1
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Huff AL, Longway G, Mitchell JT, Andaloori L, Davis-Marcisak E, Chen F, Lyman MR, Wang R, Mathew J, Barrett B, Rahman S, Leatherman J, Yarchoan M, Azad NS, Yegnasubramanian S, Kagohara LT, Fertig EJ, Jaffee EM, Armstrong TD, Zaidi N. CD4 T cell-activating neoantigens enhance personalized cancer vaccine efficacy. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e174027. [PMID: 38063199 PMCID: PMC10795827 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.174027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Personalized cancer vaccines aim to activate and expand cytotoxic antitumor CD8+ T cells to recognize and kill tumor cells. However, the role of CD4+ T cell activation in the clinical benefit of these vaccines is not well defined. We previously established a personalized neoantigen vaccine (PancVAX) for the pancreatic cancer cell line Panc02, which activates tumor-specific CD8+ T cells but required combinatorial checkpoint modulators to achieve therapeutic efficacy. To determine the effects of neoantigen-specific CD4+ T cell activation, we generated a vaccine (PancVAX2) targeting both major histocompatibility complex class I- (MHCI-) and MHCII-specific neoantigens. Tumor-bearing mice vaccinated with PancVAX2 had significantly improved control of tumor growth and long-term survival benefit without concurrent administration of checkpoint inhibitors. PancVAX2 significantly enhanced priming and recruitment of neoantigen-specific CD8+ T cells into the tumor with lower PD-1 expression after reactivation compared with the CD8+ vaccine alone. Vaccine-induced neoantigen-specific Th1 CD4+ T cells in the tumor were associated with decreased Tregs. Consistent with this, PancVAX2 was associated with more proimmune myeloid-derived suppressor cells and M1-like macrophages in the tumor, demonstrating a less immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. This study demonstrates the biological importance of prioritizing and including CD4+ T cell-specific neoantigens for personalized cancer vaccine modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L. Huff
- Johns Hopkins Convergence Institute and
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Kimmel Institute for Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Gabriella Longway
- Johns Hopkins Convergence Institute and
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Kimmel Institute for Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jacob T. Mitchell
- Johns Hopkins Convergence Institute and
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Kimmel Institute for Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Lalitya Andaloori
- Johns Hopkins Convergence Institute and
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Kimmel Institute for Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Emily Davis-Marcisak
- Johns Hopkins Convergence Institute and
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Kimmel Institute for Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Fangluo Chen
- Johns Hopkins Convergence Institute and
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Kimmel Institute for Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Melissa R. Lyman
- Johns Hopkins Convergence Institute and
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Kimmel Institute for Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Rulin Wang
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jocelyn Mathew
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Kimmel Institute for Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Benjamin Barrett
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Kimmel Institute for Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Sabahat Rahman
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Kimmel Institute for Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - James Leatherman
- Johns Hopkins Convergence Institute and
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Kimmel Institute for Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Mark Yarchoan
- Johns Hopkins Convergence Institute and
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Kimmel Institute for Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Nilofer S. Azad
- Johns Hopkins Convergence Institute and
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Kimmel Institute for Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Srinivasan Yegnasubramanian
- Johns Hopkins Convergence Institute and
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Kimmel Institute for Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- inHealth Precision Medicine Program
| | - Luciane T. Kagohara
- Johns Hopkins Convergence Institute and
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Kimmel Institute for Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, and
| | - Elana J. Fertig
- Johns Hopkins Convergence Institute and
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Kimmel Institute for Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, and
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Elizabeth M. Jaffee
- Johns Hopkins Convergence Institute and
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Kimmel Institute for Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Todd D. Armstrong
- Johns Hopkins Convergence Institute and
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Kimmel Institute for Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Neeha Zaidi
- Johns Hopkins Convergence Institute and
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Kimmel Institute for Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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2
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Shu DH, Ho WJ, Kagohara LT, Girgis A, Shin SM, Danilova L, Lee JW, Sidiropoulos DN, Mitchell S, Munjal K, Howe K, Bendinelli KJ, Qi H, Mo G, Montagne J, Leatherman JM, Lopez-Vidal TY, Zhu Q, Huff AL, Yuan X, Hernandez A, Coyne EM, Zaidi N, Zabransky DJ, Engle LL, Ogurtsova A, Baretti M, Laheru D, Durham JN, Wang H, Anders R, Jaffee EM, Fertig EJ, Yarchoan M. Immune landscape of tertiary lymphoid structures in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treated with neoadjuvant immune checkpoint blockade. bioRxiv 2023:2023.10.16.562104. [PMID: 37904980 PMCID: PMC10614819 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.16.562104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Neoadjuvant immunotherapy is thought to produce long-term remissions through induction of antitumor immune responses before removal of the primary tumor. Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS), germinal center-like structures that can arise within tumors, may contribute to the establishment of immunological memory in this setting, but understanding of their role remains limited. Here, we investigated the contribution of TLS to antitumor immunity in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treated with neoadjuvant immunotherapy. We found that neoadjuvant immunotherapy induced the formation of TLS, which were associated with superior pathologic response, improved relapse free survival, and expansion of the intratumoral T and B cell repertoire. While TLS in viable tumor displayed a highly active mature morphology, in areas of tumor regression we identified an involuted TLS morphology, which was characterized by dispersion of the B cell follicle and persistence of a T cell zone enriched for ongoing antigen presentation and T cell-mature dendritic cell interactions. Involuted TLS showed increased expression of T cell memory markers and expansion of CD8+ cytotoxic and tissue resident memory clonotypes. Collectively, these data reveal the circumstances of TLS dissolution and suggest a functional role for late-stage TLS as sites of T cell memory formation after elimination of viable tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel H. Shu
