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Zhao J, Wang B, Ta S, Lu X, Zhao X, Liu J, Yuan J, Wang J, Liu L. Association between Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy and Variations in Sarcomere Gene and Calcium Channel Gene in Adults. Cardiology 2024:1-11. [PMID: 38615672 DOI: 10.1159/000538747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Calcium channel gene variations have been reported to be associated with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) in family, but the relationship between calcium channel gene variations and HCM remains undefined in the population. METHODS A total of 719 HCM unrelated patients were initially enrolled. Finally, 371 patients were identified based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, including 145 patients with gene negative, 28 patients with a single rare calcium channel gene variation (calcium gene variation), 162 patients with a single pathogenic/likely pathogenic sarcomere gene variation (sarcomere gene variation) and 36 patients with a single pathogenic/likely pathogenic sarcomere gene variation and a single rare calcium channel gene variation (double gene variations). Then the demographic, electrocardiographic, echocardiographic, and follow-up data were collected. RESULTS Patients with double gene variations were at an earlier age and had more percent of family history of HCM, and had thicker walls, higher left ventricular outflow tract pressure gradient, more pathological Q waves, and more bundle branch blocks as compared with those with single sarcomere gene variation. During the follow-up period, patients with double gene variations had more primary endpoints than the other three groups (p = 0.0013). Multivariate analysis showed that double gene variations were the independent predictor of primary endpoint events in patients (HR: 4.82, 95% CI: 1.77-13.2; p = 0.002). CONCLUSION We found that patients with double gene variations had more severe HCM phenotype and prognosis. The pathogenesis effects of sarcomere gene variation and calcium channel gene variation may be cumulative in HCM populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Zhao
- Department of Ultrasound, Xijing Hospital, Xijing Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Center, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, China,
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, Xijing Hospital, Xijing Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Center, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shengjun Ta
- Department of Ultrasound, Xijing Hospital, Xijing Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Center, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaonan Lu
- Department of Ultrasound, Xijing Hospital, Xijing Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Center, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xueli Zhao
- Department of Ultrasound, Xijing Hospital, Xijing Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Center, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiao Liu
- Department of Ultrasound, Xijing Hospital, Xijing Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Center, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiarui Yuan
- Department of Ultrasound, Xijing Hospital, Xijing Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Center, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, Xijing Hospital, Xijing Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Center, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Liwen Liu
- Department of Ultrasound, Xijing Hospital, Xijing Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Center, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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Šeflová J, Schwarz JA, Smith AN, Svensson B, Blackwell DJ, Phillips TA, Nikolaienko R, Bovo E, Rebbeck RT, Zima AV, Thomas DD, Van Petegem F, Knollmann BC, Johnston JN, Robia SL, Cornea RL. RyR2 Binding of an Antiarrhythmic Cyclic Depsipeptide Mapped Using Confocal Fluorescence Lifetime Detection of FRET. ACS Chem Biol 2023; 18:2290-2299. [PMID: 37769131 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.3c00376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Hyperactivity of cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) ryanodine receptor (RyR2) Ca2+-release channels contributes to heart failure and arrhythmias. Reducing the RyR2 activity, particularly during cardiac relaxation (diastole), is a desirable therapeutic goal. We previously reported that the unnatural enantiomer (ent) of an insect-RyR activator, verticilide, inhibits porcine and mouse RyR2 at diastolic (nanomolar) Ca2+ and has in vivo efficacy against atrial and ventricular arrhythmia. To determine the ent-verticilide structural mode of action on RyR2 and guide its further development via medicinal chemistry structure-activity relationship studies, here, we used fluorescence lifetime (FLT)-measurements of Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) in HEK293 cells expressing human RyR2. For these studies, we used an RyR-specific FRET molecular-toolkit and computational methods for trilateration (i.e., using distances to locate a point of interest). Multiexponential analysis of FLT-FRET measurements between four donor-labeled FKBP12.6 variants and acceptor-labeled ent-verticilide yielded distance relationships placing the acceptor probe at two candidate loci within the RyR2 cryo-EM map. One locus is within the Ry12 domain (at the corner periphery of the RyR2 tetrameric complex). The other locus is sandwiched at the interface between helical domain 1 and the SPRY3 domain. These findings document RyR2-target engagement by ent-verticilide, reveal new insight into the mechanism of action of this new class of RyR2-targeting drug candidate, and can serve as input in future computational determinations of the ent-verticilide binding site on RyR2 that will inform structure-activity studies for lead optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaroslava Šeflová
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60153, United States
| | - Jacob A Schwarz
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Abigail N Smith
- Department of Chemistry & Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Bengt Svensson
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Daniel J Blackwell
