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Mackin SR, Sariol A, Diamond MS. Antibody-mediated control mechanisms of viral infections. Immunol Rev 2024. [PMID: 39162394 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/21/2024]
Abstract
Antibodies generated after vaccination or natural pathogen exposure are essential mediators of protection against many infections. Most studies with viruses have focused on antibody neutralization, in which protection is conferred by the fragment antigen binding region (Fab) through targeting of different steps in the viral lifecycle including attachment, internalization, fusion, and egress. Beyond neutralization, the fragment crystallizable (Fc) region of antibodies can integrate innate and adaptive immune responses by engaging complement components and distinct Fc gamma receptors (FcγR) on different host immune cells. In this review, we discuss recent advances in our understanding of antibody neutralization and Fc effector functions, and the assays used to measure them. Additionally, we describe the contexts in which these mechanisms are associated with protection against viruses and highlight how Fc-FcγR interactions can improve the potency of antibody-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha R Mackin
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Pathology & Immunology and Center for Genome Sciences, Lab & Genomic Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Alan Sariol
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Michael S Diamond
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Pathology & Immunology and Center for Genome Sciences, Lab & Genomic Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Andrew M. and Jane M. Bursky the Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Center for Vaccines and Immunity to Microbial Pathogens, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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2
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Hu X, Karthigeyan KP, Herbek S, Valencia SM, Jenks JA, Webster H, Miller IG, Connors M, Pollara J, Andy C, Gerber LM, Walter EB, Edwards KM, Bernstein DI, Hou J, Koch M, Panther L, Carfi A, Wu K, Permar SR. Human Cytomegalovirus mRNA-1647 Vaccine Candidate Elicits Potent and Broad Neutralization and Higher Antibody-Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity Responses Than the gB/MF59 Vaccine. J Infect Dis 2024; 230:455-466. [PMID: 38324766 PMCID: PMC11326847 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiad593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND MF59-adjuvanted gB subunit (gB/MF59) vaccine demonstrated approximately 50% efficacy against human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) acquisition in multiple clinical trials, suggesting that efforts to improve this vaccine design might yield a vaccine suitable for licensure. METHODS A messenger RNA (mRNA)-based vaccine candidate encoding HCMV gB and pentameric complex (PC), mRNA-1647, is currently in late-stage efficacy trials. However, its immunogenicity has not been compared to the partially effective gB/MF59 vaccine. We assessed neutralizing and Fc-mediated immunoglobulin G (IgG) effector antibody responses induced by mRNA-1647 in both HCMV-seropositive and -seronegative vaccinees from a first-in-human clinical trial through 1 year following third vaccination using a systems serology approach. Furthermore, we compared peak anti-gB antibody responses in seronegative mRNA-1647 vaccinees to that of seronegative gB/MF59 vaccine recipients. RESULTS mRNA-1647 vaccination elicited and boosted HCMV-specific IgG responses in seronegative and seropositive vaccinees, respectively, including neutralizing and Fc-mediated effector antibody responses. gB-specific IgG responses were lower than PC-specific IgG responses. gB-specific IgG and antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis responses were lower than those elicited by gB/MF59. However, mRNA-1647 elicited higher neutralization and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) responses. CONCLUSIONS Overall, mRNA-1647 vaccination induced polyfunctional and durable HCMV-specific antibody responses, with lower gB-specific IgG responses but higher neutralization and ADCC responses compared to the gB/MF59 vaccine. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION NCT03382405 (mRNA-1647) and NCT00133497 (gB/MF59).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xintao Hu
- Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | | | - Savannah Herbek
- Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Sarah M Valencia
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Jennifer A Jenks
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Helen Webster
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Itzayana G Miller
- Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Megan Connors
- Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Justin Pollara
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Caroline Andy
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Linda M Gerber
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Emmanuel B Walter
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Kathryn M Edwards
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - David I Bernstein
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Jacob Hou
- Moderna, Inc, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | | | | | | | - Kai Wu
- Moderna, Inc, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Sallie R Permar
- Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
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3
