
- Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Jingling Zou
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
- Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Yun Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
- Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Yangyan Xiao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
- Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Yan He
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
- Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Shigeo Yoshida
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, 830-0011, Japan
| | - Yedi Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
- Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Nita M, Grzybowski A. Antioxidative Role of Heterophagy, Autophagy, and Mitophagy in the Retina and Their Association with the Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD) Etiopathogenesis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1368. [PMID: 37507908 PMCID: PMC10376332 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12071368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD), an oxidative stress-linked neurodegenerative disease, leads to irreversible damage of the central retina and severe visual impairment. Advanced age and the long-standing influence of oxidative stress and oxidative cellular damage play crucial roles in AMD etiopathogenesis. Many authors emphasize the role of heterophagy, autophagy, and mitophagy in maintaining homeostasis in the retina. Relevantly modifying the activity of both macroautophagy and mitophagy pathways represents one of the new therapeutic strategies in AMD. Our review provides an overview of the antioxidative roles of heterophagy, autophagy, and mitophagy and presents associations between dysregulations of these molecular mechanisms and AMD etiopathogenesis. The authors performed an extensive analysis of the literature, employing PubMed and Google Scholar, complying with the 2013-2023 period, and using the following keywords: age-related macular degeneration, RPE cells, reactive oxygen species, oxidative stress, heterophagy, autophagy, and mitophagy. Heterophagy, autophagy, and mitophagy play antioxidative roles in the retina; however, they become sluggish and dysregulated with age and contribute to AMD development and progression. In the retina, antioxidative roles also play in RPE cells, NFE2L2 and PGC-1α proteins, NFE2L2/PGC-1α/ARE signaling cascade, Nrf2 factor, p62/SQSTM1/Keap1-Nrf2/ARE pathway, circulating miRNAs, and Yttrium oxide nanoparticles performed experimentally in animal studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Nita
- Domestic and Specialized Medicine Centre "Dilmed", 40-231 Katowice, Poland
| | - Andrzej Grzybowski
- Institute for Research in Ophthalmology, Foundation for Ophthalmology Development, Gorczyczewskiego 2/3, 61-553 Poznań, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Chatterjee A, Singh R. Extracellular vesicles: an emerging player in retinal homeostasis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1059141. [PMID: 37181750 PMCID: PMC10166895 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1059141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) encompass secreted membrane vesicles of varied sizes, including exosomes (-30-200 nm) and microvesicles (MVs) that are ∼100-1,000 nm in size. EVs play an important role in autocrine, paracrine, and endocrine signaling and are implicated in myriad human disorders including prominent retinal degenerative diseases, like age related macular degeneration (AMD) and diabetic retinopathy (DR). Studies of EVs in vitro using transformed cell lines, primary cultures, and more recently, induced pluripotent stem cell derived retinal cell type(s) (e.g., retinal pigment epithelium) have provided insights into the composition and function of EVs in the retina. Furthermore, consistent with a causal role of EVs in retinal degenerative diseases, altering EV composition has promoted pro-retinopathy cellular and molecular events in both in vitro and in vivo models. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the role of EVs in retinal (patho)physiology. Specifically, we will focus on disease-associated EV alterations in specific retinal diseases. Furthermore, we discuss the potential utility of EVs in diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for targeting retinal diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amit Chatterjee
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
- Center for Visual Science, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Ruchira Singh
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
- Center for Visual Science, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
- UR Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Center, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Benavides-Aguilar JA, Morales-Rodríguez JI, Ambriz-González H, Ruiz-Manriquez LM, Banerjee A, Pathak S, Duttaroy AK, Paul S. The regulatory role of microRNAs in common eye diseases: A brief review. Front Genet 2023; 14:1152110. [PMID: 37065488 PMCID: PMC10090401 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1152110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are highly conserved, small non-coding RNA molecules (∼21 nucleotides) that regulate numerous biological processes, including developmental timing, hematopoiesis, organogenesis, apoptosis, cell differentiation, and proliferation either by mRNA degradation or translation repression. Since eye physiology requires a perfect orchestration of complex regulatory networks, an altered expression of key regulatory molecules such as miRNAs potentially leads to numerous eye disorders. In recent years, comprehensive progress has been made in demonstrating the precise roles of miRNAs, emphasizing their potential use in diagnostic and therapeutic purposes of chronic human diseases. Thus, this review explicitly illustrates the regulatory roles of miRNAs in four common eye disorders, such as cataract, glaucoma, macular degeneration, and uveitis, and their application in disease management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Luis M. Ruiz-Manriquez
- Tecnológico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Queretaro, Mexico
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Medicine and Health Science, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Antara Banerjee
- Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chennai, India
| | - Surajit Pathak
- Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chennai, India
- *Correspondence: Surajit Pathak, ; Asim K. Duttaroy, ; Sujay Paul,
| | - Asim K. Duttaroy
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- *Correspondence: Surajit Pathak, ; Asim K. Duttaroy, ; Sujay Paul,
| | - Sujay Paul
- Tecnológico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Queretaro, Mexico
- *Correspondence: Surajit Pathak, ; Asim K. Duttaroy, ; Sujay Paul,
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Liu A, Hefley B, Escandon P, Nicholas SE, Karamichos D. Salivary Exosomes in Health and Disease: Future Prospects in the Eye. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076363. [PMID: 37047335 PMCID: PMC10094317 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are a group of vesicles that package and transport DNA, RNA, proteins, and lipids to recipient cells. They can be derived from blood, saliva, urine, and/or other biological tissues. Their impact on several diseases, such as neurodegenerative, autoimmune, and ocular diseases, have been reported, but not fully unraveled. The exosomes that are derived from saliva are less studied, but offer significant advantages over exosomes from other sources, due to their accessibility and ease of collection. Thus, their role in the pathophysiology of diseases is largely unknown. In the context of ocular diseases, salivary exosomes have been under-utilized, thus creating an enormous gap in the literature. The current review discusses the state of exosomes research on systemic and ocular diseases and highlights the role and potential of salivary exosomes as future ocular therapeutic vehicles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angela Liu
- Texas College of Osteopathic Medicine, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd., Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3430 Camp Bowie Blvd., Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Brenna Hefley
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3430 Camp Bowie Blvd., Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd., Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Paulina Escandon
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3430 Camp Bowie Blvd., Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd., Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Sarah E. Nicholas
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3430 Camp Bowie Blvd., Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd., Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Dimitrios Karamichos
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3430 Camp Bowie Blvd., Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd., Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd., Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-817-735-2101
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Habibi A, Zarei-Behjani Z, Falamarzi K, Malekpour M, Ebrahimi F, Soleimani M, Nejabat M, Khosravi A, Moayedfard Z, Pakbaz S, Dehdari Ebrahimi N, Azarpira N. Extracellular vesicles as a new horizon in the diagnosis and treatment of inflammatory eye diseases: A narrative review of the literature. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1097456. [PMID: 36969177 PMCID: PMC10033955 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1097456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles include exosomes, microvesicles, and apoptotic bodies. Their cargos contain a diverse variety of lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids that are involved in both normal physiology and pathology of the ocular system. Thus, studying extracellular vesicles may lead to a more comprehensive understanding of the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and even potential treatments for various diseases. The roles of extracellular vesicles in inflammatory eye disorders have been widely investigated in recent years. The term “inflammatory eye diseases” refers to a variety of eye conditions such as inflammation-related diseases, degenerative conditions with remarkable inflammatory components, neuropathy, and tumors. This study presents an overview of extracellular vesicles’ and exosomes’ pathogenic, diagnostic, and therapeutic values in inflammatory eye diseases, as well as existing and potential challenges.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Azam Habibi
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Cell Therapy, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zeinab Zarei-Behjani
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Cell Therapy, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Kimia Falamarzi
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mahdi Malekpour
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ebrahimi
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Masood Soleimani
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Science, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmood Nejabat
- Department of Ophthalmology School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Amir Khosravi
- Department of Ophthalmology School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zahra Moayedfard
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Cell Therapy, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sara Pakbaz
- Department of Pathology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Niloofar Dehdari Ebrahimi
- Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- *Correspondence: Negar Azarpira, ; Niloofar Dehdari Ebrahimi,
| | - Negar Azarpira
- Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- *Correspondence: Negar Azarpira, ; Niloofar Dehdari Ebrahimi,
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small RNA molecules, with their role in gene silencing and translational repression by binding to the target mRNAs. Since it was discovered in 1993, miRNA is found in all eukaryotic cells conserved across the species. miRNA-size molecules are also known to be found in prokaryotes. Regulation of miRNAs is extensively studied for their role in biological processes as well as in development and progression of various human diseases including neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. miRNA-based therapy has a promising application, and with a good delivery system, miRNA therapeutics can potentially be a success. miRNAs and EVs have potential therapeutic and prognostic application in a range of disease models. This chapter summarizes miRNA biogenesis and explores their potential roles in a variety of diseases. miRNAs hold huge potential for diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers and as predictors of drug response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anchal Vishnoi