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Convergence Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Won Jin Ho
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Convergence Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Luciane T. Kagohara
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Convergence Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Alexander Girgis
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Convergence Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Sarah M. Shin
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Ludmila Danilova
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jae W. Lee
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Dimitrios N. Sidiropoulos
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Convergence Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Sarah Mitchell
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Kabeer Munjal
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Kathryn Howe
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Kayla J. Bendinelli
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Hanfei Qi
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Guanglan Mo
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Janelle Montagne
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Convergence Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - James M. Leatherman
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Tamara Y. Lopez-Vidal
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Convergence Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Qingfeng Zhu
- Convergence Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Amanda L. Huff
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Convergence Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Xuan Yuan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Alexei Hernandez
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Erin M. Coyne
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Neeha Zaidi
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Convergence Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Daniel J. Zabransky
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Convergence Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Logan L. Engle
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- The Mark Foundation Center for Advanced Genomics and Imaging, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
- Bloomberg∼Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy and Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Aleksandra Ogurtsova
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- The Mark Foundation Center for Advanced Genomics and Imaging, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
- Bloomberg∼Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy and Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Marina Baretti
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Daniel Laheru
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Convergence Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jennifer N. Durham
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Robert Anders
- Convergence Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Elizabeth M. Jaffee
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Convergence Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
- Bloomberg∼Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy and Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Elana J. Fertig
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Convergence Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, Johns Hopkins University Whiting School of Engineering, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Mark Yarchoan
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Convergence Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
- Bloomberg∼Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy and Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
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3
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Huff AL, Zaidi N. Vaccine boosts T cells that target pancreatic tumours. Nature 2023; 618:37-38. [PMID: 37165219 PMCID: PMC10548444 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-023-01526-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Efforts to tackle pancreatic cancer by harnessing immune cells have had limited success. A clinical trial reports promising results from testing a personalized approach to boosting immune responses to such tumours. See p.144
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4
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Evgin L, Kottke T, Tonne J, Thompson J, Huff AL, van Vloten J, Moore M, Michael J, Driscoll C, Pulido J, Swanson E, Kennedy R, Coffey M, Loghmani H, Sanchez-Perez L, Olivier G, Harrington K, Pandha H, Melcher A, Diaz RM, Vile RG. Oncolytic virus-mediated expansion of dual-specific CAR T cells improves efficacy against solid tumors in mice. Sci Transl Med 2022; 14:eabn2231. [PMID: 35417192 PMCID: PMC9297825 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abn2231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses (OVs) encoding a variety of transgenes have been evaluated as therapeutic tools to increase the efficacy of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-modified T cells in the solid tumor microenvironment (TME). Here, using systemically delivered OVs and CAR T cells in immunocompetent mouse models, we have defined a mechanism by which OVs can potentiate CAR T cell efficacy against solid tumor models of melanoma and glioma. We show that stimulation of the native T cell receptor (TCR) with viral or virally encoded epitopes gives rise to enhanced proliferation, CAR-directed antitumor function, and distinct memory phenotypes. In vivo expansion of dual-specific (DS) CAR T cells was leveraged by in vitro preloading with oncolytic vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) or reovirus, allowing for a further in vivo expansion and reactivation of T cells by homologous boosting. This treatment led to prolonged survival of mice with subcutaneous melanoma and intracranial glioma tumors. Human CD19 CAR T cells could also be expanded in vitro with TCR reactivity against viral or virally encoded antigens and was associated with greater CAR-directed cytokine production. Our data highlight the utility of combining OV and CAR T cell therapy and show that stimulation of the native TCR can be exploited to enhance CAR T cell activity and efficacy in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Evgin
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester,
MN 55905, USA
| | - Tim Kottke
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester,
MN 55905, USA
| | - Jason Tonne
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester,
MN 55905, USA
| | - Jill Thompson
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester,
MN 55905, USA
| | - Amanda L. Huff
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester,
MN 55905, USA
| | - Jacob van Vloten
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester,
MN 55905, USA
| | - Madelyn Moore
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester,
MN 55905, USA
| | - Josefine Michael
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester,
MN 55905, USA
| | | | - Jose Pulido
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester,
MN 55905, USA
| | - Eric Swanson
- Vaccine Research Group, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905,
USA
| | - Richard Kennedy
- Vaccine Research Group, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905,
USA
| | - Matt Coffey
- Oncolytics Biotech Incorporated, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | | | | | - Gloria Olivier
- Mayo Clinic Ventures, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905,