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d’Angelo P, Zavaglio F, Gabanti E, Zelini P, Fornara C, Bernuzzi S, Spinillo A, Lilleri D, Baldanti F. Evaluation of the In Vitro Capacity of Anti-Human Cytomegalovirus Antibodies to Initiate Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1355. [PMID: 39065122 PMCID: PMC11278886 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12071355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
In the setting of infectious diseases, antibodies show different functions beyond neutralizing activity. In this study, we investigated the activation of NK cells in vitro in the presence of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV)-specific antibodies and their potential role in the control of HCMV infection through antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity (ADCC). Retinal pigmented epithelial cells (ARPE-19) infected with the HCMV strain VR1814 were co-cultured with cytokine-activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in the presence of sera collected from 23 HCMV-seropositive and 9 HCMV-seronegative donors. Moreover, 13 pregnant women sampled 3 and 6 months after HCMV primary infection and 13 pregnant women with pre-conception immunity were tested and compared. We determined the percentage of activated NK cells via the analysis of CD107a expression as a marker of degranulation. Significantly higher levels of NK-cell activation were observed using 1/100 and 1/10 dilutions of sera from HCMV-seropositive individuals, and when cells were infected for 96 and 120 h, suggesting that NK cells are activated by antibodies directed against late antigens. In the absence of serum NK cells, activation was negligible. In seropositive subjects, the median percentages of CD107a-positive NK cells in the presence of autologous serum and pooled HCMV-positive serum were similar (14.03% [range 0.00-33.56] and 12.42% [range 1.01-46.00], respectively), while NK-cell activation was negligible using an HCMV-negative serum pool. In HCMV-seronegative subjects, the median percentage of activated NK cells was 0.90% [range 0.00-3.92] with autologous serum and 2.07% [0.00-5.76] in the presence of the HCMV-negative serum pool, while it was 8.97% [0.00-26.49] with the pool of HCMV-positive sera. NK-cell activation using hyperimmune globulin is comparable to what is obtained using autologous serum. Sera from subjects at 3 and 6 months post primary infection showed a lower capacity of NK-cell activation than sera from subjects with past infection (p < 0.001). NK activation against HCMV-infected epithelial cells is dependent on the presence of HCMV-specific antibodies. This serum activity increases with time after the onset of HCMV infection. The protective role of NK-cell activation by HCMV-specific serum antibodies should be verified in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piera d’Angelo
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Federica Zavaglio
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Elisa Gabanti
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- M.A.D. Analisi, 27058 Voghera, Italy
| | - Paola Zelini
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Chiara Fornara
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Laboratory Medicine Service, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Stefano Bernuzzi
- Service of Immunohematology and Transfusion Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Arsenio Spinillo
- Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostics and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Daniele Lilleri
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Fausto Baldanti
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostics and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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4
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Pighi C, Rotili A, De Luca M, Chiurchiù S, Calò Carducci FI, Rossetti C, Cifaldi L, Bei R, Caforio L, Bernardi S, Palma P, Amodio D. Characterization of Natural Killer Cell Profile in a Cohort of Infected Pregnant Women and Their Babies and Its Relation to CMV Transmission. Viruses 2024; 16:780. [PMID: 38793661 PMCID: PMC11125694 DOI: 10.3390/v16050780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a common herpesvirus causing lifelong latent infection in most people and is a primary cause of congenital infection worldwide. Given the role of NK cells in the materno-fetal barrier, we investigated peripheral blood NK cell behavior in the context of CMV infection acquired during pregnancy. We analyzed the NK phenotype and CD107a surface mobilization on PBMCs from CMV-transmitting and non-transmitting mothers and newborns with or without congenital infection. NK cells from non-transmitting mothers showed the typical phenotype of CMV-adaptive NK cells, characterized by higher levels of NKG2C, CD57, and KIRs, with reduced NKG2A, compared to transmitting ones. A significantly higher percentage of DNAM-1+, PD-1+, and KIR+NKG2A-CD57+PD-1+ CD56dim cells was found in the non-transmitting group. Accordingly, NK cells from congenital-CMV (cCMV)-infected newborns expressed higher levels of NKG2C and CD57, with reduced NKG2A, compared to non-congenital ones. Furthermore, they showed a significant expansion of CD56dim cells co-expressing NKG2C and CD57 or with a memory-like (KIR+NKG2A-CD57+NKG2C+) phenotype, as well as a significant reduction of the CD57-NKG2C- population. Degranulation assays showed a slightly higher CD107a geomean ratio in NK cells of mothers who were non-transmitting compared to those transmitting the virus. Our findings demonstrate that both CMV-transmitting mothers and cCMV newborns show a specific NK profile. These data can guide studies on predicting virus transmission from mothers and congenital infection in infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Pighi
- Research Unit of Clinical Immunology and Vaccinology, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (C.P.); (A.R.); (C.R.); (P.P.)
