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Teshima R, Saito-Sasaki N, Sawada Y. Generalized Pustular Psoriasis and Systemic Organ Dysfunctions. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6270. [PMID: 38892457 PMCID: PMC11172751 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
This review explores the intricate relationship between generalized pustular psoriasis (GPP) and various systemic diseases, shedding light on the broader impacts of this severe skin condition beyond its primary dermatological manifestations. GPP is identified as not only a profound contributor to skin pathology but also a significant risk factor for systemic diseases affecting cardiovascular, hepatic, renal, pulmonary, and skeletal systems, as well as associated with an increased incidence of anemia, depression, anxiety, and arthritis. The research highlights the complex interplay of cytokines, particularly IL-17 and IL-36, which are central to the pathophysiology of GPP and implicated in the exacerbation of systemic conditions. Key findings indicate a higher incidence of cardiovascular events in GPP patients compared to those with other severe forms of psoriasis, notably with a stronger correlation between myocardial infarction history and GPP development. Liver disturbances, frequently reversible upon psoriasis remission, suggest a cytokine-mediated link to hepatic health. Renal dysfunction appears elevated in GPP sufferers, with IL-17 and IL-36 potentially driving renal fibrosis. Similarly, interstitial lung disease and osteoporosis in GPP patients underscore the systemic reach of inflammatory processes initiated in the skin. The associations with anemia, depression, anxiety, and arthritis further complicate the clinical management of GPP, requiring a multidisciplinary approach. The study concludes that managing GPP effectively requires a holistic approach that addresses both the cutaneous and systemic dimensions of the disease, advocating for continued research into the mechanisms that connect GPP with broader health implications to refine therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yu Sawada
- Department of Dermatology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan
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Zhai P, Sung EA, Shiheido-Watanabe Y, Takayama K, Tian Y, Sadoshima J. Suppression of autophagy induces senescence in the heart. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.26.595978. [PMID: 38854107 PMCID: PMC11160656 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.26.595978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Aging is a critical risk factor for heart disease, including ischemic heart disease and heart failure. Cellular senescence, characterized by DNA damage, resistance to apoptosis and the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), occurs in many cell types, including cardiomyocytes. Senescence precipitates the aging process in surrounding cells and the organ through paracrine mechanisms. Generalized autophagy, which degrades cytosolic materials in a non-selective manner, is decreased during aging in the heart. This decrease causes deterioration of cellular quality control mechanisms, facilitates aging and negatively affects lifespan in animals, including mice. Although suppression of generalized autophagy could promote senescence, it remains unclear whether the suppression of autophagy directly stimulates senescence in cardiomyocytes, which, in turn, promotes myocardial dysfunction in the heart. We addressed this question using mouse models with a loss of autophagy function. Suppression of general autophagy in cardiac-specific Atg7 knockout ( Atg7 cKO) mice caused accumulation of senescent cardiomyocytes. Induction of senescence via downregulation of Atg7 was also observed in chimeric Atg7 cardiac-specific KO mice and cultured cardiomyocytes in vitro , suggesting that the effect of autophagy suppression upon induction of senescence is cell autonomous. ABT-263, a senolytic agent, reduced the number of senescent myocytes and improved cardiac function in Atg7 cKO mice. Suppression of autophagy and induction of senescence were also observed in doxorubicin-treated hearts, where activation of autophagy alleviated senescence in cardiomyocytes and cardiac dysfunction. These results suggest that suppression of general autophagy directly induces senescence in cardiomyocytes, which in turn promotes cardiac dysfunction.