USA
| | - Kevin Harrington
- Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, Institute of Cancer
Research, Chester Beatty Laboratories, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Hardev Pandha
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of
Surrey, Guildford GU2 7WG, UK
| | - Alan Melcher
- Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, Institute of Cancer
Research, Chester Beatty Laboratories, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Rosa Maria Diaz
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester,
MN 55905, USA
| | - Richard G. Vile
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester,
MN 55905, USA
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905,
USA
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5
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Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has elevated mRNA vaccines to global recognition due to their unprecedented success rate in protecting against a deadly virus. This international success is underscored by the remarkable versatility, favorable immunogenicity, and overall safety of the mRNA platform in diverse populations. Although mRNA vaccines have been studied in preclinical models and patients with cancer for almost three decades, development has been slow. The recent technological advances responsible for the COVID-19 vaccines have potential implications for successfully adapting this vaccine platform for cancer therapeutics. Here we discuss the lessons learned along with the chemical, biologic, and immunologic adaptations needed to optimize mRNA technology to successfully treat cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L. Huff
- Department of Oncology
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center
- The Skip Viragh Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research and Clinical Care
- The Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, and
- The Cancer Convergence Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Elizabeth M. Jaffee
- Department of Oncology
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center
- The Skip Viragh Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research and Clinical Care
- The Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, and
- The Cancer Convergence Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Neeha Zaidi
- Department of Oncology
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center
- The Skip Viragh Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research and Clinical Care
- The Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, and
- The Cancer Convergence Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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6
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Delitto D, Zabransky DJ, Chen F, Thompson ED, Zimmerman JW, Armstrong TD, Leatherman JM, Suri R, Lopez-Vidal TY, Huff AL, Lyman MR, Guinn SR, Baretti M, Kagohara LT, Ho WJ, Azad NS, Burns WR, He J, Wolfgang CL, Burkhart RA, Zheng L, Yarchoan M, Zaidi N, Jaffee EM. Implantation of a neoantigen-targeted hydrogel vaccine prevents recurrence of pancreatic adenocarcinoma after incomplete resection. Oncoimmunology 2021; 10:2001159. [PMID: 34777919 PMCID: PMC8583296 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2021.2001159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor involvement of major vascular structures limits surgical options in pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC), which in turn limits opportunities for cure. Despite advances in locoregional approaches, there is currently no role for incomplete resection. This study evaluated a gelatinized neoantigen-targeted vaccine applied to a grossly positive resection margin in preventing local recurrence. Incomplete surgical resection was performed in mice bearing syngeneic flank Panc02 tumors, leaving a 1 mm rim adherent to the muscle bed. A previously validated vaccine consisting of neoantigen peptides, a stimulator of interferon genes (STING) agonist and AddaVaxTM (termed PancVax) was embedded in a hyaluronic acid hydrogel and applied to the tumor bed. Tumor remnants, regional lymph nodes, and spleens were analyzed using histology, flow cytometry, gene expression profiling, and ELISPOT assays. The immune microenvironment at the tumor margin after surgery alone was characterized by a transient influx of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), prolonged neutrophil influx, and near complete loss of cytotoxic T cells. Application of PancVax gel was associated with enhanced T cell activation in the draining lymph node and expansion of neoantigen-specific T cells in the spleen. Mice implanted with PancVax gel demonstrated no evidence of residual tumor at two weeks postoperatively and healed incisions at two months postoperatively without local recurrence. In summary, application of PancVax gel at a grossly positive tumor margin led to systemic expansion of neoantigen-specific T cells and effectively prevented local recurrence. These findings support further work into locoregional adjuncts to immune modulation in PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Delitto
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, USA.,Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Daniel J Zabransky
- The Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA.,The Skip Viragh Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research and Clinical Care, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA.,The Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Fangluo Chen
- The Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA.,The Skip Viragh Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research and Clinical Care, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA.,The Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Elizabeth D Thompson
- The Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA.,The Skip Viragh Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research and Clinical Care, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA.,The Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA.,Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Jacquelyn W Zimmerman
- The Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA.,The Skip Viragh Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research and Clinical Care, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA.,The Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Todd D Armstrong
- The Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA.,The Skip Viragh Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research and Clinical Care, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA.,The Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - James M Leatherman
- The Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA.,The Skip Viragh Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research and Clinical Care, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA.,The Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Reecha Suri
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA.,The Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA.,The Skip Viragh Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research and Clinical Care, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA.,The Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Tamara Y Lopez-Vidal
- The Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA.,The Skip Viragh Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research and Clinical Care, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA.,The Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Amanda L Huff
- The Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA.,The Skip Viragh Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research and Clinical Care, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA.,The Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Melissa R Lyman
