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Wu D, Cline-Smith A, Shashkova E, Perla A, Katyal A, Aurora R. T-Cell Mediated Inflammation in Postmenopausal Osteoporosis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:687551. [PMID: 34276675 PMCID: PMC8278518 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.687551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is the most prevalent metabolic bone disease that affects half the women in the sixth and seventh decade of life. Osteoporosis is characterized by uncoupled bone resorption that leads to low bone mass, compromised microarchitecture and structural deterioration that increases the likelihood of fracture with minimal trauma, known as fragility fractures. Several factors contribute to osteoporosis in men and women. In women, menopause - the cessation of ovarian function, is one of the leading causes of primary osteoporosis. Over the past three decades there has been growing appreciation that the adaptive immune system plays a fundamental role in the development of postmenopausal osteoporosis, both in humans and in mouse models. In this review, we highlight recent data on the interactions between T cells and the skeletal system in the context of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Finally, we review recent studies on the interventions to ameliorate osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Rajeev Aurora
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
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2
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Lerbs T, Cui L, Muscat C, Saleem A, van Neste C, Domizi P, Chan C, Wernig G. Expansion of Bone Precursors through Jun as a Novel Treatment for Osteoporosis-Associated Fractures. Stem Cell Reports 2020; 14:603-613. [PMID: 32197115 PMCID: PMC7160304 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2020.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis and osteoporotic fractures lead to decreased life quality and high healthcare costs. Current treatments prevent losses in bone mass and fractures to some extent but have side effects. Therefore, better therapies are needed. This study investigated whether the transcription factor Jun has a specific pro-osteogenic potency and whether modulating Jun could serve as a novel treatment for osteoporosis-associated fractures. We demonstrate that ectopically transplanted whole bones and distinct osteoprogenitors increase bone formation. Perinatal Jun induction disturbs growth plate architecture, causing a striking phenotype with shortened and thickened bones. Molecularly, Jun induces hedgehog signaling in skeletal stem cells. Therapeutically, Jun accelerates bone growth and healing in a drilling-defect model. Altogether, these results demonstrate that Jun drives bone formation by expanding osteoprogenitor populations and forcing them into the bone fate, providing a rationale for future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tristan Lerbs
- Department of Pathology, Stanford School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Lu Cui
- Department of Pathology, Stanford School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Claire Muscat
- Department of Pathology, Stanford School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Atif Saleem
- Department of Pathology, Stanford School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Camille van Neste
- Department of Pathology, Stanford School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Pablo Domizi
- Department of Pathology, Stanford School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Charles Chan
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Gerlinde Wernig
- Department of Pathology, Stanford School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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3
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Tilkeridis K, Kiziridis G, Ververidis A, Papoutselis M, Kotsianidis I, Kitsikidou G, Tousiaki NE, Drosos G, Kapetanou A, Rechova KV, Kazakos K, Spanoudakis E. Immunoporosis: A New Role for Invariant Natural Killer T (NKT) Cells Through Overexpression of Nuclear Factor-κB Ligand (RANKL). Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:2151-2158. [PMID: 30903656 PMCID: PMC6441308 DOI: 10.12659/msm.912119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Osteoporosis affects millions of postmenopausal women worldwide. Invariant natural killer T cells (iNKT) are important cells for bone homeostasis. The sim of this study was to investigate the contribution of invariant natural killer T cells (iNKT) in the increased receptor activator of the nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) pool and bone resorption, a characteristic of patients with osteoporosis. Material/Methods Whole blood was collected from 79 female patients. The dual energy x-absorptiometry scan was performed in all patients, and the T-score was calculated in order to classify our patients according to the World Human Organization (WHO) criteria for diagnosis and classification of osteoporosis. Eleven patients had a T-score <−1.0 and were encompassed in our normal donors (ND) group, 46 patients had a T-score between −1 and −2.5 and were included in the osteopenia group, while 22 patients had a T-score > −2.5 and were included in the osteoporosis group. We performed a-galactosylceramide activation of iNKT cells in vitro. Surface RANKL expression was detected by multicolor flow cytometry in naive and activated lymphocytes. Beta-Crosslaps (β-CTx) levels were measured