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Mulholland M, Depuydt MAC, Jakobsson G, Ljungcrantz I, Grentzmann A, To F, Bengtsson E, Jaensson Gyllenbäck E, Grönberg C, Rattik S, Liberg D, Schiopu A, Björkbacka H, Kuiper J, Bot I, Slütter B, Engelbertsen D. Interleukin-1 receptor accessory protein blockade limits the development of atherosclerosis and reduces plaque inflammation. Cardiovasc Res 2024; 120:581-595. [PMID: 38563353 PMCID: PMC11074796 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvae046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS The interleukin-1 receptor accessory protein (IL1RAP) is a co-receptor required for signalling through the IL-1, IL-33, and IL-36 receptors. Using a novel anti-IL1RAP-blocking antibody, we investigated the role of IL1RAP in atherosclerosis. METHODS AND RESULTS Single-cell RNA sequencing data from human atherosclerotic plaques revealed the expression of IL1RAP and several IL1RAP-related cytokines and receptors, including IL1B and IL33. Histological analysis showed the presence of IL1RAP in both the plaque and adventitia, and flow cytometry of murine atherosclerotic aortas revealed IL1RAP expression on plaque leucocytes, including neutrophils and macrophages. High-cholesterol diet fed apolipoprotein E-deficient (Apoe-/-) mice were treated with a novel non-depleting IL1RAP-blocking antibody or isotype control for the last 6 weeks of diet. IL1RAP blockade in mice resulted in a 20% reduction in subvalvular plaque size and limited the accumulation of neutrophils and monocytes/macrophages in plaques and of T cells in adventitia, compared with control mice. Indicative of reduced plaque inflammation, the expression of several genes related to leucocyte recruitment, including Cxcl1 and Cxcl2, was reduced in brachiocephalic arteries of anti-IL1RAP-treated mice, and the expression of these chemokines in human plaques was mainly restricted to CD68+ myeloid cells. Furthermore, in vitro studies demonstrated that IL-1, IL-33, and IL-36 induced CXCL1 release from both macrophages and fibroblasts, which could be mitigated by IL1RAP blockade. CONCLUSION Limiting IL1RAP-dependent cytokine signalling pathways in atherosclerotic mice reduces plaque burden and plaque inflammation, potentially by limiting plaque chemokine production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Mulholland
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cardiovascular Research—Immune Regulation, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Marie A C Depuydt
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Division of Biotherapeutics, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Gabriel Jakobsson
- Department of Translational Medicine, Cardiac Inflammation, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Irena Ljungcrantz
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cardiovascular Research—Immune Regulation, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Andrietta Grentzmann
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cardiovascular Research—Immune Regulation, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Fong To
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cardiovascular Research—Matrix and Inflammation in Atherosclerosis, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Eva Bengtsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cardiovascular Research—Matrix and Inflammation in Atherosclerosis, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Biomedical Science, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
- Biofilms—Research Center for Biointerfaces, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
| | | | | | - Sara Rattik
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cardiovascular Research—Immune Regulation, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Cantargia AB, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Alexandru Schiopu
- Department of Translational Medicine, Cardiac Inflammation, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Harry Björkbacka
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cardiovascular Research—Cellular Metabolism and Inflammation, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Johan Kuiper
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Division of Biotherapeutics, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ilze Bot
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Division of Biotherapeutics, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Bram Slütter
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Division of Biotherapeutics, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel Engelbertsen
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cardiovascular Research—Immune Regulation, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
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Grönberg C, Rattik S, Tran-Manh C, Zhou X, Rius Rigau A, Li YN, Györfi AH, Dickel N, Kunz M, Kreuter A, Matei EA, Zhu H, Skoog P, Liberg D, Distler JH, Trinh-Minh T. Combined inhibition of IL-1, IL-33 and IL-36 signalling by targeting IL1RAP ameliorates skin and lung fibrosis in preclinical models of systemic sclerosis. Ann Rheum Dis 2024:ard-2023-225158. [PMID: 38594058 DOI: 10.1136/ard-2023-225158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The interleukin (IL)-1 receptor accessory protein (IL1RAP) is an essential coreceptor required for signalling through the IL-1, IL-33 and IL-36 receptors. Here, we investigate the antifibrotic potential of the combined inhibition of these cytokines by an anti-IL1RAP antibody to provide a scientific background for clinical development in systemic sclerosis (SSc). METHODS The expression of IL1RAP-associated signalling molecules was determined by data mining of publicly available RNA sequencing (RNAseq) data as well as by imaging mass cytometry. The efficacy of therapeutic dosing of anti-IL1RAP antibodies was determined in three complementary mouse models: sclerodermatous chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGvHD), bleomycin-induced dermal fibrosis model and topoisomerase-I (topo)-induced