1
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Di JW, Wang YX, Ma RX, Luo ZJ, Chen WT, Liu WM, Yuan DY, Zhang YY, Wu YH, Chen CP, Liu J. Repositioning baloxavir marboxil as VISTA agonist that ameliorates experimental asthma. Cell Biol Toxicol 2024; 40:12. [PMID: 38340268 PMCID: PMC10858940 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-024-09852-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
V-type immunoglobulin domain-containing suppressor of T-cell activation (VISTA), a novel negative checkpoint regulator, plays an essential role in allergic pulmonary inflammation in mice. Treatment with a VISTA agonistic antibody could significantly improve asthma symptoms. Thus, for allergic asthma treatment, VISTA targeting may be a compelling approach. In this study, we examined the functional mechanism of VISTA in allergic pulmonary inflammation and screened the FDA-approved drugs for VISTA agonists. By using mass cytometry (CyTOF), we found that VISTA deficiency primarily increased lung macrophage infiltration in the OVA-induced asthma model, accompanied by an increased proportion of M1 macrophages (CD11b+F4/80+CD86+) and a decreased proportion of M2 macrophages (CD11b+F4/80+CD206+). Further in vitro studies showed that VISTA deficiency promoted M1 polarization and inhibited M2 polarization of bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs). Importantly, we discovered baloxavir marboxil (BXM) as a VISTA agonist by virtual screening of FDA-approved drugs. The surface plasmon resonance (SPR) assays revealed that BXM (KD = 1.07 µM) as well as its active form, baloxavir acid (BXA) (KD = 0.21 µM), could directly bind to VISTA with high affinity. Notably, treatment with BXM significantly ameliorated asthma symptoms, including less lung inflammation, mucus secretion, and the generation of Th2 cytokines (IL-5, IL-13, and IL-4), which were dramatically attenuated by anti-VISTA monoclonal antibody treatment. BXM administration also reduced the pulmonary infiltration of M1 macrophages and raised M2 macrophages. Collectively, our study indicates that VISTA regulates pulmonary inflammation in allergic asthma by regulating macrophage polarization and baloxavir marboxil, and an old drug might be a new treatment for allergic asthma through targeting VISTA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Wen Di
- New Drug Screening Center, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yi-Xin Wang
- New Drug Screening Center, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Rui-Xue Ma
- New Drug Screening Center, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Zhi-Jie Luo
- New Drug Screening Center, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Wen-Ting Chen
- New Drug Screening Center, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Wan-Mei Liu
- New Drug Screening Center, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Ding-Yi Yuan
- New Drug Screening Center, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yu-Ying Zhang
- New Drug Screening Center, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yin-Hao Wu
- New Drug Screening Center, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Cai-Ping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
- Chongqing Innovation Institute of China Pharmaceutical University, Chongqing, 401135, China.
| | - Jun Liu
- New Drug Screening Center, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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2
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Dulal D, Boring A, Terrero D, Johnson T, Tiwari AK, Raman D. Tackling of Immunorefractory Tumors by Targeting Alternative Immune Checkpoints. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:2774. [PMID: 37345111 PMCID: PMC10216651 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15102774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Physiologically, well known or traditional immune checkpoints (ICs), such as CTLA-4 and PD-1, are in place to promote tolerance to self-antigens and prevent generation of autoimmunity. In cancer, the ICs are effectively engaged by the tumor cells or stromal ells from the tumor microenvironment through expression of cognate ligands for the ICs present on the cell surface of CD8+ T lymphocytes. The ligation of ICs on CD8+ T lymphocytes triggers inhibitory signaling pathways, leading to quiescence or an exhaustion of CD8+ T lymphocytes. This results in failure of immunotherapy. To overcome this, several FDA-approved therapeutic antibodies are available, but the clinical outcome is quite variable due to the resistance encountered through upregulated expression of alternate ICs such as VISTA, LAG-3, TIGIT and TIM-3. This review focuses on the roles played by the traditional as well as alternate ICs and the contribution of associated signaling pathways in generating such resistance to immunotherapy. Combinatorial targeting of traditional and alternate ICs might be beneficial for immune-refractory tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dharmindra Dulal
- Department of Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Toledo Health Science Campus, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; (D.D.); (A.B.); (A.K.T.)
| | - Andrew Boring
- Department of Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Toledo Health Science Campus, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; (D.D.); (A.B.); (A.K.T.)
| | - David Terrero
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo Main Campus, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Tiffany Johnson
- Department of Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Toledo Health Science Campus, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; (D.D.); (A.B.); (A.K.T.)
| | - Amit K. Tiwari
- Department of Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Toledo Health Science Campus, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; (D.D.); (A.B.); (A.K.T.)
