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Argandona Lopez C, Brown AM. Microglial- neuronal crosstalk in chronic viral infection through mTOR, SPP1/OPN and inflammasome pathway signaling. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1368465. [PMID: 38646526 PMCID: PMC11032048 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1368465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
HIV-infection of microglia and macrophages (MMs) induces neuronal injury and chronic release of inflammatory stimuli through direct and indirect molecular pathways. A large percentage of people with HIV-associated neurologic and psychiatric co-morbidities have high levels of circulating inflammatory molecules. Microglia, given their susceptibility to HIV infection and long-lived nature, are reservoirs for persistent infection. MMs and neurons possess the molecular machinery to detect pathogen nucleic acids and proteins to activate innate immune signals. Full activation of inflammasome assembly and expression of IL-1β requires a priming event and a second signal. Many studies have demonstrated that HIV infection alone can activate inflammasome activity. Interestingly, secreted phosphoprotein-1 (SPP1/OPN) expression is highly upregulated in the CNS of people infected with HIV and neurologic dysfunction. Interestingly, all evidence thus far suggests a protective function of SPP1 signaling through mammalian target of rapamycin (mTORC1/2) pathway function to counter HIV-neuronal injury. Moreover, HIV-infected mice knocked down for SPP1 show by neuroimaging, increased neuroinflammation compared to controls. This suggests that SPP1 uses unique regulatory mechanisms to control the level of inflammatory signaling. In this mini review, we discuss the known and yet-to-be discovered biological links between SPP1-mediated stimulation of mTOR and inflammasome activity. Additional new mechanistic insights from studies in relevant experimental models will provide a greater understanding of crosstalk between microglia and neurons in the regulation of CNS homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catalina Argandona Lopez
- Division of Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Amanda M. Brown
- Division of Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Division of Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
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2
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Miner MD, Hatherill M, Mave V, Gray GE, Nachman S, Read SW, White RG, Hesseling A, Cobelens F, Patel S, Frick M, Bailey T, Seder R, Flynn J, Rengarajan J, Kaushal D, Hanekom W, Schmidt AC, Scriba TJ, Nemes E, Andersen-Nissen E, Landay A, Dorman SE, Aldrovandi G, Cranmer LM, Day CL, Garcia-Basteiro AL, Fiore-Gartland A, Mogg R, Kublin JG, Gupta A, Churchyard G. Developing tuberculosis vaccines for people with HIV: consensus statements from an international expert panel. Lancet HIV 2022; 9:e791-e800. [PMID: 36240834 PMCID: PMC9667733 DOI: 10.1016/s2352-3018(22)00255-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
New tuberculosis vaccine candidates that are in the development pipeline need to be studied in people with HIV, who are at high risk of acquiring Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and tuberculosis disease and tend to develop less robust vaccine-induced immune responses. To address the gaps in developing tuberculosis vaccines for people with HIV, a series of symposia was held that posed six framing questions to a panel of international experts: What is the use case or rationale for developing tuberculosis vaccines? What is the landscape of tuberculosis vaccines? Which vaccine candidates should be prioritised? What are the tuberculosis vaccine trial design considerations? What is the role of immunological correlates of protection? What are the gaps in preclinical models for studying tuberculosis vaccines? The international expert panel formulated consensus statements to each of the framing questions, with the intention of informing tuberculosis vaccine development and the prioritisation of clinical trials for inclusion of people with HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mark Hatherill
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Vidya Mave
- Johns Hopkins India, Byramjee-Jeejeebhoy Government Medical College Clinical Research Site, Pune, India
| | - Glenda E Gray
- South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Sharon Nachman
- Department of Pediatrics, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Sarah W Read
- Division of AIDS, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Richard G White
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Anneke Hesseling
- Desmond Tutu Tuberculosis Centre, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Frank Cobelens
- Department of Global Health, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sheral Patel
- US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Mike Frick
- Treatment Action Group, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Robert Seder
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Joanne Flynn
- Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Deepak Kaushal
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Willem Hanekom
- Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
| | | | - Thomas J Scriba
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Elisa Nemes
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Erica Andersen-Nissen
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA; Cape Town HIV Vaccine Trials Network (HVTN) Immunology Laboratory, Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | - Susan E Dorman
- Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Grace Aldrovandi
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lisa M Cranmer
- Emory School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Cheryl L Day
- Emory School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Alberto L Garcia-Basteiro
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de investigação de Saúde de Manhiça, Maputo, Mozambique
| | | | - Robin Mogg
- Takeda Pharmaceutical Company, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - James G Kublin
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Amita Gupta
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Gavin Churchyard
- The Aurum Institute, Johannesburg, South Africa; School of Public Health, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
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3
