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Zhao Y, Qin C, Lin C, Li Z, Zhao B, Li T, Zhang X, Wang W. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells reshape the immune microenvironment: Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic targets. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2024; 1879:189183. [PMID: 39303859 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2024.189183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2024] [Revised: 08/23/2024] [Accepted: 09/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a digestive system malignancy characterized by challenging early detection, limited treatment alternatives, and generally poor prognosis. Although there have been significant advancements in immunotherapy for hematological malignancies and various solid tumors in recent decades, with impressive outcomes in recent preclinical and clinical trials, the effectiveness of these therapies in treating PDAC continues to be modest. The unique immunological microenvironment of PDAC, especially the abnormal distribution, complex composition, and variable activation states of tumor-infiltrating immune cells, greatly restricts the effectiveness of immunotherapy. Undoubtedly, integrating data from both preclinical models and human studies helps accelerate the identification of reliable molecules and pathways responsive to targeted biological therapies and immunotherapies, thereby continuously optimizing therapeutic combinations. In this review, we delve deeply into how PDAC cells regulate the immune microenvironment through complex signaling networks, affecting the quantity and functional status of immune cells to promote immune escape and tumor progression. Furthermore, we explore the multi-modal immunotherapeutic strategies currently under development, emphasizing the transformation of the immunosuppressive environment into an anti-tumor milieu by targeting specific molecular and cellular pathways, providing insights for the development of novel treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutong Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100023, PR China; Key Laboratory of Research in Pancreatic Tumor, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100023, PR China; National Science and Technology Key Infrastructure on Translational Medicine in Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing 100023, PR China
| | - Cheng Qin
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100023, PR China; Key Laboratory of Research in Pancreatic Tumor, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100023, PR China; National Science and Technology Key Infrastructure on Translational Medicine in Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing 100023, PR China
| | - Chen Lin
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100023, PR China; Key Laboratory of Research in Pancreatic Tumor, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100023, PR China; National Science and Technology Key Infrastructure on Translational Medicine in Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing 100023, PR China
| | - Zeru Li
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100023, PR China; Key Laboratory of Research in Pancreatic Tumor, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100023, PR China; National Science and Technology Key Infrastructure on Translational Medicine in Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing 100023, PR China
| | - Bangbo Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100023, PR China; Key Laboratory of Research in Pancreatic Tumor, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100023, PR China; National Science and Technology Key Infrastructure on Translational Medicine in Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing 100023, PR China
| | - Tianyu Li
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100023, PR China; Key Laboratory of Research in Pancreatic Tumor, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100023, PR China; National Science and Technology Key Infrastructure on Translational Medicine in Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing 100023, PR China
| | - Xiangyu Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100023, PR China; Key Laboratory of Research in Pancreatic Tumor, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100023, PR China; National Science and Technology Key Infrastructure on Translational Medicine in Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing 100023, PR China
| | - Weibin Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100023, PR China; Key Laboratory of Research in Pancreatic Tumor, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100023, PR China; National Science and Technology Key Infrastructure on Translational Medicine in Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing 100023, PR China.
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Suzuki Y, Sato T, Sugimori M, Kanemaru Y, Onodera S, Tsuchiya H, Nakamori Y, Tsuyuki S, Ikeda A, Ikeda R, Goda Y, Kaneko H, Irie K, Sue S, Maeda S. Activation of STING in pancreatic cancer-associated fibroblasts exerts an antitumor effect by enhancing tumor immunity. Sci Rep 2024; 14:17071. [PMID: 39048609 PMCID: PMC11269671 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-68061-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has a high mortality rate; therefore, the development of effective treatments is a priority. The stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway enhances tumor immunity by inducing the production of type 1 interferon (IFN) and proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines and promoting the infiltration of cytotoxic T cells. To assess the function of STING on pancreatic tumorigenesis, Ptf1aER-Cre/+ LSL-KrasG12D/+ p53loxP/loxP mice (KPC mice) and Ptf1aER-Cre/+ LSL-KrasG12D/+ p53loxP/loxP/STING-/- mice (KPCS mice) were generated. However, STING deletion did not affect pancreatic tumorigenesis in mice. Because STING is expressed not only in immune cells but also in cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), we evaluated the STING function in PDAC CAFs. A mouse STING agonist 5,6-Dimethyl-9-oxo-9H-xanthene-4-acetic acid (DMXAA) was administered to KPC mice and CAFs from KPC mice and the resulting immune response was evaluated. DMXAA activated STING in PDAC CAFs in KPC mice, promoting cytotoxic T cell infiltration by secreting proinflammatory cytokines and enhancing tumor immunity. We next generated STING-deficient PDAC cells and subcutaneous tumors in which STING was expressed only in CAFs by performing bone marrow transplantation and assessed the antitumor effect of STING-activated CAFs. The administration of DMXAA to subcutaneous tumors expressing STING only in CAFs sustained the antitumor effect of DMXAA. About half of human PDACs lacked STING expression in the cancer stroma, suggesting that STING activation in PDAC CAFs exerts an antitumor effect, and STING agonists can be more effective in tumors with high than in those with low STING expression in the stroma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshimasa Suzuki
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9, Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Takeshi Sato
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9, Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Makoto Sugimori
- Gastroenterological Center, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yushi Kanemaru
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9, Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Sho Onodera
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9, Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Hiromi Tsuchiya
- Gastroenterological Center, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Nakamori
- Gastroenterological Center, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Sho Tsuyuki
- Gastroenterological Center, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Aya Ikeda
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9, Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Ikeda
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9, Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Goda
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9, Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kaneko
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9, Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Kuniyasu Irie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9, Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Soichiro Sue
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9, Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Shin Maeda
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9, Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan.
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Wang MM, Choi MR, Battistella C, Gattis B, Qiao B, Evangelopoulos M, Mirkin CA, Olvera de la Cruz M, Zhang B, Gianneschi NC. Proteomimetic Polymers Trigger Potent Antigen-Specific T Cell Responses to Limit Tumor Growth. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:14959-14971. [PMID: 38781575 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c05340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Elicitation of effective antitumor immunity following cancer vaccination requires the selective activation of distinct effector cell populations and pathways. Here we report a therapeutic approach for generating potent T cell responses using a modular vaccination platform technology capable of inducing directed immune activation, termed the Protein-like Polymer (PLP). PLPs demonstrate increased proteolytic resistance, high uptake by antigen-presenting cells (APCs), and enhanced payload-specific T cell responses. Key design parameters, namely payload linkage chemistry, degree of polymerization, and side chain composition, were varied to optimize vaccine formulations. Linking antigens to the polymer backbone using an intracellularly cleaved disulfide bond copolymerized with a diluent amount of oligo(ethylene glycol) (OEG) resulted in the highest payload-specific potentiation of antigen immunogenicity, enhancing dendritic cell (DC) activation and antigen-specific T cell responses. Vaccination with PLPs carrying either gp100, E7, or adpgk peptides significantly increased the survival of mice inoculated with B16F10, TC-1, or MC38 tumors, respectively, without the need for adjuvants. B16F10-bearing mice immunized with gp100-carrying PLPs showed increased antitumor CD8+ T cell immunity, suppressed tumor growth, and treatment synergy when paired with two distinct stimulator of interferon gene (STING) agonists. In a human papillomavirus-associated TC-1 model, combination therapy with PLP and 2'3'-cGAMP resulted in 40% of mice completely eliminating implanted tumors while also displaying curative protection from rechallenge, consistent with conferment of lasting immunological memory. Finally, PLPs can be stored long-term in a lyophilized state and are highly tunable, underscoring the unique properties of the platform for use as generalizable cancer vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max M Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Simpson Querrey Institute, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Mi-Ran Choi
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Medicine-Division of Hematology/Oncology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
| | - Claudia Battistella
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Simpson Querrey Institute, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Brayley Gattis
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Simpson Querrey Institute, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Baofu Qiao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Natural Sciences, Baruch College, City University of New York, New York, New York 10010, United States
| | - Michael Evangelopoulos
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Simpson Querrey Institute, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Chad A Mirkin
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Simpson Querrey Institute, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Monica Olvera de la Cruz
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Bin Zhang
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Medicine-Division of Hematology/Oncology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
| | - Nathan C Gianneschi
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Simpson Querrey Institute, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60208, United States
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Zhou Z, Huang S, Fan F, Xu Y, Moore C, Li S, Han C. The multiple faces of cGAS-STING in antitumor immunity: prospects and challenges. MEDICAL REVIEW (2021) 2024; 4:173-191. [PMID: 38919400 PMCID: PMC11195429 DOI: 10.1515/mr-2023-0061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
As a key sensor of double-stranded DNA (dsDNA), cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) detects cytosolic dsDNA and initiates the synthesis of 2'3' cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP) that activates the stimulator of interferon genes (STING). This finally promotes the production of type I interferons (IFN-I) that is crucial for bridging innate and adaptive immunity. Recent evidence show that several antitumor therapies, including radiotherapy (RT), chemotherapy, targeted therapies and immunotherapies, activate the cGAS-STING pathway to provoke the antitumor immunity. In the last decade, the development of STING agonists has been a major focus in both basic research and the pharmaceutical industry. However, up to now, none of STING agonists have been approved for clinical use. Considering the broad expression of STING in whole body and the direct lethal effect of STING agonists on immune cells in the draining lymph node (dLN), research on the optimal way to activate STING in tumor microenvironment (TME) appears to be a promising direction. Moreover, besides enhancing IFN-I signaling, the cGAS-STING pathway also plays roles in senescence, autophagy, apoptosis, mitotic arrest, and DNA repair, contributing to tumor development and metastasis. In this review, we summarize the recent advances on cGAS-STING pathway's response to antitumor therapies and the strategies involving this pathway for tumor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheqi Zhou
- Peking University International Cancer Institute, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Sanling Huang
- Peking University International Cancer Institute, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Fangying Fan
- Department of Interventional Ultrasound, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Peking University International Cancer Institute, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Casey Moore
- Departments of Immunology, Pathology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Sirui Li
- Department of Genetics, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Chuanhui Han
- Peking University International Cancer Institute, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
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Huang KCY, Chen WTL, Chen JY, Lee CY, Wu CH, Lai CY, Yang PC, Liang JA, Shiau AC, Chao KSC, Ke TW. Neoantigen-augmented iPSC cancer vaccine combined with radiotherapy promotes antitumor immunity in poorly immunogenic cancers. NPJ Vaccines 2024; 9:95. [PMID: 38821980 PMCID: PMC11143272 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-024-00881-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Although irradiated induced-pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) as a prophylactic cancer vaccine elicit an antitumor immune response, the therapeutic efficacy of iPSC-based cancer vaccines is not promising due to their insufficient antigenicity and the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Here, we found that neoantigen-engineered iPSC cancer vaccines can trigger neoantigen-specific T cell responses to eradicate cancer cells and increase the therapeutic efficacy of RT in poorly immunogenic colorectal cancer (CRC) and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). We generated neoantigen-augmented iPSCs (NA-iPSCs) by engineering AAV2 vector carrying murine neoantigens and evaluated their therapeutic efficacy in combination with radiotherapy. After administration of NA-iPSC cancer vaccine and radiotherapy, we found that ~60% of tumor-bearing mice achieved a complete response in microsatellite-stable CRC model. Furthermore, splenocytes from mice treated with NA-iPSC plus RT produced high levels of IFNγ secretion in response to neoantigens and had a greater cytotoxicity to cancer cells, suggesting that the NA-iPSC vaccine combined with radiotherapy elicited a superior neoantigen-specific T-cell response to eradicate cancer cells. The superior therapeutic efficacy of NA-iPSCs engineered by mouse TNBC neoantigens was also observed in the syngeneic immunocompetent TNBC mouse model. We found that the risk of spontaneous lung and liver metastasis was dramatically decreased by NA-iPSCs plus RT in the TNBC animal model. Altogether, these results indicated that autologous iPSC cancer vaccines engineered by neoantigens can elicit a high neoantigen-specific T-cell response, promote tumor regression, and reduce the risk of distant metastasis in combination with local radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Chih-Yang Huang
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Science, China Medical University, Taichung, 406040, Taiwan, ROC.
