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Kirthiga Devi SS, Singh S, Joga R, Patil SY, Meghana Devi V, Chetan Dushantrao S, Dwivedi F, Kumar G, Kumar Jindal D, Singh C, Dhamija I, Grover P, Kumar S. Enhancing cancer immunotherapy: Exploring strategies to target the PD-1/PD-L1 axis and analyzing the associated patent, regulatory, and clinical trial landscape. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2024; 200:114323. [PMID: 38754524 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2024.114323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Cancer treatment modalities and their progression is guided by the specifics of cancer, including its type and site of localization. Surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy are the most often used conventional treatments. Conversely, emerging treatment techniques include immunotherapy, hormone therapy, anti-angiogenic therapy, dendritic cell-based immunotherapy, and stem cell therapy. Immune checkpoint inhibitors' anticancer properties have drawn considerable attention in recent studies in the cancer research domain. Programmed Cell Death Protein-1 (PD-1) and its ligand (PD-L1) checkpoint pathway are key regulators of the interactions between activated T-cells and cancer cells, protecting the latter from immune destruction. When the ligand PD-L1 attaches to the receptor PD-1, T-cells are prevented from destroying cells that contain PD-L1, including cancer cells. The PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint inhibitors block them, boosting the immune response and strengthening the body's defenses against tumors. Recent years have seen incredible progress and tremendous advancement in developing anticancer therapies using PD-1/PD-L1 targeting antibodies. While immune-related adverse effects and low response rates significantly limit these therapies, there is a need for research on methods that raise their efficacy and lower their toxicity. This review discusses various recent innovative nanomedicine strategies such as PLGA nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes and drug loaded liposomes to treat cancer targeting PD-1/PD-L1 axis. The biological implications of PD-1/PD-L1 in cancer treatment and the fundamentals of nanotechnology, focusing on the novel strategies used in nanomedicine, are widely discussed along with the corresponding guidelines, clinical trial status, and the patent landscape of such formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Kirthiga Devi
- Department of Regulatory Affairs, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, Telangana 500037, India
| | - Sidhartha Singh
- Department of Natural Products, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, Telangana 500037, India
| | - Ramesh Joga
- Department of Regulatory Affairs, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, Telangana 500037, India
| | - Sharvari Y Patil
- Department of Regulatory Affairs, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, Telangana 500037, India
| | - Vakalapudi Meghana Devi
- Department of Regulatory Affairs, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, Telangana 500037, India
| | - Sabnis Chetan Dushantrao
- Department of Regulatory Affairs, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, Telangana 500037, India
| | - Falguni Dwivedi
- School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, D Y Patil International University, Akurdi, Pune 411044, India
| | - Gautam Kumar
- School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, D Y Patil International University, Akurdi, Pune 411044, India; Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Pilani campus, Rajasthan 333031, India
| | - Deepak Kumar Jindal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar, 125001, India
| | - Charan Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Sciences, Hemvati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal University (A Central University), Srinagar, Garhwal, Uttarakhand 246174, India
| | - Isha Dhamija
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, Telangana 500037, India
| | - Parul Grover
- KIET School of Pharmacy, KIET Group of Institutions, Delhi-NCR, Ghaziabad 201206, India; Department of Pharmaceutics, NIMS Institute of Pharmacy, NIMS University Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan 303121, India
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Department of Regulatory Affairs, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, Telangana 500037, India; Department of Pharmaceutics, NIMS Institute of Pharmacy, NIMS University Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan 303121, India.
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Ahmad I, Altameemi KKA, Hani MM, Ali AM, Shareef HK, Hassan ZF, Alubiady MHS, Al-Abdeen SHZ, Shakier HG, Redhee AH. Shifting cold to hot tumors by nanoparticle-loaded drugs and products. Clin Transl Oncol 2024:10.1007/s12094-024-03577-3. [PMID: 38922537 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-024-03577-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Cold tumors lack antitumor immunity and are resistant to therapy, representing a major challenge in cancer medicine. Because of the immunosuppressive spirit of the tumor microenvironment (TME), this form of tumor has a low response to immunotherapy, radiotherapy, and also chemotherapy. Cold tumors have low infiltration of immune cells and a high expression of co-inhibitory molecules, such as immune checkpoints and immunosuppressive molecules. Therefore, targeting TME and remodeling immunity in cold tumors can improve the chance of tumor repression after therapy. However, tumor stroma prevents the infiltration of inflammatory cells and hinders the penetration of diverse molecules and drugs. Nanoparticles are an intriguing tool for the delivery of immune modulatory agents and shifting cold to hot tumors. In this review article, we discuss the mechanisms underlying the ability of nanoparticles loaded with different drugs and products to modulate TME and enhance immune cell infiltration. We also focus on newest progresses in the design and development of nanoparticle-based strategies for changing cold to hot tumors. These include the use of nanoparticles for targeted delivery of immunomodulatory agents, such as cytokines, small molecules, and checkpoint inhibitors, and for co-delivery of chemotherapy drugs and immunomodulatory agents. Furthermore, we discuss the potential of nanoparticles for enhancing the efficacy of cancer vaccines and cell therapy for overcoming resistance to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irfan Ahmad
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.
| | | | - Mohaned Mohammed Hani
- Department of Medical Instrumentation Engineering Techniques, Imam Ja'afar Al-Sadiq University, Al Muthanna, Iraq
| | - Afaq Mahdi Ali
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Al-Turath University College, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Hasanain Khaleel Shareef
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, College of Science, Al-Mustaqbal University, Hilla, Iraq
- Biology Department, College of Science for Women, University of Babylon, Hilla, Iraq
| | | | | | | | | | - Ahmed Huseen Redhee
- Medical Laboratory Technique College, The Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq
- Medical Laboratory Technique College, The Islamic University of Al Diwaniyah, Al Diwaniyah, Iraq
- Medical Laboratory Technique College, The Islamic University of Babylon, Babylon, Iraq
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Ali DS, Gad HA, Hathout RM. Enhancing Effector Jurkat Cell Activity and Increasing Cytotoxicity against A549 Cells Using Nivolumab as an Anti-PD-1 Agent Loaded on Gelatin Nanoparticles. Gels 2024; 10:352. [PMID: 38920901 PMCID: PMC11202840 DOI: 10.3390/gels10060352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The current research investigated the use of gelatin nanoparticles (GNPs) for enhancing the cytotoxic effects of nivolumab, an immune checkpoint inhibitor. The unique feature of GNPs is their biocompatibility and functionalization potential, improving the delivery and the efficacy of immunotherapeutic drugs with fewer side effects compared to traditional treatments. This exploration of GNPs represents an innovative direction in the advancement of nanomedicine in oncology. Nivolumab-loaded GNPs were prepared and characterized. The optimum formulation had a particle size of 191.9 ± 0.67 nm, a polydispersity index of 0.027 ± 0.02, and drug entrapment of 54.67 ± 3.51%. A co-culture experiment involving A549 target cells and effector Jurkat cells treated with free nivolumab solution, and nivolumab-loaded GNPs, demonstrated that the latter had significant improvements in inhibition rate by scoring 87.88 ± 2.47% for drug-loaded GNPs against 60.53 ± 3.96% for the free nivolumab solution. The nivolumab-loaded GNPs had a lower IC50 value, of 0.41 ± 0.01 µM, compared to free nivolumab solution (1.22 ± 0.37 µM) at 72 h. The results indicate that administering nivolumab-loaded GNPs augmented the cytotoxicity against A549 cells by enhancing effector Jurkat cell activity compared to nivolumab solution treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalia S. Ali
- Department of Biotechnology, Central Administration of Biological, Innovative Products and Clinical Studies, Egyptian Drug Authority, Giza 11566, Egypt
| | - Heba A. Gad
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
- Pharmacy Program, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah 21442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rania M. Hathout
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
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Pérez-Herrero E, Lanier OL, Krishnan N, D'Andrea A, Peppas NA. Drug delivery methods for cancer immunotherapy. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2024; 14:30-61. [PMID: 37587290 PMCID: PMC10746770 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-023-01405-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Despite the fact that numerous immunotherapy-based drugs have been approved by the FDA for the treatment of primary and metastatic tumors, only a small proportion of the population can benefit from them because of primary and acquired resistances. Moreover, the translation of immunotherapy from the bench to the clinical practice is being challenging because of the short half-lives of the involved molecules, the difficulties to accomplish their delivery to the target sites, and some serious adverse effects that are being associated with these approaches. The emergence of drug delivery vehicles in the field of immunotherapy is helping to overcome these difficulties and limitations and this review describes how, providing some illustrative examples. Moreover, this article provides an exhaustive review of the studies that have been published to date on the particular case of hematological cancers. (Created with BioRender).
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgar Pérez-Herrero
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Tecnología Farmacéutica, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.