fibrosis. RESULTS SSc skin showed upregulation of IL1RAP and IL1RAP-related signalling molecules on mRNA and protein level compared with normal skin. IL-1, IL-33 and IL-36 all regulate distinct gene sets related to different pathophysiological processes in SSc. The responses of human fibroblasts and endothelial cells to IL-1, IL-33 and IL-36 were completely blocked by treatment with an anti-IL1RAP antibody in vitro. Moreover, anti-IL1RAP antibody treatment reduced dermal and pulmonary fibrosis in cGvHD-induced, bleomycin-induced and topoisomerase-induced fibrosis. Importantly, RNAseq analyses revealed effects of IL1RAP inhibition on multiple processes related to inflammation and fibrosis that are also deregulated in human SSc skin. CONCLUSION This study provides the first evidence for the therapeutic benefits of targeting IL1RAP in SSc. Our findings have high translational potential as the anti-IL1RAP antibody CAN10 has recently entered a phase one clinical trial.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Cuong Tran-Manh
- Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany
- Hiller Research Center, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, NRW, Germany
| | - Xiang Zhou
- Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany
- Hiller Research Center, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, NRW, Germany
| | - Aleix Rius Rigau
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Bayern, Germany
| | - Yi-Nan Li
- Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany
- Hiller Research Center, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, NRW, Germany
| | - Andrea-Hermina Györfi
- Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany
- Hiller Research Center, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, NRW, Germany
| | - Nicholas Dickel
- Chair of Medical Informatics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Bayern, Germany
| | - Meik Kunz
- Chair of Medical Informatics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Bayern, Germany
| | - Alexander Kreuter
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Allergology, HELIOS Saint Elisabeth Hospital Oberhausen, University Witten-Herdecke, Oberhausen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany
| | - Emil-Alexandru Matei
- Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany
- Hiller Research Center, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, NRW, Germany
| | - Honglin Zhu
- Department of Rheumatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | | | | | - Jörg Hw Distler
- Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany
- Hiller Research Center, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, NRW, Germany
| | - Thuong Trinh-Minh
- Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany
- Hiller Research Center, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, NRW, Germany
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5
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Perez V, Zaobornyj T, Vico T, Vanasco V, Marchini T, Godoy E, Alvarez S, Evelson P, Donato M, Gelpi RJ, D'Annunzio V. Middle-age abolishes cardioprotection conferred by thioredoxin-1 in mice. Arch Biochem Biophys 2024; 753:109880. [PMID: 38171410 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2023.109880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Thioredoxin-1 (Trx1) has cardioprotective effects on ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, although its role in ischemic postconditioning (PostC) in middle-aged mice is not understood. This study aimed to evaluate if combining two cardioprotective strategies, such as Trx1 overexpression and PostC, could exert a synergistic effect in reducing infarct size in middle-aged mice. Young or middle-aged wild-type mice (Wt), transgenic mice overexpressing Trx1, and dominant negative (DN-Trx1) mutant of Trx1 mice were used. Mice hearts were subjected to I/R or PostC protocol. Infarct size, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production, protein nitration, Trx1 activity, mitochondrial function, and Trx1, pAkt and pGSK3β expression were measured. PostC could not reduce infarct size even in the presence of Trx1 overexpression in middle-aged mice. This finding was accompanied by a lack of Akt and GSK3β phosphorylation, and Trx1 expression (in Wt group). Trx1 activity was diminished and H2O2 production and protein nitration were increased in middle-age. The respiratory control rate dropped after I/R in Wt-Young and PostC restored this value, but not in middle-aged groups. Our results showed that Trx1 plays a key role in the PostC protection mechanism in young but not middle-aged mice, even in the presence of Trx1 overexpression.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Perez
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Departamento de Patología - Institute of Cardiovascular Physiopathology, Argentina
| | - T Zaobornyj
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine (IBIMOL UBA-CONICET), Argentina
| | - T Vico
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine (IBIMOL UBA-CONICET), Argentina
| | - V Vanasco
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine (IBIMOL UBA-CONICET), Argentina
| | - T Marchini
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine (IBIMOL UBA-CONICET), Argentina
| | - E Godoy
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Departamento de Patología - Institute of Cardiovascular Physiopathology, Argentina
| | - S Alvarez
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine (IBIMOL UBA-CONICET), Argentina
| | - P Evelson
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine (IBIMOL UBA-CONICET), Argentina
| | - M Donato
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Departamento de Patología - Institute of Cardiovascular Physiopathology, Argentina
| | - R J Gelpi
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Departamento de Patología - Institute of Cardiovascular Physiopathology, Argentina
| | - V D'Annunzio
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Departamento de Patología - Institute of Cardiovascular Physiopathology, Argentina.