- Translation Research Core, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, 404327, Taiwan, ROC.
- Cancer Biology and Precision Therapeutics Center, China Medical University, Taichung, 406040, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - William Tzu-Liang Chen
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 406040, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, China Medical University HsinChu Hospital, China Medical University, HsinChu, 302, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, 404327, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Jia-Yi Chen
- Proton Therapy and Science Center, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, 404327, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chien-Yueh Lee
- Innovation Frontier Institute of Research for Science and Technology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, 106344, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, 106344, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, China Medical University, Taichung, 406040, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chia-Hsin Wu
- Proton Therapy and Science Center, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, 404327, Taiwan, ROC
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Core, Centers of Genomic and Precision Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10055, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chia-Ying Lai
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Science, China Medical University, Taichung, 406040, Taiwan, ROC
- Proton Therapy and Science Center, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, 404327, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Pei-Chen Yang
- Proton Therapy and Science Center, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, 404327, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ji-An Liang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, 404327, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Radiotherapy, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 406040, Taiwan, ROC
| | - An-Cheng Shiau
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Science, China Medical University, Taichung, 406040, Taiwan, ROC
- Proton Therapy and Science Center, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, 404327, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Radiation Oncology, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, 404327, Taiwan, ROC
| | - K S Clifford Chao
- Proton Therapy and Science Center, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, 404327, Taiwan, ROC.
- Department of Radiation Oncology, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, 404327, Taiwan, ROC.
- Department of Radiotherapy, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 406040, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Tao-Wei Ke
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, 404327, Taiwan, ROC.
- School of Chinese Medicine and Graduate Institute of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 406040, Taiwan, ROC.
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Qian W, Ye J, Xia S. DNA sensing of dendritic cells in cancer immunotherapy. Front Mol Biosci 2024; 11:1391046. [PMID: 38841190 PMCID: PMC11150630 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2024.1391046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are involved in the initiation and maintenance of immune responses against malignant cells by recognizing conserved pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) through pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). According to recent studies, tumor cell-derived DNA molecules act as DAMPs and are recognized by DNA sensors in DCs. Once identified by sensors in DCs, these DNA molecules trigger multiple signaling cascades to promote various cytokines secretion, including type I IFN, and then to induce DCs mediated antitumor immunity. As one of the potential attractive strategies for cancer therapy, various agonists targeting DNA sensors are extensively explored including the combination with other cancer immunotherapies or the direct usage as major components of cancer vaccines. Moreover, this review highlights different mechanisms through which tumor-derived DNA initiates DCs activation and the mechanisms through which the tumor microenvironment regulates DNA sensing of DCs to promote tumor immune escape. The contributions of chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and checkpoint inhibitors in tumor therapy to the DNA sensing of DCs are also discussed. Finally, recent clinical progress in tumor therapy utilizing agonist-targeted DNA sensors is summarized. Indeed, understanding more about DNA sensing in DCs will help to understand more about tumor immunotherapy and improve the efficacy of DC-targeted treatment in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Qian
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun Ye
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
- The Center for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Taizhou People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Sheng Xia
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
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Sun W, Xie S, Liu SF, Hu X, Xing D. Evolving Tumor Characteristics and Smart Nanodrugs for Tumor Immunotherapy. Int J Nanomedicine 2024; 19:3919-3942. [PMID: 38708176 PMCID: PMC11070166 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s453265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Typical physiological characteristics of tumors, such as weak acidity, low oxygen content, and upregulation of certain enzymes in the tumor microenvironment (TME), provide survival advantages when exposed to targeted attacks by drugs and responsive nanomedicines. Consequently, cancer treatment has significantly progressed in recent years. However, the evolution and adaptation of tumor characteristics still pose many challenges for current treatment methods. Therefore, efficient and precise cancer treatments require an understanding of the heterogeneity degree of various factors in cancer cells during tumor evolution to exploit the typical TME characteristics and manage the mutation process. The highly heterogeneous tumor and infiltrating stromal cells, immune cells, and extracellular components collectively form a unique TME, which plays a crucial role in tumor malignancy, including proliferation, invasion, metastasis, and immune escape. Therefore, the development of new treatment methods that can adapt to the evolutionary characteristics of tumors has become an intense focus in current cancer treatment research. This paper explores the latest understanding of cancer evolution, focusing on how tumors use new antigens to shape their "new faces"; how immune system cells, such as cytotoxic T cells, regulatory T cells, macrophages, and natural killer cells, help tumors become "invisible", that is, immune escape; whether the diverse cancer-associated fibroblasts provide support and coordination for tumors; and whether it is possible to attack tumors in reverse. This paper discusses the limitations of targeted therapy driven by tumor evolution factors and explores future strategies and the potential of intelligent nanomedicines, including the systematic coordination of tumor evolution factors and adaptive methods, to meet this therapeutic challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenshe Sun
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, People’s Republic of China
- Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, People’s Republic of China
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250117, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shaowei Xie
- Department of Ultrasound, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shi Feng Liu
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaokun Hu
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dongming Xing
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, People’s Republic of China
- Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, People’s Republic of China
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8
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Chen Y, Yu D, Qian H, Shi Y, Tao Z. CD8 + T cell-based cancer immunotherapy. J Transl Med 2024; 22:394. [PMID: 38685033 PMCID: PMC11057112 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05134-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The immune system in humans is a defense department against both exogenous and endogenous hazards, where CD8+ T cells play a crucial role in opposing pathological threats. Various immunotherapies based on CD8+ T cells have emerged in recent decades, showing their promising results in treating intractable diseases. However, in the fight against the constantly changing and evolving cancers, the formation and function of CD8+ T cells can be challenged by tumors that might train a group of accomplices to resist the T cell killing. As cancer therapy stepped into the era of immunotherapy, understanding the physiological role of CD8+ T cells, studying the machinery of tumor immune escape, and thereby formulating different therapeutic strategies become the imperative missions for clinical and translational researchers to fulfill. After brief basics of CD8+ T cell-based biology is covered, this review delineates the mechanisms of tumor immune escape and discusses different cancer immunotherapy regimens with their own advantages and setbacks, embracing challenges and perspectives in near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxia Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China
| | - Dingning Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, 312000, China
| | - Hui Qian
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China
- Zhenjiang Key Laboratory of High Technology Research on Exosomes Foundation and Transformation Application, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China
| | - Yinghong Shi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China.
- Zhenjiang Key Laboratory of High Technology Research on Exosomes Foundation and Transformation Application, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China.
| | - Zhimin Tao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China.
- Zhenjiang Key Laboratory of High Technology Research on Exosomes Foundation and Transformation Application, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China.
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212001, China.
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9
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Li Q, Wu P, Du Q, Hanif U, Hu H, Li K. cGAS-STING, an important signaling pathway in diseases and their therapy. MedComm (Beijing) 2024; 5:e511. [PMID: 38525112 PMCID: PMC10960729 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Since cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate synthase (cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes (STING) signaling pathway was discovered in 2013, great progress has been made to elucidate the origin, function, and regulating mechanism of cGAS-STING signaling pathway in the past decade. Meanwhile, the triggering and transduction mechanisms have been continuously illuminated. cGAS-STING plays a key role in human diseases, particularly DNA-triggered inflammatory diseases, making it a potentially effective therapeutic target for inflammation-related diseases. Here, we aim to summarize the ancient origin of the cGAS-STING defense mechanism, as well as the triggers, transduction, and regulating mechanisms of the cGAS-STING. We will also focus on the important roles of cGAS-STING signal under pathological conditions, such as infections, cancers, autoimmune diseases, neurological diseases, and visceral inflammations, and review the progress in drug development targeting cGAS-STING signaling pathway. The main directions and potential obstacles in the regulating mechanism research and therapeutic drug development of the cGAS-STING signaling pathway for inflammatory diseases and cancers will be discussed. These research advancements expand our understanding of cGAS-STING, provide a theoretical basis for further exploration of the roles of cGAS-STING in diseases, and open up new strategies for targeting cGAS-STING as a promising therapeutic intervention in multiple diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qijie Li
- Sichuan province Medical and Engineering Interdisciplinary Research Center of Nursing & Materials/Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceWest China Hospital, Sichuan University/West China School of NursingSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Ping Wu
- Department of Occupational DiseasesThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College (China National Nuclear Corporation 416 Hospital)ChengduSichuanChina
| | - Qiujing Du
- Sichuan province Medical and Engineering Interdisciplinary Research Center of Nursing & Materials/Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceWest China Hospital, Sichuan University/West China School of NursingSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Ullah Hanif
- Sichuan province Medical and Engineering Interdisciplinary Research Center of Nursing & Materials/Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceWest China Hospital, Sichuan University/West China School of NursingSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Hongbo Hu
- Center for Immunology and HematologyState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Ka Li
- Sichuan province Medical and Engineering Interdisciplinary Research Center of Nursing & Materials/Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceWest China Hospital, Sichuan University/West China School of NursingSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
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10
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Ouyang P, Wang L, Wu J, Tian Y, Chen C, Li D, Yao Z, Chen R, Xiang G, Gong J, Bao Z. Overcoming cold tumors: a combination strategy of immune checkpoint inhibitors. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1344272. [PMID: 38545114 PMCID: PMC10965539 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1344272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors (ICIs) therapy has advanced significantly in treating malignant tumors, though most 'cold' tumors show no response. This resistance mainly arises from the varied immune evasion mechanisms. Hence, understanding the transformation from 'cold' to 'hot' tumors is essential in developing effective cancer treatments. Furthermore, tumor immune profiling is critical, requiring a range of diagnostic techniques and biomarkers for evaluation. The success of immunotherapy relies on T cells' ability to recognize and eliminate tumor cells. In 'cold' tumors, the absence of T cell infiltration leads to the ineffectiveness of ICI therapy. Addressing these challenges, especially the impairment in T cell activation and homing, is crucial to enhance ICI therapy's efficacy. Concurrently, strategies to convert 'cold' tumors into 'hot' ones, including boosting T cell infiltration and adoptive therapies such as T cell-recruiting bispecific antibodies and Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T cells, are under extensive exploration. Thus, identifying key factors that impact tumor T cell infiltration is vital for creating effective treatments targeting 'cold' tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Ouyang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lijuan Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianlong Wu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yao Tian
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Caiyun Chen
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Dengsheng Li
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zengxi Yao
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ruichang Chen
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Guoan Xiang
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jin Gong
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhen Bao
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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11
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Li X, Li J, Liu Y, Sun L, Tai Q, Gao S, Jiang W. Inhibition of KDM5B participates in immune microenvironment remodeling in pancreatic cancer by inducing STING expression. Cytokine 2024; 175:156451. [PMID: 38163400 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2023.156451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to investigate the effect of lysine demethylase 5B (KDM5B)-mediated dimethyl-lysine 4 histone H3 (H3K4me2) demethylation on immune microenvironment remodeling in pancreatic cancer. METHODS Pan 02 mouse pancreatic cancer cell lines were cultured and used to establish tumor model in vivo. RT-qPCR and Western blot were used to detect the expression of stimulator of interferon gene (STING) and KDM5B in pancreatic cancer tissues and Pan 02 cells. The specific demethylation domain of KDM5B was detected by isothermal titration calorimetry binding assay. The regulatory roles of KDM5B in cell apoptosis and remodeling of immune microenvironment in vitro and in vivo were explored after loss-of functions in KDM5B. RESULTS KDM5B was highly expressed but STING was poorly expressed in pancreatic cancer tissues and Pan 02 cells. After knockdown of KDM5B, CD8+ T cells recognized and killed Pan 02 cells, which promoted the infiltration of CD8+ T cells in Pan 02 cells, thus improving the anti-tumor ability. The PHD domain in KDM5B specifically bound to H3K4me2 peptide and inhibition of KDM5B induced STING expression. Knockdown of KDM5B up-regulated STING expression to promote apoptosis, thus regulating the immune microenvironment and inhibiting the growth of tumor in mice. Meanwhile, knockdown of KDM5B and STING simultaneously counteracted the knockdown effect of KDM5B. CONCLUSION Inhibition of KDM5B can promote the expression of STING through H3K4me2 demethylation, which promoted the recognition and killing of Pan 02 cells by CD8+ T cells, thus improving the anti-tumor ability and regulating the immune microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuesong Li
- The Second Department of Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, PR China.