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Hove-Skovsgaard M, Møller DL, Hald A, Gerstoft J, Lundgren J, Ostrowski SR, Nielsen SD. Improved induced innate immune response after cART initiation in people with HIV. Front Immunol 2022; 13:974767. [PMID: 36059528 PMCID: PMC9428745 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.974767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Impairment of the innate immune function may contribute to the increased risk of bacterial and viral infections in people with HIV (PWH). In this study we aimed to investigate the induced innate immune responses in PWH prior to and after initiation of combinational antiretroviral therapy (cART). Furthermore, we aimed to investigate if the induced innate immune responses before initiation of cART were associated with CD4+ T-cell recovery one year after initiating cART. Material and method The induced innate immune response was assessed by the TruCulture® whole blood technique in 32 PWH before cART initiation and after 1, 6 and 12 months. To mimic bacterial and viral infections we used a panel of three stimuli (lipopolysaccharide (LPS), resiquimod (R848), and polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (Poly I:C)) to stimulate the extracellular Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 and the intracellular TLR7/8 and TLR3, respectively. The following cytokine responses were analyzed by Luminex 200: Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF)-α, Interleukin (IL)-1b, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p40, IL17A, Interferon (IFN)-α, and IFN-γ. Results At baseline PWH with nadir CD4+ T-cell count <350 cell/µL had lower levels of LPS-, R848-, and Poly I:C-induced IL-6 and IFN-γ, LPS- and R848-induced TNF-α and IL-12, LPS induced IL-1b, and R848-induced IL-10 than PWH with nadir CD4+ T-cell count >350 cells/µL. The majority (>50%) had induced cytokine concentrations below the reference intervals at baseline which was most pronounced for the LPS- and Poly I:C-induced responses. The induced responses in the whole population improved after 12 months of cART, and more PWH had induced cytokine concentrations within the reference intervals after 12 months. However, the majority of PWH still had LPS-induced INF-α, INF-γ and Poly I:C-induced TNF-α and IL-6 below the reference interval. The induced innate immune responses before cART initiation were not associated with the CD4+ T-cell recovery after 12 months of cART. Conclusion The innate immune response was impaired in PWH, with a more pronounced impairment in PWH with low nadir CD4+ T-cell count. Initiation of cART improved the innate immune response, but compared to the reference intervals, some impairment remained in PWH without viral replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malene Hove-Skovsgaard
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dina Leth Møller
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Annemette Hald
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jan Gerstoft
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens Lundgren
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Centre of Excellence for Health, Immunity, and Infections, Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sisse Rye Ostrowski
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Susanne Dam Nielsen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- *Correspondence: Susanne Dam Nielsen,
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4
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Scully EP, Bryson BD. Unlocking the complexity of HIV and Mycobacterium tuberculosis coinfection. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:154407. [PMID: 34779416 DOI: 10.1172/jci154407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
HIV and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) coinfection increases the risk of active tuberculosis (aTB), but how HIV infection and medications contribute to drive risk remains unknown. In this issue of the JCI, Correa-Macedo and Fava et al. investigated alveolar macrophages (AMs) from people living with HIV (PLWH). To mimic the earliest event in tuberculosis (TB), the authors isolated AMs from broncheoalveolar lavage (BAL) of PLWH, healthy individuals, and healthy individuals taking antitretroviral therapy (ART) as preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) to prevent HIV acquisition. These AMs were exposed to M. tuberculosis and epigenetic configuration, transcriptional responses, and cytokine production were assessed. M. tuberculosis-stimulated AMs from PLWH and from healthy individuals on PrEP showed blunted responses compared with healthy controls. While HIV infection is the major risk factor for TB, these findings suggest that ART may modulate AM responses and potentially contribute to residual risk of aTB in fully treated HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eileen P Scully
- Johns Hopkins University, Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Bryan D Bryson
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Biological Engineering, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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5
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Moncunill G, Dobaño C, González R, Smolen KK, Manaca MN, Balcells R, Jairoce C, Cisteró P, Vala A, Sevene E, Rupérez M, Aponte JJ, Macete E, Menéndez C, Kollmann TR, Mayor A. Association of Maternal Factors and HIV Infection With Innate Cytokine Responses of Delivering Mothers and Newborns in Mozambique. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1452. [PMID: 32765436 PMCID: PMC7381182 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal factors and exposure to pathogens have an impact on infant health. For instance, HIV exposed but uninfected infants have higher morbidity and mortality than HIV unexposed infants. Innate responses are the first line of defense and orchestrate the subsequent adaptive immune response and are especially relevant in newborns. To determine the association of maternal HIV infection with maternal and newborn innate immunity we analyzed the cytokine responses upon pattern recognition receptor (PRR) stimulations in the triad of maternal peripheral and placental blood as well as in cord blood in a cohort of mother-infant pairs from southern Mozambique. A total of 48 women (35 HIV-uninfected and 13 HIV-infected) were included. Women and infant innate responses positively correlated with each other. Age, gravidity and sex of the fetus had some associations with spontaneous production of cytokines in the maternal peripheral blood. HIV-infected women not receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) before pregnancy showed decreased IL-8 and IL-6 PRR responses in peripheral blood compared to those HIV-uninfected, and PRR hyporesponsiveness for IL-8 was also found in the corresponding infant’s cord blood. HIV infection had a greater impact on placental blood responses, with significantly increased pro-inflammatory, TH1 and TH17 PRR responses in HIV-infected women not receiving ART before pregnancy compared to HIV-uninfected women. In conclusion, innate response of the mother and her newborn was altered by HIV infection in the women who did not receive ART before pregnancy. As these responses could be related to birth outcomes, targeted innate immune modulation could improve maternal and newborn health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Moncunill
