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Takasaki K, Wafula EK, Kumar SS, Smith D, Gagne AL, French DL, Thom CS, Chou ST. Single-cell transcriptomics reveal synergistic and antagonistic effects of T21 and GATA1s on hematopoiesis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.24.595827. [PMID: 38826323 PMCID: PMC11142253 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.24.595827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Trisomy 21 (T21), or Down syndrome (DS), is associated with baseline macrocytic erythrocytosis, thrombocytopenia, and neutrophilia, and transient abnormal myelopoiesis (TAM) and myeloid leukemia of DS (ML-DS). TAM and ML-DS blasts both arise from an aberrant megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor and exclusively express GATA1s, the truncated isoform of GATA1 , while germline GATA1s mutations in a non-T21 context lead to congenital cytopenias without a leukemic predisposition. This suggests that T21 and GATA1s perturb hematopoiesis independently and synergistically, but this interaction has been challenging to study in part due to limited human cell and murine models. To dissect the developmental impacts of GATA1s on hematopoiesis in euploid and T21 cells, we performed a single-cell RNA-sequencing timecourse on hematopoietic progenitors (HPCs) derived from isogenic human induced pluripotent stem cells differing only by chromosome 21 and/or GATA1 status. These HPCs were surprisingly heterogeneous and displayed spontaneous lineage skew apparently dictated by T21 and/or GATA1s. In euploid cells, GATA1s nearly eliminated erythropoiesis, impaired MK maturation, and promoted an immature myelopoiesis, while in T21 cells, GATA1s appeared to compete with the enhanced erythropoiesis and suppressed megakaryopoiesis driven by T21 to give rise to immature erythrocytes, MKs, and myeloid cells. T21 and GATA1s both disrupted temporal regulation of lineage-specific transcriptional programs and specifically perturbed cell cycle genes. These findings in an isogenic system can thus be attributed specifically to T21 and GATA1s and suggest that these genetic changes together enhance HPC proliferation at the expense of maturation, consistent with a pro-leukemic phenotype.
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Chen CC, Silberman RE, Ma D, Perry JA, Khalid D, Pikman Y, Amon A, Hemann MT, Rowe RG. Inherent genome instability underlies trisomy 21-associated myeloid malignancies. Leukemia 2024; 38:521-529. [PMID: 38245602 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-024-02151-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Constitutional trisomy 21 (T21) is a state of aneuploidy associated with high incidence of childhood acute myeloid leukemia (AML). T21-associated AML is preceded by transient abnormal myelopoiesis (TAM), which is triggered by truncating mutations in GATA1 generating a short GATA1 isoform (GATA1s). T21-associated AML emerges due to secondary mutations in hematopoietic clones bearing GATA1s. Since aneuploidy generally impairs cellular fitness, the paradoxically elevated risk of myeloid malignancy in T21 is not fully understood. We hypothesized that individuals with T21 bear inherent genome instability in hematopoietic lineages that promotes leukemogenic mutations driving the genesis of TAM and AML. We found that individuals with T21 show increased chromosomal copy number variations (CNVs) compared to euploid individuals, suggesting that genome instability could be underlying predisposition to TAM and AML. Acquisition of GATA1s enforces myeloid skewing and maintenance of the hematopoietic progenitor state independently of T21; however, GATA1s in T21 hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) further augments genome instability. Increased dosage of the chromosome 21 (chr21) gene DYRK1A impairs homology-directed DNA repair as a mechanism of elevated mutagenesis. These results posit a model wherein inherent genome instability in T21 drives myeloid malignancy in concert with GATA1s mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Chin Chen
- Stem Cell Transplantation Program, Stem Cell Program, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rebecca E Silberman
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- RA Capital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Duanduan Ma
- The Barbara K. Ostrom (1978) Bioinformatics and Computing Facility, Swanson Biotechnology Center, Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jennifer A Perry
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Delan Khalid
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yana Pikman
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Angelika Amon
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Michael T Hemann
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - R Grant Rowe
- Stem Cell Transplantation Program, Stem Cell Program, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Takasaki K, Chou ST. GATA1 in Normal and Pathologic Megakaryopoiesis and Platelet Development. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1459:261-287. [PMID: 39017848 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-62731-6_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
GATA1 is a highly conserved hematopoietic transcription factor (TF), essential for normal erythropoiesis and megakaryopoiesis, that encodes a full-length, predominant isoform and an amino (N) terminus-truncated isoform GATA1s. It is consistently expressed throughout megakaryocyte development and interacts with its target genes either independently or in association with binding partners such as FOG1 (friend of GATA1). While the N-terminus and zinc finger have classically been demonstrated to be necessary for the normal regulation of platelet-specific genes, murine models, cell-line studies, and human case reports indicate that the carboxy-terminal activation domain and zinc finger also play key roles in precisely controlling megakaryocyte growth, proliferation, and maturation. Murine models have shown that disruptions to GATA1 increase the proliferation of immature megakaryocytes with abnormal architecture and impaired terminal differentiation into platelets. In humans, germline GATA1 mutations result in variable cytopenias, including macrothrombocytopenia with abnormal platelet aggregation and excessive bleeding tendencies, while acquired GATA1s mutations in individuals with trisomy 21 (T21) result in transient abnormal myelopoiesis (TAM) and myeloid leukemia of Down syndrome (ML-DS) arising from a megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor (MEP). Taken together, GATA1 plays a key role in regulating megakaryocyte differentiation, maturation, and proliferative capacity. As sequencing and proteomic technologies expand, additional GATA1 mutations and regulatory mechanisms contributing to human diseases of megakaryocytes and platelets are likely to be revealed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaoru Takasaki
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Stella T Chou
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Division of Transfusion Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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