- Instituto Universitario de Tecnologías Biomédicas, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.
| | - Olivia L Lanier
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Neha Krishnan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Abby D'Andrea
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Nicholas A Peppas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Institute for Biomaterials, Drug Delivery & Regenerative Medicine, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Department of Surgery & Perioperative Care, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
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5
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Jung S, Ben Nasr M, Bahmani B, Usuelli V, Zhao J, Sabiu G, Seelam AJ, Naini SM, Balasubramanian HB, Park Y, Li X, Khalefa SA, Kasinath V, Williams MD, Rachid O, Haik Y, Tsokos GC, Wasserfall CH, Atkinson MA, Bromberg JS, Tao W, Fiorina P, Abdi R. Nanotargeted Delivery of Immune Therapeutics in Type 1 Diabetes. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2300812. [PMID: 37357903 PMCID: PMC10629472 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202300812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Immune therapeutics holds great promise in the treatment of type 1 diabetes (T1D). Nonetheless, their progress is hampered by limited efficacy, equipoise, or issues of safety. To address this, a novel and specific nanodelivery platform for T1D that targets high endothelial venules (HEVs) presented in the pancreatic lymph nodes (PLNs) and pancreas is developed. Data indicate that the pancreata of nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice and patients with T1D are unique in their expression of newly formed HEVs. Anti-CD3 mAb is encapsulated in poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)-poly(ethylene glycol) nanoparticles (NPs), the surfaces of which are conjugated with MECA79 mAb that recognizes HEVs. Targeted delivery of these NPs improves accumulation of anti-CD3 mAb in both the PLNs and pancreata of NOD mice. Treatment of hyperglycemic NOD mice with MECA79-anti-CD3-NPs results in significant reversal of T1D compared to those that are untreated, treated with empty NPs, or provided free anti-CD3. This effect is associated with a significant reduction of T effector cell populations in the PLNs and a decreased production of pro-inflammatory cytokine in the mice treated with MECA79-anti-CD3-NPs. In summary, HEV-targeted therapeutics may be used as a means by which immune therapeutics can be delivered to PLNs and pancreata to suppress autoimmune diabetes effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungwook Jung
- Transplantation Research Center and Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Moufida Ben Nasr
- Division of Nephrology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- International Center for T1D, Pediatric Clinical Research Center Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, DIBIC, Università di Milano, 20157, Milan, Italy
| | - Baharak Bahmani
- Transplantation Research Center and Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Vera Usuelli
- International Center for T1D, Pediatric Clinical Research Center Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, DIBIC, Università di Milano, 20157, Milan, Italy
| | - Jing Zhao
- Transplantation Research Center and Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Gianmarco Sabiu
- Transplantation Research Center and Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Andy Joe Seelam
- Transplantation Research Center and Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Said Movahedi Naini
- Transplantation Research Center and Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Hari Baskar Balasubramanian
- International Center for T1D, Pediatric Clinical Research Center Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, DIBIC, Università di Milano, 20157, Milan, Italy
| | - Youngrong Park
- Transplantation Research Center and Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Xiaofei Li
- Transplantation Research Center and Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Salma Ayman Khalefa
- International Center for T1D, Pediatric Clinical Research Center Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, DIBIC, Università di Milano, 20157, Milan, Italy
| | - Vivek Kasinath
- Transplantation Research Center and Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - MacKenzie D Williams
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, Diabetes Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Ousama Rachid
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Yousef Haik
- Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, University of Sharjah, 27272, Sharjah, UAE
| | - George C Tsokos
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Clive H Wasserfall
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, Diabetes Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Mark A Atkinson
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, Diabetes Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Jonathan S Bromberg
- Departments of Surgery and Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Wei Tao
- Center for Nanomedicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Paolo Fiorina
- Transplantation Research Center and Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Division of Nephrology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- International Center for T1D, Pediatric Clinical Research Center Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, DIBIC, Università di Milano, 20157, Milan, Italy
- Division of Endocrinology, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Milan, Italy
| | - Reza Abdi
- Transplantation Research Center and Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
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Kiaie SH, Salehi-Shadkami H, Sanaei MJ, Azizi M, Shokrollahi Barough M, Nasr MS, Sheibani M. Nano-immunotherapy: overcoming delivery challenge of immune checkpoint therapy. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:339. [PMID: 37735656 PMCID: PMC10512572 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-02083-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint (ICP) molecules expressed on tumor cells can suppress immune responses against tumors. ICP therapy promotes anti-tumor immune responses by targeting inhibitory and stimulatory pathways of immune cells like T cells and dendritic cells (DC). The investigation into the combination therapies through novel immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has been limited due to immune-related adverse events (irAEs), low response rate, and lack of optimal strategy for combinatorial cancer immunotherapy (IMT). Nanoparticles (NPs) have emerged as powerful tools to promote multidisciplinary cooperation. The feasibility and efficacy of targeted delivery of ICIs using NPs overcome the primary barrier, improve therapeutic efficacy, and provide a rationale for more clinical investigations. Likewise, NPs can conjugate or encapsulate ICIs, including antibodies, RNAs, and small molecule inhibitors. Therefore, combining the drug delivery system (DDS) with ICP therapy could provide a profitable immunotherapeutic strategy for cancer treatment. This article reviews the significant NPs with controlled DDS using current data from clinical and pre-clinical trials on mono- and combination IMT to overcome ICP therapeutic limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Hossein Kiaie
- Department of Formulation Development, ReNAP Therapeutics, Tehran, Iran.
- Nano Drug Delivery Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Hossein Salehi-Shadkami
- Department of Formulation Development, ReNAP Therapeutics, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Medical Science, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javad Sanaei
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, 8815713471, Iran
| | - Marzieh Azizi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics (IBB), University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Sadegh Nasr
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering Multi-Interprofessional Center for Health Informatics (MICHI), The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA
| | - Mohammad Sheibani
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Razi Drug Research Center, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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7
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Liu S, Wang H, Shao X, Chen H, Chao S, Zhang Y, Gao Z, Yao Q, Zhang P. Advances in PD-1 signaling inhibition-based nano-delivery systems for tumor therapy. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:207. [PMID: 37403095 PMCID: PMC10318732 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-01966-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, cancer immunotherapy has emerged as an exciting cancer treatment. Immune checkpoint blockade brings new opportunities for more researchers and clinicians. Programmed cell death receptor-1 (PD-1) is a widely studied immune checkpoint, and PD-1 blockade therapy has shown promising results in a variety of tumors, including melanoma, non-small cell lung cancer and renal cell carcinoma, which greatly improves patient overall survival and becomes a promising tool for the eradication of metastatic or inoperable tumors. However, low responsiveness and immune-related adverse effects currently limit its clinical application. Overcoming these difficulties is a major challenge to improve PD-1 blockade therapies. Nanomaterials have unique properties that enable targeted drug delivery, combination therapy through multidrug co-delivery strategies, and controlled drug release through sensitive bonds construction. In recent years, combining nanomaterials with PD-1 blockade therapy to construct novel single-drug-based or combination therapy-based nano-delivery systems has become an effective mean to address the limitations of PD-1 blockade therapy. In this study, the application of nanomaterial carriers in individual delivery of PD-1 inhibitors, combined delivery of PD-1 inhibitors and other immunomodulators, chemotherapeutic drugs, photothermal reagents were reviewed, which provides effective references for designing new PD-1 blockade therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songlin Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, National Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery System, Key Laboratory for Biotechnology Drugs of National Health Commission (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Key Lab for Rare & Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, Jinan, 250117, Shandong, China
| | - Haiyang Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, National Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery System, Key Laboratory for Biotechnology Drugs of National Health Commission (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Key Lab for Rare & Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, Jinan, 250117, Shandong, China
- Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinzhe Shao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, National Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery System, Key Laboratory for Biotechnology Drugs of National Health Commission (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Key Lab for Rare & Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, Jinan, 250117, Shandong, China
| | - Haonan Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, National Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery System, Key Laboratory for Biotechnology Drugs of National Health Commission (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Key Lab for Rare & Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, Jinan, 250117, Shandong, China
| | - Shushu Chao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, National Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery System, Key Laboratory for Biotechnology Drugs of National Health Commission (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Key Lab for Rare & Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, Jinan, 250117, Shandong, China
| | - Yanyan Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, National Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery System, Key Laboratory for Biotechnology Drugs of National Health Commission (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Key Lab for Rare & Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, Jinan, 250117, Shandong, China
| | - Zhaoju Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, National Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery System, Key Laboratory for Biotechnology Drugs of National Health Commission (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Key Lab for Rare & Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, Jinan, 250117, Shandong, China
| | - Qingqiang Yao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, National Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery System, Key Laboratory for Biotechnology Drugs of National Health Commission (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Key Lab for Rare & Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, Jinan, 250117, Shandong, China
| | - Pingping Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, National Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery System, Key Laboratory for Biotechnology Drugs of National Health Commission (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Key Lab for Rare & Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, Jinan, 250117, Shandong, China.