| | - Arianna Rotili
- Research Unit of Clinical Immunology and Vaccinology, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (C.P.); (A.R.); (C.R.); (P.P.)
- PhD Program in “Immunology, Molecular Medicine and Applied Biotechnologies”, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Maia De Luca
- Infectious Disease Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (M.D.L.); (S.C.); (F.I.C.C.); (S.B.)
| | - Sara Chiurchiù
- Infectious Disease Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (M.D.L.); (S.C.); (F.I.C.C.); (S.B.)
| | | | - Chiara Rossetti
- Research Unit of Clinical Immunology and Vaccinology, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (C.P.); (A.R.); (C.R.); (P.P.)
| | - Loredana Cifaldi
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy; (L.C.); (R.B.)
| | - Roberto Bei
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy; (L.C.); (R.B.)
| | - Leonardo Caforio
- Fetal Medicine and Surgery Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy;
| | - Stefania Bernardi
- Infectious Disease Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (M.D.L.); (S.C.); (F.I.C.C.); (S.B.)
| | - Paolo Palma
- Research Unit of Clinical Immunology and Vaccinology, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (C.P.); (A.R.); (C.R.); (P.P.)
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Donato Amodio
- Research Unit of Clinical Immunology and Vaccinology, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (C.P.); (A.R.); (C.R.); (P.P.)
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
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5
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Wu K, Hou YJ, Makrinos D, Liu R, Zhu A, Koch M, Yu WH, Paila YD, Chandramouli S, Panther L, Henry C, DiPiazza A, Carfi A. Characterization of humoral and cellular immunologic responses to an mRNA-based human cytomegalovirus vaccine from a phase 1 trial of healthy adults. J Virol 2024; 98:e0160323. [PMID: 38526054 PMCID: PMC11019844 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01603-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
mRNA-1647 is an investigational mRNA-based vaccine against cytomegalovirus (CMV) that contains sequences encoding the CMV proteins glycoprotein B and pentamer. Humoral and cellular immune responses were evaluated in blood samples collected from healthy CMV-seropositive and CMV-seronegative adults who participated in a phase 1 trial of a three-dose series of mRNA-1647 (NCT03382405). Neutralizing antibody (nAb) titers against fibroblast and epithelial cell infection in sera from CMV-seronegative mRNA-1647 recipients were higher than those in sera from control CMV-seropositive samples and remained elevated up to 12 months after dose 3. nAb responses elicited by mRNA-1647 were comparable across 14 human CMV (HCMV) strains. Frequencies of antigen-specific memory B cells increased in CMV-seropositive and CMV-seronegative participants after each mRNA-1647 dose and remained elevated for up to 6 months after dose 3. mRNA-1647 elicited robust increases in frequencies and polyfunctionality of CD4+ T helper type 1 and effector CD8+ T cells in samples from CMV-seronegative and CMV-seropositive participants after stimulation with HCMV-specific peptides. The administration of three doses of mRNA-1647 to healthy adults elicited high nAb titers with wide-breadth, long-lasting memory B cells, and strong polyfunctional T-cell responses. These findings support further clinical development of the mRNA-1647 vaccine against CMV.IMPORTANCECytomegalovirus (CMV), a common virus that can infect people of all ages, may lead to serious health problems in unborn babies and those with a weakened immune system. Currently, there is no approved vaccine available to prevent CMV infection; however, the investigational messenger RNA (mRNA)-based CMV vaccine, mRNA-1647, is undergoing evaluation in clinical trials. The current analysis examined samples from a phase 1 trial of mRNA-1647 in healthy adults to better understand how the immune system reacts to vaccination. Three doses of mRNA-1647 produced a long-lasting immune response, thus supporting further investigation of the vaccine in the prevention of CMV infection.CLINICAL TRIALSRegistered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03382405).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wu
- Infectious Disease Research, Moderna, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yixuan Jacob Hou
- Infectious Disease Research, Moderna, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Dan Makrinos
- Infectious Disease Research, Moderna, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Runxia Liu
- Infectious Disease Research, Moderna, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alex Zhu
- Infectious Disease Research, Moderna, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Matthew Koch
- Infectious Disease Research, Moderna, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Wen-Han Yu
- Infectious Disease Research, Moderna, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yamuna D. Paila
- Infectious Disease Development, Moderna, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Lori Panther