in whole blood plasma by ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay). Results Although iNKT cells were not clonally expanded in patients with osteoporosis, iNKT cells from osteoporotic patients overexpressed RANKL compared to ND and osteopenic patients. This is a distinctive feature of iNKT cells and is not seen in conventional T-lymphocytes. RANKL expression in iNKT cells was not related to β-CTx levels in the blood. Finally, iNKT cell activation by the prototypal glycolipid ligand α-galactosylceramide increased by 8 times their RANKL expression. Conclusions In patients with osteoporosis, iNKT cells specifically overexpress RANKL, a cytokine that regulates osteoclast activity. It seems that iNKT cells have a long-standing effect of on the bone physiology, which plays an important role in the bone loss of patients with osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Tilkeridis
- Department of Orthopaedics, Democritus University of Thrace, Medical School, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Georgios Kiziridis
- Department of Orthopaedics, Democritus University of Thrace, Medical School, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Athanasios Ververidis
- Department of Orthopaedics, Democritus University of Thrace, Medical School, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Menelaos Papoutselis
- Department of Haematology, Democritus University of Thrace, Medical School, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Ioannis Kotsianidis
- Department of Haematology, Democritus University of Thrace, Medical School, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Gesthimani Kitsikidou
- Department of Orthopaedics, Democritus University of Thrace, Medical School, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | | | - Georgios Drosos
- Department of Orthopaedics, Democritus University of Thrace, Medical School, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Artemis Kapetanou
- Department of Orthopaedics, Democritus University of Thrace, Medical School, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | | | - Konstantinos Kazakos
- Department of Orthopaedics, Democritus University of Thrace, Medical School, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Emmanouil Spanoudakis
- Department of Haematology, Democritus University of Thrace, Medical School, Alexandroupolis, Greece
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4
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Romualdo PC, Cunha NBFF, Leoni GB, Sousa-Neto MD, Consolaro A, de Queiroz AM, da Silva RAB, da Silva LAB, Nelson-Filho P. The effect of ovariectomy and 2 antiresorptive therapeutic agents on bone response in rats: A 3-dimensional imaging analysis. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2018; 126:218-225. [PMID: 29748038 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2018.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate bone mineral density (BMD) and microarchitecture in femurs and maxillary bones of ovariectomized (OVX) rats treated or not treated with alendronate (ALD) or odanacatib (ODN). STUDY DESIGN Twenty rats were divided into groups: SHAM, OVX, OVX/ALD, and OVX/ODN. After 12 weeks, the femurs and maxillae were removed and subjected to 3-dimensional analysis by micro-computed tomography. Results were analyzed with 1-way analysis of variance and Tukey's post hoc test (α = 0.05). RESULTS OVX decreased maxillary and femoral BMD and altered femoral microarchitecture (P < .05). The drugs increased BMD of both types of bones, but only ALD maintained the phenotype similar to the SHAM group. The action of ALD was limited to the femoral trabecular separation (Tb.Sp). OVX and the drugs had no effect on the microarchitecture of the maxilla (P > .05). CONCLUSIONS ALD and ODN therapy increased BMD in both bones after ovariectomy. ALD was more successful than ODN in preserving the morphology of bone similar to the SHAM group. ALD maintained the phenotype for Tb.Sp in the femur, but ODN did not. In the maxillae, neither ovariectomy nor the 2 antiresorptive drugs had significant effects on microarchitecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscilla Coutinho Romualdo
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | | | - Graziela Bianchi Leoni
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Manoel Damião Sousa-Neto
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Alberto Consolaro
- Department of Oral Pathology, Bauru Dental School, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Alexandra Mussolino de Queiroz
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Raquel Assed Bezerra da Silva
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Lea Assed Bezerra da Silva
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Paulo Nelson-Filho
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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5