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Maputo, Mozambique.,Department of Pediatrics, BC Children's Hospital, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Experimental Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Carlota Dobaño
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Maputo, Mozambique.,Consorcio de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel González
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Maputo, Mozambique.,Department of Experimental Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Kinga K Smolen
- Department of Pediatrics, BC Children's Hospital, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Experimental Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Maria N Manaca
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Reyes Balcells
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Chenjerai Jairoce
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Pau Cisteró
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anifa Vala
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Esperança Sevene
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Maputo, Mozambique.,Department of Physiological Science, Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - María Rupérez
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Maputo, Mozambique
| | - John J Aponte
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Eusébio Macete
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Clara Menéndez
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Maputo, Mozambique.,Consorcio de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Tobias R Kollmann
- Department of Pediatrics, BC Children's Hospital, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Experimental Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Alfredo Mayor
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Maputo, Mozambique.,Consorcio de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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6
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Martrus G, Goebels H, Langeneckert AE, Kah J, Flomm F, Ziegler AE, Niehrs A, Löbl SM, Russu K, Hess LU, Salzberger W, Poch T, Nashan B, Schramm C, Oldhafer KJ, Dandri M, Koch M, Lunemann S, Altfeld M. CD49a Expression Identifies a Subset of Intrahepatic Macrophages in Humans. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1247. [PMID: 31231382 PMCID: PMC6568245 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages play central roles in inflammatory reactions and initiation of immune responses during infections. More than 80% of total tissue macrophages are described to be located in the liver as liver-resident macrophages, also named Kupffer cells (KCs). While studies in mice have established a central role of liver-resident KCs in regulating liver inflammation, their phenotype and function are not well-characterized in humans. Comparing paired human liver and peripheral blood samples, we observed significant differences in the distribution of macrophage (Mφ) subsets, with lower frequencies of CD14hiCD16lo and higher frequencies of CD14int−hiCD16int Mφ in human livers. Intrahepatic Mφ consisted of diverse subsets with differential expression of CD49a, a liver-residency marker previously described for human and mice NK cells, and VSIG4 and/or MARCO, two recently described human tissue Mφ markers. Furthermore, intrahepatic CD49a+ Mφ expressed significantly higher levels of maturation and activation markers, exhibited higher baseline levels of TNF-α, IL-12, and IL-10 production, but responded less to additional in vitro TLR stimulation. In contrast, intrahepatic CD49a− Mφ were highly responsive to stimulation with TLR ligands, similar to what was observed for CD49a− monocytes (MOs) in peripheral blood. Taken together, these studies identified populations of CD49a+, VSIG4+, and/or MARCO+ Mφ in human livers, and demonstrated that intrahepatic CD49a+ Mφ differed in phenotype and function from intrahepatic CD49a− Mφ as well as from peripheral blood-derived monocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glòria Martrus
- Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hanna Goebels
- Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Annika E Langeneckert
- Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Janine Kah
- Internal Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Center of Internal Medicine II, Brandenburg Medical School, University Hospital Brandenburg, Brandenburg, Germany
| | - Felix Flomm
- Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Annerose E Ziegler
- Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Annika Niehrs
- Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian M Löbl
- Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kristina Russu
- Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Leonard U Hess
- Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Wilhelm Salzberger
- Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Poch
- Internal Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Martin Zeitz Center for Rare Diseases, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Björn Nashan
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Transplant Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Clinic of Hepato-Pancreatico-Biliary Surgery and The Transplantation Center, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Medical Center, University of Sciences & Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Christoph Schramm