- Infectious Disease Development, Moderna, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Carole Henry
- Infectious Disease Research, Moderna, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Anthony DiPiazza
- Infectious Disease Research, Moderna, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Andrea Carfi
- Infectious Disease Research, Moderna, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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Mader K, Dustin LB. Beyond bNAbs: Uses, Risks, and Opportunities for Therapeutic Application of Non-Neutralising Antibodies in Viral Infection. Antibodies (Basel) 2024; 13:28. [PMID: 38651408 PMCID: PMC11036282 DOI: 10.3390/antib13020028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The vast majority of antibodies generated against a virus will be non-neutralising. However, this does not denote an absence of protective capacity. Yet, within the field, there is typically a large focus on antibodies capable of directly blocking infection (neutralising antibodies, NAbs) of either specific viral strains or multiple viral strains (broadly-neutralising antibodies, bNAbs). More recently, a focus on non-neutralising antibodies (nNAbs), or neutralisation-independent effects of NAbs, has emerged. These can have additive effects on protection or, in some cases, be a major correlate of protection. As their name suggests, nNAbs do not directly neutralise infection but instead, through their Fc domains, may mediate interaction with other immune effectors to induce clearance of viral particles or virally infected cells. nNAbs may also interrupt viral replication within infected cells. Developing technologies of antibody modification and functionalisation may lead to innovative biologics that harness the activities of nNAbs for antiviral prophylaxis and therapeutics. In this review, we discuss specific examples of nNAb actions in viral infections where they have known importance. We also discuss the potential detrimental effects of such responses. Finally, we explore new technologies for nNAb functionalisation to increase efficacy or introduce favourable characteristics for their therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lynn B. Dustin
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK;
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7
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Gao F, Mora MC, Constantinides M, Coenon L, Multrier C, Vaillant L, Zhang T, Villalba M. g-NK cells from umbilical cord blood are phenotypically and functionally different than g-NK cells from peripheral blood. Oncoimmunology 2023; 12:2283353. [PMID: 38126036 PMCID: PMC10732642 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2023.2283353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
FcRγ-deficient natural killer (NK) cells, designated as g-NK cells, exhibit enhanced antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) capacity and increased IFN-γ and TNF-α production, rendering them promising for antiviral and antitumor responses. g-NK cells from peripheral blood (PB) are often associated with prior human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection. However, the prevalence, phenotype, and function of g-NK cells in umbilical cord blood (UCB-g-NK) remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate significant phenotypical differences between UCB-g-NK and PB-g-NK cells. Unlike PB-g-NK cells, UCB-g-NK cells did not show heightened cytokine production upon CD16 engagement, in contrast to the conventional NK (c-NK) cell counterparts. Interestingly, following in vitro activation, UCB-g-NK cells also exhibited elevated levels of IFN-γ production, particularly when co-cultured with HCMV and plasma from g-NK+ adults. Furthermore, g-NK+ plasma from PB even facilitated the in vitro expansion of UCB-g-NK cells. These findings underscore the phenotypic and functional heterogeneity of g-NK cells based on their origin and demonstrate that components within g-NK+ plasma may directly contribute to the acquisition of an adult phenotype by the "immature" UCB-g-NK cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Gao
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
- IRMB, INSERM, CHRU de Montpellier, University Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | | | | | - Loïs Coenon
- IRMB, INSERM, CHRU de Montpellier, University Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Caroline Multrier
- IRMB, INSERM, CHRU de Montpellier, University Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Loïc Vaillant
- IRMB, INSERM, CHRU de Montpellier, University Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Tianxiang Zhang
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Martin Villalba
- IRMB, INSERM, CHRU de Montpellier, University Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Institut du Cancer Avignon-Provence Sainte Catherine, Avignon, France
- IRMB, INSERM, CHRU de Montpellier, CNRS, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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8