- Department of Biophysics, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Sweta Rani
- Department of Science, South East Technological University, Waterford, Ireland.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Aggio-Bruce R, Schumann U, Cioanca AV, Chen FK, McLenachan S, Heath Jeffery RC, Das S, Natoli R. Serum miRNA modulations indicate changes in retinal morphology. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1130249. [PMID: 36937046 PMCID: PMC10020626 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1130249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of vision loss in the developed world and the detection of its onset and progression are based on retinal morphological assessments. MicroRNA (miRNA) have been explored extensively as biomarkers for a range of neurological diseases including AMD, however differences in experimental design and the complexity of human biology have resulted in little overlap between studies. Using preclinical animal models and clinical samples, this study employs a novel approach to determine a serum signature of AMD progression. Methods Serum miRNAs were extracted from mice exposed to photo-oxidative damage (PD; 0, 1, 3 and 5 days), and clinical samples from patients diagnosed with reticular pseudodrusen or atrophic AMD. The expression of ~800 miRNAs was measured using OpenArray™, and differential abundance from controls was determined using the HTqPCR R package followed by pathway analysis with DAVID. MiRNA expression changes were compared against quantifiable retinal histological indicators. Finally, the overlap of miRNA changes observed in the mouse model and human patient samples was investigated. Results Differential miRNA abundance was identified at all PD time-points and in clinical samples. Importantly, these were associated with inflammatory pathways and histological changes in the retina. Further, we were able to align findings in the mouse serum to those of clinical patients. Conclusion In conclusion, serum miRNAs are a valid tool as diagnostics for the early detection of retinal degeneration, as they reflect key changes in retinal health. The combination of pre-clinical animal models and human patient samples led to the identification of a preliminary serum miRNA signature for AMD. This study is an important platform for the future development of a diagnostic serum miRNA panel for the early detection of retinal degeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Riemke Aggio-Bruce
- The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT, Australia
- The School of Medicine and Psychology, Acton, ACT, Australia
| | - Ulrike Schumann
- The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT, Australia
- The Save Sight Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Adrian V. Cioanca
- The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT, Australia
| | - Fred K. Chen
- Centre of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- Lions Eye Institute, Perth, WA, Australia
- Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, East Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Samuel McLenachan
- Centre of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- Lions Eye Institute, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Rachael C. Heath Jeffery
- Centre of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- Lions Eye Institute, Perth, WA, Australia
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Shannon Das
- The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT, Australia
| | - Riccardo Natoli
- The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT, Australia
- The School of Medicine and Psychology, Acton, ACT, Australia
- *Correspondence: Riccardo Natoli,
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Rudraprasad D, Naik MN, Joseph J. Proteome profiling of Extracellular Vesicles in Pseudomonas aeruginosa endophthalmitis: Prognostic and therapeutic significance in a mouse model. Exp Cell Res 2022; 419:113306. [PMID: 35963322 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2022.113306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Endophthalmitis is a sight-threatening infection and a serious consequence of complications during intraocular surgery or penetrating injury of which Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an important etiology. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have evolved as a promising entity for developing diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers due to their involvement in intracellular communication and pathogenesis of diseases. We aimed to characterise the protein cargo of extracellular vesicles, isolated from a murine (C57BL/6) model of P. aeruginosa endophthalmitis by LC-MS/MS at 24 h post infection (p.i). EVs were extracted by ultracentrifugation, characterized by Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) and western blotting with tetraspannin markers, CD9 and CD81 and quantified by the ExoCet quantification kit. Multiplex ELISA was performed to estimate the levels of TNF-α, IL-6, IFN-γ and IL-1β. Proteomic analysis identified 2010 proteins (FDR ≤0.01) in EVs from infected mice eyes, of which 137 were differentially expressed (P-value ≤ 0.05). A total of 101 proteins were upregulated and 36 were downregulated. Additionally, 43 proteins were exclusive to infection set. KEGG and Gene Ontology revealed, Focal adhesion, Phagosome pathway, Complement cascade and IL-17 signalling pathway are crucial upregulated pathways involving proteins such as Tenascin, caveolin 1, caveolin 2, glutamine synthetase, microtubule-associated protein, C1, C8 and IL-17. Tenascin and caveolins are known to suppress anti-inflammatory cytokines further exacerbating the disease. The result of this study provides insight into the global extracellular vesicle proteome of P. aeruginosa endophthalmitis with their functional correlation and distinctive pattern of expression and tenascin, caveolin 1 and caveolin 2 are attractive biomarkers for P. aeruginosa endophthalmitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dhanwini Rudraprasad
- Jhaveri Microbiology Centre, Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, L. V. Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India; Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India.