- The Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA.,The Skip Viragh Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research and Clinical Care, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA.,The Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Samantha R Guinn
- The Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA.,The Skip Viragh Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research and Clinical Care, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA.,The Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Marina Baretti
- The Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA.,The Skip Viragh Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research and Clinical Care, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA.,The Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Luciane T Kagohara
- The Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA.,The Skip Viragh Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research and Clinical Care, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA.,The Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Won Jin Ho
- The Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA.,The Skip Viragh Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research and Clinical Care, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA.,The Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Nilofer S Azad
- The Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA.,The Skip Viragh Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research and Clinical Care, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA.,The Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - William R Burns
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA.,The Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA.,The Skip Viragh Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research and Clinical Care, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA.,The Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Jin He
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA.,The Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA.,The Skip Viragh Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research and Clinical Care, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA.,The Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | | | - Richard A Burkhart
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA.,The Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA.,The Skip Viragh Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research and Clinical Care, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA.,The Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Lei Zheng
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA.,The Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA.,The Skip Viragh Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research and Clinical Care, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA.,The Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Mark Yarchoan
- The Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA.,The Skip Viragh Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research and Clinical Care, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA.,The Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Neeha Zaidi
- The Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA.,The Skip Viragh Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research and Clinical Care, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA.,The Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Jaffee
- The Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA.,The Skip Viragh Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research and Clinical Care, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA.,The Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA.,Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
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7
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Kottke T, Tonne J, Evgin L, Driscoll CB, van Vloten J, Jennings VA, Huff AL, Zell B, Thompson JM, Wongthida P, Pulido J, Schuelke MR, Samson A, Selby P, Ilett E, McNiven M, Roberts LR, Borad MJ, Pandha H, Harrington K, Melcher A, Vile RG. Oncolytic virotherapy induced CSDE1 neo-antigenesis restricts VSV replication but can be targeted by immunotherapy. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1930. [PMID: 33772027 PMCID: PMC7997928 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22115-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In our clinical trials of oncolytic vesicular stomatitis virus expressing interferon beta (VSV-IFNβ), several patients achieved initial responses followed by aggressive relapse. We show here that VSV-IFNβ-escape tumors predictably express a point-mutated CSDE1P5S form of the RNA-binding Cold Shock Domain-containing E1 protein, which promotes escape as an inhibitor of VSV replication by disrupting viral transcription. Given time, VSV-IFNβ evolves a compensatory mutation in the P/M Inter-Genic Region which rescues replication in CSDE1P5S cells. These data show that CSDE1 is a major cellular co-factor for VSV replication. However, CSDE1P5S also generates a neo-epitope recognized by non-tolerized T cells. We exploit this predictable neo-antigenesis to drive, and trap, tumors into an escape phenotype, which can be ambushed by vaccination against CSDE1P5S, preventing tumor escape. Combining frontline therapy with escape-targeting immunotherapy will be applicable across multiple therapies which drive tumor mutation/evolution and simultaneously generate novel, targetable immunopeptidomes associated with acquired treatment resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Kottke
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jason Tonne
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Laura Evgin
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Jacob van Vloten
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Victoria A Jennings
- Chester Beatty Laboratories, Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Amanda L Huff
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Brady Zell
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jill M Thompson
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Jose Pulido
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Adel Samson
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Peter Selby
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Elizabeth Ilett
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Mark McNiven
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Lewis R Roberts
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Mitesh J Borad
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
| | - Hardev Pandha
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Kevin Harrington
- Chester Beatty Laboratories, Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Alan Melcher
- Chester Beatty Laboratories, Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Richard G Vile
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
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8