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6
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Marriott E, Singanayagam A, El-Awaisi J. Inflammation as the nexus: exploring the link between acute myocardial infarction and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Front Cardiovasc Med 2024; 11:1362564. [PMID: 38450367 PMCID: PMC10915015 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2024.1362564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), particularly following acute exacerbations (AE-COPD), significantly heightens the risks and mortality associated with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The intersection of COPD and AMI is characterised by a considerable overlap in inflammatory mechanisms, which play a crucial role in the development of both conditions. Although extensive research has been conducted on individual inflammatory pathways in AMI and COPD, the understanding of thrombo-inflammatory crosstalk in comorbid settings remains limited. The effectiveness of various inflammatory components in reducing AMI infarct size or slowing COPD progression has shown promise, yet their efficacy in the context of comorbidity with COPD and AMI is not established. This review focuses on the critical importance of both local and systemic inflammation, highlighting it as a key pathophysiological connection between AMI and COPD/AE-COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eloise Marriott
- Microcirculation Research Group, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Aran Singanayagam
- MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology & Infection, Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Juma El-Awaisi
- Microcirculation Research Group, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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El-Awaisi J, Kavanagh DPJ, Kalia N. Monitoring coronary blood flow by laser speckle contrast imaging after myocardial ischaemia reperfusion injury in adult and aged mice. Front Cardiovasc Med 2024; 11:1358472. [PMID: 38410244 PMCID: PMC10895051 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2024.1358472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Investigating coronary microvascular perfusion responses after myocardial infarction (MI) would aid in the development of flow preserving therapies. Laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI) is a powerful tool used for real-time, non-contact, full-field imaging of blood flow in various tissues/organs. However, its use in the beating heart has been limited due to motion artifacts. Methods In this paper, we report the novel use of LSCI, combined with custom speckle analysis software (SpAn), to visualise and quantitate changes in ventricular perfusion in adult and aged mice undergoing ischaemia-reperfusion (IR) injury. The therapeutic benefit of inhibiting the actions of the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-36 (IL-36) was also investigated using an IL-36 receptor antagonist (IL-36Ra). Results Imaging from uncovered and covered regions of the left ventricle demonstrated that whilst part of the LSCI flux signal was derived from beating motion, a significant contributor to the flux signal came from ventricular microcirculatory blood flow. We show that a biphasic flux profile corresponding to diastolic and systolic phases of the cardiac cycle can be detected without mathematically processing the total flux data to denoise motion artifacts. Furthermore, perfusion responses to ischaemia and postischaemia were strong, reproducible and could easily be detected without the need to subtract motion-related flux signals. LSCI also identified significantly poorer ventricular perfusion in injured aged mice following IR injury which markedly improved with IL-36Ra. Discussion We therefore propose that LSCI of the heart is possible despite motion artifacts and may facilitate future investigations into the role of the coronary microcirculation in cardiovascular diseases and development of novel therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Neena Kalia
- Microcirculation Research Group, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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Xiang Y, Zeng J, Lin X, Cai X, Zhang L, Luo M, Zhou G, Chen X, Lin B, Chen J, Chen F, Huang X, Guo Y, Lin KY. The predictive value of the neutrophil/platelet ratio on in-hospital adverse events and long-term prognosis in patients with coronary artery disease after percutaneous coronary intervention and its possible internal mechanism. Mol Cell Biochem 2023:10.1007/s11010-023-04901-1. [PMID: 38129626 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-023-04901-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