| | - Milind N Naik
- Ophthalmic Plastic Surgery & Facial Aesthetics, LV. Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
| | - Joveeta Joseph
- Jhaveri Microbiology Centre, Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, L. V. Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India; Ramoji Foundation Centre of Ocular Infections, L.V. Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Manukonda R, Attem J, Yenuganti VR, Kaliki S, Vemuganti GK. Exosomes in the visual system: New avenues in ocular diseases. Tumour Biol 2022; 44:129-152. [PMID: 35964221 DOI: 10.3233/tub-211543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are a subgroup of membrane-bound extracellular vesicles secreted by all cell types and present virtually in all biological fluids. The composition of exosomes in the same cell type varies in healthy and disease conditions. Hence, exosomes research is a prime focus area for clinical research in cancer and numerous age-related metabolic syndromes. Functions of exosomes include crucial cell-to-cell communication that mediates complex cellular processes, such as antigen presentation, stem cell differentiation, and angiogenesis. However, very few studies reported the presence and role of exosomes in normal physiological and pathological conditions of specialized ocular tissues of the eye and ocular cancers. The eye being a protected sense organ with unique connectivity with the rest of the body through the blood and natural passages, we believe that the role of exosomes in ocular tissues will significantly improve our understanding of ocular diseases and their interactions with the rest of the body. We present a review that highlights the existence and function of exosomes in various ocular tissues, their role in the progression of some of the neoplastic and non-neoplastic conditions of the eyes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Radhika Manukonda
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India.,The Operation Eyesight Universal Institute for Eye Cancer, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.,Brien Holden Eye Research Center, L. V. Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Jyothi Attem
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Vengala Rao Yenuganti
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Swathi Kaliki
- The Operation Eyesight Universal Institute for Eye Cancer, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.,Brien Holden Eye Research Center, L. V. Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Geeta K Vemuganti
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Zhao X, Ling F, Zhang GW, Yu N, Yang J, Xin XY. The Correlation Between MicroRNAs and Diabetic Retinopathy. Front Immunol 2022; 13:941982. [PMID: 35958584 PMCID: PMC9358975 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.941982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Micro ribonucleic acids (miRNAs), as a category of post-transcriptional gene inhibitors, have a wide range of biological functions, are involved in many pathological processes, and are attractive therapeutic targets. Considerable evidence in ophthalmology indicates that miRNAs play an important role in diabetic retinopathy (DR), especially in inflammation, oxidative stress, and neurodegeneration. Targeting specific miRNAs for the treatment of DR has attracted much attention. This is a review focusing on the pathophysiological roles of miRNAs in DR, diabetic macular edema, and proliferative DR complex multifactorial retinal diseases, with particular emphasis on how miRNAs regulate complex molecular pathways and underlying pathomechanisms. Moreover, the future development potential and application limitations of therapy that targets specific miRNAs for DR are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Inner Mongolia Baogang Hospita, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Feng Ling
- Department of Ophthalmology, Inner Mongolia Baogang Hospita, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Guang wei Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Na Yu
- Department of Scientific research, Inner Mongolia Baogang Hospita, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Biology, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology Baotou Medical College, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, China
- *Correspondence: Jing Yang, ; Xiang yang Xin,