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Taylor A Phillips
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60153, United States
| | - Roman Nikolaienko
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60153, United States
| | - Elisa Bovo
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60153, United States
| | - Robyn T Rebbeck
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Aleksey V Zima
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60153, United States
| | - David D Thomas
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Filip Van Petegem
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Life Sciences Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Björn C Knollmann
- Department of Chemistry & Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Jeffrey N Johnston
- Department of Chemistry & Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Seth L Robia
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60153, United States
| | - Răzvan L Cornea
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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Zhang K, Wang S, Li X, Cui H, Lai Y. Mechanism of Ion Channel Impairment in the Occurrence of Arrhythmia in Patients with Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy. Cardiol Rev 2023:00045415-990000000-00161. [PMID: 37812010 DOI: 10.1097/crd.0000000000000612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Sudden cardiac death is the most unpredictable and devastating consequence of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, most often caused by persistent ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation. Although myocardial hypertrophy, fibrosis, and microvascular disorders are the main mechanisms of persistent reentrant ventricular arrhythmias in patients with advanced hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, the cardiomyocyte mechanism based on ion channel abnormalities may play an important role in the early stages of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Zhang
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery
- The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Shengwei Wang
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery
- The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Cui
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery
- The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Yongqiang Lai
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery
- The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, China
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4
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Ni M, Li Y, Wei J, Song Z, Wang H, Yao J, Chen YX, Belke D, Estillore JP, Wang R, Vallmitjana A, Benitez R, Hove-Madsen L, Feng W, Chen J, Roston TM, Sanatani S, Lehman A, Chen SRW. Increased Ca 2+ Transient Underlies RyR2-Related Left Ventricular Noncompaction. Circ Res 2023; 133:177-192. [PMID: 37325910 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.123.322504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A loss-of-function cardiac ryanodine receptor (RyR2) mutation, I4855M+/-, has recently been linked to a new cardiac disorder termed RyR2 Ca2+ release deficiency syndrome (CRDS) as well as left ventricular noncompaction (LVNC). The mechanism by which RyR2 loss-of-function causes CRDS has been extensively studied, but the mechanism underlying RyR2 loss-of-function-associated LVNC is unknown. Here, we determined the impact of a CRDS-LVNC-associated RyR2-I4855M+/- loss-of-function mutation on cardiac structure and function. METHODS We generated a mouse model expressing the CRDS-LVNC-associated RyR2-I4855M+/- mutation. Histological analysis, echocardiography, ECG recording, and intact heart Ca2+ imaging were performed to characterize the structural and functional consequences of the RyR2-I4855M+/- mutation. RESULTS As in humans, RyR2-I4855M+/- mice displayed LVNC characterized by cardiac hypertrabeculation and noncompaction. RyR2-I4855M+/- mice were highly susceptible to electrical stimulation-induced ventricular arrhythmias but protected from stress-induced ventricular arrhythmias. Unexpectedly, the RyR2-I4855M+/- mutation increased the peak Ca2+ transient but did not alter the L-type Ca2+ current, suggesting an increase in Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release gain. The RyR2-I4855M+/- mutation abolished sarcoplasmic reticulum store overload-induced Ca2+ release or Ca2+ leak, elevated sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ load, prolonged Ca2+ transient decay, and elevated end-diastolic Ca2+ level upon rapid pacing. Immunoblotting revealed increased level of phosphorylated CaMKII (Ca2+-calmodulin dependent protein kinases II) but unchanged levels of CaMKII, calcineurin, and other Ca2+ handling proteins in the RyR2-I4855M+/- mutant compared with wild type. CONCLUSIONS The RyR2-I4855M+/- mutant mice represent the first RyR2-associated LVNC animal model that recapitulates the CRDS-LVNC overlapping phenotype in humans. The RyR2-I4855M+/- mutation increases the peak Ca2+ transient by increasing the Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release gain and the end-diastolic Ca2+ level by prolonging Ca2+ transient decay. Our data suggest that the increased peak-systolic and end-diastolic Ca2+ levels may underlie RyR2-associated LVNC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingke Ni
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Libin Cardiovascular Institute, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada (M.N., Y.L., J.W., Z.S., H.W., J.Y., Y.-X.C., D.B., J.P.E., R.W., S.R.W.C.)
| | - Yanhui Li
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Libin Cardiovascular Institute, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada (M.N., Y.L., J.W., Z.S., H.W., J.Y., Y.-X.C., D.B., J.P.E., R.W., S.R.W.C.)
| | - Jinhong Wei
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Libin Cardiovascular Institute, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada (M.N., Y.L., J.W., Z.S., H.W., J.Y., Y.-X.C., D.B., J.P.E., R.W., S.R.W.C.)
- School of Medicine, Northwest University, Xi 'an, China (J.W.)
| | - Zhenpeng Song
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Libin Cardiovascular Institute, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada (M.N., Y.L., J.W., Z.S., H.W., J.Y., Y.-X.C., D.B., J.P.E., R.W., S.R.W.C.)