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Han M, Qi X, Bi D, Li Y, Guo Y, Wang X, Feng L. Administration of raloxifene hydrochloride nanosuspensions partially attenuates bone loss in ovariectomized mice. RSC Adv 2018; 8:23748-23756. [PMID: 35540259 PMCID: PMC9081861 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra02535e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Postmenopausal osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disease of fragility fractures due to the loss of the mass and the deterioration of the microarchitecture of bone. This study aimed to assess the effects of raloxifene hydrochloride nanosuspensions (RLX-NSps) on ovariectomized (OVX)-induced osteoporotic rats, and the underlying mechanisms were also investigated in vivo and ex vivo. RLX-NSps were successfully prepared, and the obtained RLX-NSps had a mean particle size of (91.17 ± 0.73) nm, PDI value of 0.201 ± 0.03 and zeta potential of (36.3 ± 1.8) mV. RLX-NSps showed a clear colloidal solution with light yellow opalescence. RLX-NSps were stable in artificial intestinal fluid, artificial gastric fluid, PBS, isotonic glucose and physiological saline. The OVX mice were administered an RLX-NSps or RLX solution for 3 weeks. The bone micro-tomographic histomorphometry and bone mineral density (BMD) were assessed by micro-CT, and the biochemical markers procollagen type I N-terminal propeptide (P1NP) and beta-isomerized C-telopeptide (β-CTX) were determined from serum. Finally, primary bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) were isolated from the tibia and cultured to evaluate cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation. The results demonstrated that the RLX-NSp group had a better effect on the bone microarchitecture than the RLX solution group. Therefore, RLX-NSps could partially attenuate bone loss more effectively than RLX solution in OVX mice by inhibiting bone resorption and improving the ability of BMSCs to proliferate and their osteogenic differentiation to some extent. Based on these results, nanosuspensions (NSps) may be a promising delivery system for postmenopausal osteoporosis therapy. RLX-NSps could partially attenuate bone loss more effectively than RLX solution in OVX mice by inhibiting bone resorption and improving the ability of BMSCs to proliferate and their osteogenic differentiation to some extent.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Meihua Han
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences
- Peking Union Medical College
- Beijing 100193
- China
| | - Xiaoyu Qi
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences
- Peking Union Medical College
- Beijing 100193
- China
| | - Dongdong Bi
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences
- Peking Union Medical College
- Beijing 100193
- China
| | - Yijing Li
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences
- Peking Union Medical College
- Beijing 100193
- China
| | - Yifei Guo
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences
- Peking Union Medical College
- Beijing 100193
- China
| | - Xiangtao Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences
- Peking Union Medical College
- Beijing 100193
- China
| | - Li Feng
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College
- Beijing
- China
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6
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Chang AR, Cho TH, Hwang SJ. Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor Kappa-B Ligand-Induced Local Osteoporotic Canine Mandible Model for the Evaluation of Peri-Implant Bone Regeneration. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2017; 23:781-794. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2017.0196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ah Ryum Chang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, BK 21 Plus, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Hyung Cho
- Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon Jung Hwang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, BK 21 Plus, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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7
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Wu YX, Sun Y, Ye YP, Zhang P, Guo JC, Huang JM, Jing XZ, Xiang W, Yu SY, Guo FJ. Iguratimod prevents ovariectomy‑induced bone loss and suppresses osteoclastogenesis via inhibition of peroxisome proliferator‑activated receptor‑γ. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:8200-8208. [PMID: 28983607 PMCID: PMC5779905 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Iguratimod is known for its anti-inflammatory activities and therapeutic effects in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. It has previously been demonstrated that iguratimod attenuates bone destruction and osteoclast formation in the Walker 256 rat mammary gland carcinoma cell-induced bone cancer pain model. Therefore, it was hypothesized that iguratimod may additionally exhibit therapeutic effects on benign osteoclast-associated diseases including postmenopausal osteoporosis. In the present study, ovariectomized mice were used to investigate the effects of iguratimod in vivo. Bone marrow mononuclear cells were cultured to detect the effects of iguratimod on receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclastogenesis in vitro and the molecular mechanisms involved. It was demonstrated that iguratimod may prevent ovariectomy-induced bone loss by suppressing osteoclast activity in vivo. Consistently, iguratimod may inhibit RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption in primary bone marrow mononuclear cells. At the molecular level, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ)/c-Fos pathway, which is essential in RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation, was suppressed by iguratimod. Subsequently, iguratimod decreased the expression of nuclear factor of activated T cells c1 and downstream osteoclast marker genes. The results of the present study demonstrated that iguratimod may inhibit ovariectomy-induced bone loss and osteoclastogenesis by modulating RANKL signaling. Therefore, iguratimod may act as a novel therapeutic to prevent postmenopausal osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Xing Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Yue Sun