| | - Xiang yang Xin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Inner Mongolia Baogang Hospita, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, China
- *Correspondence: Jing Yang, ; Xiang yang Xin,
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Urbańska K, Stępień PW, Nowakowska KN, Stefaniak M, Osial N, Chorągiewicz T, Toro MD, Nowomiejska K, Rejdak R. The Role of Dysregulated miRNAs in the Pathogenesis, Diagnosis and Treatment of Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147761. [PMID: 35887109 PMCID: PMC9319652 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is an eye disease causing damage to the macular region of the retina where most of the photoreceptors responsible for central visual acuity are located. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small single-stranded non-coding RNA molecules that negatively regulate genes by silent post-transcriptional gene expressions. Previous studies have shown that changes in specific miRNAs are involved in the pathogenesis of eye diseases, including AMD. Altered expressions of miRNAs are related to disturbances of regulating oxidative stress, inflammation, angiogenesis, apoptosis and phagocytosis, which are known factors in the pathogenesis of AMD. Moreover, dysregulation of miRNA is involved in drusen formation. Thus, miRNAs may be used as potential molecular biomarkers for the disease and, furthermore, tailoring therapeutics to particular disturbances in miRNAs may, in the future, offer hope to prevent irreversible vision loss. In this review, we clarify the current state of knowledge about the influence of miRNA on the pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of AMD. Our study material consisted of publications, which were found in PubMed, Google Scholar and Embase databases using “Age-related macular degeneration”, “miRNA”, “AMD biomarkers”, “miRNA therapeutics” and “AMD pathogenesis” as keywords. Paper search was limited to articles published from 2011 to date. In the section “Retinal, circulating and vitreous body miRNAs found in human studies”, we limited the search to studies with patients published in 2016–2021.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Urbańska
- Chair and Department of General and Pediatric Ophthalmology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-079 Lublin, Poland; (K.U.); (P.W.S.); (K.N.N.); (M.S.); (N.O.); (M.D.T.); (K.N.); (R.R.)
| | - Piotr Witold Stępień
- Chair and Department of General and Pediatric Ophthalmology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-079 Lublin, Poland; (K.U.); (P.W.S.); (K.N.N.); (M.S.); (N.O.); (M.D.T.); (K.N.); (R.R.)
| | - Katarzyna Natalia Nowakowska
- Chair and Department of General and Pediatric Ophthalmology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-079 Lublin, Poland; (K.U.); (P.W.S.); (K.N.N.); (M.S.); (N.O.); (M.D.T.); (K.N.); (R.R.)
| | - Martyna Stefaniak
- Chair and Department of General and Pediatric Ophthalmology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-079 Lublin, Poland; (K.U.); (P.W.S.); (K.N.N.); (M.S.); (N.O.); (M.D.T.); (K.N.); (R.R.)
| | - Natalia Osial
- Chair and Department of General and Pediatric Ophthalmology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-079 Lublin, Poland; (K.U.); (P.W.S.); (K.N.N.); (M.S.); (N.O.); (M.D.T.); (K.N.); (R.R.)
| | - Tomasz Chorągiewicz
- Chair and Department of General and Pediatric Ophthalmology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-079 Lublin, Poland; (K.U.); (P.W.S.); (K.N.N.); (M.S.); (N.O.); (M.D.T.); (K.N.); (R.R.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Mario Damiano Toro
- Chair and Department of General and Pediatric Ophthalmology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-079 Lublin, Poland; (K.U.); (P.W.S.); (K.N.N.); (M.S.); (N.O.); (M.D.T.); (K.N.); (R.R.)
- Eye Clinic, Public Health Department, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Katarzyna Nowomiejska
- Chair and Department of General and Pediatric Ophthalmology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-079 Lublin, Poland; (K.U.); (P.W.S.); (K.N.N.); (M.S.); (N.O.); (M.D.T.); (K.N.); (R.R.)
| | - Robert Rejdak
- Chair and Department of General and Pediatric Ophthalmology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-079 Lublin, Poland; (K.U.); (P.W.S.); (K.N.N.); (M.S.); (N.O.); (M.D.T.); (K.N.); (R.R.)