The neutrophil-to-platelet ratio (NPR) is considered to be an indicator of inflammatory status. The value of the NPR in predicting in-hospital adverse events (AEs) and long-term prognosis after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients has not yet been reported. Meanwhile, the mechanisms behind its predictive value for long-term prognosis remain unreported as well. The study retrospectively enrolled 7284 consecutive patients with CAD undergoing PCI from January 2012 to December 2018. Multivariable logistic regression analysis, multivariable Cox regression analysis, Kaplan‒Meier (KM) curve analysis, restricted cubic spline (RCS) curve analysis, and sensitivity analysis were used in the study. All-cause death was the endpoint of the study. According to the median value of the NPR, the patients were divided into two groups: the high group (NPR ≥ 0.02, n = 3736) and the low group (NPR < 0.02, n = 3548). Multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that a high NPR was a risk factor for in-hospital AEs [odds ratio (OR) = 1.602, 95% CI 1.347-1.909, p = 0.001]. During a mean follow-up period of 3.01 ± 1.49 years, the multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that a high NPR affected the long-term prognosis of patients (HR 1.22, 95% CI 1.03-1.45, p = 0.025) and cardiac death (HR 1.49, 95% CI 1.14-1.95, p = 0.003). The subgroup analysis showed that the NPR was affected by age and sex. The mediation analysis identified that the effect of the NPR on long-term outcomes is partially mediated by serum creatinine (Scr) and triglycerides. The NPR may be a convenient indicator of in-hospital AEs and poor long-term and cardiac outcomes in CAD patients. It might have impacted prognosis through effects on kidney function and lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Xiang
- Department of Cardiology, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fujian Cardiovascular Institute, Fujian Provincial Center for Geriatrics, Fujian Clinical Medical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jilang Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fujian Cardiovascular Institute, Fujian Provincial Center for Geriatrics, Fujian Clinical Medical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xueqin Lin
- Department of Cardiology, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fujian Cardiovascular Institute, Fujian Provincial Center for Geriatrics, Fujian Clinical Medical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaoling Cai
- Department of Cardiology, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fujian Cardiovascular Institute, Fujian Provincial Center for Geriatrics, Fujian Clinical Medical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuzhou, China
| | - Liwei Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fujian Cardiovascular Institute, Fujian Provincial Center for Geriatrics, Fujian Clinical Medical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuzhou, China
| | - Manqing Luo
- Department of Cardiology, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fujian Cardiovascular Institute, Fujian Provincial Center for Geriatrics, Fujian Clinical Medical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuzhou, China
| | - Gengyu Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fujian Cardiovascular Institute, Fujian Provincial Center for Geriatrics, Fujian Clinical Medical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaofang Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fujian Cardiovascular Institute, Fujian Provincial Center for Geriatrics, Fujian Clinical Medical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuzhou, China
| | - Biting Lin
- Department of Cardiology, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fujian Cardiovascular Institute, Fujian Provincial Center for Geriatrics, Fujian Clinical Medical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuzhou, China
| | - Junhan Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fujian Cardiovascular Institute, Fujian Provincial Center for Geriatrics, Fujian Clinical Medical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuzhou, China
| | - Fan Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fujian Cardiovascular Institute, Fujian Provincial Center for Geriatrics, Fujian Clinical Medical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xuan Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fujian Cardiovascular Institute, Fujian Provincial Center for Geriatrics, Fujian Clinical Medical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yansong Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fujian Cardiovascular Institute, Fujian Provincial Center for Geriatrics, Fujian Clinical Medical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Heart Failure Center Alliance, Fuzhou, China
| | - Kai-Yang Lin
- Department of Cardiology, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China.
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fujian Cardiovascular Institute, Fujian Provincial Center for Geriatrics, Fujian Clinical Medical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuzhou, China.
- Fujian Heart Failure Center Alliance, Fuzhou, China.