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Zehner M, Alt M, Ashurov A, Goldsmith JA, Spies R, Weiler N, Lerma J, Gieselmann L, Stöhr D, Gruell H, Schultz EP, Kreer C, Schlachter L, Janicki H, Laib Sampaio K, Stegmann C, Nemetchek MD, Dähling S, Ullrich L, Dittmer U, Witzke O, Koch M, Ryckman BJ, Lotfi R, McLellan JS, Krawczyk A, Sinzger C, Klein F. Single-cell analysis of memory B cells from top neutralizers reveals multiple sites of vulnerability within HCMV Trimer and Pentamer. Immunity 2023; 56:2602-2620.e10. [PMID: 37967532 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2023.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) can cause severe diseases in fetuses, newborns, and immunocompromised individuals. Currently, no vaccines are approved, and treatment options are limited. Here, we analyzed the human B cell response of four HCMV top neutralizers from a cohort of 9,000 individuals. By single-cell analyses of memory B cells targeting the pentameric and trimeric HCMV surface complexes, we identified vulnerable sites on the shared gH/gL subunits as well as complex-specific subunits UL128/130/131A and gO. Using high-resolution cryogenic electron microscopy, we revealed the structural basis of the neutralization mechanisms of antibodies targeting various binding sites. Moreover, we identified highly potent antibodies that neutralized a broad spectrum of HCMV strains, including primary clinical isolates, that outperform known antibodies used in clinical trials. Our study provides a deep understanding of the mechanisms of HCMV neutralization and identifies promising antibody candidates to prevent and treat HCMV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Zehner
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Institute of Virology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany.
| | - Mira Alt
- Department of Infectious Diseases, West German Centre of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Artem Ashurov
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Institute of Virology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Jory A Goldsmith
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Rebecca Spies
- Institute for Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Nina Weiler
- Institute for Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Justin Lerma
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Lutz Gieselmann
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Institute of Virology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany; German Center for Infection Research, Partner Site Bonn-Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Dagmar Stöhr
- Institute for Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Henning Gruell
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Institute of Virology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Eric P Schultz
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA; Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA
| | - Christoph Kreer
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Institute of Virology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Linda Schlachter
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Institute of Virology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Hanna Janicki
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Institute of Virology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Cora Stegmann
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA; Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA
| | - Michelle D Nemetchek
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA; Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA
| | - Sabrina Dähling
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Institute of Virology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Leon Ullrich
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Institute of Virology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Ulf Dittmer
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Oliver Witzke
- Department of Infectious Diseases, West German Centre of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Manuel Koch
- Institute for Dental Research and Oral Musculoskeletal Biology, Center for Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Brent J Ryckman
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA; Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA
| | - Ramin Lotfi
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Jason S McLellan
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Adalbert Krawczyk
- Department of Infectious Diseases, West German Centre of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; Institute for Virology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Christian Sinzger
- Institute for Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Florian Klein
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Institute of Virology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany; German Center for Infection Research, Partner Site Bonn-Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University Hospital of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany.
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