| | - Jiazhuang Li
- The Second Department of Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, PR China
| | - Ying Liu
- The Second Department of Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, PR China
| | - Li Sun
- The Second Department of Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, PR China
| | - Qingyang Tai
- The Second Department of Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, PR China
| | - Shoubao Gao
- The Second Department of Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, PR China
| | - Weiwei Jiang
- The Second Department of Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, PR China
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12
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He W, Mu X, Wu X, Liu Y, Deng J, Liu Y, Han F, Nie X. The cGAS-STING pathway: a therapeutic target in diabetes and its complications. BURNS & TRAUMA 2024; 12:tkad050. [PMID: 38312740 PMCID: PMC10838060 DOI: 10.1093/burnst/tkad050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Diabetic wound healing (DWH) represents a major complication of diabetes where inflammation is a key impediment to proper healing. The cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes (STING) signaling pathway has emerged as a central mediator of inflammatory responses to cell stress and damage. However, the contribution of cGAS-STING activation to impaired healing in DWH remains understudied. In this review, we examine the evidence that cGAS-STING-driven inflammation is a critical factor underlying defective DWH. We summarize studies revealing upregulation of the cGAS-STING pathway in diabetic wounds and discuss how this exacerbates inflammation and senescence and disrupts cellular metabolism to block healing. Partial pharmaceutical inhibition of cGAS-STING has shown promise in damping inflammation and improving DWH in preclinical models. We highlight key knowledge gaps regarding cGAS-STING in DWH, including its relationships with endoplasmic reticulum stress and metal-ion signaling. Elucidating these mechanisms may unveil new therapeutic targets within the cGAS-STING pathway to improve healing outcomes in DWH. This review synthesizes current understanding of how cGAS-STING activation contributes to DWH pathology and proposes future research directions to exploit modulation of this pathway for therapeutic benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie He
- Key Lab of the Basic Pharmacology of the Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, No. 6 Xuefu West Road, Xinpu New District, Zunyi 563006, China
- College of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, No. 6 Xuefu West Road, Xinpu New District, Zunyi 563006, China
| | - Xingrui Mu
- Key Lab of the Basic Pharmacology of the Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, No. 6 Xuefu West Road, Xinpu New District, Zunyi 563006, China
- College of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, No. 6 Xuefu West Road, Xinpu New District, Zunyi 563006, China
| | - Xingqian Wu
- Key Lab of the Basic Pharmacology of the Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, No. 6 Xuefu West Road, Xinpu New District, Zunyi 563006, China
- College of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, No. 6 Xuefu West Road, Xinpu New District, Zunyi 563006, China
| | - Ye Liu
- Key Lab of the Basic Pharmacology of the Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, No. 6 Xuefu West Road, Xinpu New District, Zunyi 563006, China
- College of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, No. 6 Xuefu West Road, Xinpu New District, Zunyi 563006, China
| | - Junyu Deng
- Key Lab of the Basic Pharmacology of the Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, No. 6 Xuefu West Road, Xinpu New District, Zunyi 563006, China
- College of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, No. 6 Xuefu West Road, Xinpu New District, Zunyi 563006, China
| | - Yiqiu Liu
- Key Lab of the Basic Pharmacology of the Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, No. 6 Xuefu West Road, Xinpu New District, Zunyi 563006, China
- College of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, No. 6 Xuefu West Road, Xinpu New District, Zunyi 563006, China
| | - Felicity Han
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Xuqiang Nie
- Key Lab of the Basic Pharmacology of the Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, No. 6 Xuefu West Road, Xinpu New District, Zunyi 563006, China
- College of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, No. 6 Xuefu West Road, Xinpu New District, Zunyi 563006, China
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, No. 6 Xuefu West Road, Xinpu New District, Zunyi 563006, China
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13
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Ponomarev AV, Shubina IZ, Sokolova ZA, Baryshnikova MA, Kosorukov VS. Transplantable Murine Tumors in the Studies of Peptide Antitumor Vaccines. Oncol Rev 2024; 17:12189. [PMID: 38260723 PMCID: PMC10800450 DOI: 10.3389/or.2023.12189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have shown that antitumor vaccines based on synthetic peptides are safe and can induce both CD8+ and CD4+ tumor-specific T cell responses. However, clinical results are still scarce, and such approach to antitumor treatment has not gained a wide implication, yet. Recently, particular advances have been achieved due to tumor sequencing and the search for immunogenic neoantigens caused by mutations. One of the most important issues for peptide vaccines, along with the choice of optimal adjuvants and vaccination regimens, is the search for effective target antigens. Extensive studies of peptide vaccines, including those on murine models, are required to reveal the effective vaccine constructs. The review presents transplantable murine tumors with the detected peptides that showed antitumor efficacy as a vaccine compound.
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14
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Huff AL, Longway G, Mitchell JT, Andaloori L, Davis-Marcisak E, Chen F, Lyman MR, Wang R, Mathew J, Barrett B, Rahman S, Leatherman J, Yarchoan M, Azad NS, Yegnasubramanian S, Kagohara LT, Fertig EJ, Jaffee EM, Armstrong TD, Zaidi N. CD4 T cell-activating neoantigens enhance personalized cancer vaccine efficacy. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e174027. [PMID: 38063199 PMCID: PMC10795827 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.174027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Personalized cancer vaccines aim to activate and expand cytotoxic antitumor CD8+ T cells to recognize and kill tumor cells. However, the role of CD4+ T cell activation in the clinical benefit of these vaccines is not well defined. We previously established a personalized neoantigen vaccine (PancVAX) for the pancreatic cancer cell line Panc02, which activates tumor-specific CD8+ T cells but required combinatorial checkpoint modulators to achieve therapeutic efficacy. To determine the effects of neoantigen-specific CD4+ T cell activation, we generated a vaccine (PancVAX2) targeting both major histocompatibility complex class I- (MHCI-) and MHCII-specific neoantigens. Tumor-bearing mice vaccinated with PancVAX2 had significantly improved control of tumor growth and long-term survival benefit without concurrent administration of checkpoint inhibitors. PancVAX2 significantly enhanced priming and recruitment of neoantigen-specific CD8+ T cells into the tumor with lower PD-1 expression after reactivation compared with the CD8+ vaccine alone. Vaccine-induced neoantigen-specific Th1 CD4+ T cells in the tumor were associated with decreased Tregs. Consistent with this, PancVAX2 was associated with more proimmune myeloid-derived suppressor cells and M1-like macrophages in the tumor, demonstrating a less immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. This study demonstrates the biological importance of prioritizing and including CD4+ T cell-specific neoantigens for personalized cancer vaccine modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L. Huff
- Johns Hopkins Convergence Institute and
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Kimmel Institute for Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Gabriella Longway
- Johns Hopkins Convergence Institute and
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Kimmel Institute for Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jacob T. Mitchell
- Johns Hopkins Convergence Institute and
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Kimmel Institute for Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Lalitya Andaloori
- Johns Hopkins Convergence Institute and
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Kimmel Institute for Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Emily Davis-Marcisak
- Johns Hopkins Convergence Institute and
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Kimmel Institute for Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Fangluo Chen
- Johns Hopkins Convergence Institute and
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Kimmel Institute for Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Melissa R. Lyman
- Johns Hopkins Convergence Institute and
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Kimmel Institute for Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Rulin Wang
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jocelyn Mathew
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Kimmel Institute for Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Benjamin Barrett
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Kimmel Institute for Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Sabahat Rahman
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Kimmel Institute for Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - James Leatherman
- Johns Hopkins Convergence Institute and
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Kimmel Institute for Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Mark Yarchoan
- Johns Hopkins Convergence Institute and
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Kimmel Institute for Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Nilofer S. Azad
- Johns Hopkins Convergence Institute and
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Kimmel Institute for Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Srinivasan Yegnasubramanian
- Johns Hopkins Convergence Institute and
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Kimmel Institute for Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- inHealth Precision Medicine Program
| | - Luciane T. Kagohara
- Johns Hopkins Convergence Institute and
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Kimmel Institute for Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, and
| | - Elana J. Fertig
- Johns Hopkins Convergence Institute and
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Kimmel Institute for Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, and
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Elizabeth M. Jaffee
- Johns Hopkins Convergence Institute and
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Kimmel Institute for Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Todd D. Armstrong
- Johns Hopkins Convergence Institute and
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Kimmel Institute for Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Neeha Zaidi
- Johns Hopkins Convergence Institute and
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Kimmel Institute for Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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15
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Jayaraman S, Montagne JM, Nirschl TR, Marcisak E, Johnson J, Huff A, Hsiao MH, Nauroth J, Heumann T, Zarif JC, Jaffee EM, Azad N, Fertig EJ, Zaidi N, Larman HB. Barcoding intracellular reverse transcription enables high-throughput phenotype-coupled T cell receptor analyses. CELL REPORTS METHODS 2023; 3:100600. [PMID: 37776855 PMCID: PMC10626196 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmeth.2023.100600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
Assays linking cellular phenotypes with T cell or B cell antigen receptor sequences are crucial for characterizing adaptive immune responses. Existing methodologies are limited by low sample throughput and high cost. Here, we present INtraCEllular Reverse Transcription with Sorting and sequencing (INCERTS), an approach that combines molecular indexing of receptor repertoires within intact cells and fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). We demonstrate that INCERTS enables efficient processing of millions of cells from pooled human peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) samples while retaining robust association between T cell receptor (TCR) sequences and cellular phenotypes. We used INCERTS to discover antigen-specific TCRs from patients with cancer immunized with a novel mutant KRAS peptide vaccine. After ex vivo stimulation, 28 uniquely barcoded samples were pooled prior to FACS into peptide-reactive and non-reactive CD4+ and CD8+ populations. Combining complementary patient-matched single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data enabled retrieval of full-length, paired TCR alpha and beta chain sequences for future validation of therapeutic utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahana Jayaraman
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Janelle M Montagne
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Convergence Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Bloomberg Kimmel Immunology Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Division of Quantitative Sciences, Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Thomas R Nirschl
- Pathobiology Graduate Program, Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Bloomberg∼Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins Medicine Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Emily Marcisak
- Convergence Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jeanette Johnson
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Immunology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Amanda Huff
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Convergence Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Bloomberg Kimmel Immunology Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Meng-Hsuan Hsiao
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Julie Nauroth
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Thatcher Heumann
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Division of Hematology Oncology, Vanderbilt-Ingram Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jelani C Zarif
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Bloomberg∼Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins Medicine Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Jaffee
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Convergence Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Bloomberg Kimmel Immunology Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Nilo Azad
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Convergence Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Bloomberg Kimmel Immunology Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Elana J Fertig
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Convergence Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Division of Quantitative Sciences, Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Neeha Zaidi
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Convergence Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Bloomberg Kimmel Immunology Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - H Benjamin Larman
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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16
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Gao H, Yin J, Guan X, Zhang S, Peng S, Liu X, Xing F. CMTM6 as a potential therapy target is associated with immunological tumor microenvironment and can promote migration and invasion in pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Funct Integr Genomics 2023; 23:306. [PMID: 37726578 PMCID: PMC10509136 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-023-01235-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
CMTM6 has been connected to the development of several malignancies. However, it is still unknown what function CMTM6 serves in pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD). We obtained RNA sequencing information of PAAD from public datasets and predicted statistical significance of CMTM6 survival in accordance with Kaplan-Meier curves. Gene set enrichment assessment (GSEA) was employed to analyze changes in pathways. Then, we systematically investigated the association involving CMTM6 and the immunological traits within the tumor microenvironment (TME) of PAAD, including immune pathways, immunomodulators, immune infiltrating cells, inflammatory activities, and immunotherapy response prediction. To demonstrate the biologically malignant properties of CMTM6 expression, the Cell Counting Kit-8, transwell experiments, colony formation, and wound healing were utilized. Upregulated CMTM6 expression was revealed within PAAD tissues, which was associated with more frequent somatic mutations and worse survival outcomes. Specifically, CMTM6 expression represented stronger immune infiltration, inflammatory activity, and better immunotherapeutic response in TME. Functional studies revealed that CMTM6 promoted the ability to proliferate, migrate, and invade. Additionally, CMTM6 and PD-L1 had a positive relationship, and CMTM6 can co-immunocoprecipitate with PD-L1 protein in pancreatic cell lines. CMTM6 overexpression shapes the inflammatory TME with a strong immune response. These findings support that CMTM6 is an immunotherapeutic target with promising effect to treat PAAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongli Gao
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Jianqiao Yin
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Xin Guan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Songlin Peng
- Department of General Surgery, the Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Xun Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Fei Xing
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China.