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Fischer B, Kübelbeck T, Kolb A, Ringen J, Waisman A, Wittmann M, Karbach S, Kölsch SM, Kramer D. IL-17A-driven psoriasis is critically dependent on IL-36 signaling. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1256133. [PMID: 38162658 PMCID: PMC10754973 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1256133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Plaque psoriasis is an autoinflammatory and autoimmune skin disease, affecting 1-3% of the population worldwide. Previously, high levels of IL-36 family cytokines were found in psoriatic skin lesions, thereby contributing to keratinocyte hyperproliferation and infiltration of immune cells such as neutrophils. While treatment with anti-IL36 receptor (IL36R) antibodies was recently approved for generalized pustular psoriasis (GPP), it remains unclear, if targeting the IL36R might also inhibit plaque psoriasis. Here we show that antibody-mediated inhibition of IL36R is sufficient to suppress imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like skin inflammation and represses the disease's development in a model that depends on IL-17A overexpression in the skin. Importantly, treatment with anti-IL36R antibodies inhibited skin inflammation and attenuated psoriasis-associated, systemic inflammation. This is possibly due to a widespread effect of IL36R inhibition, which not only suppresses pro-inflammatory gene expression in keratinocytes, but also the activation of other immune cells such as T-cells or dendritic cells. In conclusion, we propose that inhibition of the IL-36 signaling pathway might constitute an attractive, alternative approach for treating IL-17A-driven psoriasis and psoriasis-linked comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berenice Fischer
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Tanja Kübelbeck
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Antonia Kolb
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Julia Ringen
- Center for Cardiology- Cardiology I, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ari Waisman
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Research Center for Immunotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Miriam Wittmann
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Susanne Karbach
- Center for Cardiology- Cardiology I, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) – Partner Site Rhine-Main, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Stephan Marcus Kölsch
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Medical Affairs, Ingelheim am Rhein, Germany
| | - Daniela Kramer
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Research Center for Immunotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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10
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Bumroongthai K, Kavanagh DPJ, Genever P, Kalia N. Improving vasculoprotective effects of MSCs in coronary microvessels - benefits of 3D culture, sub-populations and heparin. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1257497. [PMID: 37954606 PMCID: PMC10635425 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1257497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Opening occluded coronary arteries in patients with myocardial infarction (MI) damages the delicate coronary microvessels through a process called myocardial ischaemia-reperfusion injury. Although mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have the potential to limit this injury, clinical success remains limited. This may be due to (i) poor MSC homing to the heart (ii) infused MSCs, even if derived from the same site, being a heterogeneous population with varying therapeutic efficacy and (iii) conventional 2D culture of MSCs decreasing their homing and beneficial properties. This study investigated whether 3D culture of two distinctly different bone marrow (BM)-derived MSC sub-populations could improve their homing and coronary vasculoprotective efficacy. Methods Intravital imaging of the anaesthetised mouse beating heart was used to investigate the trafficking and microvascular protective effects of two clonally-derived BM-derived MSC lines, namely CD317neg MSCs-Y201 and CD317pos MSCs-Y202, cultured using conventional monolayer and 3D hanging drop methods. Results 3D culture consistently improved the adhesive behaviour of MSCs-Y201 to various substrates in vitro. However, it was their differential ability to reduce neutrophil events within the coronary capillaries and improve ventricular perfusion in vivo that was most remarkable. Moreover, dual therapy combined with heparin further improved the vasculoprotection afforded by 3D cultured MSCs-Y201 by also modifying platelet as well as neutrophil recruitment, which subsequently led to the greatest salvage of viable myocardium. Therapeutic benefit could mechanistically be explained by reductions in coronary endothelial oxidative stress and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1)/vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) expression. However, since this was noted by both 2D and 3D cultured MSCs-Y201, therapeutic benefit is likely explained by the fact that 3D cultured MSCs-Y201 were the most potent sub-population at reducing serum levels of several pro-inflammatory cytokines. Conclusion This novel study highlights the importance of not only 3D culture, but also of a specific CD317neg MSC sub-population, as being critical to realising their full coronary vasculoprotective potential in the injured heart. Since the smallest coronary blood vessels are increasingly recognised as a primary target of reperfusion injury, therapeutic interventions must be able to protect these delicate structures from inflammatory cells and maintain perfusion in the heart. We propose that relatively feasible technical modifications in a specific BM-derived MSC sub-population could achieve this.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kobkaew Bumroongthai
