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Cooley MB, Wegierak D, Exner AA. Using imaging modalities to predict nanoparticle distribution and treatment efficacy in solid tumors: The growing role of ultrasound. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 16:e1957. [PMID: 38558290 PMCID: PMC11006412 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Nanomedicine in oncology has not had the success in clinical impact that was anticipated in the early stages of the field's development. Ideally, nanomedicines selectively accumulate in tumor tissue and reduce systemic side effects compared to traditional chemotherapeutics. However, this has been more successful in preclinical animal models than in humans. The causes of this failure to translate may be related to the intra- and inter-patient heterogeneity of the tumor microenvironment. Predicting whether a patient will respond positively to treatment prior to its initiation, through evaluation of characteristics like nanoparticle extravasation and retention potential in the tumor, may be a way to improve nanomedicine success rate. While there are many potential strategies to accomplish this, prediction and patient stratification via noninvasive medical imaging may be the most efficient and specific strategy. There have been some preclinical and clinical advances in this area using MRI, CT, PET, and other modalities. An alternative approach that has not been studied as extensively is biomedical ultrasound, including techniques such as multiparametric contrast-enhanced ultrasound (mpCEUS), doppler, elastography, and super-resolution processing. Ultrasound is safe, inexpensive, noninvasive, and capable of imaging the entire tumor with high temporal and spatial resolution. In this work, we summarize the in vivo imaging tools that have been used to predict nanoparticle distribution and treatment efficacy in oncology. We emphasize ultrasound imaging and the recent developments in the field concerning CEUS. The successful implementation of an imaging strategy for prediction of nanoparticle accumulation in tumors could lead to increased clinical translation of nanomedicines, and subsequently, improved patient outcomes. This article is categorized under: Diagnostic Tools In Vivo Nanodiagnostics and Imaging Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery Emerging Technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela B Cooley
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Dana Wegierak
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Agata A Exner
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals of Cleveland, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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Ito K, Yamaguchi M, Semba T, Tabata K, Tamura M, Aoyama M, Abe T, Asano O, Terada Y, Funahashi Y, Fujii H. Amelioration of Tumor-promoting Microenvironment via Vascular Remodeling and CAF Suppression Using E7130: Biomarker Analysis by Multimodal Imaging Modalities. Mol Cancer Ther 2024; 23:235-247. [PMID: 37816248 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-23-0158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
E7130 is a novel anticancer agent created from total synthetic study of the natural compound norhalichondrin B. In addition to inhibiting microtubule dynamics, E7130 also ameliorates tumor-promoting aspects of the tumor microenvironment (TME) by suppressing cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) and promoting remodeling of tumor vasculature. Here, we demonstrate TME amelioration by E7130 using multi-imaging modalities, including multiplexed mass cytometry [cytometry by time-of-flight (CyTOF)] analysis, multiplex IHC analysis, and MRI. Experimental solid tumors characterized by large numbers of CAFs in TME were treated with E7130. E7130 suppressed LAP-TGFβ1 production, a precursor of TGFβ1, in CAFs but not in cancer cells; an effect that was accompanied by a reduction of circulating TGFβ1 in plasma. To our best knowledge, this is the first report to show a reduction of TGFβ1 production in TME. Furthermore, multiplex IHC analysis revealed reduced cellularity and increased TUNEL-positive apoptotic cells in E7130-treated xenografts. Increased microvessel density (MVD) and collagen IV (Col IV), an extracellular matrix (ECM) component associated with endothelial cells, were also observed in the TME, and plasma Col IV levels were also increased by E7130 treatment. MRI revealed increased accumulation of a contrast agent in xenografts. Moreover, diffusion-weighted MRI after E7130 treatment indicated reduction of tumor cellularity and interstitial fluid pressure. Overall, our findings strongly support the mechanism of action that E7130 alters the TME in therapeutically beneficial ways. Importantly, from a translational perspective, our data demonstrated MRI as a noninvasive biomarker to detect TME amelioration by E7130, supported by consistent changes in plasma biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Ito
- Eisai Co., Ltd., Tsukuba Research Laboratory, Tsukuba, Ibaragi, Japan
- National Cancer Center, Division of Functional Imaging, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masayuki Yamaguchi