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17
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Ma Y, Xing Y, Li H, Yuan T, Liang B, Li R, Li J, Li Z, Li S, Niu L. Irreversible electroporation combined with chemotherapy and PD-1/PD-L1 blockade enhanced antitumor immunity for locally advanced pancreatic cancer. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1193040. [PMID: 37691923 PMCID: PMC10485610 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1193040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Irreversible electroporation (IRE) is a novel local tumor ablation approach with the potential to stimulate an antitumor immune response. However, it is not effective in preventing distant metastasis in isolation. This study aimed to compare the potential of augmenting the antitumor immune response in patients with locally advanced pancreatic cancer (LAPC) who underwent IRE combined with chemotherapy and PD-1/PD-L1 blockade with those who underwent IRE combined with chemotherapy. Methods A retrospective review was conducted on LAPC patients treated either with IRE in combination with chemotherapy and PD-1/PD-L1 blockade (group A) or with IRE with chemotherapy alone (group B) from July 2015 to June 2021. The primary outcomes were overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS), with immune responses and adverse events serving as secondary endpoints. Risk factors for OS and PFS were identified using univariate and multivariate analyses. Results A total of 103 patients were included in the final analysis, comprising 25 in group A and 78 in group B. The median duration of follow-up was 18.2 months (3.0-38.6 months). Group A patients demonstrated improved survival compared to group B (median OS: 23.6 vs. 19.4 months, p = 0.001; median PFS: 18.2 vs. 14.7 months, p = 0.022). The data suggest a robust immune response in group A, while adverse events related to the treatment were similar in both groups. The multivariate analysis identified the combination of IRE, chemotherapy, and PD-1/PD-L1 blockade as an independent prognostic factor for OS and PFS. Conclusion The addition of PD-1/PD-L1 blockade to the regimen of IRE combined with chemotherapy enhanced antitumor immunity and extended survival in LAPC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Ma
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Fuda Cancer Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanli Xing
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Fuda Cancer Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongmei Li
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Fuda Cancer Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ting Yuan
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Fuda Cancer Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bing Liang
- Department of Surgery and Anesthesia, Affiliated Fuda Cancer Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rongrong Li
- Department of Ultrasound, Affiliated Fuda Cancer Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianyu Li
- Department of Surgery and Anesthesia, Affiliated Fuda Cancer Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhonghai Li
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Fuda Cancer Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuying Li
- Department of Surgery and Anesthesia, Affiliated Fuda Cancer Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lizhi Niu
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Fuda Cancer Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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18
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Diao L, Liu M. Rethinking Antigen Source: Cancer Vaccines Based on Whole Tumor Cell/tissue Lysate or Whole Tumor Cell. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2300121. [PMID: 37254712 PMCID: PMC10401146 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202300121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapies have improved human health, and one among the important technologies for cancer immunotherapy is cancer vaccine. Antigens are the most important components in cancer vaccines. Generally, antigens in cancer vaccines can be divided into two categories: pre-defined antigens and unidentified antigens. Although, cancer vaccines loaded with predefined antigens are commonly used, cancer vaccine loaded with mixed unidentified antigens, especially whole cancer cells or cancer cell lysates, is a very promising approach, and such vaccine can obviate some limitations in cancer vaccines. Their advantages include, but are not limited to, the inclusion of pan-spectra (all or most kinds of) antigens, inducing pan-clones specific T cells, and overcoming the heterogeneity of cancer cells. In this review, the recent advances in cancer vaccines based on whole-tumor antigens, either based on whole cancer cells or whole cancer cell lysates, are summarized. In terms of whole cancer cell lysates, the focus is on applying whole water-soluble cell lysates as antigens. Recently, utilizing the whole cancer cell lysates as antigens in cancer vaccines has become feasible. Considering that pre-determined antigen-based cancer vaccines (mainly peptide-based or mRNA-based) have various limitations, developing cancer vaccines based on whole-tumor antigens is a promising alternative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Diao
- Department of PharmaceuticsCollege of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University199 of Ren ai RoadSuzhouJiangsu215123P. R. China
- Kunshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese MedicineKunshanJiangsu215300P. R. China
- Suzhou Ersheng Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd.Suzhou215123P. R. China
| | - Mi Liu
- Department of PharmaceuticsCollege of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University199 of Ren ai RoadSuzhouJiangsu215123P. R. China
- Kunshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese MedicineKunshanJiangsu215300P. R. China
- Suzhou Ersheng Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd.Suzhou215123P. R. China
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19
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Ren H, Jia W, Xie Y, Yu M, Chen Y. Adjuvant physiochemistry and advanced nanotechnology for vaccine development. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:5172-5254. [PMID: 37462107 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00848c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Vaccines comprising innovative adjuvants are rapidly reaching advanced translational stages, such as the authorized nanotechnology adjuvants in mRNA vaccines against COVID-19 worldwide, offering new strategies to effectively combat diseases threatening human health. Adjuvants are vital ingredients in vaccines, which can augment the degree, extensiveness, and longevity of antigen specific immune response. The advances in the modulation of physicochemical properties of nanoplatforms elevate the capability of adjuvants in initiating the innate immune system and adaptive immunity, offering immense potential for developing vaccines against hard-to-target infectious diseases and cancer. In this review, we provide an essential introduction of the basic principles of prophylactic and therapeutic vaccination, key roles of adjuvants in augmenting and shaping immunity to achieve desired outcomes and effectiveness, and the physiochemical properties and action mechanisms of clinically approved adjuvants for humans. We particularly focus on the preclinical and clinical progress of highly immunogenic emerging nanotechnology adjuvants formulated in vaccines for cancer treatment or infectious disease prevention. We deliberate on how the immune system can sense and respond to the physicochemical cues (e.g., chirality, deformability, solubility, topology, and chemical structures) of nanotechnology adjuvants incorporated in the vaccines. Finally, we propose possible strategies to accelerate the clinical implementation of nanotechnology adjuvanted vaccines, such as in-depth elucidation of nano-immuno interactions, antigen identification and optimization by the deployment of high-dimensional multiomics analysis approaches, encouraging close collaborations among scientists from different scientific disciplines and aggressive exploration of novel nanotechnologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongze Ren
- Materdicine Lab, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China.
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
| | - Wencong Jia
- Materdicine Lab, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China.
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
| | - Yujie Xie
- Materdicine Lab, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China.
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
| | - Meihua Yu
- Materdicine Lab, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China.
| | - Yu Chen
- Materdicine Lab, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China.
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
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20
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O'Meara CH, Jafri Z, Khachigian LM. Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors, Small-Molecule Immunotherapies and the Emerging Role of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in Therapeutic Strategies for Head and Neck Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11695. [PMID: 37511453 PMCID: PMC10380483 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy has revolutionized the treatment of many cancer types, including head and neck cancers (HNC). When checkpoint and partner proteins bind, these send an "off" signal to T cells, which prevents the immune system from destroying tumor cells. However, in HNC, and indeed many other cancers, more people do not respond and/or suffer from toxic effects than those who do respond. Hence, newer, more effective approaches are needed. The challenge to durable therapy lies in a deeper understanding of the complex interactions between immune cells, tumor cells and the tumor microenvironment. This will help develop therapies that promote lasting tumorlysis by overcoming T-cell exhaustion. Here we explore the strengths and limitations of current ICI therapy in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). We also review emerging small-molecule immunotherapies and the growing promise of neutrophil extracellular traps in controlling tumor progression and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connor H O'Meara
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia
| | - Zuhayr Jafri
- Vascular Biology and Translational Research, School of Biomedical Sciences, UNSW Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Levon M Khachigian
- Vascular Biology and Translational Research, School of Biomedical Sciences, UNSW Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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21
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Redmond WL. Challenges and opportunities in the development of combination immunotherapy with OX40 agonists. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2023; 23:901-912. [PMID: 37587644 PMCID: PMC10530613 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2023.2249396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Costimulatory members of the tumor necrosis factor receptor family, such as OX40 (CD134), provide essential survival and differentiation signals that enhance T cell function. Specifically, OX40 (CD134) agonists stimulate potent anti-tumor immunity in a variety of preclinical models but their therapeutic impact in patients with advanced malignancies has been limited thus far. AREAS COVERED In this review, we discuss the current state of combination immunotherapy with OX40 agonists including preclinical studies and recent clinical trials. We also discuss the strengths and limitations of these approaches and provide insight into alternatives that may help enhance the efficacy of combination OX40 agonist immunotherapy. EXPERT OPINION OX40 agonist immunotherapy has not yet demonstrated significant clinical activity as a monotherapy or in combination with immune checkpoint blockade (ICB), likely due to several factors including the timing of administration, drug potency, and selection of agents for combination therapy clinical trials. We believe that careful consideration of the biological mechanisms regulating OX40 expression and function may help inform new approaches, particularly in combination with novel agents, capable of increasing the therapeutic efficacy of this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- William L Redmond
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Providence Cancer Institute, 4805 NE Glisan St., 2N35, Portland, OR, 97213
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22
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Foster JB, Alonso MM, Sayour E, Davidson TB, Persson ML, Dun MD, Kline C, Mueller S, Vitanza NA, van der Lugt J. Translational considerations for immunotherapy clinical trials in pediatric neuro-oncology. Neoplasia 2023; 42:100909. [PMID: 37244226 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2023.100909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
While immunotherapy for pediatric cancer has made great strides in recent decades, including the FDA approval of agents such as dinutuximab and tisgenlecleucel, these successes have rarely impacted children with pediatric central nervous system (CNS) tumors. As our understanding of the biological underpinnings of these tumors evolves, new immunotherapeutics are undergoing rapid clinical translation specifically designed for children with CNS tumors. Most recently, there have been notable clinical successes with oncolytic viruses, vaccines, adoptive cellular therapy, and immune checkpoint inhibition. In this article, the immunotherapy working group of the Pacific Pediatric Neuro-Oncology Consortium (PNOC) reviews the current and future state of immunotherapeutic CNS clinical trials with a focus on clinical trial development. Based on recent therapeutic trials, we discuss unique immunotherapy clinical trial challenges, including toxicity considerations, disease assessment, and correlative studies. Combinatorial strategies and future directions will be addressed. Through internationally collaborative efforts and consortia, we aim to direct this promising field of immuno-oncology to the next frontier of successful application against pediatric CNS tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica B Foster
- Division of Oncology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA.