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Wongthida P, Schuelke MR, Driscoll CB, Kottke T, Thompson JM, Tonne J, Stone C, Huff AL, Wetmore C, Davies JA, Parker AL, Evgin L, Vile RG. Ad-CD40L mobilizes CD4 T cells for the treatment of brainstem tumors. Neuro Oncol 2020; 22:1757-1770. [PMID: 32459315 PMCID: PMC7746943 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noaa126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diffuse midline glioma, formerly DIPG (diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma), is the deadliest pediatric brainstem tumor with median survival of less than one year. Here, we investigated (i) whether direct delivery of adenovirus-expressing cluster of differentiation (CD)40 ligand (Ad-CD40L) to brainstem tumors would induce immune-mediated tumor clearance and (ii) if so, whether therapy would be associated with a manageable toxicity due to immune-mediated inflammation in the brainstem. METHODS Syngeneic gliomas in the brainstems of immunocompetent mice were treated with Ad-CD40L and survival, toxicity, and immune profiles determined. A clinically translatable vector, whose replication would be tightly restricted to tumor cells, rAd-Δ24-CD40L, was tested in human patient-derived diffuse midline gliomas and immunocompetent models. RESULTS Expression of Ad-CD40L restricted to brainstem gliomas by pre-infection induced complete rejection, associated with immune cell infiltration, of which CD4+ T cells were critical for therapy. Direct intratumoral injection of Ad-CD40L into established brainstem tumors improved survival and induced some complete cures but with some acute toxicity. RNA-sequencing analysis showed that Ad-CD40L therapy induced neuroinflammatory immune responses associated with interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor α. Therefore, to generate a vector whose replication, and transgene expression, would be tightly restricted to tumor cells, we constructed rAd-Δ24-CD40L, the backbone of which has already entered clinical trials for diffuse midline gliomas. Direct intratumoral injection of rAd-Δ24-CD40L, with systemic blockade of IL-6 and IL-1β, generated significant numbers of cures with readily manageable toxicity. CONCLUSIONS Virus-mediated delivery of CD40L has the potential to be effective in treating diffuse midline gliomas without obligatory neuroinflammation-associated toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Timothy Kottke
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Jill M Thompson
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Jason Tonne
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Cathy Stone
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Amanda L Huff
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Cynthia Wetmore
- Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Phoenix Children’s Hospital, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - James A Davies
- Division of Cancer and Genetics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Alan L Parker
- Division of Cancer and Genetics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Laura Evgin
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Richard G Vile
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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9
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Huff AL, Evgin L, Thompson J, Kottke T, Driscoll CB, Tonne J, Wongthida P, Schuelke M, Shim KG, Mer G, Ramirez-Alvarado M, Vile R. Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Encoding a Destabilized Tumor Antigen Improves Activation of Anti-tumor T Cell Responses. Mol Ther 2020; 28:2540-2552. [PMID: 32877695 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2020.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Enhancing the immunogenicity of tumor-associated antigens would represent a major advance for anti-tumor vaccination strategies. Here, we investigated structure-directed antigen destabilization as a strategy to improve the degradation, immunogenic epitope presentation, and T cell activation against a vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV)-encoded tumor antigen. We used the crystal structure of the model antigen ovalbumin to identify charge-disrupting amino acid mutations that were predicted to decrease the stability of the protein. One mutation, OVA-C12R, significantly reduced the half-life of the protein and was preferentially degraded in a 26-S proteasomal-dependent manner. The destabilized ovalbumin protein exhibited enhanced presentation of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I immunogenic epitope, SIINFEKL, on the surface of B16F10 cells or murine bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) in vitro. Enhanced presentation correlated with better recognition by cognate CD8 OT-I T cells as measured by activation, proliferation, and effector cytokine production. Finally, VSV encoding the degradation-prone antigen was better able to prime an antigen ovalbumin-specific CD8 T cell response in vivo without altering the anti-viral CD8 T cell response. Our studies highlight that not only is the choice of antigen in cancer vaccines of importance, but that emphasis should be placed on modifying antigen quality to ensure optimal priming of anti-tumor responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L Huff
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Laura Evgin
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Jill Thompson
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Tim Kottke
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Christopher B Driscoll
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Jason Tonne
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | | | | | - Kevin G Shim
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Georges Mer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Marina Ramirez-Alvarado
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Richard Vile
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, St James's University Hospital, Beckett Street, Leeds, West Yorkshire LS9 7TF, UK.
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10
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Evgin L, Huff AL, Wongthida P, Thompson J, Kottke T, Tonne J, Schuelke M, Ayasoufi K, Driscoll CB, Shim KG, Reynolds P, Monie DD, Johnson AJ, Coffey M, Young SL, Archer G, Sampson J, Pulido J, Perez LS, Vile R. Oncolytic virus-derived type I interferon restricts CAR T cell therapy. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3187. [PMID: 32581235 PMCID: PMC7314766 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17011-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The application of adoptive T cell therapies, including those using chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-modified T cells, to solid tumors requires combinatorial strategies to overcome immune suppression associated with the tumor microenvironment. Here we test whether the inflammatory nature of oncolytic viruses and their ability to remodel the tumor microenvironment may help to recruit and potentiate the functionality of CAR T cells. Contrary to our hypothesis, VSVmIFNβ infection is associated with attrition of murine EGFRvIII CAR T cells in a B16EGFRvIII model, despite inducing a robust proinflammatory shift in the chemokine profile. Mechanistically, type I interferon (IFN) expressed following infection promotes apoptosis, activation, and inhibitory receptor expression, and interferon-insensitive CAR T cells enable combinatorial therapy with VSVmIFNβ. Our study uncovers an unexpected mechanism of therapeutic interference, and prompts further investigation into the interaction between CAR T cells and oncolytic viruses to optimize combination therapy.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Apoptosis
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Chemokines/metabolism
- Combined Modality Therapy
- Female
- Immunotherapy, Adoptive
- Interferon-beta/genetics
- Interferon-beta/metabolism
- Lymphocyte Activation
- Melanoma, Experimental/immunology
- Melanoma, Experimental/therapy
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Mutant Strains
- Oncolytic Virotherapy
- Oncolytic Viruses/genetics
- Oncolytic Viruses/metabolism
- Receptor, Interferon alpha-beta/genetics
- Receptor, Interferon alpha-beta/metabolism
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/metabolism
- Receptors, Chimeric Antigen/metabolism
- Spleen/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Evgin
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Amanda L Huff