- National Cancer Center, Division of Functional Imaging, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Taro Semba
- Eisai Co., Ltd., Tsukuba Research Laboratory, Tsukuba, Ibaragi, Japan
| | - Kimiyo Tabata
- Eisai Co., Ltd., Tsukuba Research Laboratory, Tsukuba, Ibaragi, Japan
| | - Moe Tamura
- Eisai Co., Ltd., Tsukuba Research Laboratory, Tsukuba, Ibaragi, Japan
| | - Muneo Aoyama
- Eisai Co., Ltd., Tsukuba Research Laboratory, Tsukuba, Ibaragi, Japan
| | - Takanori Abe
- Eisai Co., Ltd., Tsukuba Research Laboratory, Tsukuba, Ibaragi, Japan
| | - Osamu Asano
- Eisai Co., Ltd., Tsukuba Research Laboratory, Tsukuba, Ibaragi, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Terada
- National Cancer Center, Division of Functional Imaging, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | | | - Hirofumi Fujii
- National Cancer Center, Division of Functional Imaging, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
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Daldrup-Link HE. Pretherapy Ferumoxytol-enhanced MRI for Metastatic Breast Cancer: A New Approach for Predicting Tumor Delivery of Macromolecular Therapeutics? Radiol Imaging Cancer 2023; 5:e220183. [PMID: 36734849 PMCID: PMC10077083 DOI: 10.1148/rycan.220183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
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Pourmadadi M, Ahmadi MJ, Dinani HS, Ajalli N, Dorkoosh F. Theranostic applications of stimulus-responsive systems based on Fe2O3. Pharm Nanotechnol 2022; 10:90-112. [PMID: 35142274 DOI: 10.2174/2211738510666220210105113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
According to the interaction of nanoparticles with biological systems, enthusiasm for nanotechnology in biomedical applications has been developed in the past decades. Fe2O3 nanoparticles, as the most stable iron oxide, have special merits that make them useful widely for detecting diseases, therapy, drug delivery, and monitoring the therapeutic process. This review presents the fabrication methods of Fe2O3-based materials and their photocatalytic and magnetic properties. Then, we highlight the application of Fe2O3-based nanoparticles in diagnosis and imaging, different therapy methods, and finally, stimulus-responsive systems, such as pH-responsive, magnetic-responsive, redox-responsive, and enzyme-responsive, with an emphasis on cancer treatment. In addition, the potential of Fe2O3 to combine diagnosis and therapy within a single particle called theranostic agent will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrab Pourmadadi
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javad Ahmadi
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Narges Ajalli
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farid Dorkoosh
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
- Medical Biomaterial Research Center (MBR), Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
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5
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Manipulating dynamic tumor vessel permeability to enhance polymeric micelle accumulation. J Control Release 2020; 329:63-75. [PMID: 33278478 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.11.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Selectively delivering anticancer drugs to solid tumors while avoiding their accumulation in healthy tissues is a major goal in polymeric micelle research. We have recently discovered that the extravasation and permeation of polymeric micelles occur in a dynamic manner characterized by vascular bursts followed by a brief and vigorous outward flow of fluid (called "nano-eruptions"). Nano-eruptions allow delivery of polymeric micelle-associated drugs, though delivery can be heterogeneous both among tumors and within an individual tumor, leading to suboptimal intratumoral distribution. Manipulation of nano-eruptions is expected to improve the efficiency of drug delivery systems (DDSs). By using compounds that affect the intratumoral environment, i.e. a TGF-β inhibitor and chloroquine, the possibility of manipulating nano-eruptions to improve delivery efficiency was investigated. Both compounds were tested in a mouse xenograft model of GFP-labeled pancreatic tumor cells by tracing nano-eruption events and extravasation of size-modulated polymeric micelles in real-time through intravital confocal laser scanning microscopy. The TGF-β inhibitor increased the number of dynamic vents, extended duration time, and generated dynamic vents with a wide range of sizes. Chloroquine did not affect the frequency of nano-eruptions, but it increased tumor vessel diameter, maximum nano-eruption area, and maximum radial increase. Both the TGF-β inhibitor and chloroquine augmented nano-eruptions to diffuse polymeric micelles through tumor stroma, and these medications had a greater effect on the polymeric micelles with larger size, i.e. 70-nm, than on the smaller polymeric micelles having a 30-nm diameter. The results indicate that TGF-β inhibition and chloroquine refashion the intratumoral distribution of DDSs by different mechanisms.