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Libin Cardiovascular Institute, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada (M.N., Y.L., J.W., Z.S., H.W., J.Y., Y.-X.C., D.B., J.P.E., R.W., S.R.W.C.)
| | - Jinjing Yao
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Libin Cardiovascular Institute, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada (M.N., Y.L., J.W., Z.S., H.W., J.Y., Y.-X.C., D.B., J.P.E., R.W., S.R.W.C.)
| | - Yong-Xiang Chen
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Libin Cardiovascular Institute, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada (M.N., Y.L., J.W., Z.S., H.W., J.Y., Y.-X.C., D.B., J.P.E., R.W., S.R.W.C.)
| | - Darrell Belke
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Libin Cardiovascular Institute, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada (M.N., Y.L., J.W., Z.S., H.W., J.Y., Y.-X.C., D.B., J.P.E., R.W., S.R.W.C.)
| | - John Paul Estillore
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Libin Cardiovascular Institute, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada (M.N., Y.L., J.W., Z.S., H.W., J.Y., Y.-X.C., D.B., J.P.E., R.W., S.R.W.C.)
| | - Ruiwu Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Libin Cardiovascular Institute, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada (M.N., Y.L., J.W., Z.S., H.W., J.Y., Y.-X.C., D.B., J.P.E., R.W., S.R.W.C.)
| | - Alexander Vallmitjana
- Department of Automatic Control, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain (A.V., R.B.)
| | - Raul Benitez
- Department of Automatic Control, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain (A.V., R.B.)
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IRSJD), Barcelona, Spain (R.B.)
| | - Leif Hove-Madsen
- Biomedical Research Institute Barcelona IIBB-CSIC, IIB Sant Pau and CIBERCV, Hospital de Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain (L.H.-M.)
| | - Wei Feng
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (W.F., J.C.)
| | - Ju Chen
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (W.F., J.C.)
| | - Thomas M Roston
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics (T.M.R., S.S.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Shubhayan Sanatani
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics (T.M.R., S.S.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Anna Lehman
- Department of Medical Genetics (A.L.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - S R Wayne Chen
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Libin Cardiovascular Institute, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada (M.N., Y.L., J.W., Z.S., H.W., J.Y., Y.-X.C., D.B., J.P.E., R.W., S.R.W.C.)
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5
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Calcium Handling in Inherited Cardiac Diseases: A Focus on Catecholaminergic Polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia and Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043365. [PMID: 36834774 PMCID: PMC9963263 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+) is the major mediator of cardiac contractile function. It plays a key role in regulating excitation-contraction coupling and modulating the systolic and diastolic phases. Defective handling of intracellular Ca2+ can cause different types of cardiac dysfunction. Thus, the remodeling of Ca2+ handling has been proposed to be a part of the pathological mechanism leading to electrical and structural heart diseases. Indeed, to ensure appropriate electrical cardiac conduction and contraction, Ca2+ levels are regulated by several Ca2+-related proteins. This review focuses on the genetic etiology of cardiac diseases related to calcium mishandling. We will approach the subject by focalizing on two clinical entities: catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT) as a cardiac channelopathy and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) as a primary cardiomyopathy. Further, this review will illustrate the fact that despite the genetic and allelic heterogeneity of cardiac defects, calcium-handling perturbations are the common pathophysiological mechanism. The newly identified calcium-related genes and the genetic overlap between the associated heart diseases are also discussed in this review.