- Internal Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Martin Zeitz Center for Rare Diseases, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Karl J Oldhafer
- Department of General & Abdominal Surgery, Asklepios Hospital Barmbek, Semmelweis University of Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Maura Dandri
- Internal Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martina Koch
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Transplant Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Department for General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Sebastian Lunemann
- Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marcus Altfeld
- Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany
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7
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Cutinho PF, Roy J, Anand A, Cheluvaraj R, Murahari M, Chimatapu HSV. Design of metronidazole derivatives and flavonoids as potential non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors using combined ligand- and structure-based approaches. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2019; 38:1626-1648. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2019.1614094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pretisha Flora Cutinho
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, M.S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Jaydeep Roy
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, M.S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Avinash Anand
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, M.S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Ravishankar Cheluvaraj
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, M.S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Manikanta Murahari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, M.S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bangalore, India
- Pharmacological Modelling & Simulation Centre, M.S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bangalore, India
| | - H. S. Venkataramana Chimatapu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, M.S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bangalore, India
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8
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Uncovering complex molecular networks in host-pathogen interactions using systems biology. Emerg Top Life Sci 2019; 3:371-378. [PMID: 33523202 DOI: 10.1042/etls20180174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Interactions between pathogens and their hosts can induce complex changes in both host and pathogen states to privilege pathogen survival or host clearance of the pathogen. To determine the consequences of specific host-pathogen interactions, a variety of techniques in microbiology, cell biology, and immunology are available to researchers. Systems biology that enables unbiased measurements of transcriptomes, proteomes, and other biomolecules has become increasingly common in the study of host-pathogen interactions. These approaches can be used to generate novel hypotheses or to characterize the effects of particular perturbations across an entire biomolecular network. With proper experimental design and complementary data analysis tools, high-throughput omics techniques can provide novel insights into the mechanisms that underlie processes from phagocytosis to pathogen immune evasion. Here, we provide an overview of the suite of biochemical approaches for high-throughput analyses of host-pathogen interactions, analytical frameworks for understanding the resulting datasets, and a vision for the future of this exciting field.
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9
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Ijaz H, Qureshi J, Tulain UR, Iqbal F, Danish Z, Fayyaz A, Sethi A. Lipid particulate drug delivery systems: a review. BIOINSPIRED BIOMIMETIC AND NANOBIOMATERIALS 2018. [DOI: 10.1680/jbibn.16.00039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hira Ijaz
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Junaid Qureshi
- Department of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | | | - Furqan Iqbal
- Department of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Zeeshan Danish
- University College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ahad Fayyaz
- Department of Pathology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ayesha Sethi
- College of Pharmacy, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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10
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Milev MP, Yao X, Berthoux L, Mouland AJ. Impacts of virus-mediated manipulation of host Dynein. DYNEINS 2018. [PMCID: PMC7150161 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-809470-9.00010-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
In general viruses' modus operandi to propagate is achieved by the co-opting host cell components, membranes, proteins, and machineries to their advantage. This is true for virtually every aspect of a virus' replication cycle from virus entry to the budding or release of progeny virus particles. In this chapter, we will discuss new information on the impacts of virus-mediated manipulation of Dynein motor complexes and associated machineries and factors. We will highlight how these host cell components impact on pathogenicity and immune responses, as many of the virus-mediated hijacked components also play pivotal roles in immune responses to pathogen insult. There are several comprehensive reviews that define virus–Dynein interactions including the first edition of this book that describes how viruses manipulate the host cell machineries their advantage. An updated table is included to summarize these virus–host interactions. Notably, barriers to intracellular translocation represent major hurdles to viral components during de novo infection and during active replication and the generation of progeny virus particles. Clearly, the subversion of host cell molecular motor protein activities takes advantage of constitutive and regulated membrane trafficking events and will target virus components to intracytoplasmic locales and membrane assembly. Broadening our understanding of the interplay between viruses, Dynein and the cytoskeleton will likely inform on new types of therapies. Continual enhancement of the breadth of new information on how viruses manipulate host cell biology will inevitably aid in the identification of new targets that can be poisoned to block old, new, and emerging viruses alike in their tracks.