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Ng TS, Garlin MA, Weissleder R, Miller MA. Improving nanotherapy delivery and action through image-guided systems pharmacology. Theranostics 2020; 10:968-997. [PMID: 31938046 PMCID: PMC6956809 DOI: 10.7150/thno.37215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite recent advances in the translation of therapeutic nanoparticles (TNPs) into the clinic, the field continues to face challenges in predictably and selectively delivering nanomaterials for the treatment of solid cancers. The concept of enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) has been coined as a convenient but simplistic descriptor of high TNP accumulation in some tumors. However, in practice EPR represents a number of physiological variables rather than a single one (including dysfunctional vasculature, compromised lymphatics and recruited host cells, among other aspects of the tumor microenvironment) — each of which can be highly heterogenous within a given tumor, patient and across patients. Therefore, a clear need exists to dissect the specific biophysical factors underlying the EPR effect, to formulate better TNP designs, and to identify patients with high-EPR tumors who are likely to respond to TNP. The overall pharmacology of TNP is governed by an interconnected set of spatially defined and dynamic processes that benefit from a systems-level quantitative approach, and insights into the physiology have profited from the marriage between in vivo imaging and quantitative systems pharmacology (QSP) methodologies. In this article, we review recent developments pertinent to image-guided systems pharmacology of nanomedicines in oncology. We first discuss recent developments of quantitative imaging technologies that enable analysis of nanomaterial pharmacology at multiple spatiotemporal scales, and then examine reports that have adopted these imaging technologies to guide QSP approaches. In particular, we focus on studies that have integrated multi-scale imaging with computational modeling to derive insights about the EPR effect, as well as studies that have used modeling to guide the manipulation of the EPR effect and other aspects of the tumor microenvironment for improving TNP action. We anticipate that the synergistic combination of imaging with systems-level computational methods for effective clinical translation of TNPs will only grow in relevance as technologies increase in resolution, multiplexing capability, and in the ability to examine heterogeneous behaviors at the single-cell level.
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Mehdipour M, Etienne J, Chen CC, Gathwala R, Rehman M, Kato C, Liu C, Liu Y, Zuo Y, Conboy MJ, Conboy IM. Rejuvenation of brain, liver and muscle by simultaneous pharmacological modulation of two signaling determinants, that change in opposite directions with age. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 11:5628-5645. [PMID: 31422380 PMCID: PMC6710051 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
We hypothesize that altered intensities of a few morphogenic pathways account for most/all the phenotypes of aging. Investigating this has revealed a novel approach to rejuvenate multiple mammalian tissues by defined pharmacology. Specifically, we pursued the simultaneous youthful in vivo calibration of two determinants: TGF-beta which activates ALK5/pSmad 2,3 and goes up with age, and oxytocin (OT) which activates MAPK and diminishes with age. The dose of Alk5 inhibitor (Alk5i) was reduced by 10-fold and the duration of treatment was shortened (to minimize overt skewing of cell-signaling pathways), yet the positive outcomes were broadened, as compared with our previous studies. Alk5i plus OT quickly and robustly enhanced neurogenesis, reduced neuro-inflammation, improved cognitive performance, and rejuvenated livers and muscle in old mice. Interestingly, the combination also diminished the numbers of cells that express the CDK inhibitor and marker of senescence p16 in vivo. Summarily, simultaneously re-normalizing two pathways that change with age in opposite ways (up vs. down) synergistically reverses multiple symptoms of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melod Mehdipour
- Department of Bioengineering and QB3 Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Jessy Etienne
- Department of Bioengineering and QB3 Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Chia-Chien Chen
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Ranveer Gathwala
- Department of Bioengineering and QB3 Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Maryam Rehman
- Department of Bioengineering and QB3 Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Cameron Kato
- Department of Bioengineering and QB3 Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Bioengineering and QB3 Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Yutong Liu
- Department of Bioengineering and QB3 Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Yi Zuo
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Michael J Conboy
- Department of Bioengineering and QB3 Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Irina M Conboy
- Department of Bioengineering and QB3 Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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Abstract
Molecular imaging is a vital tool to non-invasively measure nanoparticle delivery to solid tumors. Despite the myriad of nanoparticles studied for cancer, successful applications of nanoparticles in humans is limited by inconsistent and ineffective delivery. Successful nanoparticle delivery in preclinical models is often attributed to enhanced permeability and retention (EPR)-a set of conditions that is heterogeneous and transient in patients. Thus, researchers are evaluating therapeutic strategies to modify nanoparticle delivery, particularly treatments which have demonstrated effects on EPR conditions. Imaging nanoparticle distribution provides a means to measure the effects of therapeutic intervention on nanoparticle delivery to solid tumors. This review focuses on the utility of imaging to measure treatment-induced changes in nanoparticle delivery to tumors and provides preclinical examples studying a broad range of therapeutic interventions.