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Wei J, Guo W, Wang R, Paul Estillore J, Belke D, Chen YX, Vallmitjana A, Benitez R, Hove-Madsen L, Chen SRW. RyR2 Serine-2030 PKA Site Governs Ca 2+ Release Termination and Ca 2+ Alternans. Circ Res 2023; 132:e59-e77. [PMID: 36583384 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.122.321177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND PKA (protein kinase A)-mediated phosphorylation of cardiac RyR2 (ryanodine receptor 2) has been extensively studied for decades, but the physiological significance of PKA phosphorylation of RyR2 remains poorly understood. Recent determination of high-resolution 3-dimensional structure of RyR2 in complex with CaM (calmodulin) reveals that the major PKA phosphorylation site in RyR2, serine-2030 (S2030), is located within a structural pathway of CaM-dependent inactivation of RyR2. This novel structural insight points to a possible role of PKA phosphorylation of RyR2 in CaM-dependent inactivation of RyR2, which underlies the termination of Ca2+ release and induction of cardiac Ca2+ alternans. METHODS We performed single-cell endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ imaging to assess the impact of S2030 mutations on Ca2+ release termination in human embryonic kidney 293 cells. Here we determined the role of the PKA site RyR2-S2030 in a physiological setting, we generated a novel mouse model harboring the S2030L mutation and carried out confocal Ca2+ imaging. RESULTS We found that mutations, S2030D, S2030G, S2030L, S2030V, and S2030W reduced the endoplasmic reticulum luminal Ca2+ level at which Ca2+ release terminates (the termination threshold), whereas S2030P and S2030R increased the termination threshold. S2030A and S2030T had no significant impact on release termination. Furthermore, CaM-wild-type increased, whereas Ca2+ binding deficient CaM mutant (CaM-M [a loss-of-function CaM mutation with all 4 EF-hand motifs mutated]), PKA, and Ca2+/CaMKII (CaM-dependent protein kinase II) reduced the termination threshold. The S2030L mutation abolished the actions of CaM-wild-type, CaM-M, and PKA, but not CaMKII, in Ca2+ release termination. Moreover, we showed that isoproterenol and CaM-M suppressed pacing-induced Ca2+ alternans and accelerated Ca2+ transient recovery in intact working hearts, whereas CaM-wild-type exerted an opposite effect. The impact of isoproterenol was partially and fully reversed by the PKA inhibitor N-[2-(p-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl]-5-isoquinoline-sulfonamide and the CaMKII inhibitor N-[2-[N-(4-chlorocinnamyl)-N-methylaminomethyl]phenyl]-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-methoxybenzenesulfonamide individually and together, respectively. S2030L abolished the impact of CaM-wild-type, CaM-M, and N-[2-(p-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl]-5-isoquinoline-sulfonamide-sensitive component, but not the N-[2-[N-(4-chlorocinnamyl)-N-methylaminomethyl]phenyl]-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-methoxybenzenesulfonamide-sensitive component, of isoproterenol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhong Wei
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Libin Cardiovascular Institute, University of Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada (J.W., W.G., R.W., J.P.E., D.B., Y.-X.C., S.R.W.C.).,School of Medicine, Northwest University, Xi 'an, China (J.W.)
| | - Wenting Guo
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Libin Cardiovascular Institute, University of Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada (J.W., W.G., R.W., J.P.E., D.B., Y.-X.C., S.R.W.C.)
| | - Ruiwu Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Libin Cardiovascular Institute, University of Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada (J.W., W.G., R.W., J.P.E., D.B., Y.-X.C., S.R.W.C.)
| | - John Paul Estillore
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Libin Cardiovascular Institute, University of Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada (J.W., W.G., R.W., J.P.E., D.B., Y.-X.C., S.R.W.C.)
| | - Darrell Belke
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Libin Cardiovascular Institute, University of Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada (J.W., W.G., R.W., J.P.E., D.B., Y.-X.C., S.R.W.C.)
| | - Yong-Xiang Chen
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Libin Cardiovascular Institute, University of Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada (J.W., W.G., R.W., J.P.E., D.B., Y.-X.C., S.R.W.C.)
| | | | - Raul Benitez
- Department of Automatic Control, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 08034 Barcelona, Spain (A.V., R.B.)
| | - Leif Hove-Madsen
- Biomedical Research Institute Barcelona IIBB-CSIC, IIB Sant Pau and CIBERCV, Hospital de Sant Pau, 08025, Barcelona, Spain (L.H.-M.)
| | - S R Wayne Chen
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Libin Cardiovascular Institute, University of Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada (J.W., W.G., R.W., J.P.E., D.B., Y.-X.C., S.R.W.C.)
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7
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Stevens TL, Manring HR, Wallace MJ, Argall A, Dew T, Papaioannou P, Antwi-Boasiako S, Xu X, Campbell SG, Akar FG, Borzok MA, Hund TJ, Mohler PJ, Koenig SN, El Refaey M. Humanized Dsp ACM Mouse Model Displays Stress-Induced Cardiac Electrical and Structural Phenotypes. Cells 2022; 11:3049. [PMID: 36231013 PMCID: PMC9562631 DOI: 10.3390/cells11193049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM) is an inherited disorder characterized by fibro-fatty infiltration with an increased propensity for ventricular arrhythmias and sudden death. Genetic variants in desmosomal genes are associated with ACM. Incomplete penetrance is a common feature in ACM families, complicating the understanding of how external stressors contribute towards disease development. To analyze the dual role of genetics and external stressors on ACM progression, we developed one of the first mouse models of ACM that recapitulates a human variant by introducing the murine equivalent of the human R451G variant into endogenous desmoplakin (DspR451G/+). Mice homozygous for this variant displayed embryonic lethality. While DspR451G/+ mice were viable with reduced expression of DSP, no presentable arrhythmogenic or structural phenotypes were identified at baseline. However, increased afterload resulted in reduced cardiac performance, increased chamber dilation, and accelerated progression to heart failure. In addition, following catecholaminergic challenge, DspR451G/+ mice displayed frequent and prolonged arrhythmic events. Finally, aberrant localization of connexin-43 was noted in the DspR451G/+ mice at baseline, becoming more apparent following cardiac stress via pressure overload. In summary, cardiovascular stress is a key trigger for unmasking both electrical and structural phenotypes in one of the first humanized ACM mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler L. Stevens