| | - Marta M Alonso
- Department of Pediatrics, Program of Solid Tumors, University Clinic of Navarra, Center for the Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Elias Sayour
- Lillian S. Wells Department of Neurosurgery, Preston A. Wells Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL USA
| | - Tom B Davidson
- Cancer and Blood Disease Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Mika L Persson
- Cancer Signalling Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia; Precision Medicine Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Matthew D Dun
- Cancer Signalling Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia; Precision Medicine Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia; Mark Hughes Foundation Centre for Brain Cancer Research, Paediatric Program, College of Health, Medicine & Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Cassie Kline
- Division of Oncology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Sabine Mueller
- Department of Neurology, Department of Neurosurgery and Department of Pediatrics, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Nicholas A Vitanza
- Ben Towne Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Seattle Children's Hospital, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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23
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Yang SF, Weng MT, Liang JD, Chiou LL, Hsu YC, Lee YT, Liu SY, Wu MC, Chou HC, Wang LF, Yu SH, Lee HS, Sheu JC. Neoantigen vaccination augments antitumor effects of anti-PD-1 on mouse hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Lett 2023; 563:216192. [PMID: 37088327 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2023.216192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors are groundbreaking resources for cancer therapy. However, only a few patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have shown positive responses to anti-PD-1 therapy. Neoantigens are sequence-altered proteins resulting from somatic mutations in cancer. This study identified the neoantigens of Hep-55.1C and Dt81 Hepa1-6 HCCs by comparing their whole exome sequences with those of a normal C57BL/6 mouse liver. Immunogenic long peptides were pooled as peptide vaccines. The vaccination elicited tumor-reactive immune responses in C57BL/6 mice, as demonstrated by IFN-γ ELISPOT and an in vitro killing assay of splenocytes. In the treatment of three mouse HCC models, combined neoantigen vaccination and anti-PD-1 resulted in more significant tumor regression than monotherapies. Flow cytometry of the tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes showed decreased Treg cells and monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells, increased CD8+ T cells, enhanced granzyme B expression, and reduced exhaustion-related markers PD-1 and Lag-3 on CD8+ T cells in the combination group. These findings provide a strong rationale for conducting clinical studies of using neoantigen vaccination in combination with anti-PD-1 to treat patients with HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Feng Yang
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Meng-Tzu Weng
- Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital, Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsinchu, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Ja-Der Liang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Ling-Ling Chiou
- Liver Disease Prevention & Treatment Research Foundation, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Chen Hsu
- Liver Disease Prevention & Treatment Research Foundation, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Ying-Te Lee
- Liver Disease Prevention & Treatment Research Foundation, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Shin-Yun Liu
- Liver Disease Prevention & Treatment Research Foundation, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Meng-Chuan Wu
- Liver Disease Prevention & Treatment Research Foundation, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Huei-Chi Chou
- Liver Disease Prevention & Treatment Research Foundation, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Li-Fang Wang
- Liver Disease Prevention & Treatment Research Foundation, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Shu-Han Yu
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Hsuan-Shu Lee
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Liver Disease Prevention & Treatment Research Foundation, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Jin-Chuan Sheu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Liver Disease Prevention & Treatment Research Foundation, Taipei, Taiwan.
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24
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Kikuyama F, Suzuki S, Jibiki A, Yokoyama Y, Kawazoe H, Kitanaka S, Nakamura T. Ingenol mebutate inhibits the growth of pancreatic cancer cells in vitro via STING with an efficacy comparable to that of clinically used anticancer agents. J Nat Med 2023; 77:343-351. [PMID: 36694038 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-023-01682-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is associated with a poor prognosis; thus, there is an urgent need to develop new and effective treatments. Ingenol mebutate (IM), which is isolated from the latex of Euphorbia peplus, was recently shown to be effective against pancreatic cancer cell lines; however, its mechanism of action has not been fully elucidated. In this study, we focused on the less drug-sensitive pancreatic cancer cell line Panc-1 and compared IM to commercially available anticancer drugs using cell survival assays. In addition, we aimed to identify novel biomolecules that may be involved in the mechanism of action of IM using RNA sequencing, western blotting, and inhibition assays. The IC50 values after 72 h of exposure to IM and SN-38, drugs to which the Panc-1 cells are most sensitive among the tested anticancer agents, were 43.1 ± 16.8 nM and 165 ± 37 nM, respectively. IM showed a cytostatic effect equal to or greater than that of the clinically used pancreatic cancer therapeutic drugs. RNA sequencing and protein expression analysis revealed that expression of stimulator of interferon genes (STING) increased at low IM concentration, whereas cell viability decreased. Co-exposure of IM and STING inhibitor, H-151, to Panc-1 or MIA PaCa-2 cell lines canceled the growth-inhibitory effects of IM alone. In conclusion, IM may have an efficacy comparable to that of existing pancreatic cancer therapeutic agents on the less drug-sensitive Panc-1 cell line and the immune-related molecule STING plays a role in the mechanism of action of IM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumihiro Kikuyama
- Division of Pharmaceutical Care Sciences, Keio University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, 105-8512, Japan
| | - Sayo Suzuki
- Division of Pharmaceutical Care Sciences, Keio University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, 105-8512, Japan.
- Center for Social Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Care Sciences Division of Pharmaceutical Care Sciences, Keio University Faculty of Pharmacy, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, 105-8512, Japan.
| | - Aya Jibiki
- Center for Social Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Care Sciences Division of Pharmaceutical Care Sciences, Keio University Faculty of Pharmacy, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, 105-8512, Japan
| | - Yuta Yokoyama
- Division of Pharmaceutical Care Sciences, Keio University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, 105-8512, Japan
- Center for Social Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Care Sciences Division of Pharmaceutical Care Sciences, Keio University Faculty of Pharmacy, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, 105-8512, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Kawazoe
- Division of Pharmaceutical Care Sciences, Keio University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, 105-8512, Japan
- Center for Social Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Care Sciences Division of Pharmaceutical Care Sciences, Keio University Faculty of Pharmacy, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, 105-8512, Japan
| | - Susumu Kitanaka
- Dios Medical Science Institute, 4-3-21 Mimomi, Narashino, Chiba, 275-0002, Japan
| | - Tomonori Nakamura
- Division of Pharmaceutical Care Sciences, Keio University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, 105-8512, Japan
- Center for Social Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Care Sciences Division of Pharmaceutical Care Sciences, Keio University Faculty of Pharmacy, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, 105-8512, Japan
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Leveraging Tumor Microenvironment Infiltration in Pancreatic Cancer to Identify Gene Signatures Related to Prognosis and Immunotherapy Response. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15051442. [PMID: 36900234 PMCID: PMC10000708 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15051442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The hallmark of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an exuberant tumor microenvironment (TME) comprised of diverse cell types that play key roles in carcinogenesis, chemo-resistance, and immune evasion. Here, we propose a gene signature score through the characterization of cell components in TME for promoting personalized treatments and further identifying effective therapeutic targets. We identified three TME subtypes based on cell components quantified by single sample gene set enrichment analysis. A prognostic risk score model (TMEscore) was established based on TME-associated genes using a random forest algorithm and unsupervised clustering, followed by validation in immunotherapy cohorts from the GEO dataset for its performance in predicting prognosis. Importantly, TMEscore positively correlated with the expression of immunosuppressive checkpoints and negatively with the gene signature of T cells' responses to IL2, IL15, and IL21. Subsequently, we further screened and verified F2R-like Trypsin Receptor1 (F2RL1) among the core genes related to TME, which promoted the malignant progression of PDAC and has been confirmed as a good biomarker with therapeutic potential in vitro and in vivo experiments. Taken together, we proposed a novel TMEscore for risk stratification and selection of PDAC patients in immunotherapy trials and validated effective pharmacological targets.
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26
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Ni JJ, Zhang ZZ, Ge MJ, Chen JY, Zhuo W. Immune-based combination therapy to convert immunologically cold tumors into hot tumors: an update and new insights. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2023; 44:288-307. [PMID: 35927312 PMCID: PMC9889774 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-022-00953-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
As a breakthrough strategy for cancer treatment, immunotherapy mainly consists of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and other immunomodulatory drugs that provide a durable protective antitumor response by stimulating the immune system to fight cancer. However, due to the low response rate and unique toxicity profiles of immunotherapy, the strategies of combining immunotherapy with other therapies have attracted enormous attention. These combinations are designed to exert potent antitumor effects by regulating different processes in the cancer-immunity cycle. To date, immune-based combination therapy has achieved encouraging results in numerous clinical trials and has received Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval for certain cancers with more studies underway. This review summarizes the emerging strategies of immune-based combination therapy, including combinations with another immunotherapeutic strategy, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, anti-angiogenic therapy, targeted therapy, bacterial therapy, and stroma-targeted therapy. Here, we highlight the rationale of immune-based combination therapy, the biomarkers and the clinical progress for these immune-based combination therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao-Jiao Ni
- Department of Cell Biology and Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310016, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China
- Institution of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Zi-Zhen Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China
- Institution of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Ming-Jie Ge
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Jing-Yu Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China
- Institution of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Wei Zhuo
- Department of Cell Biology and Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310016, China.
- Institution of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China.
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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Zhang X, Xu Z, Dai X, Zhang X, Wang X. Research progress of neoantigen-based dendritic cell vaccines in pancreatic cancer. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1104860. [PMID: 36761724 PMCID: PMC9905145 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1104860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The mutation of the crucial genes such as tumor suppressors or oncogenes plays an important role in the initiation and development of tumors. The non-synonymous mutations in the tumor cell genome will produce non-autologous proteins (neoantigen) to activate the immune system by activating CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Neoantigen-based peptide vaccines have exhibited exciting therapeutic effects in treating various cancers alone or in combination with other therapeutic strategies. Furthermore, antigen-loaded DC vaccines are more powerful in inducing stronger immune responses than vaccines generated by antigens and adjuvants. Therefore, neoantigen-based dendritic cell (DC) vaccines could achieve promising effects in combating some malignant tumors. In this review, we summarized and discussed the recent research progresses of the neoantigen, neoantigen-based vaccines, and DC-based vaccine in pancreatic cancers (PCs). The combination of the neoantigen and DC-based vaccine in PC was also highlighted. Therefore, our work will provide more detailed evidence and novel opinions to promote the development of a personalized neoantigen-based DC vaccine for PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- Department of Pathology, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Zheng Xu
- Department of Pathology, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xiangpeng Dai
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China,National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Disease, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaoling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China,National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Disease, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xueju Wang
- Department of Pathology, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China,*Correspondence: Xueju Wang,
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Neoantigens: promising targets for cancer therapy. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:9. [PMID: 36604431 PMCID: PMC9816309 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01270-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 205.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in neoantigen research have accelerated the development and regulatory approval of tumor immunotherapies, including cancer vaccines, adoptive cell therapy and antibody-based therapies, especially for solid tumors. Neoantigens are newly formed antigens generated by tumor cells as a result of various tumor-specific alterations, such as genomic mutation, dysregulated RNA splicing, disordered post-translational modification, and integrated viral open reading frames. Neoantigens are recognized as non-self and trigger an immune response that is not subject to central and peripheral tolerance. The quick identification and prediction of tumor-specific neoantigens have been made possible by the advanced development of next-generation sequencing and bioinformatic technologies. Compared to tumor-associated antigens, the highly immunogenic and tumor-specific neoantigens provide emerging targets for personalized cancer immunotherapies, and serve as prospective predictors for tumor survival prognosis and immune checkpoint blockade responses. The development of cancer therapies will be aided by understanding the mechanism underlying neoantigen-induced anti-tumor immune response and by streamlining the process of neoantigen-based immunotherapies. This review provides an overview on the identification and characterization of neoantigens and outlines the clinical applications of prospective immunotherapeutic strategies based on neoantigens. We also explore their current status, inherent challenges, and clinical translation potential.