- Cancer Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Ya-Ping Ye
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Cancer Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Jia-Chao Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Jun-Ming Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Xing-Zhi Jing
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Wei Xiang
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Shi-Ying Yu
- Cancer Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Feng-Jing Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
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8
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Horváthová M, Ilavská S, Štefíková K, Szabová M, Krivošíková Z, Jahnová E, Tulinská J, Spustová V, Gajdoš M. The Cell Surface Markers Expression in Postmenopausal Women and Relation to Obesity and Bone Status. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 14:ijerph14070751. [PMID: 28696349 PMCID: PMC5551189 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14070751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The age-related changes and hormonal deprivation in postmenopausal women are associated with the immune response alteration. The excessive fat accumulation, local and systemic inflammation may lead to dysregulation in immune function and relevant health problems, including obesity and osteoporosis. We analyzed the expression of cell surface markers in the venous blood specimens, stained with fluorophores-conjugated monoclonal antibodies and analysed by multicolour flow cytometry. The significant changes of cytotoxic, naive, and memory T-lymphocytes, plasmacytoid dendritic cells (DCs) were in postmenopausal women versus fertile women. Body mass index (BMI) affected markedly the cell surface expression of CD265/RANK. Osteoporosis is linked to reduced percentage of plasmacytoid DCs, and elevated natural Treg cells (p < 0.05). The confounding factors such as women age, BMI, bone mineral density (BMD), waist size and tissue fat affect the expression of RANK on myeloid DCs and CD40L on T-lymphocytes that might be the immunophenotypic modulators after menopause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mira Horváthová
- Department of Immunology and Immunotoxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Slovak Medical University, 833 03 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Silvia Ilavská
- Department of Immunology and Immunotoxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Slovak Medical University, 833 03 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Kornélia Štefíková
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Slovak Medical University, 83303 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Michaela Szabová
- Department of Immunology and Immunotoxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Slovak Medical University, 833 03 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Zora Krivošíková
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Slovak Medical University, 83303 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Eva Jahnová
- Department of Immunology and Immunotoxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Slovak Medical University, 833 03 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Jana Tulinská
- Department of Immunology and Immunotoxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Slovak Medical University, 833 03 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Viera Spustová
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Slovak Medical University, 83303 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Martin Gajdoš
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Slovak Medical University, 83303 Bratislava, Slovakia.
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9
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Sobacchi C, Palagano E, Villa A, Menale C. Soluble Factors on Stage to Direct Mesenchymal Stem Cells Fate. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2017; 5:32. [PMID: 28567372 PMCID: PMC5434159 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2017.00032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent stromal cells that are identified by in vitro plastic adherence, colony-forming capacity, expression of a panel of surface molecules, and ability to differentiate at least toward osteogenic, adipogenic, and chondrogenic lineages. They also produce trophic factors with immunomodulatory, proangiogenic, and antiapoptotic functions influencing the behavior of neighboring cells. On the other hand, a reciprocal regulation takes place; in fact, MSCs can be isolated from several tissues, and depending on the original microenvironment and the range of stimuli received from there, they can display differences in their essential characteristics. Here, we focus mainly on the bone tissue and how soluble factors, such as growth factors, cytokines, and hormones, present in this microenvironment can orchestrate bone marrow-derived MSCs fate. We also briefly describe the alteration of MSCs behavior in pathological settings such as hematological cancer, bone metastasis, and bone marrow failure syndromes. Overall, the possibility to modulate MSCs plasticity makes them an attractive tool for diverse applications of tissue regeneration in cell therapy. Therefore, the comprehensive understanding of the microenvironment characteristics and components better suited to obtain a specific MSCs response can be extremely useful for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Sobacchi