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Abstract
The host immune system possesses an intrinsic ability to target and kill cancer cells in a specific and adaptable manner that can be further enhanced by cancer immunotherapy, which aims to train the immune system to boost the antitumor immune response. Several different categories of cancer immunotherapy have emerged as new standard cancer therapies in the clinic, including cancer vaccines, immune checkpoint inhibitors, adoptive T cell therapy, and oncolytic virus therapy. Despite the remarkable survival benefit for a subset of patients, the low response rate and immunotoxicity remain the major challenges for current cancer immunotherapy. Over the last few decades, nanomedicine has been intensively investigated with great enthusiasm, leading to marked advancements in nanoparticle platforms and nanoengineering technology. Advances in nanomedicine and immunotherapy have also led to the emergence of a nascent research field of nano-immunotherapy, which aims to realize the full therapeutic potential of immunotherapy with the aid of nanomedicine. In particular, nanocarriers present an exciting opportunity in immuno-oncology to boost the activity, increase specificity, decrease toxicity, and sustain the antitumor efficacy of immunological agents by potentiating immunostimulatory activity and favorably modulating pharmacological properties. This review discusses the potential of nanocarriers for cancer immunotherapy and introduces preclinical studies designed to improve clinical cancer immunotherapy modalities using nanocarrier-based engineering approaches. It also discusses the potential of nanocarriers to address the challenges currently faced by immuno-oncology as well as the challenges for their translation to clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isra Rana
- College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Jaeeun Oh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, South Korea
| | - Juwon Baig
- Department of Biological Sciences, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, South Korea
| | - Jeong Hyun Moon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, South Korea
| | - Sejin Son
- Department of Biological Sciences, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, South Korea.
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Inha University/Industry-Academia Interactive R&E Center for Bioprocess Innovation, Inha University, Incheon, South Korea.
| | - Jutaek Nam
- College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea.
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Effects of Particle Geometry for PLGA-Based Nanoparticles: Preparation and In Vitro/In Vivo Evaluation. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15010175. [PMID: 36678804 PMCID: PMC9862984 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15010175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The physicochemical properties (size, shape, zeta potential, porosity, elasticity, etc.) of nanocarriers influence their biological behavior directly, which may result in alterations of the therapeutic outcome. Understanding the effect of shape on the cellular interaction and biodistribution of intravenously injected particles could have fundamental importance for the rational design of drug delivery systems. In the present study, spherical, rod and elliptical disk-shaped PLGA nanoparticles were developed for examining systematically their behavior in vitro and in vivo. An important finding is that the release of the encapsulated human serum albumin (HSA) was significantly higher in spherical particles compared to rod and elliptical disks, indicating that the shape can make a difference. Safety studies showed that the toxicity of PLGA nanoparticles is not shape dependent in the studied concentration range. This study has pioneering findings on comparing spherical, rod and elliptical disk-shaped PLGA nanoparticles in terms of particle size, particle size distribution, colloidal stability, morphology, drug encapsulation, drug release, safety of nanoparticles, cellular uptake and biodistribution. Nude mice bearing non-small cell lung cancer were treated with 3 differently shaped nanoparticles, and the accumulation of nanoparticles in tumor tissue and other organs was not statistically different (p > 0.05). It was found that PLGA nanoparticles with 1.00, 4.0 ± 0.5, 7.5 ± 0.5 aspect ratios did not differ on total tumor accumulation in non-small cell lung cancer.
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10
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Jiang M, Qin B, Li X, Liu Y, Guan G, You J. New advances in pharmaceutical strategies for sensitizing anti-PD-1 immunotherapy and clinical research. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 15:e1837. [PMID: 35929522 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Attempts have been made continuously to use nano-drug delivery system (NDDS) to improve the effect of antitumor therapy. In recent years, especially in the application of immunotherapy represented by antiprogrammed death receptor 1 (anti-PD-1), it has been vigorously developed. Nanodelivery systems are significantly superior in a number of aspects including increasing the solubility of insoluble drugs, enhancing their targeting ability, prolonging their half-life, and reducing side effects. It can not only directly improve the efficacy of anti-PD-1 immunotherapy, but also indirectly enhance the antineoplastic efficacy of immunotherapy by boosting the effectiveness of therapeutic modalities such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, photothermal, and photodynamic therapy (PTT/PDT). Here, we summarize the studies published in recent years on the use of nanotechnology in pharmaceutics to improve the efficacy of anti-PD-1 antibodies, analyze their characteristics and shortcomings, and combine with the current clinical research on anti-PD-1 antibodies to provide a reference for the design of future nanocarriers, so as to further expand the clinical application prospects of NDDSs. This article is categorized under: Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengshi Jiang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bing Qin
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiang Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu Liu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guannan Guan
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian You
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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11
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Zhao J, Jung S, Li X, Li L, Kasinath V, Zhang H, Movahedi SN, Mardini A, Sabiu G, Hwang Y, Saxena V, Song Y, Ma B, Acton SE, Kim P, Madsen JC, Sage PT, Tullius SG, Tsokos GC, Bromberg JS, Abdi R. Delivery of costimulatory blockade to lymph nodes promotes transplant acceptance in mice. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:e159672. [PMID: 36519543 PMCID: PMC9754003 DOI: 10.1172/jci159672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The lymph node (LN) is the primary site of alloimmunity activation and regulation during transplantation. Here, we investigated how fibroblastic reticular cells (FRCs) facilitate the tolerance induced by anti-CD40L in a murine model of heart transplantation. We found that both the absence of LNs and FRC depletion abrogated the effect of anti-CD40L in prolonging murine heart allograft survival. Depletion of FRCs impaired homing of T cells across the high endothelial venules (HEVs) and promoted formation of alloreactive T cells in the LNs in heart-transplanted mice treated with anti-CD40L. Single-cell RNA sequencing of the LNs showed that anti-CD40L promotes a Madcam1+ FRC subset. FRCs also promoted the formation of regulatory T cells (Tregs) in vitro. Nanoparticles (NPs) containing anti-CD40L were selectively delivered to the LNs by coating them with MECA-79, which binds to peripheral node addressin (PNAd) glycoproteins expressed exclusively by HEVs. Treatment with these MECA-79-anti-CD40L-NPs markedly delayed the onset of heart allograft rejection and increased the presence of Tregs. Finally, combined MECA-79-anti-CD40L-NPs and rapamycin treatment resulted in markedly longer allograft survival than soluble anti-CD40L and rapamycin. These data demonstrate that FRCs are critical to facilitating costimulatory blockade. LN-targeted nanodelivery of anti-CD40L could effectively promote heart allograft acceptance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhao
- Transplantation Research Center and
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sungwook Jung
- Transplantation Research Center and
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Xiaofei Li
- Transplantation Research Center and
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lushen Li
- Department of Surgery and
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Vivek Kasinath
- Transplantation Research Center and
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hengcheng Zhang
- Transplantation Research Center and
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Said N. Movahedi
- Transplantation Research Center and
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ahmad Mardini
- Transplantation Research Center and
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gianmarco Sabiu
- Transplantation Research Center and
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yoonha Hwang
- IVIM Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Vikas Saxena
- Department of Surgery and
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Bing Ma
- Institute for Genome Sciences and
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Sophie E. Acton
- Stromal Immunology Group, Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Pilhan Kim
- IVIM Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
- Graduate School of Nanoscience and Technology and
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Joren C. Madsen
- Center for Transplantation Sciences, Department of Surgery
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, and
| | - Peter T. Sage
- Transplantation Research Center and
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Stefan G. Tullius
- Division of Transplant Surgery and Transplant Surgery Research Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - George C. Tsokos
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jonathan S. Bromberg
- Department of Surgery and
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Reza Abdi
- Transplantation Research Center and
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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12
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Design of Nanoparticles in Cancer Therapy Based on Tumor Microenvironment Properties. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14122708. [PMID: 36559202 PMCID: PMC9785496 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14122708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, and battling cancer has always been a challenging subject in medical sciences. All over the world, scientists from different fields of study try to gain a deeper knowledge about the biology and roots of cancer and, consequently, provide better strategies to fight against it. During the past few decades, nanoparticles (NPs) have attracted much attention for the delivery of therapeutic and diagnostic agents with high efficiency and reduced side effects in cancer treatment. Targeted and stimuli-sensitive nanoparticles have been widely studied for cancer therapy in recent years, and many more studies are ongoing. This review aims to provide a broad view of different nanoparticle systems with characteristics that allow them to target diverse properties of the tumor microenvironment (TME) from nanoparticles that can be activated and release their cargo due to the specific characteristics of the TME (such as low pH, redox, and hypoxia) to nanoparticles that can target different cellular and molecular targets of the present cell and molecules in the TME.