- Microcirculation Research Group, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Dean P. J. Kavanagh
- Microcirculation Research Group, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Genever
- Department of Biology, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Neena Kalia
- Microcirculation Research Group, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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11
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El-Awaisi J, Mitchell JL, Ranasinghe A, Kalia N. Interleukin-36 is vasculoprotective in both sexes despite sex-specific changes in the coronary microcirculation response to IR injury. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1227499. [PMID: 37753164 PMCID: PMC10518412 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1227499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims Risks and outcomes of myocardial infarction (MI) are different between men and women and some studies have demonstrated that the latter have a higher risk of mortality. Whilst there are many reasons for this, it may also partially be linked to stronger innate and adaptive immune responses mounted by females compared to males. However, little is known about how sex impacts the coronary microvessels, the site where inflammatory processes take place, after an MI. Intravital and laser speckle microscopy was used to image coronary microvessels and ventricular perfusion in vivo in response to myocardial ischaemia-reperfusion (IR) injury in male and female mice. Interleukin-36 (IL-36) is the latest addition to the IL-1 superfamily of pro-inflammatory cytokines and has recently been shown to mediate inflammation in a number of non-cardiovascular diseases. Its role in mediating potential sex-related microcirculatiory pertubations in the heart are unknown. Therefore, the vasculoprotective efficacy of an IL-36 receptor antagonist (IL-36Ra) was also investigated. Methods and results Immunostaining and flow cytometry demonstrated higher expression of IL-36 and its receptor in female hearts, an observation confirmed in human samples. Intravital imaging of the anaesthetised mouse beating heart identified significantly greater neutrophil recruitment in female hearts, but a greater burden of thrombotic disease in male hearts. Male mice had reduced functional capillary density and were unable to restore perfusion to baseline values as effectively as females. However, female mice had significantly larger infarcts. Interestingly, IL-36Ra decreased inflammation, improved perfusion, and reduced infarct size in both sexes despite increasing platelet presence in male hearts. Mechanistically, this was explained by IL-36Ra attenuating endothelial oxidative damage and VCAM-1 expression. Importantly, IL-36Ra administration during ischaemia was critical for vasculoprotection to be realised. Conclusion This novel study identified notable sex-related differences in the coronary microcirculatory response to myocardial IR injury which may explain why some studies have noted poorer outcomes in women after MI. Whilst contemporary MI treatment focuses on anti-platelet strategies, the heightened presence of neutrophils in female IR injured coronary microvessels necessitates the development of an effective anti-inflammatory approach for treating female patients. We also emphasise the importance of early intervention during the ischaemic period in order to maximise therapeutic effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juma El-Awaisi
- Microcirculation Research Group, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Joanne L Mitchell
- Microcirculation Research Group, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Aaron Ranasinghe
- Consultant Cardiac and Heart/Lung Transplant Consultant, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Neena Kalia
- Microcirculation Research Group, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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12
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Awen A, Hu D, Gao D, Wang Z, Wu Y, Zheng H, Guan L, Mu Y, Sheng Z. Dual-modal molecular imaging and therapeutic evaluation of coronary microvascular dysfunction using indocyanine green-doped targeted microbubbles. Biomater Sci 2023; 11:2359-2371. [PMID: 36883518 DOI: 10.1039/d2bm02155b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD), which causes a series of cardiovascular diseases, seriously endangers human health. However, precision diagnosis of CMD is still challenging due to the lack of sensitive probes and complementary imaging technologies. Herein, we demonstrate indocyanine green-doped targeted microbubbles (named T-MBs-ICG) as dual-modal probes for highly sensitive near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence imaging and high-resolution ultrasound imaging of CMD in mouse models. In vitro results show that T-MBs-ICG can specifically target fibrin, a specific CMD biomarker, via the cysteine-arginine-glutamate-lysine-alanine (CREKA) peptide modified on the surface of microbubbles. We further employ T-MBs-ICG to achieve NIR fluorescence imaging of injured myocardial tissue in a CMD mouse model, leading to a signal-to-background ratio (SBR) of up to 50, which is 20 fold higher than that of the non-targeted group. Furthermore, ultrasound molecular imaging of T-MBs-ICG is obtained within 60 s after intravenous injection, providing molecular information on ventricular and myocardial structures and fibrin with a resolution of 1.033 mm × 0.466 mm. More importantly, we utilize comprehensive dual-modal imaging of T-MBs-ICG to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of rosuvastatin, a cardiovascular drug for the clinical treatment of CMD. Overall, the developed T-MBs-ICG probes with good biocompatibility exhibit great potential in the clinical diagnosis of CMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alimina Awen
- Department of Echocardiography, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Ultrasound Medicine, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830011, P. R. China.