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Tian Y, Hu D, Li Y, Yang L. Development of therapeutic vaccines for the treatment of diseases. MOLECULAR BIOMEDICINE 2022; 3:40. [PMID: 36477638 PMCID: PMC9729511 DOI: 10.1186/s43556-022-00098-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccines are one of the most effective medical interventions to combat newly emerging and re-emerging diseases. Prophylactic vaccines against rabies, measles, etc., have excellent effectiveness in preventing viral infection and associated diseases. However, the host immune response is unable to inhibit virus replication or eradicate established diseases in most infected people. Therapeutic vaccines, expressing specific endogenous or exogenous antigens, mainly induce or boost cell-mediated immunity via provoking cytotoxic T cells or elicit humoral immunity via activating B cells to produce specific antibodies. The ultimate aim of a therapeutic vaccine is to reshape the host immunity for eradicating a disease and establishing lasting memory. Therefore, therapeutic vaccines have been developed for the treatment of some infectious diseases and chronic noncommunicable diseases. Various technological strategies have been implemented for the development of therapeutic vaccines, including molecular-based vaccines (peptide/protein, DNA and mRNA vaccines), vector-based vaccines (bacterial vector vaccines, viral vector vaccines and yeast-based vaccines) and cell-based vaccines (dendritic cell vaccines and genetically modified cell vaccines) as well as combinatorial approaches. This review mainly summarizes therapeutic vaccine-induced immunity and describes the development and status of multiple types of therapeutic vaccines against infectious diseases, such as those caused by HPV, HBV, HIV, HCV, and SARS-CoV-2, and chronic noncommunicable diseases, including cancer, hypertension, Alzheimer's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, diabetes, and dyslipidemia, that have been evaluated in recent preclinical and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaomei Tian
- grid.412605.40000 0004 1798 1351College of Bioengineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, No. 519, Huixing Road, Zigong, Sichuan 643000 The People’s Republic of China ,grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China No. 17, Section 3, South Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041 The People’s Republic of China
| | - Die Hu
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China No. 17, Section 3, South Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041 The People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuhua Li
- grid.410749.f0000 0004 0577 6238Department of Arboviral Vaccine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Tiantan Xili, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100050 The People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Yang
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China No. 17, Section 3, South Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041 The People’s Republic of China
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S-acylthioalkyl ester (SATE)-based prodrugs of deoxyribose cyclic dinucleotides (dCDNs) as the STING agonist for antitumor immunotherapy. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 243:114796. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Cappellesso F, Orban MP, Shirgaonkar N, Berardi E, Serneels J, Neveu MA, Di Molfetta D, Piccapane F, Caroppo R, Debellis L, Ostyn T, Joudiou N, Mignion L, Richiardone E, Jordan BF, Gallez B, Corbet C, Roskams T, DasGupta R, Tejpar S, Di Matteo M, Taverna D, Reshkin SJ, Topal B, Virga F, Mazzone M. Targeting the bicarbonate transporter SLC4A4 overcomes immunosuppression and immunotherapy resistance in pancreatic cancer. NATURE CANCER 2022; 3:1464-1483. [PMID: 36522548 PMCID: PMC9767871 DOI: 10.1038/s43018-022-00470-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Solid tumors are generally characterized by an acidic tumor microenvironment (TME) that favors cancer progression, therapy resistance and immune evasion. By single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis in individuals with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), we reveal solute carrier family 4 member 4 (SLC4A4) as the most abundant bicarbonate transporter, predominantly expressed by epithelial ductal cells. Functionally, SLC4A4 inhibition in PDAC cancer cells mitigates the acidosis of the TME due to bicarbonate accumulation in the extracellular space and a decrease in lactate production by cancer cells as the result of reduced glycolysis. In PDAC-bearing mice, genetic or pharmacological SLC4A4 targeting improves T cell-mediated immune response and breaches macrophage-mediated immunosuppression, thus inhibiting tumor growth and metastases. In addition, Slc4a4 targeting in combination with immune checkpoint blockade is able to overcome immunotherapy resistance and prolong survival. Overall, our data propose SLC4A4 as a therapeutic target to unleash an antitumor immune response in PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Cappellesso
- Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marie-Pauline Orban
- Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Niranjan Shirgaonkar
- Laboratory of Precision Oncology and Cancer Evolution, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Emanuele Berardi
- Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jens Serneels
- Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marie-Aline Neveu
- Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Daria Di Molfetta
- Department of Bioscience, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Francesca Piccapane
- Department of Bioscience, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Rosa Caroppo
- Department of Bioscience, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Lucantonio Debellis
- Department of Bioscience, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Tessa Ostyn
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, Translational Cell and Tissue Research, KU Leuven and University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nicolas Joudiou
- Nuclear and Electron Spin Technologies Platform (NEST), Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lionel Mignion
- Nuclear and Electron Spin Technologies Platform (NEST), Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
- Biomedical Magnetic Resonance Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Elena Richiardone
- Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (FATH), Institut de Recherche Expérmentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bénédicte F Jordan
- Nuclear and Electron Spin Technologies Platform (NEST), Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
- Biomedical Magnetic Resonance Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bernard Gallez
- Nuclear and Electron Spin Technologies Platform (NEST), Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
- Biomedical Magnetic Resonance Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Cyril Corbet
- Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (FATH), Institut de Recherche Expérmentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Tania Roskams
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, Translational Cell and Tissue Research, KU Leuven and University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ramanuj DasGupta
- Laboratory of Precision Oncology and Cancer Evolution, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sabine Tejpar
- Laboratory of Molecular Digestive Oncology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mario Di Matteo
- Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Daniela Taverna
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
- Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Stephan J Reshkin
- Department of Bioscience, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Baki Topal
- Department of Abdominal Surgery, University Hospitals Gasthuisberg Leuven and KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Federico Virga
- Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
- Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Mazzone
- Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium.
- Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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Gautam SK, Basu S, Aithal A, Dwivedi NV, Gulati M, Jain M. Regulation of pancreatic cancer therapy resistance by chemokines. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:69-80. [PMID: 36064086 PMCID: PMC10370390 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly lethal malignancy characterized by high resistance and poor response to chemotherapy. In addition, the poorly immunogenic pancreatic tumors constitute an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) that render immunotherapy-based approaches ineffective. Understanding the mechanisms of therapy resistance, identifying new targets, and developing effective strategies to overcome resistance can significantly impact the management of PDAC patients. Chemokines are small soluble factors that are significantly deregulated during PDAC pathogenesis, contributing to tumor growth, metastasis, immune cell trafficking, and therapy resistance. Thus far, different chemokine pathways have been explored as therapeutic targets in PDAC, with some promising results in recent clinical trials. Particularly, immunotherapies such as immune check point blockade therapies and CAR-T cell therapies have shown promising results when combined with chemokine targeted therapies. Considering the emerging pathological and clinical significance of chemokines in PDAC, we reviewed major chemokine-regulated pathways leading to therapy resistance and the ongoing endeavors to target chemokine signaling in PDAC. This review discusses the role of chemokines in regulating therapy resistance in PDAC and highlights the continuing efforts to target chemokine-regulated pathways to improve the efficacy of various treatment modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shailendra K Gautam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA
| | - Soumi Basu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA
| | - Abhijit Aithal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA
| | - Nidhi V Dwivedi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA
| | - Mansi Gulati
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA
| | - Maneesh Jain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA; Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA.
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Yang N, Garcia A, Meyer C, Tuschl T, Merghoub T, Wolchok JD, Deng L. Heat-inactivated modified vaccinia virus Ankara boosts Th1 cellular and humoral immunity as a vaccine adjuvant. NPJ Vaccines 2022; 7:120. [PMID: 36261460 PMCID: PMC9580433 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-022-00542-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein or peptide-based subunit vaccines have generated excitement and renewed interest in combating human cancer or COVID-19 outbreak. One major concern for subunit vaccine application is the weak immune responses induced by protein or peptides. Developing novel and effective vaccine adjuvants are critical for the success of subunit vaccines. Here we explored the potential of heat-inactivated MVA (heat-iMVA) as a vaccine adjuvant. Heat-iMVA dramatically enhances T cell responses and antibodies responses, mainly toward Th1 immune responses when combined with protein or peptide-based immunogen. The adjuvant effect of Heat-iMVA is stronger than live MVA and is dependent on the cGAS/STING-mediated cytosolic DNA-sensing pathway. In a therapeutic vaccination model based on tumor neoantigen peptide vaccine, Heat-iMVA significantly extended the survival and delayed tumor growth. When combined with SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, Heat-iMVA induced more robust spike-specific antibody production and more potent neutralization antibodies. Our results support that Heat-iMVA can be developed as a safe and potent vaccine adjuvant for subunit vaccines against cancer or SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Yang
- Dermatology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Aitor Garcia
- Laboratory of RNA Molecular Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Cindy Meyer
- Laboratory of RNA Molecular Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Thomas Tuschl
- Laboratory of RNA Molecular Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Taha Merghoub
- Immuno-oncology service, Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jedd D Wolchok
- Immuno-oncology service, Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Liang Deng
- Dermatology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
- Immuno-oncology service, Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.
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Skorupan N, Palestino Dominguez M, Ricci SL, Alewine C. Clinical Strategies Targeting the Tumor Microenvironment of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:4209. [PMID: 36077755 PMCID: PMC9454553 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14174209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer has a complex tumor microenvironment which engages in extensive crosstalk between cancer cells, cancer-associated fibroblasts, and immune cells. Many of these interactions contribute to tumor resistance to anti-cancer therapies. Here, new therapeutic strategies designed to modulate the cancer-associated fibroblast and immune compartments of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas are described and clinical trials of novel therapeutics are discussed. Continued advances in our understanding of the pancreatic cancer tumor microenvironment are generating stromal and immune-modulating therapeutics that may improve patient responses to anti-tumor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nebojsa Skorupan
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Medical Oncology Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Mayrel Palestino Dominguez
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Samuel L. Ricci
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Christine Alewine
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Dhanisha SS, Guruvayoorappan C. Potential role of cGAS/STING pathway in regulating cancer progression. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2022; 178:103780. [PMID: 35953012 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2022.103780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The activation of innate immune response after the engagement of dsDNA is an evolutionarily preserved sophisticated strategy against invading microbial pathogens. cGAS has been identified as one of the major dsDNA sensor present in the cytoplasm which catalyzes the synthesis of a cyclic dinucleotide 2'3'cGAMP, as the secondary messenger that binds and activates the downstream stimulator of interferon (IFN) genes (STING) for subsequent production of type 1 IFNs and other inflammatory genes. Recent progress in the mechanical understanding of cGAS/STING signalling has unveiled its intricate role in tumor progression and metastasis. In this review, we specifically focus on new developments concerning the role of cGAS/STING signalling in regulating antitumorigenesis and tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Sulekha Dhanisha
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Division of Cancer Research Regional Cancer Centre, Research Centre, University of Kerala, Medical College Campus, Thiruvananthapuram 695011, Kerala, India
| | - Chandrasekharan Guruvayoorappan
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Division of Cancer Research Regional Cancer Centre, Research Centre, University of Kerala, Medical College Campus, Thiruvananthapuram 695011, Kerala, India.