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13
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Wu F, Xu X, Li W, Hong Y, Lai H, Zhang J, Wu X, Zhou K, Hu N. Nanoparticle-Delivered Transforming Growth Factor-β1 siRNA Induces PD-1 against Gastric Cancer by Transforming the Phenotype of the Tumor Immune Microenvironment. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15121487. [PMID: 36558938 PMCID: PMC9787292 DOI: 10.3390/ph15121487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) is currently considered to be an important therapeutic method, which obtained FDA approval for clinical use in gastric cancer in 2017. As a new mechanism, it was found that the effect of αPDL1 could be improved by blocking the TGF-β1 signaling pathway, which converts the tumor immune microenvironment from the "immune-excluded phenotype" to the "immune-inflamed phenotype". Based on this phenomenon, this project was designed to prepare TGF-β1-siRNA-loaded PEG-PCL nanoparticles conjugated to αPDL1 (siTGF-β1-αPDL1-PEG-PCL) since we have linked similar antibodies to PEG-PCL previously. Therefore, MFC tumor-engrafted mice were established to simulate the biological characteristics of converting the phenotype of the immune microenvironment, and to study the anti-tumor effect and possible molecular mechanism. In this study, αPDL1 antibody conjugates markedly increased the cell uptake of NPs. The produced αPDL1-PEG-PCL NPs efficiently reduced the amounts of TGF-β1 mRNA in MFC cells, converting the immune microenvironment of MFC tumors engrafted mice from the "immune-excluded phenotype" to the "immune-inflamed phenotype". PDL1-harboring gastric cancer had increased susceptibility to αPDL1. The value of this drug-controlled release system targeting the tumor microenvironment in immune checkpoint therapy of gastric cancer would provide a scientific basis for clinically applying nucleic acid drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenglei Wu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University (The Affiliated Lianyungang Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University), Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Xiujuan Xu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Lianyungang Second People’s Hospital (Lianyungang Cancer Hospital), Lianyungang 222023, China
| | - Wei Li
- Center of Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University (The Affiliated Lianyungang Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University), Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Yidong Hong
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University (The Affiliated Lianyungang Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University), Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Huan Lai
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University (The Affiliated Lianyungang Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University), Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Jingzhou Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University (The Affiliated Lianyungang Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University), Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Xueyu Wu
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Lianyungang Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University (The First People’s Hospital of Lianyungang), Lianyungang 222002, China
| | - Kangjie Zhou
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University (The Affiliated Lianyungang Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University), Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Nan Hu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University (The Affiliated Lianyungang Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University), Xuzhou 221004, China
- Correspondence:
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14
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Recombinant programmed cell death protein 1 functions as an immune check point blockade and enhances anti-cancer immunity. Biomaterials 2022; 285:121550. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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15
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Chuang ST, Conklin B, Stein JB, Pan G, Lee KB. Nanotechnology-enabled immunoengineering approaches to advance therapeutic applications. NANO CONVERGENCE 2022; 9:19. [PMID: 35482149 PMCID: PMC9047473 DOI: 10.1186/s40580-022-00310-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Immunotherapy has reached clinical success in the last decade, with the emergence of new and effective treatments such as checkpoint blockade therapy and CAR T-cell therapy that have drastically improved patient outcomes. Still, these therapies can be improved to limit off-target effects, mitigate systemic toxicities, and increase overall efficacies. Nanoscale engineering offers strategies that enable researchers to attain these goals through the manipulation of immune cell functions, such as enhancing immunity against cancers and pathogens, controlling the site of immune response, and promoting tolerance via the delivery of small molecule drugs or biologics. By tuning the properties of the nanomaterials, such as size, shape, charge, and surface chemistry, different types of immune cells can be targeted and engineered, such as dendritic cells for immunization, or T cells for promoting adaptive immunity. Researchers have come to better understand the critical role the immune system plays in the progression of pathologies besides cancer, and developing nanoengineering approaches that seek to harness the potential of immune cell activities can lead to favorable outcomes for the treatment of injuries and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Skylar T Chuang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Brandon Conklin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Joshua B Stein
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - George Pan
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Ki-Bum Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA.
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16
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Emerging Nanotherapeutic Approaches to Overcome Drug Resistance in Cancers with Update on Clinical Trials. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14040866. [PMID: 35456698 PMCID: PMC9028322 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14040866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A key issue with modern cancer treatments is the emergence of resistance to conventional chemotherapy and molecularly targeted medicines. Cancer nanotherapeutics were created in order to overcome the inherent limitations of traditional chemotherapeutics. Over the last few decades, cancer nanotherapeutics provided unparalleled opportunities to understand and overcome drug resistance through clinical assessment of rationally designed nanoparticulate delivery systems. In this context, various design strategies such as passive targeting, active targeting, nano-drug, and multimodal nano-drug combination therapy provided effective cancer treatment. Even though cancer nanotherapy has made great technological progress, tumor biology complexity and heterogeneity and a lack of comprehensive knowledge of nano-bio interactions remain important roadblocks to future clinical translation and commercialization. The current developments and advancements in cancer nanotherapeutics employing a wide variety of nanomaterial-based platforms to overcome cancer treatment resistance are discussed in this article. There is also a review of various nanotherapeutics-based approaches to cancer therapy, including targeting strategies for the tumor microenvironment and its components, advanced delivery systems for specific targeting of cancer stem cells (CSC), as well as exosomes for delivery strategies, and an update on clinical trials. Finally, challenges and the future perspective of the cancer nanotherapeutics to reverse cancer drug resistance are discussed.
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17
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Tran TH, Phuong Tran TT. Targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 axis for cancer treatment: a review on nanotechnology. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2022; 9:211991. [PMID: 35425626 PMCID: PMC9006034 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.211991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Although nanomedicines have been in the oncology field for almost three decades with the introduction of doxil, only a few nanomedicine products have reached approval. Can nanotechnology be a realistic tool to reduce the number of hospital beds? At present, several clinically approved anti-PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies or CAR T cell-based therapies are available; however, the immunotherapy field is far from mature. Will immunotherapy be the fourth pillar of cancer treatment? In this review, we summarized the current status of immunotherapy using PD-1/PD-L1-targeting nanocarriers. The knowledge on material science, therapeutic agents and formulation designs could pave the way for high-efficacy treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuan Hiep Tran
- Faculty of Pharmacy, PHENIKAA University, Hanoi 12116, Vietnam
| | - Thi Thu Phuong Tran
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of Hanoi Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
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18
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Yadav D, Kwak M, Chauhan PS, Puranik N, Lee PCW, Jin JO. Cancer immunotherapy by immune checkpoint blockade and its advanced application using bio-nanomaterials. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:909-922. [PMID: 35181474 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide. Traditional approaches, such as surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy have been the main cancer therapeutic modalities in recent years. Cancer immunotherapy is a novel therapeutic modality that potentiates the immune responses of patients against malignancy. Immune checkpoint proteins expressed on T cells or tumor cells serve as a target for inhibiting T cell overactivation, maintaining the balance between self-reactivity and autoimmunity. Tumors essentially hijack the immune checkpoint pathway in order to survive and spread. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are being developed as a result to reactivate the anti-tumor immune response. Recent advances in nanotechnology have contributed to the development of successful, safe, and efficient anticancer drug systems based on nanoparticles. Nanoparticle-based cancer immunotherapy overcomes numerous challenges and offers novel strategies for improving conventional immunotherapies. The fundamental and physiochemical properties of nanoparticles depend on various cancer therapeutic strategies, such as chemotherapeutics, nucleic acid-based treatments, photothermal therapy, and photodynamic agents. The review discusses the use of nanoparticles as carriers for delivering immune checkpoint inhibitors and their efficacy in cancer combination therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhananjay Yadav
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, South Korea; Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, South Korea
| | - Minseok Kwak
- Department of Chemistry and Industry 4.0 Convergence Bionics Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan, South Korea
| | | | - Nidhi Puranik
- Biological Sciences Department, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Peter C W Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, ASAN Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Jun-O Jin
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, South Korea; Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, South Korea.
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Liu L, Kshirsagar PG, Gautam SK, Gulati M, Wafa EI, Christiansen JC, White BM, Mallapragada SK, Wannemuehler MJ, Kumar S, Solheim JC, Batra SK, Salem AK, Narasimhan B, Jain M. Nanocarriers for pancreatic cancer imaging, treatments, and immunotherapies. Theranostics 2022; 12:1030-1060. [PMID: 35154473 PMCID: PMC8771545 DOI: 10.7150/thno.64805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic tumors are highly desmoplastic and immunosuppressive. Delivery and distribution of drugs within pancreatic tumors are compromised due to intrinsic physical and biochemical stresses that lead to increased interstitial fluid pressure, vascular compression, and hypoxia. Immunotherapy-based approaches, including therapeutic vaccines, immune checkpoint inhibition, CAR-T cell therapy, and adoptive T cell therapies, are challenged by an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Together, extensive fibrosis and immunosuppression present major challenges to developing treatments for pancreatic cancer. In this context, nanoparticles have been extensively studied as delivery platforms and adjuvants for cancer and other disease therapies. Recent advances in nanotechnology have led to the development of multiple nanocarrier-based formulations that not only improve drug delivery but also enhance immunotherapy-based approaches for pancreatic cancer. This review discusses and critically analyzes the novel nanoscale strategies that have been used for drug delivery and immunomodulation to improve treatment efficacy, including newly emerging immunotherapy-based approaches. This review also presents important perspectives on future research directions that will guide the rational design of novel and robust nanoscale platforms to treat pancreatic tumors, particularly with respect to targeted therapies and immunotherapies. These insights will inform the next generation of clinical treatments to help patients manage this debilitating disease and enhance survival rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luman Liu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
| | - Prakash G. Kshirsagar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha NE
| | - Shailendra K. Gautam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha NE
| | - Mansi Gulati
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha NE
| | - Emad I. Wafa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - John C. Christiansen
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology & Preventive Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
| | - Brianna M. White
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
| | - Surya K. Mallapragada
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
- Nanovaccine Institute, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
| | - Michael J. Wannemuehler
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology & Preventive Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
- Nanovaccine Institute, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
| | - Sushil Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha NE
| | - Joyce C. Solheim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha NE
- Nanovaccine Institute, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
- Eppley Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha NE
| | - Surinder K. Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha NE
- Nanovaccine Institute, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
- Eppley Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha NE
| | - Aliasger K. Salem
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
- Nanovaccine Institute, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
| | - Balaji Narasimhan
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
- Nanovaccine Institute, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
| | - Maneesh Jain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha NE
- Nanovaccine Institute, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha NE
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20
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Wang J, Yang J, Kopeček J. Nanomedicines in B cell-targeting therapies. Acta Biomater 2022; 137:1-19. [PMID: 34687954 PMCID: PMC8678319 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
B cells play multiple roles in immune responses related to autoimmune diseases as well as different types of cancers. As such, strategies focused on B cell targeting attracted wide interest and developed intensively. There are several common mechanisms various B cell targeting therapies have relied on, including direct B cell depletion, modulation of B cell antigen receptor (BCR) signaling, targeting B cell survival factors, targeting the B cell and T cell costimulation, and immune checkpoint blockade. Nanocarriers, used as drug delivery vehicles, possess numerous advantages to low molecular weight drugs, reducing drug toxicity, enhancing blood circulation time, as well as augmenting targeting efficacy and improving therapeutic effect. Herein, we review the commonly used targets involved in B cell targeting approaches and the utilization of various nanocarriers as B cell-targeted delivery vehicles. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: As B cells are engaged significantly in the development of many kinds of diseases, utilization of nanomedicines in B cell depletion therapies have been rapidly developed. Although numerous studies focused on B cell targeting have already been done, there are still various potential receptors awaiting further investigation. This review summarizes the most relevant studies that utilized nanotechnologies associated with different B cell depletion approaches, providing a useful tool for selection of receptors, agents and/or nanocarriers matching specific diseases. Along with uncovering new targets in the function map of B cells, there will be a growing number of candidates that can benefit from nanoscale drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Wang
- Center for Controlled Chemical Delivery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States; Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Jiyuan Yang
- Center for Controlled Chemical Delivery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States; Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Jindřich Kopeček
- Center for Controlled Chemical Delivery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States; Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States.