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Bocharov G, Meyerhans A, Bessonov N, Trofimchuk S, Volpert V. Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Virus Infection Spreading in Tissues. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0168576. [PMID: 27997613 PMCID: PMC5173377 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Virus spreading in tissues is determined by virus transport, virus multiplication in host cells and the virus-induced immune response. Cytotoxic T cells remove infected cells with a rate determined by the infection level. The intensity of the immune response has a bell-shaped dependence on the concentration of virus, i.e., it increases at low and decays at high infection levels. A combination of these effects and a time delay in the immune response determine the development of virus infection in tissues like spleen or lymph nodes. The mathematical model described in this work consists of reaction-diffusion equations with a delay. It shows that the different regimes of infection spreading like the establishment of a low level infection, a high level infection or a transition between both are determined by the initial virus load and by the intensity of the immune response. The dynamics of the model solutions include simple and composed waves, and periodic and aperiodic oscillations. The results of analytical and numerical studies of the model provide a systematic basis for a quantitative understanding and interpretation of the determinants of the infection process in target organs and tissues from the image-derived data as well as of the spatiotemporal mechanisms of viral disease pathogenesis, and have direct implications for a biopsy-based medical testing of the chronic infection processes caused by viruses, e.g. HIV, HCV and HBV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gennady Bocharov
- Institute of Numerical Mathematics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
- Gamaleya Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moscow, Russian Federation
- RUDN University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Andreas Meyerhans
- Institute of Numerical Mathematics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
- Infection Biology Laboratory, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- ICREA, Pg. Lluís Companys 23, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nickolai Bessonov
- Institute of Problems of Mechanical Engineering, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Sergei Trofimchuk
- Instituto de Matemática y Fisica, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Vitaly Volpert
- Institute of Numerical Mathematics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
- Institut Camille Jordan, UMR 5208 CNRS, University Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
- INRIA Team Dracula, INRIA Lyon La Doua, Villeurbanne, France
- Laboratoire Poncelet, UMI 2615 CNRS, Moscow, Russian Federation
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Increased frequencies of CD8 +CD57 + T cells are associated with antibody neutralization breadth against HIV in viraemic controllers. J Int AIDS Soc 2016; 19:21136. [PMID: 27938646 PMCID: PMC5149708 DOI: 10.7448/ias.19.1.21136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2016] [Revised: 10/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction An effective prophylactic vaccine against HIV will need to elicit antibody responses capable of recognizing and neutralizing rapidly evolving antigenic regions. The immunologic milieu associated with development of neutralizing antibody breadth remains to be fully defined. In this study, we sought to identify immunological signatures associated with neutralization breadth in HIV controllers. We applied an immune monitoring approach to analyze markers of T cell and myeloid cell activation by flow cytometry, comparing broad neutralizers with low- and non-neutralizers using multivariate and univariate analyses. Methods Antibody neutralization breadth was determined, and cryopreserved peripheral blood mononuclear cells were stained for T cell and myeloid cell activation markers. Subjects were grouped according to neutralization breadth, and T cell and myeloid cell activation was analyzed by partial least squares discriminant analysis to determine immune signatures associated with high neutralization breadth. Results We show that neutralization breadth in HIV viraemic controllers (VC) was strongly associated with increased frequencies of CD8+CD57+ T cells and that this association was independent of viral load, CD4 count and time since HIV diagnosis. Conclusions Our data show elevated frequencies of CD8+CD57+ T cells in VC who develop neutralization breadth against HIV. This immune signature could serve as a potential biomarker of neutralization breadth and should be further investigated in other HIV-positive cohorts and in HIV vaccine trials.
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