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica (IRGB), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Milan Unit, Milan, Italy.,Human Genome Laboratory, Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Eleonora Palagano
- Human Genome Laboratory, Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Rozzano, Milan, Italy.,Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Villa
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica (IRGB), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Milan Unit, Milan, Italy.,Human Genome Laboratory, Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Ciro Menale
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica (IRGB), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Milan Unit, Milan, Italy.,Human Genome Laboratory, Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
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10
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Schena F, Menale C, Caci E, Diomede L, Palagano E, Recordati C, Sandri M, Tampieri A, Bortolomai I, Capo V, Pastorino C, Bertoni A, Gattorno M, Martini A, Villa A, Traggiai E, Sobacchi C. Murine Rankl -/- Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Display an Osteogenic Differentiation Defect Improved by a RANKL-Expressing Lentiviral Vector. Stem Cells 2017; 35:1365-1377. [PMID: 28100034 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Revised: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Autosomal recessive osteopetrosis (ARO) is a severe bone disease characterized by increased bone density due to impairment in osteoclast resorptive function or differentiation. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is the only available treatment; however, this therapy is not effective in RANKL-dependent ARO, since in bone this gene is mainly expressed by cells of mesenchymal origin. Of note, whether lack of RANKL production might cause a defect also in the bone marrow (BM) stromal compartment, possibly contributing to the pathology, is unknown. To verify this possibility, we generated and characterized BM mesenchymal stromal cell (BM-MSC) lines from wild type and Rankl-/- mice, and found that Rankl-/- BM-MSCs displayed reduced clonogenicity and osteogenic capacity. The differentiation defect was significantly improved by lentiviral transduction of Rankl-/- BM-MSCs with a vector stably expressing human soluble RANKL (hsRANKL). Expression of Rankl receptor, Rank, on the cytoplasmic membrane of BM-MSCs pointed to the existence of an autocrine loop possibly activated by the secreted cytokine. Based on the close resemblance of RANKL-defective osteopetrosis in humans and mice, we expect that our results are also relevant for RANKL-dependent ARO patients. Data obtained in vitro after transduction with a lentiviral vector expressing hsRANKL would suggest that restoration of RANKL production might not only rescue the defective osteoclastogenesis of this ARO form, but also improve a less obvious defect in the osteoblast lineage, thus possibly achieving higher benefit for the patients, when the approach is translated to clinics. Stem Cells 2017;35:1365-1377.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Schena
- Laboratory of Immunology and Rheumatic Diseases, Pediatrics II, Genova, Italy
| | - Ciro Menale
- Milan Unit, CNR-IRGB, Milan, Italy.,Laboratory of Human Genome, Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Emanuela Caci
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory G. Gaslini Children's Hospital, Genova, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Diomede
- Milan Unit, CNR-IRGB, Milan, Italy.,Laboratory of Human Genome, Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Eleonora Palagano
- Laboratory of Human Genome, Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Rozzano, Italy.,Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Camilla Recordati
- Mouse and Animal Pathology Laboratory, Fondazione Filarete, Milano, Italy
| | - Monica Sandri
- ISTEC-CNR, Institute of Science & Technology for Ceramics, National Research Council of Italy, Faenza, Italy
| | - Anna Tampieri
- ISTEC-CNR, Institute of Science & Technology for Ceramics, National Research Council of Italy, Faenza, Italy
| | - Ileana Bortolomai
- Milan Unit, CNR-IRGB, Milan, Italy.,San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Capo
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudia Pastorino
- Laboratory of Immunology and Rheumatic Diseases, Pediatrics II, Genova, Italy
| | - Arinna Bertoni
- Laboratory of Immunology and Rheumatic Diseases, Pediatrics II, Genova, Italy.,Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genoa, Genova, Italy
| | - Marco Gattorno
- Laboratory of Immunology and Rheumatic Diseases, Pediatrics II, Genova, Italy
| | - Alberto Martini
- Laboratory of Immunology and Rheumatic Diseases, Pediatrics II, Genova, Italy
| | - Anna Villa
- Milan Unit, CNR-IRGB, Milan, Italy.,Laboratory of Human Genome, Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Traggiai
- Laboratory of Immunology and Rheumatic Diseases, Pediatrics II, Genova, Italy.,Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, Klybeckstrasse, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Cristina Sobacchi
- Milan Unit, CNR-IRGB, Milan, Italy.,Laboratory of Human Genome, Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Rozzano, Italy
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