| | - Dehong Hu
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, CAS Key Laboratory of Health Informatics, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Ultrasound Imaging and Therapy, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, P. R. China.
| | - Duyang Gao
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, CAS Key Laboratory of Health Informatics, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Ultrasound Imaging and Therapy, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, P. R. China.
| | - Zihang Wang
- Department of Echocardiography, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Ultrasound Medicine, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830011, P. R. China.
| | - Yayun Wu
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, CAS Key Laboratory of Health Informatics, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Ultrasound Imaging and Therapy, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, P. R. China.
| | - Hairong Zheng
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, CAS Key Laboratory of Health Informatics, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Ultrasound Imaging and Therapy, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, P. R. China.
| | - Lina Guan
- Department of Echocardiography, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Ultrasound Medicine, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830011, P. R. China.
| | - Yuming Mu
- Department of Echocardiography, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Ultrasound Medicine, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830011, P. R. China.
| | - Zonghai Sheng
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, CAS Key Laboratory of Health Informatics, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Ultrasound Imaging and Therapy, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, P. R. China.
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13
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Wu Z, Luo C, Zheng B. Progress of Research into the Interleukin-1 Family in Cardiovascular Disease. J Inflamm Res 2022; 15:6683-6694. [PMID: 36536642 PMCID: PMC9759010 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s390915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory factors, such as the IL-1 family, are generally acknowledged to be involved in systemic diseases and IL-1α and IL-1β, in particular, have been linked to cardiovascular disease with IL-18, IL-33, IL-36, IL-37 and IL-38 yet to be explored. The current review aims to summarize mechanisms of IL-18, IL-33, IL-36, IL-37 and IL-38 in myocardial infarction, hypertension, arrhythmia, valvular disease and aneurysm and to explore the potential for cardiovascular disease treatment strategies and discuss future directions for prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zimin Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery Ward, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 530021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Cheng Luo
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery Ward, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 530021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Baoshi Zheng
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery Ward, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 530021, People’s Republic of China
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14
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Zhang F, Li Y, Wu J, Zhang J, Cao P, Sun Z, Wang W. The role of extracellular traps in ischemia reperfusion injury. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1022380. [PMID: 36211432 PMCID: PMC9533173 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1022380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In response to strong signals, several types of immune cells release extracellular traps (ETs), which are web-like structures consisting of DNA decorated with various protein substances. This process is most commonly observed in neutrophils. Over the past two decades, ET formation has been recognized as a unique mechanism of host defense and pathogen destruction. However, the role of ETs in sterile inflammation has only been studied extensively in recent years. Ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) is a type of sterile inflammatory injury. Several studies have reported that ETs have an important role in IRI in various organs. In this review, we describe the release of ETs by various types of immune cells and focus on the mechanism underlying the formation of neutrophil ETs (NETs). In addition, we summarize the role of ETs in IRI in different organs and their effects on tumors. Finally, we discuss the value of ETs as a potential therapeutic target for organ IRI and present possible challenges in conducting studies on IRI-related ETs as well as future research directions and prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feilong Zhang
- Department of Urology, Beijing Chao-yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Institute of Urology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuqing Li
- Department of Urology, Beijing Chao-yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Institute of Urology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiyue Wu
- Department of Urology, Beijing Chao-yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Institute of Urology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiandong Zhang
- Department of Urology, Beijing Chao-yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Institute of Urology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Cao
- Department of Urology, Beijing Chao-yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Institute of Urology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zejia Sun
- Department of Urology, Beijing Chao-yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Institute of Urology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Urology, Beijing Chao-yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Institute of Urology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Wei Wang,
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