- Frick Center for Heart Failure and Arrhythmia Research, The Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Heather R. Manring
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Michael J. Wallace
- Frick Center for Heart Failure and Arrhythmia Research, The Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Aaron Argall
- Frick Center for Heart Failure and Arrhythmia Research, The Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Trevor Dew
- Frick Center for Heart Failure and Arrhythmia Research, The Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Peter Papaioannou
- Frick Center for Heart Failure and Arrhythmia Research, The Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiac Surgery, The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Steve Antwi-Boasiako
- Frick Center for Heart Failure and Arrhythmia Research, The Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Xianyao Xu
- Frick Center for Heart Failure and Arrhythmia Research, The Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Stuart G. Campbell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Fadi G. Akar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Maegen A. Borzok
- Biochemistry, Chemistry, Engineering, and Physics Department, Commonwealth University of Pennsylvania, Mansfield, PA 16933, USA
| | - Thomas J. Hund
- Frick Center for Heart Failure and Arrhythmia Research, The Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Peter J. Mohler
- Frick Center for Heart Failure and Arrhythmia Research, The Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Sara N. Koenig
- Frick Center for Heart Failure and Arrhythmia Research, The Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Mona El Refaey
- Frick Center for Heart Failure and Arrhythmia Research, The Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiac Surgery, The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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8
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Shen H, Dong SY, Ren MS, Wang R. Ventricular arrhythmia and sudden cardiac death in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: From bench to bedside. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:949294. [PMID: 36061538 PMCID: PMC9433716 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.949294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) mostly experience minimal symptoms throughout their lifetime, and some individuals have an increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death (SCD). How to identify patients with a higher risk of ventricular arrythmias and SCD is the priority in HCM research. The American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) and the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) both recommend the use of risk algorithms to identify patients at high risk of ventricular arrhythmias, to be selected for implantation of implantable cardioverters/defibrillators (ICDs) for primary prevention of SCD, although major discrepancies exist. The present SCD risk scoring systems cannot accurately identify early-stage HCM patients with modest structural remodeling and mild disease manifestations. Unfortunately, SCD events could occur in young asymptomatic HCM patients and even as initial symptoms, prompting the determination of new risk factors for SCD. This review summarizes the studies based on patients' surgical specimens, transgenic animals, and patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) to explore the possible molecular mechanism of ventricular arrhythmia and SCD. Ion channel remodeling, Ca2+ homeostasis abnormalities, and increased myofilament Ca2+ sensitivity may contribute to changes in action potential duration (APD), reentry circuit formation, and trigger activities, such as early aferdepolarization (EAD) or delayed afterdepolarization (DAD), leading to ventricular arrhythmia in HCM. Besides the ICD implantation, novel drugs represented by the late sodium current channel inhibitor and myosin inhibitor also shed light on the prevention of HCM-related arrhythmias. The ideal prevention strategy of SCD in early-stage HCM patients needs to be combined with gene screening, hiPSC-CM testing, machine learning, and advanced ECG studies, thus achieving individualized SCD prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Shen
- Division of Adult Cardiac Surgery, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Sixth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shi-Yong Dong
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ming-Shi Ren
- Division of Adult Cardiac Surgery, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Sixth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Graduate School, Chinese PLA General Hospital & Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing, China
| | - Rong Wang
- Division of Adult Cardiac Surgery, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Sixth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Rong Wang
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9
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Molecular, Subcellular, and Arrhythmogenic Mechanisms in Genetic RyR2 Disease. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12081030. [PMID: 35892340 PMCID: PMC9394283 DOI: 10.3390/biom12081030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The ryanodine receptor (RyR2) has a critical role in controlling Ca2+ release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) throughout the cardiac cycle. RyR2 protein has multiple functional domains with specific roles, and four of these RyR2 protomers are required to form the quaternary structure that comprises the functional channel. Numerous mutations in the gene encoding RyR2 protein have been identified and many are linked to a wide spectrum of arrhythmic heart disease. Gain of function mutations (GoF) result in a hyperactive channel that causes excessive spontaneous SR Ca2+ release. This is the predominant cause of the inherited syndrome catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT). Recently, rare hypoactive loss of function (LoF) mutations have been identified that produce atypical effects on cardiac Ca2+ handling that has been termed calcium release deficiency syndrome (CRDS). Aberrant Ca2+ release resulting from both GoF and LoF mutations can result in arrhythmias through the Na+/Ca2+ exchange mechanism. This mini-review discusses recent findings regarding the role of RyR2 domains and endogenous regulators that influence RyR2 gating normally and with GoF/LoF mutations. The arrhythmogenic consequences of GoF/LoF mutations will then be discussed at the macromolecular and cellular level.