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Ito K, Hamamichi S, Abe T, Akagi T, Shirota H, Kawano S, Asano M, Asano O, Yokoi A, Matsui J, Umeda IO, Fujii H. Antitumor effects of eribulin depend on modulation of the tumor microenvironment by vascular remodeling in mouse models. Cancer Sci 2017; 108:2273-2280. [PMID: 28869796 PMCID: PMC5665763 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Revised: 08/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that eribulin mesylate (eribulin), a tubulin‐binding drug (TBD), could remodel tumor vasculature (i.e. increase tumor vessels and perfusion) in human breast cancer xenograft models. However, the role of this vascular remodeling in antitumor effects is not fully understood. Here, we investigated the effects of eribulin‐induced vascular remodeling on antitumor activities in multiple human cancer xenograft models. Microvessel densities (MVD) were evaluated by immunohistochemistry (CD31 staining), and antitumor effects were examined in 10 human cancer xenograft models. Eribulin significantly increased MVD compared to the controls in six out of 10 models with a correlation between enhanced MVD levels and antitumor effects (R2 = 0.54). Because of increased MVD, we next used radiolabeled liposomes to examine whether eribulin treatment would result in increased tumoral accumulation levels of these macromolecules and, indeed, we found that eribulin, unlike vinorelbine (another TBD) enhanced them. As eribulin increased accumulation of radiolabeled liposomes, we postulated that this treatment might enhance the antitumor effect of Doxil (a liposomal anticancer agent) and facilitate recruitment of immune cells into the tumor. As expected, eribulin enhanced antitumor activity of Doxil in a post‐erlotinib treatment H1650 (PE‐H1650) xenograft model. Furthermore, infiltrating CD11b‐positive immune cells were significantly increased in multiple eribulin‐treated xenografted tumors, and natural killer (NK) cell depletion reduced the antitumor effects of eribulin. These findings suggest a contribution of the immune cells for antitumor activities of eribulin. Taken together, our results suggest that vascular remodeling induced by eribulin acts as a microenvironment modulator and, consequently, this alteration enhanced the antitumor effects of eribulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Ito
- Halichondrin Research Laboratory, Eisai Co., Ltd, Tsukuba, Japan.,Division of Functional Imaging, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Shusei Hamamichi
- Division of Functional Imaging, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Takanori Abe
- Halichondrin Research Laboratory, Eisai Co., Ltd, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Akagi
- Halichondrin Research Laboratory, Eisai Co., Ltd, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shirota
- Halichondrin Research Laboratory, Eisai Co., Ltd, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kawano
- Halichondrin Research Laboratory, Eisai Co., Ltd, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Makoto Asano
- Biology Research, Oncology, Eisai Co., Ltd., Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Osamu Asano
- Halichondrin Research Laboratory, Eisai Co., Ltd, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Akira Yokoi
- Halichondrin Research Laboratory, Eisai Co., Ltd, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Junji Matsui
- Biology Research, Oncology, Eisai Co., Ltd., Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Izumi O Umeda
- Division of Functional Imaging, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Fujii
- Division of Functional Imaging, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, Japan
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Li K, Nejadnik H, Daldrup-Link HE. Next-generation superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles for cancer theranostics. Drug Discov Today 2017; 22:1421-1429. [PMID: 28454771 PMCID: PMC5610947 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2017.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Revised: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) nanoparticles have been intensively studied for the development of contrast agents in MRI. First-generation SPIO nanoparticles had diagnostic capabilities only, whereas a new generation of SPIO nanoparticle has multifunctional characteristics for combined therapeutic and diagnostic applications. These theranostic nanoparticles hold great potential for image-guided cancer therapies. In particular, polymer-coated theranostic SPIO nanoparticles have enjoyed increasing attention as a result of good biocompatibility, biodegradability and versatile functionality endowed by polymeric matrices. This review provides an overview of recently developed polymer-coated multifunctional SPIO nanoparticles for cancer theranostics and discusses current challenges and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Li