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Systematic Review of Cancer Targeting by Nanoparticles Revealed a Global Association between Accumulation in Tumors and Spleen. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222313011. [PMID: 34884816 PMCID: PMC8657629 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222313011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Active targeting of nanoparticles toward tumors is one of the most rapidly developing topics in nanomedicine. Typically, this strategy involves the addition of cancer-targeting biomolecules to nanoparticles, and studies on this topic have mainly focused on the localization of such formulations in tumors. Here, the analysis of the factors determining efficient nanoparticle targeting and therapy, various parameters such as types of targeting molecules, nanoparticle type, size, zeta potential, dose, and the circulation time are given. In addition, the important aspects such as how active targeting of nanoparticles alters biodistribution and how non-specific organ uptake influences tumor accumulation of the targeted nanoformulations are discussed. The analysis reveals that an increase in tumor accumulation of targeted nanoparticles is accompanied by a decrease in their uptake by the spleen. There is no association between targeting-induced changes of nanoparticle concentrations in tumors and other organs. The correlation between uptake in tumors and depletion in the spleen is significant for mice with intact immune systems in contrast to nude mice. Noticeably, modulation of splenic and tumor accumulation depends on the targeting molecules and nanoparticle type. The median survival increases with the targeting-induced nanoparticle accumulation in tumors; moreover, combinatorial targeting of nanoparticle drugs demonstrates higher treatment efficiencies. Results of the comprehensive analysis show optimal strategies to enhance the efficiency of actively targeted nanoparticle-based medicines.
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22
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Harnessing the combined potential of cancer immunotherapy and nanomedicine: A new paradigm in cancer treatment. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2021; 40:102492. [PMID: 34775062 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2021.102492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy has recently emerged as a rising star due to its ability to activate patients' immune systems to fight tumors and prevent relapse. Conversely, the interest in cancer nanomedicine has seemingly waned due to its lackluster clinical translation. Despite being hailed as a game-changer in oncology, cancer immunotherapy still faces numerous challenges. Combining both entities together has thus been one among several solutions proposed to circumvent these challenges. This solution has since gained traction and has also led to a renaissance of cancer nanomedicine. While most combinations are currently experimental at best, some have progressed on to clinical trials. This review thus seeks to examine the advantages and disadvantages of integrating both modalities as a cancer treatment. The opportunities, challenges and future directions of this emerging field will also be explored with the hope that such a combination will lead to a paradigm shift in cancer treatments.
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23
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Recent advances in active targeting of nanomaterials for anticancer drug delivery. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 296:102509. [PMID: 34455211 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2021.102509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
One of the challenges in cancer chemotherapy is the low target to non-target ratio of therapeutic agents which incur severe adverse effect on the healthy tissues. In this regard, nanomaterials have tremendous potential for impacting cancer therapy by altering the toxicity profile of the drug. Some of the striking advantages provided by the nanocarriers mediated targeted drug delivery are relatively high build-up of drug concentration at the tumor site, improved drug content in the formulation and enhanced colloidal stability. Further, nanocarriers with tumor-specific moieties can be targeted to the cancer cell through cell surface receptors, tumor antigens and tumor vasculatures with high affinity and accuracy. Moreover, it overcomes the bottleneck of aimless drug biodistribution, undesired toxicity and heavy dosage of administration. This review discusses the recent developments in active targeting of nanomaterials for anticancer drug delivery through cancer cell surface targeting, organelle specific targeting and tumor microenvironment targeting strategies. Special emphasis has been given towards cancer cell surface and organelle specific targeting as delivery of anticancer drugs through these routes have made paradigm change in cancer management. Further, the current challenges and future prospects of nanocarriers mediated active drug targeting are also demonstrated.
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24
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Durán-Lobato M, López-Estévez AM, Cordeiro AS, Dacoba TG, Crecente-Campo J, Torres D, Alonso MJ. Nanotechnologies for the delivery of biologicals: Historical perspective and current landscape. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 176:113899. [PMID: 34314784 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.113899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Biological macromolecule-based therapeutics irrupted in the pharmaceutical scene generating a great hope due to their outstanding specificity and potency. However, given their susceptibility to degradation and limited capacity to overcome biological barriers new delivery technologies had to be developed for them to reach their targets. This review aims at analyzing the historical seminal advances that shaped the development of the protein/peptide delivery field, along with the emerging technologies on the lead of the current landscape. Particularly, focus is made on technologies with a potential for transmucosal systemic delivery of protein/peptide drugs, followed by approaches for the delivery of antigens as new vaccination strategies, and formulations of biological drugs in oncology, with special emphasis on mAbs. Finally, a discussion of the key challenges the field is facing, along with an overview of prospective advances are provided.
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25
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Combination Treatment of Topical Imiquimod Plus Anti-PD-1 Antibody Exerts Significantly Potent Antitumor Effect. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13163948. [PMID: 34439104 PMCID: PMC8391905 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13163948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The exact mechanisms of the imiquimod (IMQ)-induced antitumor effect have not been fully understood. Although both topical IMQ treatment and anti-PD-1 antibody may be used for primary skin lesions or skin metastases of various cancers, the efficacy of each monotherapy for these lesions is insufficient. Using a murine tumor model and human samples, we aimed to elucidate the detailed mechanisms of the IMQ-induced antitumor effect and analyzed the antitumor effect of combination therapy of topical IMQ plus anti-PD-1 antibody. Topical IMQ significantly suppressed the tumor growth of MC38 in wildtype mice. IMQ upregulated interferon γ (IFN-γ) expression in CD8+ T cells in both the lymph nodes and the tumor, and the antitumor effect was abolished in both Rag1-deficient mice and IFN-γ-deficient mice, indicating that IFN-γ produced by CD8+ T cells play a crucial role in the IMQ-induced antitumor effect. IMQ also upregulated PD-1 expression in T cells as well as PD-L1/PD-L2 expression in myeloid cells, suggesting that IMQ induces not only T-cell activation but also T-cell exhaustion by enhanced PD-1 inhibitory signaling. Combination therapy of topical IMQ plus anti-PD-1 antibody exerted a significantly potent antitumor effect when compared with each single therapy, indicating that the combination therapy is a promising therapy for the skin lesions of various cancers.
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26
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Est-Witte SE, Livingston NK, Omotoso MO, Green JJ, Schneck JP. Nanoparticles for generating antigen-specific T cells for immunotherapy. Semin Immunol 2021; 56:101541. [PMID: 34922816 PMCID: PMC8900015 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2021.101541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
T cell therapy shows promise as an immunotherapy in both immunostimulatory and immunosuppressive applications. However, the forms of T cell-based therapy that are currently in the clinic, such as adoptive cell transfer and vaccines, are limited by cost, time-to-treatment, and patient variability. Nanoparticles offer a modular, universal platform to improve the efficacy of various T cell therapies as nanoparticle properties can be easily modified for enhanced cell targeting, organ targeting, and cell internalization. Nanoparticles can enhance or even replace endogenous cells during each step of generating an antigen-specific T cell response - from antigen presentation and T cell activation to T cell maintenance. In this review, we discuss the unique applications of nanoparticles for antigen-specific T cell therapy, focusing on nanoparticles as vaccines (to activate endogenous antigen presenting cells (APCs)), as artificial Antigen Presenting Cells (aAPCs, to directly activate T cells), and as drug delivery vehicles (to support activated T cells).