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10
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Asif M, Kaygusuz E, Shinawi M, Nickelsen A, Hsieh TC, Wagle P, Budde BS, Hochscherf J, Abdullah U, Höning S, Nienberg C, Lindenblatt D, Noegel AA, Altmüller J, Thiele H, Motameny S, Fleischer N, Segal I, Pais L, Tinschert S, Samra NN, Savatt JM, Rudy NL, De Luca C, Paola Fortugno, White SM, Krawitz P, Hurst ACE, Niefind K, Jose J, Brancati F, Nürnberg P, Hussain MS. De novo variants of CSNK2B cause a new intellectual disability-craniodigital syndrome by disrupting the canonical Wnt signaling pathway. HGG ADVANCES 2022; 3:100111. [PMID: 35571680 PMCID: PMC9092267 DOI: 10.1016/j.xhgg.2022.100111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
CSNK2B encodes for casein kinase II subunit beta (CK2β), the regulatory subunit of casein kinase II (CK2), which is known to mediate diverse cellular pathways. Variants in this gene have been recently identified as a cause of Poirier-Bienvenu neurodevelopmental syndrome (POBINDS), but functional evidence is sparse. Here, we report five unrelated individuals: two of them manifesting POBINDS, while three are identified to segregate a new intellectual disability-craniodigital syndrome (IDCS), distinct from POBINDS. The three IDCS individuals carried two different de novo missense variants affecting the same codon of CSNK2B. Both variants, NP_001311.3; p.Asp32His and NP_001311.3; p.Asp32Asn, lead to an upregulation of CSNK2B expression at transcript and protein level, along with global dysregulation of canonical Wnt signaling. We found impaired interaction of the two key players DVL3 and β-catenin with mutated CK2β. The variants compromise the kinase activity of CK2 as evident by a marked reduction of phosphorylated β-catenin and consequent absence of active β-catenin inside nuclei of the patient-derived lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs). In line with these findings, whole-transcriptome profiling of patient-derived LCLs harboring the NP_001311.3; p.Asp32His variant confirmed a marked difference in expression of genes involved in the Wnt signaling pathway. In addition, whole-phosphoproteome analysis of the LCLs of the same subject showed absence of phosphorylation for 313 putative CK2 substrates, enriched in the regulation of nuclear β-catenin and transcription of the target genes. Our findings suggest that discrete variants in CSNK2B cause dominant-negative perturbation of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway, leading to a new craniodigital syndrome distinguishable from POBINDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Asif
- Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG), University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany.,Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Emrah Kaygusuz
- Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany.,Bilecik Şeyh Edebali University, Molecular Biology and Genetics, Gülümbe Campus, 11230 Bilecik, Turkey
| | - Marwan Shinawi
- Division of Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Anna Nickelsen
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Westphalian Wilhelms-University, Münster, Germany
| | - Tzung-Chien Hsieh
- Institute for Genomic Statistics and Bioinformatics, University Hospital Bonn, Rheinische Friedrich Wilhelms, Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Prerana Wagle
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Birgit S Budde
- Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG), University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Jennifer Hochscherf
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Uzma Abdullah
- University Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology (UIBB), PMAS-Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Stefan Höning
- Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Christian Nienberg
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Westphalian Wilhelms-University, Münster, Germany
| | - Dirk Lindenblatt
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Angelika A Noegel
- Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Janine Altmüller
- Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG), University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Core Facility Genomics, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.,Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Holger Thiele
- Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG), University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Susanne Motameny
- Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG), University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | | | | | - Lynn Pais
- Center for Mendelian Genomics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Sigrid Tinschert
- Zentrum Medizinische Genetik, Medizinische Universität, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Nadra Nasser Samra
- Hospital Center, Safed, Israel.,Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | | | - Natasha L Rudy
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Chiara De Luca
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Science, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | | | - Paola Fortugno
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Science, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy.,IRCCS, San Raffaele Roma, 00163 Roma, Italy
| | - Susan M White
- Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Peter Krawitz
- Institute for Genomic Statistics and Bioinformatics, University Hospital Bonn, Rheinische Friedrich Wilhelms, Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Anna C E Hurst
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Karsten Niefind
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Joachim Jose
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Westphalian Wilhelms-University, Münster, Germany
| | - Francesco Brancati
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Science, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy.,IRCCS, San Raffaele Roma, 00163 Roma, Italy
| | - Peter Nürnberg
- Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG), University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Muhammad Sajid Hussain
- Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG), University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany.,Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
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11