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Jill Thompson
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Tim Kottke
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jason Tonne
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | | | | | - Kevin G Shim
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Pierce Reynolds
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Dileep D Monie
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Matt Coffey
- Oncolytics Biotech Incorporated, Calgary, Canada
| | - Sarah L Young
- Department of Pathology, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Gary Archer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - John Sampson
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jose Pulido
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Richard Vile
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
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11
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Driscoll CB, Schuelke MR, Kottke T, Thompson JM, Wongthida P, Tonne JM, Huff AL, Miller A, Shim KG, Molan A, Wetmore C, Selby P, Samson A, Harrington K, Pandha H, Melcher A, Pulido JS, Harris R, Evgin L, Vile RG. APOBEC3B-mediated corruption of the tumor cell immunopeptidome induces heteroclitic neoepitopes for cancer immunotherapy. Nat Commun 2020; 11:790. [PMID: 32034147 PMCID: PMC7005822 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-14568-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
APOBEC3B, an anti-viral cytidine deaminase which induces DNA mutations, has been implicated as a mediator of cancer evolution and therapeutic resistance. Mutational plasticity also drives generation of neoepitopes, which prime anti-tumor T cells. Here, we show that overexpression of APOBEC3B in tumors increases resistance to chemotherapy, but simultaneously heightens sensitivity to immune checkpoint blockade in a murine model of melanoma. However, in the vaccine setting, APOBEC3B-mediated mutations reproducibly generate heteroclitic neoepitopes in vaccine cells which activate de novo T cell responses. These cross react against parental, unmodified tumors and lead to a high rate of cures in both subcutaneous and intra-cranial tumor models. Heteroclitic Epitope Activated Therapy (HEAT) dispenses with the need to identify patient specific neoepitopes and tumor reactive T cells ex vivo. Thus, actively driving a high mutational load in tumor cell vaccines increases their immunogenicity to drive anti-tumor therapy in combination with immune checkpoint blockade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher B Driscoll
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Virology and Gene Therapy Track, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Matthew R Schuelke
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Timothy Kottke
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Jill M Thompson
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | | | - Jason M Tonne
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Amanda L Huff
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Virology and Gene Therapy Track, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Amber Miller
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Kevin G Shim
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Amy Molan
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology & Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Cynthia Wetmore
- Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Phoenix Children's, Phoenix, AZ, 85016, USA
| | - Peter Selby
- Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology (LICAP), Faculty of Medicine and Health, St James' University Hospital, University of Leeds, West Yorkshire, UK
| | - Adel Samson
- Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology (LICAP), Faculty of Medicine and Health, St James' University Hospital, University of Leeds, West Yorkshire, UK
| | - Kevin Harrington
- Targeted Therapy Team, Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Hardev Pandha
- Postgraduate Medical School, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Alan Melcher
- Translational Immunotherapy Team, Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Jose S Pulido
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Reuben Harris
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology & Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Laura Evgin
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Richard G Vile
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
- Leeds Cancer Research UK Clinical Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, St James' University Hospital, University of Leeds, West Yorkshire, UK.
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12
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Schuelke MR, Wongthida P, Thompson J, Kottke T, Driscoll CB, Huff AL, Shim KG, Coffey M, Pulido J, Evgin L, Vile RG. Diverse immunotherapies can effectively treat syngeneic brainstem tumors in the absence of overt toxicity. J Immunother Cancer 2019; 7:188. [PMID: 31315671 PMCID: PMC6637625 DOI: 10.1186/s40425-019-0673-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunotherapy has shown remarkable clinical promise in the treatment of various types of cancers. However, clinical benefits derive from a highly inflammatory mechanism of action. This presents unique challenges for use in pediatric brainstem tumors including diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG), since treatment-related inflammation could cause catastrophic toxicity. Therefore, the goal of this study was to investigate whether inflammatory, immune-based therapies are likely to be too dangerous to pursue for the treatment of pediatric brainstem tumors. METHODS To complement previous immunotherapy studies using patient-derived xenografts in immunodeficient mice, we developed fully immunocompetent models of immunotherapy using transplantable, syngeneic tumors. These four models - HSVtk/GCV suicide gene immunotherapy, oncolytic viroimmunotherapy, adoptive T cell transfer, and CAR T cell therapy - have been optimized to treat tumors outside of the CNS and induce a broad spectrum of inflammatory profiles, maximizing the chances of observing brainstem toxicity. RESULTS All four models achieved anti-tumor efficacy in the absence of toxicity, with the exception of recombinant vaccinia virus expressing GMCSF, which demonstrated inflammatory toxicity. Histology, imaging, and flow cytometry confirmed the presence of brainstem inflammation in all models. Where used, the addition of immune checkpoint blockade did not introduce toxicity. CONCLUSIONS It remains imperative to regard the brainstem with caution for immunotherapeutic intervention. Nonetheless, we show that further careful development of immunotherapies for pediatric brainstem tumors is warranted to harness the potential potency of anti-tumor immune responses, despite their possible toxicity within this anatomically sensitive location.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Schuelke
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | | | - Jill Thompson
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Timothy Kottke
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | | | - Amanda L Huff
- Virology and Gene Therapy Track, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Kevin G Shim
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Matt Coffey
- Oncolytics Biotech, Inc., Calgary, AB, T2N 1X7, Canada
| | - Jose Pulido
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Laura Evgin
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Richard G Vile
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
- Leeds Cancer Research UK Clinical Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, St James' University Hospital, University of Leeds, West Yorkshire, UK.