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Affiliation(s)
- Savannah E Est-Witte
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; Translational Tissue Engineering Center, USA, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; Institute for Nanobiotechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Natalie K Livingston
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; Translational Tissue Engineering Center, USA, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; Institute for Nanobiotechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Mary O Omotoso
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; Institute for Nanobiotechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Jordan J Green
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; Translational Tissue Engineering Center, USA, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; Institute for Nanobiotechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Departments of Ophthalmology, Oncology, Neurosurgery, Materials Science & Engineering, and Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, and The Bloomberg∼Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA.
| | - Jonathan P Schneck
- Institute for Nanobiotechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Departments of Pathology and Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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27
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Persano S, Das P, Pellegrino T. Magnetic Nanostructures as Emerging Therapeutic Tools to Boost Anti-Tumour Immunity. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:2735. [PMID: 34073106 PMCID: PMC8198238 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13112735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy has shown remarkable results in various cancer types through a range of immunotherapeutic approaches, including chimeric antigen receptor-T cell (CAR-T) therapy, immune checkpoint blockade (ICB), and therapeutic vaccines. Despite the enormous potential of cancer immunotherapy, its application in various clinical settings has been limited by immune evasion and immune suppressive mechanisms occurring locally or systemically, low durable response rates, and severe side effects. In the last decades, the rapid advancement of nanotechnology has been aiming at the development of novel synthetic nanocarriers enabling precise and enhanced delivery of immunotherapeutics, while improving drug stability and effectiveness. Magnetic nanostructured formulations are particularly intriguing because of their easy surface functionalization, low cost, and robust manufacturing procedures, together with their suitability for the implementation of magnetically-guided and heat-based therapeutic strategies. Here, we summarize and discuss the unique features of magnetic-based nanostructures, which can be opportunely designed to potentiate classic immunotherapies, such as therapeutic vaccines, ICB, adoptive cell therapy (ACT), and in situ vaccination. Finally, we focus on how multifunctional magnetic delivery systems can facilitate the anti-tumour therapies relying on multiple immunotherapies and/or other therapeutic modalities. Combinatorial magnetic-based therapies are indeed offering the possibility to overcome current challenges in cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Persano
- Nanomaterials for Biomedical Applications, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy;
| | | | - Teresa Pellegrino
- Nanomaterials for Biomedical Applications, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy;
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28
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ExoSTING, an extracellular vesicle loaded with STING agonists, promotes tumor immune surveillance. Commun Biol 2021; 4:497. [PMID: 33888863 PMCID: PMC8062530 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02004-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclic dinucleotide (CDN) agonists of the STimulator of InterferoN Genes (STING) pathway have shown immune activation and tumor clearance in pre-clinical models. However, CDNs administered intratumorally also promote STING activation leading to direct cytotoxicity of many cell types in the tumor microenvironment (TME), systemic inflammation due to rapid tumor extravasation of the CDN, and immune ablation in the TME. These result in a failure to establish immunological memory. ExoSTING, an engineered extracellular vesicle (EV) exogenously loaded with CDN, enhances the potency of CDN and preferentially activates antigen presenting cells in the TME. Following intratumoral injection, exoSTING was retained within the tumor, enhanced local Th1 responses and recruitment of CD8+ T cells, and generated systemic anti-tumor immunity to the tumor. ExoSTING at therapeutically active doses did not induce systemic inflammatory cytokines, resulting in an enhanced therapeutic window. ExoSTING is a novel, differentiated therapeutic candidate that leverages the natural biology of EVs to enhance the activity of CDNs.
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29
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Volovat SR, Negru S, Stolniceanu CR, Volovat C, Lungulescu C, Scripcariu D, Cobzeanu BM, Stefanescu C, Grigorescu C, Augustin I, Lupascu Ursulescu C, Volovat CC. Nanomedicine to modulate immunotherapy in cutaneous melanoma (Review). Exp Ther Med 2021; 21:535. [PMID: 33815608 PMCID: PMC8014970 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.9967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy has shifted the paradigm in cancer treatment in recent years. Immune checkpoint blockage (ICB), the active cancer vaccination and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) for T-cell-based adoptive cell transfer represent the main developments, achieving a surprising increased survival in patients included in clinical trials. In spite of these results, the current state-of-the-art immunotherapy has its limitations in efficacy. The existence of an interdisciplinary interface involving current knowledge in biology, immunology, bioengineering and materials science represents important progress in increasing the effectiveness of immunotherapy in cancer. Cutaneous melanoma remains a difficult cancer to treat, in which immunotherapy is a major therapeutic option. In fact, enhancing immunotherapy is possible using sophisticated biomedical nanotechnology platforms of organic or inorganic materials or engineering various immune cells to enhance the immune system. In addition, biological devices have developed, changing the approach to and treatment results in melanoma. In this review, we present different modalities to modulate the immune system, as well as opportunities and challenges in melanoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Ruxandra Volovat
- Department of Medicine III-Medical Oncology-Radiotherapy, 'Grigore T. Popa' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Serban Negru
- Department of Medical Oncology, 'Victor Babes' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Cati Raluca Stolniceanu
- Department of Biophysics and Medical Physics-Nuclear Medicine, 'Grigore T. Popa' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Constantin Volovat
- Department of Medicine III-Medical Oncology-Radiotherapy, 'Grigore T. Popa' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania.,Department of Medical Oncology, 'Euroclinic' Center of Oncology, 70010 Iasi, Romania
| | - Cristian Lungulescu
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Dragos Scripcariu
- Department of Surgery, 'Grigore T. Popa' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Bogdan Mihail Cobzeanu
- Department of Surgery, 'Grigore T. Popa' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Cipriana Stefanescu
- Department of Biophysics and Medical Physics-Nuclear Medicine, 'Grigore T. Popa' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Cristina Grigorescu
- Department of Surgery, 'Grigore T. Popa' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Iolanda Augustin
- Department of Medical Oncology, 'Euroclinic' Center of Oncology, 70010 Iasi, Romania
| | - Corina Lupascu Ursulescu
- Department of Radiology, 'Grigore T. Popa' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Cristian Constantin Volovat
- Department of Radiology, 'Grigore T. Popa' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania.,Department of Radiology, 'Sf. Spiridon' Emergency Clinic Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania
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30
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Cremolini C, Vitale E, Rastaldo R, Giachino C. Advanced Nanotechnology for Enhancing Immune Checkpoint Blockade Therapy. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:661. [PMID: 33800368 PMCID: PMC7998763 DOI: 10.3390/nano11030661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint receptor signaling pathways constitute a prominent class of "immune synapse," a cell-to-cell connection that represses T-lymphocyte effector functions. As a possible evolutionary countermeasure against autoimmunity, this strategy is aimed at lowering potential injury to uninfected cells in infected tissues and at minimizing systemic inflammation. Nevertheless, tumors can make use of these strategies to escape immune recognition, and consequently, such mechanisms represent chances for immunotherapy intervention. Recent years have witnessed the advance of pharmaceutical nanotechnology, or nanomedicine, as a possible strategy to ameliorate immunotherapy technical weaknesses thanks to its intrinsic biophysical properties and multifunctional modifying capability. To improve the long-lasting response rate of checkpoint blockade therapy, nanotechnology has been employed at first for the delivery of single checkpoint inhibitors. Further, while therapy via single immune checkpoint blockade determines resistance and a restricted period of response, strong interest has been raised to efficiently deliver immunomodulators targeting different inhibitory pathways or both inhibitory and costimulatory pathways. In this review, the partially explored promise in implementation of nanotechnology to improve the success of immune checkpoint therapy and solve the limitations of single immune checkpoint inhibitors is debated. We first present the fundamental elements of the immune checkpoint pathways and then outline recent promising results of immune checkpoint blockade therapy in combination with nanotechnology delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Cremolini
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Emanuela Vitale
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, 10043 Orbassano, Italy; (E.V.); (C.G.)
| | - Raffaella Rastaldo
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, 10043 Orbassano, Italy; (E.V.); (C.G.)
| | - Claudia Giachino
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, 10043 Orbassano, Italy; (E.V.); (C.G.)