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Blackwell DJ, Schmeckpeper J, Knollmann BC. Animal Models to Study Cardiac Arrhythmias. Circ Res 2022; 130:1926-1964. [PMID: 35679367 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.122.320258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac arrhythmias are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, accounting for 10% to 15% of all deaths. Although most arrhythmias are due to acquired heart disease, inherited channelopathies and cardiomyopathies disproportionately affect children and young adults. Arrhythmogenesis is complex, involving anatomic structure, ion channels and regulatory proteins, and the interplay between cells in the conduction system, cardiomyocytes, fibroblasts, and the immune system. Animal models of arrhythmia are powerful tools for studying not only molecular and cellular mechanism of arrhythmogenesis but also more complex mechanisms at the whole heart level, and for testing therapeutic interventions. This review summarizes basic and clinical arrhythmia mechanisms followed by an in-depth review of published animal models of genetic and acquired arrhythmia disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Blackwell
- Vanderbilt Center for Arrhythmia Research and Therapeutics, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Jeffrey Schmeckpeper
- Vanderbilt Center for Arrhythmia Research and Therapeutics, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Bjorn C Knollmann
- Vanderbilt Center for Arrhythmia Research and Therapeutics, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
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12
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Hadiatullah H, He Z, Yuchi Z. Structural Insight Into Ryanodine Receptor Channelopathies. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:897494. [PMID: 35677449 PMCID: PMC9168041 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.897494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The ryanodine receptors (RyRs) are large cation-selective ligand-gated channels that are expressed in the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) membrane. They mediate the controlled release of Ca2+ from SR and play an important role in many cellular processes. The mutations in RyRs are associated with several skeletal muscle and cardiac conditions, including malignant hyperthermia (MH), central core disease (CCD), catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT), and arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia (ARVD). Recent breakthroughs in structural biology including cryo-electron microscopy (EM) and X-ray crystallography allowed the determination of a number of near-atomic structures of RyRs, including wildtype and mutant structures as well as the structures in complex with different modulating molecules. This allows us to comprehend the physiological gating and regulatory mechanisms of RyRs and the underlying pathological mechanisms of the disease-causing mutations. In this review, based on the insights gained from the available high-resolution structures of RyRs, we address several questions: 1) what are the gating mechanisms of different RyR isoforms; 2) how RyRs are regulated by multiple channel modulators, including ions, small molecules, and regulatory proteins; 3) how do disease-causing mutations affect the structure and function of RyRs; 4) how can these structural information aid in the diagnosis of the related diseases and the development of pharmacological therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadiatullah Hadiatullah
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High-Efficiency, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhao He
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High-Efficiency, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhiguang Yuchi
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High-Efficiency, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Zhiguang Yuchi,
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13
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Therapeutic Approaches of Ryanodine Receptor-Associated Heart Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084435. [PMID: 35457253 PMCID: PMC9031589 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac diseases are the leading causes of death, with a growing number of cases worldwide, posing a challenge for both healthcare and research. Therefore, the most relevant aim of cardiac research is to unravel the molecular pathomechanisms and identify new therapeutic targets. Cardiac ryanodine receptor (RyR2), the Ca2+ release channel of the sarcoplasmic reticulum, is believed to be a good therapeutic target in a group of certain heart diseases, collectively called cardiac ryanopathies. Ryanopathies are associated with the impaired function of the RyR, leading to heart diseases such as congestive heart failure (CHF), catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT), arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia type 2 (ARVD2), and calcium release deficiency syndrome (CRDS). The aim of the current review is to provide a short insight into the pathological mechanisms of ryanopathies and discuss the pharmacological approaches targeting RyR2.
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14
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Wilson AD, Hu J, Sigalas C, Venturi E, Valdivia HH, Valdivia CR, Lei M, Musgaard M, Sitsapesan R. The V2475F CPVT1 mutation yields distinct RyR2 channel populations that differ in their responses to cytosolic Ca 2+ and Mg 2. J Physiol 2021; 599:5179-5201. [PMID: 34676560 DOI: 10.1113/jp281707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia type 1 (CPVT1) is a lethal genetic disease causing arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death in children and young adults and is linked to mutations in the cardiac ryanodine receptor (RyR2). The effects of CPVT1 mutations on RyR2 ion-channel function are often investigated using purified recombinant RyR2 channels homozygous for the mutation. However, CPVT1 patients are heterozygous for the disease, so this approach does not reveal the true changes to RyR2 function across the entire RyR2 population of channels in the heart. We therefore investigated the native cardiac RyR2 single-channel abnormalities in mice heterozygous for the CPVT1 mutation, V2475F(+/-)-RyR2, and applied molecular modelling techniques to investigate the possible structural changes that could initiate any altered function. We observed that increased sensitivity of cardiac V2475F(+/-)-RyR2 channels to both activating and inactivating levels of cytosolic Ca2+ , plus attenuation of Mg2+ inhibition, were the most marked changes. Severity of abnormality was not uniform across all channels, giving rise to multiple sub-populations