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13
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Evgin L, Huff AL, Kottke T, Thompson J, Molan AM, Driscoll CB, Schuelke M, Shim KG, Wongthida P, Ilett EJ, Smith KK, Harris RS, Coffey M, Pulido JS, Pandha H, Selby PJ, Harrington KJ, Melcher A, Vile RG. Suboptimal T-cell Therapy Drives a Tumor Cell Mutator Phenotype That Promotes Escape from First-Line Treatment. Cancer Immunol Res 2019; 7:828-840. [PMID: 30940643 PMCID: PMC7003288 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-18-0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Antitumor T-cell responses raised by first-line therapies such as chemotherapy, radiation, tumor cell vaccines, and viroimmunotherapy tend to be weak, both quantitatively (low frequency) and qualitatively (low affinity). We show here that T cells that recognize tumor-associated antigens can directly kill tumor cells if used at high effector-to-target ratios. However, when these tumor-reactive T cells were present at suboptimal ratios, direct T-cell-mediated tumor cell killing was reduced and the ability of tumor cells to evolve away from a coapplied therapy (oncolytic or suicide gene therapy) was promoted. This T-cell-mediated increase in therapeutic resistance was associated with C to T transition mutations that are characteristic of APOBEC3 cytosine deaminase activity and was induced through a TNFα and protein kinase C-dependent pathway. Short hairpin RNA inhibition of endogenous APOBEC3 reduced rates of tumor escape from oncolytic virus or suicide gene therapy to those seen in the absence of antitumor T-cell coculture. Conversely, overexpression of human APOBEC3B in tumor cells enhanced escape from suicide gene therapy and oncolytic virus therapy both in vitro and in vivo Our data suggest that weak affinity or low frequency T-cell responses against tumor antigens may contribute to the ability of tumor cells to evolve away from first-line therapies. We conclude that immunotherapies need to be optimized as early as possible so that, if they do not kill the tumor completely, they do not promote treatment resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Evgin
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Amanda L Huff
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Timothy Kottke
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Jill Thompson
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Amy M Molan
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Institute for Molecular Virology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | | | | | - Kevin G Shim
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | | | - Elizabeth J Ilett
- Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, St. James' University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | | | - Reuben S Harris
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Institute for Molecular Virology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Matt Coffey
- Oncolytics Biotech Incorporated, Calgary, Canada
| | - Jose S Pulido
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Hardev Pandha
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Peter J Selby
- Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, St. James' University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | | | - Alan Melcher
- Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Richard G Vile
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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14
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Vile R, Evgin L, Kottke T, Schuelke M, Driscoll CB, Huff AL, Thompson J, Molan A, Harris RS, Pulido JS, Wongthida P. Abstract B138: Cancer immunotherapy with APOBEC3B-induced heteroclitic library tumor cell vaccines and immune checkpoint blockade. Cancer Immunol Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1158/2326-6074.cricimteatiaacr18-b138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
We have previously shown that a vesicular stomatitis virus-based cDNA library expressing xenogeneic altered self-epitopes led to T-cell mediated rejection of prostate cancer, glioma and melanoma. The use of a library of altered self-peptides which reflects the transcriptome of the tumor circumvents the necessity for a priori knowledge of which antigens may be immunogenic in a patient, and primes a polyclonal T-cell response that provides strong cumulative antitumor selective pressure. We have expanded this concept of altered-self library vaccination using tumor vaccines modified by the overexpression of APOBEC3B, a cytosine deaminase that generates C to T transition mutations. A freeze-thawed whole tumor cell vaccine prepared from B16 melanoma cells stably overexpressing human APOBEC3B treated established subcutaneous parental B16 tumors and, when combined with PD-1 checkpoint blockade, cured between 75%-100% of mice. T-cells from mice treated with the vaccine and anti-PD1 produced high levels of IFN-γ when restimulated with parental unmodified B16 melanoma cells in vitro. Whole-genome sequencing of B16APOBEC3B overexpressing cells identified 301 C to T or G to A missense mutations unique to the APOBEC3B line. Using an in silico MHC binding affinity algorithm, we identified and experimentally validated a short list of 10 APOBEC3B- induced heteroclitic peptides. We have also shown that this approach can be extended to an orthotopic brainstem model of high grade glioma. GL261 tumors stereotactically implanted into the brainstem were significantly responsive to treatment with an APOBEC3B- modified GL261 vaccine in combination with anti-PD-1 checkpoint blockade. In summary, when overexpressed in tumor cells, APOBEC3B generates a library of heteroclitic sequences that primes both CD4 and CD8 T-cells that have escaped central tolerance and that recognize both newly mutated antigens from the vaccine, and the corresponding unaltered self epitopes expressed on the tumor cells.