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31
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Isser A, Livingston NK, Schneck JP. Biomaterials to enhance antigen-specific T cell expansion for cancer immunotherapy. Biomaterials 2021; 268:120584. [PMID: 33338931 PMCID: PMC7856270 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
T cells are often referred to as the 'guided missiles' of our immune system because of their capacity to traffic to and accumulate at sites of infection or disease, destroy infected or mutated cells with high specificity and sensitivity, initiate systemic immune responses, sterilize infections, and produce long-lasting memory. As a result, they are a common target for a range of cancer immunotherapies. However, the myriad of challenges of expanding large numbers of T cells specific to each patient's unique tumor antigens has led researchers to develop alternative, more scalable approaches. Biomaterial platforms for expansion of antigen-specific T cells offer a path forward towards broadscale translation of personalized immunotherapies by providing "off-the-shelf", yet modular approaches to customize the phenotype, function, and specificity of T cell responses. In this review, we discuss design considerations and progress made in the development of ex vivo and in vivo technologies for activating antigen-specific T cells, including artificial antigen presenting cells, T cell stimulating scaffolds, biomaterials-based vaccines, and artificial lymphoid organs. Ultimate translation of these platforms as a part of cancer immunotherapy regimens hinges on an in-depth understanding of T cell biology and cell-material interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel Isser
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, USA; Institute for Cell Engineering, School of Medicine, USA
| | - Natalie K Livingston
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, USA; Institute for Cell Engineering, School of Medicine, USA; Translational Tissue Engineering Center, USA; Institute for Nanobiotechnology, USA
| | - Jonathan P Schneck
- Institute for Cell Engineering, School of Medicine, USA; Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, USA; Institute for Nanobiotechnology, USA; Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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32
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Li W, Peng A, Wu H, Quan Y, Li Y, Lu L, Cui M. Anti-Cancer Nanomedicines: A Revolution of Tumor Immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2020; 11:601497. [PMID: 33408716 PMCID: PMC7779686 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.601497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapies have been accelerating the development of anti-cancer clinical treatment, but its low objective responses and severe off-target immune-related adverse events (irAEs) limit the range of application. Strategies to remove these obstacles primarily focus on the combination of different therapies and the exploitation of new immunotherapeutic agents. Nanomedicine potentiates the effects of activating immune cells selectively and reversing tumor induced immune deficiency microenvironment through multiple mechanisms. In the last decade, a variety of nano-enabled tumor immunotherapies was under clinical investigation. As time goes by, the advantages of nanomedicine are increasingly prominent. With the continuous development of nanotechnology, nanomedicine will offer more distinctive perspectives in imaging diagnosis and treatment of tumors. In this Review, we wish to provide an overview of tumor immunotherapy and the mechanisms of nanomaterials that aim to enhance the efficacy of tumor immunotherapy under development or in clinic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Department of General Surgery, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Anghui Peng
- Zhuhai Interventional Medical Center, Zhuhai Precision Medical Center, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Huajun Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Yingyao Quan
- Zhuhai Interventional Medical Center, Zhuhai Precision Medical Center, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai, China.,Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Yong Li
- Zhuhai Interventional Medical Center, Zhuhai Precision Medical Center, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Ligong Lu
- Zhuhai Interventional Medical Center, Zhuhai Precision Medical Center, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Min Cui
- Department of General Surgery, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai, China
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33
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Hejmady S, Pradhan R, Alexander A, Agrawal M, Singhvi G, Gorain B, Tiwari S, Kesharwani P, Dubey SK. Recent advances in targeted nanomedicine as promising antitumor therapeutics. Drug Discov Today 2020; 25:2227-2244. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2020.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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34
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Steenbrugge J, De Jaeghere EA, Meyer E, Denys H, De Wever O. Splenic Hematopoietic and Stromal Cells in Cancer Progression. Cancer Res 2020; 81:27-34. [PMID: 32998999 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-2339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Tumor-derived secretory factors orchestrate splenic hematopoietic and stromal cells to fuel metastasis. The spleen acts as a reservoir site for hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells, which are rapidly exploited as myeloid-derived suppressor cells at the cost of tumor-reactive lymphoid cells. Splenic erythroid progenitor cells and mesenchymal stromal cells contribute directly and indirectly to both tumor immune escape and the metastatic cascade. Animal models provide valuable mechanistic insights, but their translation to a clinical setting highlights specific challenges and open issues. In this review, we envision the exploitation of the spleen as a source for novel biomarkers and therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Steenbrugge
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Emiel A De Jaeghere
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
- Gynecologic Pelvic Oncology Network Ghent (GYPON), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Evelyne Meyer
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hannelore Denys
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
- Gynecologic Pelvic Oncology Network Ghent (GYPON), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Olivier De Wever
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium.
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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35
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Banstola A, Jeong JH, Yook S. Immunoadjuvants for cancer immunotherapy: A review of recent developments. Acta Biomater 2020; 114:16-30. [PMID: 32777293 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.07.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy evolved as a new treatment modality to eradicate tumor cells and has gained in popularity after its successful clinical transition. By activating antigen-presenting cells (APCs), and thus, inducing innate or adaptive immune responses, immunoadjuvants have become promising tools for cancer immunotherapy. Different types of immunoadjuvants such as toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists, exosomes, and metallic and plant-derived immunoadjuvants have been studied for their immunological effects. However, the clinical use of immunoadjuvants is limited by short response rates and various side-effects. The rapid progress made in the development of nanoparticle systems as immunoadjuvant carrier vehicles has provided potential carriers for cancer immunotherapy. In this review article, we describe different types of immunoadjuvants, their limitations, modes of action, and the reasons for their clinical adoption. In addition, we review recent progress made in the nanoparticle-based immunoadjuvant field and on the combined use of nanoparticle-based immunoadjuvants and chemotherapy, phototherapy, radiation therapy, and immune checkpoint inhibitor-based therapy. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Cancer immunotherapy emerged as a new hope for treating malignant tumors. Different types of immunoadjuvants serve as an important tool for cancer immunotherapy by activating an innate or adaptive immune response. Limitation of free immunoadjuvant has paved the path for the development of nanoparticle-based immunoadjuvant therapy with the hope of prolonging the therapeutic efficacy. This review highlights the recent advancement made in nanoparticle-based immunoadjuvant therapy in modulating the adaptive and innate immune system. The application of the combinatorial approach of chemotherapy, phototherapy, radiation therapy adds synergy in nanoparticle-based immunoadjuvant therapy. It will broaden the reader's understanding on the recent progress made in immunotherapy with the aid of immunoadjuvant-based nanosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmita Banstola
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu, 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee-Heon Jeong
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Republic of Korea.
| | - Simmyung Yook
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu, 42601, Republic of Korea.
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Mehdi A, Attias M, Mahmood N, Arakelian A, Mihalcioiu C, Piccirillo CA, Szyf M, Rabbani SA. Enhanced Anticancer Effect of a Combination of S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) and Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor (ICPi) in a Syngeneic Mouse Model of Advanced Melanoma. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1361. [PMID: 32983966 PMCID: PMC7492272 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICPi) targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway have shown marked success in patients with advanced melanoma. However, 60-70% of patients fail to respond, warranting a therapeutic intervention that could increase response rates. We and others have shown that S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), a universal methyl donor, has significant anticancer effects in numerous cancers previously; however, its effect on melanoma progression has not been evaluated. Interestingly, SAM was reported to be essential for T cell activation and proliferation and, thus, could potentially cooperate with ICPi and block melanoma progression. In this study, we examined the antitumor effects of SAM and ICPi alone and in combination in a well-established melanoma mouse model wherein syngeneic C57BL/6 mouse were subcutaneously (orthotopic) injected with B16-F1 cells. Treatment of mice with either SAM or anti-PD-1 antibody alone resulted in significant reduction in tumor volumes and weights; effects that were highest in mice treated with a combination of SAM+anti-PD-1. RNA-sequencing analysis of the primary tumors showed numerous differentially expressed genes (DEGs) following treatment with SAM+anti-PD-1, which was shown to downregulate cancer, MAPK, and tyrosine kinase pathways. Indeed, SAM+anti-PD-1 reversed the aberrant expression of some known melanoma genes. Tumor immunophenotyping revealed the SAM+anti-PD-1 combination was significantly more effective than either SAM or anti-PD-1 as the CD8+ T cells had higher activation, proliferation, and cytokine production compared to all other groups. This study shows that the combination of currently approved agents SAM and ICPi can effectively block melanoma via alteration of key genes/pathways implicated in cancer and immune response pathways, providing the rationale for the initiation of clinical trials with SAM and ICPi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Mehdi
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Program in Metabolic Disorders and Complications (MeDiC), Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Mikhael Attias
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Microbiology & Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Niaz Mahmood
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Program in Metabolic Disorders and Complications (MeDiC), Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Ani Arakelian
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Program in Metabolic Disorders and Complications (MeDiC), Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Ciriaco A Piccirillo
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Microbiology & Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Program in Infectious Diseases and Immunology in Global Health, Centre for Translational Biology, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Centre of Excellence in Translational Immunology (CETI), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Moshe Szyf
- Department of Pharmacology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Shafaat Ahmed Rabbani