with differing functional characteristics. For example, 46% of V2475F(+/-)-RyR2 channels exhibited reduced Mg2+ inhibition and 23% were actually activated by Mg2+ . Using homology modelling, we discovered that V2475 is situated at a hinge between two regions of the RyR2 helical domain 1 (HD1). Our model proposes that detrimental functional changes to RyR2 arise because mutation at this critical site reduces the angle between these regions. Our results demonstrate the necessity of characterising the total heterozygous population of CPVT1-mutated channels in order to understand CPVT1 phenotypes in patients. KEY POINTS: RyR2 mutations can cause type-1 catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT1), a lethal, autosomal-dominant arrhythmic disease. However, the changes in RyR2 ion-channel function that result from the many different patient mutations are rarely investigated in detail and often only recombinant RyR2, homozygous for the mutation, is studied. As CPVT1 is a heterozygous disease and the tetrameric RyR2 channels expressed in the heart will contain varying numbers of mutated monomers, we have investigated the range of RyR2 single-channel abnormalities found in the hearts of mice heterozygous for the CPVT1 mutation, V2475F(+/-)-RyR2. Specific alterations to ligand regulation of V2475F(+/-)-RyR2 were observed. Multiple sub-populations of channels exhibited varying degrees of abnormality. In particular, an increased sensitivity to activating and inactivating cytosolic [Ca2+ ], and reduced sensitivity to Mg2+ inhibition were evident. Our results provide mechanistic insight into the changes to RyR2 gating that destabilise sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ -release causing life-threatening arrhythmias in V2475F(+/-)-CPVT1 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jianshu Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Elisa Venturi
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Héctor H Valdivia
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, USA
| | - Carmen R Valdivia
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, USA
| | - Ming Lei
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Maria Musgaard
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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15
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Guo W, Wei J, Estillore JP, Zhang L, Wang R, Sun B, Chen SRW. RyR2 disease mutations at the C-terminal domain intersubunit interface alter closed-state stability and channel activation. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:100808. [PMID: 34022226 PMCID: PMC8214192 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ryanodine receptors (RyRs) are ion channels that mediate the release of Ca2+ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum/endoplasmic reticulum, mutations of which are implicated in a number of human diseases. The adjacent C-terminal domains (CTDs) of cardiac RyR (RyR2) interact with each other to form a ring-like tetrameric structure with the intersubunit interface undergoing dynamic changes during channel gating. This mobile CTD intersubunit interface harbors many disease-associated mutations. However, the mechanisms of action of these mutations and the role of CTD in channel function are not well understood. Here, we assessed the impact of CTD disease-associated mutations P4902S, P4902L, E4950K, and G4955E on Ca2+− and caffeine-mediated activation of RyR2. The G4955E mutation dramatically increased both the Ca2+-independent basal activity and Ca2+-dependent activation of [3H]ryanodine binding to RyR2. The P4902S and E4950K mutations also increased Ca2+ activation but had no effect on the basal activity of RyR2. All four disease mutations increased caffeine-mediated activation of RyR2 and reduced the threshold for activation and termination of spontaneous Ca2+ release. G4955D dramatically increased the basal activity of RyR2, whereas G4955K mutation markedly suppressed channel activity. Similarly, substitution of P4902 with a negatively charged residue (P4902D), but not a positively charged residue (P4902K), also dramatically increased the basal activity of RyR2. These data suggest that electrostatic interactions are involved in stabilizing the CTD intersubunit interface and that the G4955E disease mutation disrupts this interface, and thus the stability of the closed state. Our studies shed new insights into the mechanisms of action of RyR2 CTD disease mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Guo
- Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jinhong Wei
- Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - John Paul Estillore
- Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Lin Zhang
- Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ruiwu Wang
- Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Bo Sun
- Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China.
| | - S R Wayne Chen
- Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
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16
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Bauerová-Hlinková V, Hajdúchová D, Bauer JA. Structure and Function of the Human Ryanodine Receptors and Their Association with Myopathies-Present State, Challenges, and Perspectives. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25184040. [PMID: 32899693 PMCID: PMC7570887 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25184040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac arrhythmias are serious, life-threatening diseases associated with the dysregulation of Ca2+ influx into the cytoplasm of cardiomyocytes. This dysregulation often arises from dysfunction of ryanodine receptor 2 (RyR2), the principal Ca2+ release channel. Dysfunction of RyR1, the skeletal muscle isoform, also results in less severe, but also potentially life-threatening syndromes. The RYR2 and RYR1 genes have been found to harbor three main mutation “hot spots”, where mutations change the channel structure, its interdomain interface properties, its interactions with its binding partners, or its dynamics. In all cases, the result is a defective release of Ca2+ ions from the sarcoplasmic reticulum into the myocyte cytoplasm. Here, we provide an overview of the most frequent diseases resulting from mutations to RyR1 and RyR2, briefly review some of the recent experimental structural work on these two molecules, detail some of the computational work describing their dynamics, and summarize the known changes to the structure and function of these receptors with particular emphasis on their N-terminal, central, and channel domains.
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