Citation Format: Richard Vile, Laura Evgin, Timothy Kottke, Matthew Schuelke, Christopher B. Driscoll, Amanda L. Huff, Jill Thompson, Amy Molan, Reuben S. Harris, Jose S. Pulido, Phonphimon Wongthida. Cancer immunotherapy with APOBEC3B-induced heteroclitic library tumor cell vaccines and immune checkpoint blockade [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Fourth CRI-CIMT-EATI-AACR International Cancer Immunotherapy Conference: Translating Science into Survival; Sept 30-Oct 3, 2018; New York, NY. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2019;7(2 Suppl):Abstract nr B138.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Vile
- Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Mayo Medical School, Rochester, MNl Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rochester, MN; University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Laura Evgin
- Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Mayo Medical School, Rochester, MNl Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rochester, MN; University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Timothy Kottke
- Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Mayo Medical School, Rochester, MNl Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rochester, MN; University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Matthew Schuelke
- Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Mayo Medical School, Rochester, MNl Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rochester, MN; University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Christopher B. Driscoll
- Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Mayo Medical School, Rochester, MNl Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rochester, MN; University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Amanda L. Huff
- Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Mayo Medical School, Rochester, MNl Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rochester, MN; University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Jill Thompson
- Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Mayo Medical School, Rochester, MNl Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rochester, MN; University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Amy Molan
- Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Mayo Medical School, Rochester, MNl Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rochester, MN; University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Reuben S. Harris
- Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Mayo Medical School, Rochester, MNl Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rochester, MN; University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Jose S. Pulido
- Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Mayo Medical School, Rochester, MNl Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rochester, MN; University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Phonphimon Wongthida
- Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Mayo Medical School, Rochester, MNl Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rochester, MN; University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
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15
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Evgin L, Huff AL, Wongthida P, Thompson J, Kottke T, Sampson J, Perez LS, Vile R. Abstract A029: Unexpected antagonism between oncolytic virus derived type I interferon and EGFRvIII CAR T-cells. Cancer Immunol Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1158/2326-6074.cricimteatiaacr18-a029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Although the chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell platform has experienced clinical success in patients with hematologic malignancies, CAR T-cells specific to solid tumor targets have met with more limited efficacy. The highly inflammatory nature of oncolytic viruses and their ability to remodel the tumor microenvironment suggested to us that they would provide a complementary mechanism of action to both recruit and potentiate the functionality of CAR T-cells. VSVmIFNβ injection into B16EGFRvIII tumors increased the expression of chemokines such as CXCL10 and CCL5, which we would expect to recruit CXCR3+and CCR5+ EGFRvIII specific murine CAR T-cells. However, we did not observe an increase in overall survival or tumor control using the combination strategy compared to monotherapy with CAR T-cells. We recovered fewer viable CD8+ CAR T-cells from tumors injected with VSVmIFNβ early after adoptive transfer, and observed a similar reduction in the number of CD8+ CAR T-cells which persisted long term in the blood. We have shown that type I interferon increases the expression of the CAR from the retroviral LTR and in turn sensitizes these cells to tonic signaling mediated exhaustion and apoptosis. Correspondingly, CAR T-cells prepared from IFNAR KO T-cells were protected from the deleterious effect of type I IFN in vivo. We are currently investigating strategies to overcome the interference between these two modalities and to uncouple the regulation of the expression of the CAR from type I IFN signaling.
Citation Format: Laura Evgin, Amanda L. Huff, Phonphimon Wongthida, Jill Thompson, Timothy Kottke, John Sampson, Luis Sanchez Perez, Richard Vile. Unexpected antagonism between oncolytic virus derived type I interferon and EGFRvIII CAR T-cells [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Fourth CRI-CIMT-EATI-AACR International Cancer Immunotherapy Conference: Translating Science into Survival; Sept 30-Oct 3, 2018; New York, NY. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2019;7(2 Suppl):Abstract nr A029.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Evgin
- Mayo Clinic, Rochester, NY; Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Amanda L. Huff
- Mayo Clinic, Rochester, NY; Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | | | - Jill Thompson
- Mayo Clinic, Rochester, NY; Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Timothy Kottke
- Mayo Clinic, Rochester, NY; Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - John Sampson
- Mayo Clinic, Rochester, NY; Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | | | - Richard Vile
- Mayo Clinic, Rochester, NY; Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
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16
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Huff AL, Wongthida P, Kottke T, Thompson JM, Driscoll CB, Schuelke M, Shim KG, Harris RS, Molan A, Pulido JS, Selby PJ, Harrington KJ, Melcher A, Evgin L, Vile RG. APOBEC3 Mediates Resistance to Oncolytic Viral Therapy. Mol Ther Oncolytics 2018; 11:1-13. [PMID: 30294666 PMCID: PMC6169432 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2018.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor cells frequently evade applied therapies through the accumulation of genomic mutations and rapid evolution. In the case of oncolytic virotherapy, understanding the mechanisms by which cancer cells develop resistance to infection and lysis is critical to the development of more effective viral-based platforms. Here, we identify APOBEC3 as an important factor that restricts the potency of oncolytic vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV). We show that VSV infection of B16 murine melanoma cells upregulated APOBEC3 in an IFN-β-dependent manner, which was responsible for the evolution of virus-resistant cell populations and suggested that APOBEC3 expression promoted the acquisition of a virus-resistant phenotype. Knockdown of APOBEC3 in B16 cells diminished their capacity to develop resistance to VSV infection in vitro and enhanced the therapeutic effect of VSV in vivo. Similarly, overexpression of human APOBEC3B promoted the acquisition of resistance to oncolytic VSV both in vitro and in vivo. Finally, we demonstrate that APOBEC3B expression had a direct effect on the fitness of VSV, an RNA virus that has not previously been identified as restricted by APOBEC3B. This research identifies APOBEC3 enzymes as key players to target in order to improve the efficacy of viral or broader nucleic acid-based therapeutic platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L. Huff
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | | | - Timothy Kottke
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Jill M. Thompson
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | | | | | - Kevin G. Shim
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Reuben S. Harris
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Institute for Molecular Virology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Amy Molan
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Institute for Molecular Virology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Jose S. Pulido
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Peter J. Selby
- Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, St James’s University Hospital, Beckett Street, Leeds, West Yorkshire LS9 7TF, UK
| | | | | | - Laura Evgin
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Richard G. Vile
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, St James’s University Hospital, Beckett Street, Leeds, West Yorkshire LS9 7TF, UK
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17
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Abstract
Patients with the syndrome of chronic daily headache often report migrainous symptoms and consequently are diagnosed as having a primary headache syndrome. We report two cases of idiopathic intracranial hypertension causing chronic daily headache with migrainous features in the absence of associated papilledema.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Huff
- Department of Neurology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, USA
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