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Program in Metabolic Disorders and Complications (MeDiC), Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Alimohammadi R, Alibeigi R, Nikpoor AR, Chalbatani GM, Webster TJ, Jaafari MR, Jalali SA. Encapsulated Checkpoint Blocker Before Chemotherapy: The Optimal Sequence of Anti-CTLA-4 and Doxil Combination Therapy. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:5279-5288. [PMID: 32801691 PMCID: PMC7394514 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s260760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Today, a new paradigm has emerged for cancer treatment introducing combination therapies. Doxil, a liposomal doxorubicin serving as a chemotherapeutic agent, is an effective immunogenic killer of cancer cells. Anti-CTLA-4 has been approved for the treatment of some cancers, including melanoma, but side effects have limited its therapeutic potential. METHODS In this study, two approaches were utilized to increase treatment efficiency and decrease the side effects of anti-CTLA-4, combining it with chemotherapy and encapsulation in a PEGylated liposome. A different sequence of anti-CTLA-4 and Doxil was assessed in combination therapy using non-liposomal and liposomal anti-CTLA-4. RESULTS Our results showed that liposomal anti-CTLA-4 reduced the size of established tumors and increased survival in comparison with non-liposomal anti-CTLA-4 in a well-established B16 mouse melanoma model. In combination therapy with Doxil, only the administration of anti-CTLA-4 before Doxil showed synergism in both non-liposomal and liposomal form and increased the CD8+/regulatory T cell ratio. DISCUSSION In summary, our results demonstrate the potential of utilizing a nanocarrier system for the delivery of checkpoint blockers, such as anti-CTLA-4 which further showed potential in a combination therapy, especially when administered before chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Alimohammadi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Razieh Alibeigi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amin Reza Nikpoor
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | | | - Thomas J Webster
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA02115, USA
| | - Mahmoud Reza Jaafari
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Amir Jalali
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Mundry CS, Eberle KC, Singh PK, Hollingsworth MA, Mehla K. Local and systemic immunosuppression in pancreatic cancer: Targeting the stalwarts in tumor's arsenal. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2020; 1874:188387. [PMID: 32579889 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2020.188387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Late detection, compromised immune system, and chemotherapy resistance underlie the poor patient prognosis for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) patients, making it the 3rd leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States. Cooperation between the tumor cells and the immune system leads to the immune escape and eventual establishment of the tumor. For more than 20 years, sincere efforts have been made to intercept the tumor-immune crosstalk and identify the probable therapeutic targets for breaking self-tolerance toward tumor antigens. However, the success of these studies depends on detailed examination and understanding of tumor-immune cell interactions, not only in the primary tumor but also at distant systemic niches. Innate and adaptive arms of the immune system sculpt tumor immunogenicity, where they not only aid in providing an amenable environment for their survival but also act as a driver for tumor relapse at primary or distant organ sites. This review article highlights the key events associated with tumor-immune communication and associated immunosuppression at both local and systemic microenvironments in PDAC. Furthermore, we discuss the approaches and benefits of targeting both local and systemic immunosuppression for PDAC patients. The present articles integrate data from clinical and genetic mouse model studies to provide a widespread consensus on the role of local and systemic immunosuppression in undermining the anti-tumor immune responses against PDAC.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptive Immunity/drug effects
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/therapeutic use
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use
- Bone Marrow/drug effects
- Bone Marrow/immunology
- Bone Marrow/pathology
- Cancer Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/immunology
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/mortality
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/pathology
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/therapy
- Chemotherapy, Adjuvant/methods
- Clinical Trials as Topic
- Combined Modality Therapy/methods
- Disease Models, Animal
- Disease-Free Survival
- Fluorouracil/pharmacology
- Fluorouracil/therapeutic use
- Humans
- Immunity, Innate/drug effects
- Immunotherapy/methods
- Irinotecan/pharmacology
- Irinotecan/therapeutic use
- Leucovorin/pharmacology
- Leucovorin/therapeutic use
- Lymph Node Excision
- Lymph Nodes/immunology
- Lymph Nodes/pathology
- Lymph Nodes/surgery
- Mice
- Mice, Transgenic
- Neoadjuvant Therapy/methods
- Oxaliplatin/pharmacology
- Oxaliplatin/therapeutic use
- Pancreas/immunology
- Pancreas/pathology
- Pancreas/surgery
- Pancreatectomy
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/immunology
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/mortality
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/pathology
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/therapy
- Spleen/immunology
- Spleen/pathology
- Spleen/surgery
- Splenectomy
- T-Lymphocytes/drug effects
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/transplantation
- Transplantation, Autologous/methods
- Tumor Escape/drug effects
- Tumor Microenvironment/drug effects
- Tumor Microenvironment/immunology
- United States/epidemiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara S Mundry
- The Eppley Institute for Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, USA; Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, USA
| | - Kirsten C Eberle
- The Eppley Institute for Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, USA; Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, USA
| | - Pankaj K Singh
- The Eppley Institute for Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, USA; Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, USA; Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, USA; Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, USA
| | - Michael A Hollingsworth
- The Eppley Institute for Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, USA; Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, USA; Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, USA
| | - Kamiya Mehla
- The Eppley Institute for Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, USA; Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, USA.
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Chen XJ, Zhang XQ, Tang MX, Liu Q, Zhou G. Anti-PD-L1-modified and ATRA-loaded nanoparticles for immuno-treatment of oral dysplasia and oral squamous cell carcinoma. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2020; 15:951-968. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2019-0397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: To develop nanomedicines for immuno-therapy of oral dysplasia and oral squamous cell carcinoma. Materials & methods: All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA)-poly(lactide-co-glycolide acid) (PLGA)-poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) nanomedicines were fabricated by loading ATRA into PLGA-PEG nanocarriers and modification using an anti-PD-L1 antibody. Results: ATRA-PLGA-PEG-PD-L1 nanoparticles showed fast cellular uptake, significantly inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis in DOK and CAL27 cells. Moreover, in C3H tumor-bearing mice, ATRA-PLGA-PEG-PD-L1 nanoparticles more specifically targeted tumor cells, enhanced anticancer activity and reduced side effects when compared with free ATRA. Furthermore, CD8+ T cells were activated around PD-L1 positive cells in the tumor microenvironment after treatment. Conclusion: ATRA-PLGA-PEG-PD-L1 nanoparticles had low toxicity, high biocompatibility and specifically targeted oral dysplasia and squamous carcinoma cells both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Jie Chen
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, PR China
| | - Xue-Qiong Zhang
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Ming-Xiu Tang
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Gang Zhou
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, PR China
- Department of Oral Medicine, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, PR China
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40
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Modern Aspects of Immunotherapy with Checkpoint Inhibitors in Melanoma. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21072367. [PMID: 32235439 PMCID: PMC7178114 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Although melanoma is one of the most immunogenic tumors, it has an ability to evade anti-tumor immune responses by exploiting tolerance mechanisms, including negative immune checkpoint molecules. The most extensively studied checkpoints represent cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein-4 (CTLA-4) and programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1). Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI), which were broadly applied for melanoma treatment in the past decade, can unleash anti-tumor immune responses and result in melanoma regression. Patients responding to the ICI treatment showed long-lasting remission or disease control status. However, a large group of patients failed to respond to this therapy, indicating the development of resistance mechanisms. Among them are intrinsic tumor properties, the dysfunction of effector cells, and the generation of immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). This review discusses achievements of ICI treatment in melanoma, reasons for its failure, and promising approaches for overcoming the resistance. These methods include combinations of different ICI with each other, strategies for neutralizing the immunosuppressive TME and combining ICI with other anti-cancer therapies such as radiation, oncolytic viral, or targeted therapy. New therapeutic approaches targeting other immune checkpoint molecules are also discussed.
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41
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Qian X, Leonard F, Wenhao Y, Sudhoff H, Hoffmann TK, Ferrone S, Kaufmann AM, Albers AE. Immunotherapeutics for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma stem cells. HNO 2020; 68:94-99. [PMID: 31996933 DOI: 10.1007/s00106-020-00819-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stem cell (CSC)-related therapy resistance has become a new obstacle to the successful application of cancer treatment and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is no exception to this finding. Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma is highly immune-suppressive, and recently the immune suppression and invasion of HNSCC-CSCs have been characterized. These characteristics have received research and clinical attention because they would enable the stratification of patients into specific cancer subtypes and, consequently, the establishment of new therapeutic approaches with improved efficacy. This review discusses the feasibility of CSC-targeted strategies and their incorporation with nanotechnology to improve the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Qian
- Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - F Leonard
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Y Wenhao
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - H Sudhoff
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medizinische Fakultät OWL, Klinikum Bielefeld, Universität Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - T K Hoffmann
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - S Ferrone
- Department of Surgery, Massachussets General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - A M Kaufmann
- Clinic for Gynecology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - A E Albers
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.
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Abdel-Aziz AK, Saadeldin MK, D'Amico P, Orecchioni S, Bertolini F, Curigliano G, Minucci S. Preclinical models of breast cancer: Two-way shuttles for immune checkpoint inhibitors from and to patient bedside. Eur J Cancer 2019; 122:22-41. [PMID: 31606656 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2019.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The Food and Drug Administration has lately approved atezolizumab, anti-programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1), to be used together with nanoparticle albumin-bound (nab) paclitaxel in treating patients with triple negative breast cancer (BC) expressing PD-L1. Nonetheless, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are still challenged by the resistance and immune-related adverse effects evident in a considerable subset of treated patients without conclusive comprehension of the underlying molecular basis, biomarkers and tolerable therapeutic regimens capable of unleashing the anti-tumour immune responses. Stepping back to preclinical models is thus inevitable to address these inquiries. Herein, we comprehensively review diverse preclinical models of BC exploited in investigating ICIs underscoring their pros and cons as well as the learnt and awaited lessons to allow full exploitation of ICIs in BC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal Kamal Abdel-Aziz
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Mona Kamal Saadeldin
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy; Faculty of Biotechnology, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 6th October City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Paolo D'Amico
- Division of Early Drug Development for Innovative Therapies, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefania Orecchioni
- Laboratory of Hematology-Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Bertolini
- Laboratory of Hematology-Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Curigliano
- Division of Early Drug Development for Innovative Therapies, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy; Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milano, Milan, Italy.
| | - Saverio Minucci
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy; Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
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