- Department of Radiology and Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Hossein Nejadnik
- Department of Radiology and Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Heike E Daldrup-Link
- Department of Radiology and Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
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Mohanty S, Chen Z, Li K, Morais GR, Klockow J, Yerneni K, Pisani L, Chin FT, Mitra S, Cheshier S, Chang E, Gambhir SS, Rao J, Loadman PM, Falconer RA, Daldrup-Link HE. A Novel Theranostic Strategy for MMP-14-Expressing Glioblastomas Impacts Survival. Mol Cancer Ther 2017; 16:1909-1921. [PMID: 28659432 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-17-0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Revised: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) has a dismal prognosis. Evidence from preclinical tumor models and human trials indicates the role of GBM-initiating cells (GIC) in GBM drug resistance. Here, we propose a new treatment option with tumor enzyme-activatable, combined therapeutic and diagnostic (theranostic) nanoparticles, which caused specific toxicity against GBM tumor cells and GICs. The theranostic cross-linked iron oxide nanoparticles (CLIO) were conjugated to a highly potent vascular disrupting agent (ICT) and secured with a matrix-metalloproteinase (MMP-14) cleavable peptide. Treatment with CLIO-ICT disrupted tumor vasculature of MMP-14-expressing GBM, induced GIC apoptosis, and significantly impaired tumor growth. In addition, the iron core of CLIO-ICT enabled in vivo drug tracking with MR imaging. Treatment with CLIO-ICT plus temozolomide achieved tumor remission and significantly increased survival of human GBM-bearing mice by more than 2-fold compared with treatment with temozolomide alone. Thus, we present a novel therapeutic strategy with significant impact on survival and great potential for clinical translation. Mol Cancer Ther; 16(9); 1909-21. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suchismita Mohanty
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Zixin Chen
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Kai Li
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Goreti Ribeiro Morais
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, United Kingdom
| | - Jessica Klockow
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Ketan Yerneni
- Department of Biology, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, New York
| | - Laura Pisani
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Frederick T Chin
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Siddharta Mitra
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine and Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Samuel Cheshier
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine and Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | | | - Sanjiv Sam Gambhir
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Stanford University, Stanford, California
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Jianghong Rao
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Paul M Loadman
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, United Kingdom
| | - Robert A Falconer
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, United Kingdom
| | - Heike E Daldrup-Link
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Stanford University, Stanford, California.
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Abstract
This invited commentary discusses a recent article by Mohanty et al in Molecular Cancer Therapeutics about significant therapeutic efficacies of novel theranostic nanoparticles (TNPs) for the treatment of human brain cancers in mouse models. The TNPs were cleaved by enzymes in the tumor tissue, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-14), which lead to release of a highly potent therapeutic drug, azademethylcolchicine. Data showed that the TNPs caused selective toxic effects in MMP-14-expressing glioblastoma and not normal brain. In addition, the iron oxide nanoparticle backbone enabled in vivo drug tracking with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). This commentary discusses previous efforts of MMP-targeted therapeutics as well as opportunities for further refinements of tumor enzyme-activatable TNPs. If successfully translated to clinical applications, the TNPs might hold substantial potential to improving cytotoxic indexes and long-term outcomes of patients with brain cancer compared to standard therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heike E Daldrup-Link
- 1 Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- 2 Department of Pediatrics, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- 3 Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
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