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He Y, Hong C, Fletcher SJ, Berger AG, Sun X, Yang M, Huang S, Belcher AM, Irvine DJ, Li J, Hammond PT. Peptide-Based Cancer Vaccine Delivery via the STINGΔTM-cGAMP Complex. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2200905. [PMID: 35670244 PMCID: PMC11117022 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202200905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
With the advent of bioinformatic tools in efficiently predicting neo-antigens, peptide vaccines have gained tremendous attention in cancer immunotherapy. However, the delivery of peptide vaccines remains a major challenge, primarily due to ineffective transport to lymph nodes and low immunogenicity. Here, a strategy for peptide vaccine delivery is reported by first fusing the peptide to the cytosolic domain of the stimulator of interferon genes protein (STINGΔTM), then complexing the peptide-STINGΔTM protein with STING agonist 2'3' cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate (cGAMP). The process results in the formation of self-assembled cGAMP-peptide-STINGΔTM tetramers, which enables efficient lymphatic trafficking of the peptide. Moreover, the cGAMP-STINGΔTM complex acts not only as a protein carrier for the peptide, but also as a potent adjuvant capable of triggering STING signaling independent of endogenous STING protein-an especially important attribute considering that certain cancer cells epigenetically silence their endogenous STING expression. With model antigen SIINFEKL, it is demonstrated that the platform elicits effective STING signaling in vitro, draining lymph node targeting in vivo, effective T cell priming in vivo as well as antitumoral immune response in a mouse colon carcinoma model, providing a versatile solution to the challenges faced in peptide vaccine delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanpu He
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | - Celestine Hong
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | - Samantha J. Fletcher
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | - Adam G. Berger
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
- Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | - Xin Sun
- Department of Biological Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Mengdi Yang
- Department of Biological Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Shengnan Huang
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | - Angela M. Belcher
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | - Darrell J. Irvine
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, United States
| | - Jiahe Li
- Department of Biological Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Paula T. Hammond
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
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Zhang J, Li R, Huang S. The immunoregulation effect of tumor microenvironment in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:951019. [PMID: 35965504 PMCID: PMC9365986 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.951019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer has the seventh highest death rate of all cancers. The absence of any serious symptoms, coupled with a lack of early prognostic and diagnostic markers, makes the disease untreatable in most cases. This leads to a delay in diagnosis and the disease progresses so there is no cure. Only about 20% of cases are diagnosed early. Surgical removal is the preferred treatment for cancer, but chemotherapy is standard for advanced cancer, although patients can eventually develop drug resistance and serious side effects. Chemoresistance is multifactorial because of the interaction among pancreatic cancer cells, cancer stem cells, and the tumor microenvironment (TME). Nevertheless, more pancreatic cancer patients will benefit from precision treatment and targeted drugs. This review focuses on the immune-related components of TME and the interactions between tumor cells and TME during the development and progression of pancreatic cancer, including immunosuppression, tumor dormancy and escape. Finally, we discussed a variety of immune components-oriented immunotargeting drugs in TME from a clinical perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Renfeng Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shuai Huang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Oosting LT, Franke K, Martin MV, Kloosterman WP, Jamieson JA, Glenn LA, de Jager MW, van Zanten J, Allersma DP, Gareb B. Development of a Personalized Tumor Neoantigen Based Vaccine Formulation (FRAME-001) for Use in a Phase II Trial for the Treatment of Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14071515. [PMID: 35890409 PMCID: PMC9322189 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14071515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Stage III–IV non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a devastating disease characterized by a poor prognosis. NSCLC tumors carry genetic mutations, which can lead to the expression of altered protein sequences. Peptides originating from mutated proteins and bound to MHC molecules on the tumor cell surface are referred to as neoantigens, as they are tumor-specific and not expressed in normal cells. Due to their tumor specificity, neoantigens have a strong potential to induce an anti-tumor immune response and have been investigated for development of personalized therapeutic cancer vaccines. The current study describes the development of a clinical grade neoantigen vaccine formulation (FRAME-001) intended as immunotherapy in advanced NSCLC in combination with the immune checkpoint inhibitor pembrolizumab. The detection of aberrant tumor-specific transcripts as well as an algorithm to select immunogenic neoantigen peptides are described. Subsequently, selected neoantigen peptides were synthesized with a high throughput synthesis platform and aseptically formulated under good manufacturing practice (GMP) conditions into four aqueous peptides mixtures that each contained six neoantigen peptides. A validated stability-indicating analytical method was developed in which we considered the personalized nature of the formulation. An extensive stability study performed either at −25 °C or −80 °C showed that the formulation was stable for up to 32 weeks. The formulation was mixed with the vaccine adjuvant Montanide ISA 51 VG, which yielded the final vaccine emulsion. The stability of the vaccine emulsion was demonstrated using microscopic examination, differential light scattering, and the water-drop test. The presented data show that FRAME-001 is a feasible personalized vaccine formulation for the treatment of stage III–IV NSCLC. The presented data may give guidance in the development of novel personalized therapeutic vaccines since this formulation strategy could be used for any cancer indication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linette T. Oosting
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (L.T.O.); (J.v.Z.); (D.P.A.)
| | - Katka Franke
- CureVac Netherlands B.V., Matrix Building VII, Science Park 106, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (K.F.); (M.V.M.); (W.P.K.)
| | - Michael V. Martin
- CureVac Netherlands B.V., Matrix Building VII, Science Park 106, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (K.F.); (M.V.M.); (W.P.K.)
| | - Wigard P. Kloosterman
- CureVac Netherlands B.V., Matrix Building VII, Science Park 106, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (K.F.); (M.V.M.); (W.P.K.)
| | - Jennifer A. Jamieson
- Almac Sciences Scotland Ltd., The Fleming Building, Edinburgh Technopole, Milton Bridge, Penicuik EH26 0BE, UK; (J.A.J.); (L.A.G.)
| | - Laura A. Glenn
- Almac Sciences Scotland Ltd., The Fleming Building, Edinburgh Technopole, Milton Bridge, Penicuik EH26 0BE, UK; (J.A.J.); (L.A.G.)
| | | | - Jacoba van Zanten
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (L.T.O.); (J.v.Z.); (D.P.A.)
| | - Derk P. Allersma
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (L.T.O.); (J.v.Z.); (D.P.A.)
| | - Bahez Gareb
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (L.T.O.); (J.v.Z.); (D.P.A.)
- Correspondence:
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Activation of Stimulation of Interferon Genes (STING) Signal and Cancer Immunotherapy. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27144638. [PMID: 35889509 PMCID: PMC9325158 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27144638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Stimulator of interferon gene (STING), an intracellular receptor in the endoplasmic reticulum, could induce the production of cytokines such as type I interferon (IFN) by activating the cGAS-STING signal pathway. In recent years, activation of STING has shown great potential to enhance anti-tumor immunity and reshape the tumor microenvironment, which is expected to be used in tumor immunotherapy. A number of STING agonists have demonstrated promising biological activity and showed excellent synergistic anti-tumor effects in combination with other cancer therapies in preclinical studies and some clinical trials. The combination of STING agonists and ICI also showed a potent effect in improving anti-tumor immunity. In this review, we introduce the cGAS-STING signaling pathway and its effect in tumor immunity and discuss the recent strategies of activation of the STING signaling pathway and its research progress in tumor immunotherapy.
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Chamma H, Vila IK, Taffoni C, Turtoi A, Laguette N. Activation of STING in the pancreatic tumor microenvironment: A novel therapeutic opportunity. Cancer Lett 2022; 538:215694. [PMID: 35489447 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2022.215694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a cancer of poor prognosis that presents with a dense desmoplastic stroma that contributes to therapeutic failure. PDAC patients are mostly unresponsive to immunotherapy. However, hopes to elicit response to immunotherapy have emerged with novel strategies targeting the Stimulator of Interferon Genes (STING) protein, which is a major regulator of tumor-associated inflammation. Combination of STING agonists with conventional immunotherapy approaches has proven to potentiate therapeutic benefits in several cancers. However, recent data underscore that the output of STING activation varies depending on the cellular and tissue context. This suggests that tumor heterogeneity, and in particular the heterogeneity of the tumor microenvironment (TME), is a key factor determining whether STING activation would bear benefits for patients. In this review, we discuss the potential benefits of STING activation in PDAC. To this aim, we describe the major components of the PDAC TME, and the expected consequences of STING activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanane Chamma
- Institut de Génétique Humaine, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Molecular Basis of Inflammation Laboratory, Montpellier, France
| | - Isabelle K Vila
- Institut de Génétique Humaine, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Molecular Basis of Inflammation Laboratory, Montpellier, France
| | - Clara Taffoni
- Institut de Génétique Humaine, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Molecular Basis of Inflammation Laboratory, Montpellier, France
| | - Andrei Turtoi
- Tumor Microenvironment Laboratory, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, 34000, Montpellier, France.
| | - Nadine Laguette
- Institut de Génétique Humaine, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Molecular Basis of Inflammation Laboratory, Montpellier, France.
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Adaptive immune resistance at the tumour site: mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2022; 21:529-540. [PMID: 35701637 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-022-00493-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 71.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Tumours employ various tactics to adapt and eventually resist immune attack. These mechanisms are collectively called adaptive immune resistance (AIR). The first defined and therapeutically validated AIR mechanism is the selective induction of programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PDL1) by interferon-γ in the tumour. Blockade of PDL1 binding to its receptor PD1 by antibodies (anti-PD therapy) has resulted in remission of a fraction of patients with advanced-stage cancer, especially in solid tumours. However, many clinical trials combining anti-PD therapy with other antitumour drugs conducted without a strong mechanistic rationale have failed to identify a synergistic or additive effect. In this Perspective article, we discuss why defining AIR mechanisms at the tumour site should be a key focus to direct future drug development as well as practical approaches to improve current cancer therapy.
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Nel AE, Mei KC, Liao YP, Lu X. Multifunctional Lipid Bilayer Nanocarriers for Cancer Immunotherapy in Heterogeneous Tumor Microenvironments, Combining Immunogenic Cell Death Stimuli with Immune Modulatory Drugs. ACS NANO 2022; 16:5184-5232. [PMID: 35348320 PMCID: PMC9519818 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c01252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
In addition to the contribution of cancer cells, the solid tumor microenvironment (TME) has a critical role in determining tumor expansion, antitumor immunity, and the response to immunotherapy. Understanding the details of the complex interplay between cancer cells and components of the TME provides an unprecedented opportunity to explore combination therapy for intervening in the immune landscape to improve immunotherapy outcome. One approach is the introduction of multifunctional nanocarriers, capable of delivering drug combinations that provide immunogenic stimuli for improvement of tumor antigen presentation, contemporaneous with the delivery of coformulated drug or synthetic molecules that provide immune danger signals or interfere in immune-escape, immune-suppressive, and T-cell exclusion pathways. This forward-looking review will discuss the use of lipid-bilayer-encapsulated liposomes and mesoporous silica nanoparticles for combination immunotherapy of the heterogeneous immune landscapes in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and triple-negative breast cancer. We describe how the combination of remote drug loading and lipid bilayer encapsulation is used for the synthesis of synergistic drug combinations that induce immunogenic cell death, interfere in the PD-1/PD-L1 axis, inhibit the indoleamine-pyrrole 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO-1) immune metabolic pathway, restore spatial access to activated T-cells to the cancer site, or reduce the impact of immunosuppressive stromal components. We show how an integration of current knowledge and future discovery can be used for a rational approach to nanoenabled cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- André E. Nel
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine University of California, Los Angeles, California, 90095, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Kuo-Ching Mei
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine University of California, Los Angeles, California, 90095, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Yu-Pei Liao
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine University of California, Los Angeles, California, 90095, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Xiangsheng Lu
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine University of California, Los Angeles, California, 90095, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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Okada M, Shimizu K, Fujii SI. Identification of Neoantigens in Cancer Cells as Targets for Immunotherapy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052594. [PMID: 35269735 PMCID: PMC8910406 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The clinical benefits of immune checkpoint blockage (ICB) therapy have been widely reported. In patients with cancer, researchers have demonstrated the clinical potential of antitumor cytotoxic T cells that can be reinvigorated or enhanced by ICB. Compared to self-antigens, neoantigens derived from tumor somatic mutations are believed to be ideal immune targets in tumors. Candidate tumor neoantigens can be identified through immunogenomic or immunopeptidomic approaches. Identification of neoantigens has revealed several points of the clinical relevance. For instance, tumor mutation burden (TMB) may be an indicator of immunotherapy. In various cancers, mutation rates accompanying neoantigen loads may be indicative of immunotherapy. Furthermore, mismatch repair-deficient tumors can be eradicated by T cells in ICB treatment. Hence, immunotherapies using vaccines or adoptive T-cell transfer targeting neoantigens are potential innovative strategies. However, significant efforts are required to identify the optimal epitopes. In this review, we summarize the recent progress in the identification of neoantigens and discussed preclinical and clinical studies based on neoantigens. We also discuss the issues remaining to be addressed before clinical applications of these new therapeutic strategies can be materialized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Okada
- Laboratory for Immunotherapy, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, 1-7-22, Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan; (M.O.); (K.S.)
| | - Kanako Shimizu
- Laboratory for Immunotherapy, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, 1-7-22, Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan; (M.O.); (K.S.)
| | - Shin-ichiro Fujii
- Laboratory for Immunotherapy, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, 1-7-22, Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan; (M.O.); (K.S.)