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Rudraprasad D, Sushma MV, Rengan AK, Naik MN, Joseph J. Characterization and proteome profiling of extracellular vesicles in a murine model of Staphylococcus aureus endophthalmitis. Microbes Infect 2022; 24:105014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2022.105014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
21
|
Exosomes, extracellular vesicles and the eye. Exp Eye Res 2021; 214:108892. [PMID: 34896308 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2021.108892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes are a subset of extracellular vesicles which accommodate a cargo of bioactive biomolecules that generally includes proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, sugars, and related conjugates depicting the cellular environment and are known to mediate a wide array of biological functions, like cellular communication, cellular differentiation, immunomodulation, neovascularization, and cellular waste management. The exponential implication of exosomes in the pathological development and progression of various disorders including neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer has offered a tremendous opportunity for exploring their role in ocular conditions. Ocular diseases such as age-related macular disease, glaucoma, infectious endophthalmitis, diabetic retinopathy, autoimmune uveitis etc face various challenges in their early diagnosis and treatments due to contributing factors such as delay in the onset of symptoms, microbial identification, difficulty in obtaining samples for biopsy or being diagnosed as masquerade syndromes. Studies have reported unique exosomal cargos that are involved in successful delivery of miRNA or proteins to recipient cells to express desired expression or exploited as a diagnostic marker for various diseases. Furthermore, engineered exosomes can be used for targeted delivery of therapeutics and exosomes being natural nanoparticles found in all types of cells, host may not elicit an immune response against it. With the rapid advancement of opting personalized therapeutics, extending exosomal research to sight-threatening ocular infections can possibly advance the current diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. This review briefs about the current knowledge of exosomes in visual systems, advancements in exosomal and ophthalmic research, participation of exosomes in the pathogenesis of common ocular diseases, the challenges for exosomal therapies along with the future of this promising domain of research for diseases that fatally threaten billions of people worldwide.
Collapse
|
22
|
ElShelmani H, Brennan I, Kelly DJ, Keegan D. Differential Circulating MicroRNA Expression in Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212321. [PMID: 34830203 PMCID: PMC8625913 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This study explored the expression of several miRNAs reported to be deregulated in age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Total RNA was isolated from sera from patients with dry AMD (n = 12), wet AMD (n = 14), and controls (n = 10). Forty-two previously investigated miRNAs were selected based on published data and their role in AMD pathogenesis, such as angiogenic and inflammatory effects, and were co-analysed using a miRCURY LNA miRNA SYBR® Green PCR kit via quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) to validate their presence. Unsupervised hierarchical clustering indicated that AMD serum specimens have a different miRNA profile to healthy controls. We successfully validated the differentially regulated miRNAs in serum from AMD patients versus controls. Eight miRNAs (hsa-let-7a-5p, hsa-let-7d-5p, hsa-miR-23a-3p, hsa-miR-301a-3p, hsa-miR-361-5p, hsa-miR-27b-3p, hsa-miR-874-3p, hsa-miR-19b-1-5p) showed higher expression in the serum of dry AMD patients than wet AMD patients and compared with healthy controls. Increased quantities of certain miRNAs in the serum of AMD patients indicate that these miRNAs could potentially serve as diagnostic AMD biomarkers and might be used as future AMD treatment targets. The discovery of significant serum miRNA biomarkers in AMD patients would provide an easy screening tool for at-risk populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanan ElShelmani
- Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Eccles St., Dublin 7, Ireland; (H.E.); (I.B.)
| | - Ian Brennan
- Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Eccles St., Dublin 7, Ireland; (H.E.); (I.B.)
- University College Cork, College Road, Cork, Ireland
| | - David J. Kelly
- Zoology Department, School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland;
| | - David Keegan
- Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Eccles St., Dublin 7, Ireland; (H.E.); (I.B.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Du SW, Palczewski K. MicroRNA regulation of critical retinal pigment epithelial functions. Trends Neurosci 2021; 45:78-90. [PMID: 34753606 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2021.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs are short, evolutionarily conserved noncoding RNAs that are critical for the control of normal cellular physiology. In the retina, photoreceptors are highly specialized neurons that transduce light into electrical signals. Photoreceptors, however, are unable to process visual stimuli without the support of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). The RPE performs numerous functions to aid the retina, including the generation of visual chromophore and metabolic support. Recent work has underscored how microRNAs enable vision through their contributions to RPE functions. This review focuses on the biogenesis and control of microRNAs in rodents and humans, the roles microRNAs play in RPE function and degeneration, and how microRNAs could serve as potential therapeutics and biomarkers for visual diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel W Du
- Center for Translational Vision Research, University of California, Irvine School of Medicine, CA, USA; Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, Irvine School of Medicine, CA, USA; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine School of Medicine, CA, USA
| | - Krzysztof Palczewski
- Center for Translational Vision Research, University of California, Irvine School of Medicine, CA, USA; Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, Irvine School of Medicine, CA, USA; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine School of Medicine, CA, USA; Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine School of Medicine, CA, USA; Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine School of Medicine, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|