- Program for Drug Discovery and Medical Technology Platforms, RIKEN, 1-7-22, Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-45-503-7062
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A Comprehensive Review of the Current and Future Role of the Microbiome in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14041020. [PMID: 35205769 PMCID: PMC8870349 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14041020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary This review summarizes the current literature related to the microbiome and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). The aim of this review is to explore the current role of the microbiome in the disease process, screening/diagnostics and to postulate the future role with regards to therapeutic strategies including chemotherapy, immunotherapy and surgery. We further explore the future of microbiome modulation (faecal microbiome transplants, bacterial consortiums, anti-microbials and probiotics), their applications and how we can improve the future of microbiome modulation in a bid to improve PDAC outcomes. Abstract Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is expected to become the second most common cause of cancer death in the USA by 2030, yet progress continues to lag behind that of other cancers, with only 9% of patients surviving beyond 5 years. Long-term survivorship of PDAC and improving survival has, until recently, escaped our understanding. One recent frontier in the cancer field is the microbiome. The microbiome collectively refers to the extensive community of bacteria and fungi that colonise us. It is estimated that there is one to ten prokaryotic cells for each human somatic cell, yet, the significance of this community in health and disease has, until recently, been overlooked. This review examines the role of the microbiome in PDAC and how it may alter survival outcomes. We evaluate the possibility of employing microbiomic signatures as biomarkers of PDAC. Ultimately this review analyses whether the microbiome may be amenable to targeting and consequently altering the natural history of PDAC.
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Diverse and precision therapies open new horizons for patients with advanced pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int 2022; 21:10-24. [PMID: 34538570 DOI: 10.1016/j.hbpd.2021.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a common cause of cancer-related death, and most patients are with advanced disease when diagnosed. At present, despite a variety of treatments have been developed for PDAC, few effective treatment options are available; on the other hand, PDAC shows significant resistance to chemoradiotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy due to its heterogeneous genetic profile, molecular signaling pathways, and complex tumor immune microenvironment. Nevertheless, over the past decades, there have been many new advances in the key theory and understanding of the intrinsic mechanisms and complexity of molecular biology and molecular immunology in pancreatic cancer, based on which more and more diverse new means and reasonable combination strategies for PDAC treatment have been developed and preliminary breakthroughs have been made. With the continuous exploration, from surgical local treatment to comprehensive medical management, the research-diagnosis-management system of pancreatic cancer is improving. This review focused on the variety of treatments for advanced PDAC, including traditional chemotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, microenvironment matrix regulation as well as the treatment targeting epigenetics, metabolism and cancer stem cells. We pointed out the current research bottlenecks and future exploration directions.
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Neoantigen Cancer Vaccines: Generation, Optimization, and Therapeutic Targeting Strategies. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10020196. [PMID: 35214655 PMCID: PMC8877108 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10020196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Alternatives to conventional cancer treatments are highly sought after for high-risk malignancies that have a poor response to established treatment modalities. With research advancing rapidly in the past decade, neoantigen-based immunotherapeutic approaches represent an effective and highly tolerable therapeutic option. Neoantigens are tumor-specific antigens that are not expressed in normal cells and possess significant immunogenic potential. Several recent studies have described the conceptual framework and methodologies to generate neoantigen-based vaccines as well as the formulation of appropriate clinical trials to advance this approach for patient care. This review aims to describe some of the key studies in the recent literature in this rapidly evolving field and summarize the current advances in neoantigen identification and selection, vaccine generation and delivery, and the optimization of neoantigen-based therapeutic strategies, including the early data from pivotal clinical studies.
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Zheng Y, Wu JJ. Overcoming STING Agonists Barriers: Peptide, Protein, Biomembrane-based Biocompatible Delivery Strategies. Chem Asian J 2022; 17:e202101400. [PMID: 35080118 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202101400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
After the development for more ten years, stimulator of interferon genes (STING), a representative of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), is now entering the stage of widespread applications. Along with evolution of STING agonists of cyclic dinucleotides (CDNs) and non-nucleotide molecules, the stability of agonists has been improved. However, their poor performance in clinical trials triggers urgent demands for highly effective delivery strategies to further improve the cellular permeability, tissue targetability and retention. In this review, we summarized the recent progress of STING agonists applications and delivery strategies with a focus on the biocompatible platforms of peptide, protein and biomembrane, providing a novel vision for STING field and future direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongfang Zheng
- Fujian Normal University, college of chemistry and material science, 32 Shangsan Road, Fuzhou 350007, People's Republic of China, 350007, Fuzhou, CHINA
| | - Jun-Jun Wu
- Fujian Normal University, college of life sciences, CHINA
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Saito T, Shukla NM, Sato-Kaneko F, Sako Y, Hosoya T, Yao S, Lao FS, Messer K, Pu M, Chan M, Chu PJ, Cottam HB, Hayashi T, Carson DA, Corr M. Small Molecule Calcium Channel Activator Potentiates Adjuvant Activity. ACS Chem Biol 2022; 17:217-229. [PMID: 34985883 PMCID: PMC8788586 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.1c00883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
There remains an unmet need for reliable fully synthetic adjuvants that increase lasting protective immune responses from vaccines. We previously reported a high-throughput screening for small molecules that extended nuclear factor kappa-light-chain enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) activation after a Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) ligand, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), stimulation using a human myeloid reporter cell line. We identified compounds with a conserved aminothiazole scaffold including 2D216 [N-(4-(2,5-dimethylphenyl)thiazol-2-yl)-4-(piperidin-1-ylsulfonyl)benzamide], which increased murine antigen-specific antibody responses when used as a co-adjuvant with LPS. Here, we examined the mechanism of action in human cells. Although 2D216 activated the major mitogen-activated protein kinases, it did not interact with common kinases and phosphatases and did not stimulate many of the pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). Instead, the mechanism of action was linked to intracellular Ca2+ elevation via Ca2+ channel(s) at the plasma membrane and nuclear translocation of the nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFAT) as supported by RNA-seq data, analysis by reporter cells, Ca2+ flux assays, and immunoblots. Interestingly, 2D216 had minimal, if any, activity on Jurkat T cells but induced cytokine production and surface expression of costimulatory molecules on cells with antigen-presenting functions. A small series of analogs of 2D216 were tested for the ability to enhance a TLR4 ligand-stimulated autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR). In the MLR, 2E151, N-(4-(2,5-dimethylphenyl)thiazol-2-yl)-4-((4-propylpiperidin-1-yl)sulfonyl)benzamide, was more potent than 2D216. These results indicate that a small molecule that is not a direct PRR agonist can act as a co-adjuvant to an approved adjuvant to enhance human immune responses via a complementary mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Saito
- Moores
Cancer Center, University of California
San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0809, United States
- Department
of Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
| | - Nikunj M. Shukla
- Moores
Cancer Center, University of California
San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0809, United States
| | - Fumi Sato-Kaneko
- Moores
Cancer Center, University of California
San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0809, United States
| | - Yukiya Sako
- Moores
Cancer Center, University of California
San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0809, United States
| | - Tadashi Hosoya
- Moores
Cancer Center, University of California
San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0809, United States
- Department
of Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
| | - Shiyin Yao
- Moores
Cancer Center, University of California
San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0809, United States
| | - Fitzgerald S. Lao
- Moores
Cancer Center, University of California
San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0809, United States
| | - Karen Messer
- Herbert
Wertheim School of Public Health and Longevity, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0901, United States
| | - Minya Pu
- Herbert
Wertheim School of Public Health and Longevity, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0901, United States
| | - Michael Chan
- Moores
Cancer Center, University of California
San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0809, United States
| | - Paul J. Chu
- Moores
Cancer Center, University of California
San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0809, United States
| | - Howard B. Cottam
- Moores
Cancer Center, University of California
San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0809, United States
| | - Tomoko Hayashi
- Moores
Cancer Center, University of California
San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0809, United States
| | - Dennis A. Carson
- Moores
Cancer Center, University of California
San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0809, United States
| | - Maripat Corr
- Department
of Medicine, University of California San
Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0656, United States
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Shah K, Al-Haidari A, Sun J, Kazi JU. T cell receptor (TCR) signaling in health and disease. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:412. [PMID: 34897277 PMCID: PMC8666445 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-021-00823-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Interaction of the T cell receptor (TCR) with an MHC-antigenic peptide complex results in changes at the molecular and cellular levels in T cells. The outside environmental cues are translated into various signal transduction pathways within the cell, which mediate the activation of various genes with the help of specific transcription factors. These signaling networks propagate with the help of various effector enzymes, such as kinases, phosphatases, and phospholipases. Integration of these disparate signal transduction pathways is done with the help of adaptor proteins that are non-enzymatic in function and that serve as a scaffold for various protein-protein interactions. This process aids in connecting the proximal to distal signaling pathways, thereby contributing to the full activation of T cells. This review provides a comprehensive snapshot of the various molecules involved in regulating T cell receptor signaling, covering both enzymes and adaptors, and will discuss their role in human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinjal Shah
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Lund Stem Cell Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Amr Al-Haidari
- Clinical Genetics and Pathology, Skåne University Hospital, Region Skåne, Lund, Sweden
- Clinical Sciences Department, Surgery Research Unit, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Jianmin Sun
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Lund Stem Cell Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- NHC Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases Research, Science and Technology center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Julhash U Kazi
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
- Lund Stem Cell Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
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Mohseni G, Li J, Ariston Gabriel AN, Du L, Wang YS, Wang C. The Function of cGAS-STING Pathway in Treatment of Pancreatic Cancer. Front Immunol 2021; 12:781032. [PMID: 34858438 PMCID: PMC8630697 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.781032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The activation of stimulator of interferon genes (STING) signalling pathway has been suggested to promote the immune responses against malignancy. STING is activated in response to the detection of cytosolic DNA and can induce type I interferons and link innate immunity with the adaptive immune system. Due to accretive evidence demonstrating that the STING pathway regulates the immune cells of the tumor microenvironment (TME), STING as a cancer biotherapy has attracted considerable attention. Pancreatic cancer, with a highly immunosuppressive TME, remains fatal cancer. STING has been applied to the treatment of pancreatic cancer through distinct strategies. This review reveals the role of STING signalling on pancreatic tumors and other diseases related to the pancreas. We then discuss new advances of STING in either monotherapy or combination methods for pancreatic cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghazal Mohseni
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, School of Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Abakundana Nsenga Ariston Gabriel
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, School of Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Lutao Du
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yun-Shan Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Chuanxin Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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