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo Main Campus, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Dayanidhi Raman
- Department of Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Toledo Health Science Campus, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; (D.D.); (A.B.); (A.K.T.)
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3
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Mortezaee K, Majidpoor J, Najafi S. VISTA immune regulatory effects in bypassing cancer immunotherapy: Updated. Life Sci 2022; 310:121083. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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4
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Vivian Ma YH, Sparkes A, Saha S, Gariépy J. VISTA as a ligand downregulates LPS-mediated inflammation in macrophages and neutrophils. Cell Immunol 2022; 379:104581. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2022.104581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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5
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Noubissi Nzeteu GA, Schlichtner S, David S, Ruppenstein A, Fasler-Kan E, Raap U, Sumbayev VV, Gibbs BF, Meyer NH. Macrophage Differentiation and Polarization Regulate the Release of the Immune Checkpoint Protein V-Domain Ig Suppressor of T Cell Activation. Front Immunol 2022; 13:837097. [PMID: 35634346 PMCID: PMC9132587 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.837097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, the V-domain immunoglobulin suppressor of T-cell activation (VISTA) was identified as a negative immune checkpoint regulator (NCR) that is mainly expressed in hematopoietic cells. Preclinical studies have shown that VISTA blockade results in impeded tumor growth and improved survival. Nevertheless, little is known about the physiological role of VISTA expression in macrophages. This study focused on the differential expression of VISTA in human monocytes and macrophages in order to elucidate a putative role of VISTA regulation upon macrophage polarization and activation. We observed that human peripheral monocytes constitutively release soluble VISTA, which was regulated via matrix metalloproteinases. However, monocyte stimulation with cytokines that induce macrophage differentiation, such as granulocyte-macrophage colony–stimulating (GM-CSF) and macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), substantially reduced soluble VISTA release. VISTA release was further affected by various pro- and anti-inflammatory stimuli that led to macrophage polarization, where activated M1 macrophages generally released more VISTA than M2 macrophages. Additionally, we observed that stimulation of activated macrophages with the toll-like receptor 4 ligand lipopolysaccharide (LPS) led to a further decrease of soluble VISTA release. Moreover, we found that soluble VISTA impairs T cell cytotoxic activity but did not induce their programmed death. Our results suggest that VISTA is constantly produced and released in the peripheral blood where it may contribute to peripheral tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaetan Aime Noubissi Nzeteu
- Division of General and Visceral Surgery, Department of Human Medicine, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany.,Division of Experimental Allergy and Immunodermatology, Department of Human Medicine, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Stephanie Schlichtner
- Medway School of Pharmacy, Universities of Kent and Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, United Kingdom
| | - Sulamith David
- Division of Experimental Allergy and Immunodermatology, Department of Human Medicine, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Aylin Ruppenstein
- Division of Experimental Allergy and Immunodermatology, Department of Human Medicine, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Elizaveta Fasler-Kan
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital, Inselspital Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel and University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ulrike Raap
- Division of Experimental Allergy and Immunodermatology, Department of Human Medicine, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany.,University Clinic of Dermatology and Allergy, University of Oldenburg, Klinikum Oldenburg AöR, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Vadim V Sumbayev
- Medway School of Pharmacy, Universities of Kent and Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, United Kingdom
| | - Bernhard F Gibbs
- Division of Experimental Allergy and Immunodermatology, Department of Human Medicine, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - N Helge Meyer
- Division of General and Visceral Surgery, Department of Human Medicine, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany.,Division of Experimental Allergy and Immunodermatology, Department of Human Medicine, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
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Abstract
The V-domain Ig Suppressor of T-cell Activation (VISTA) is an immune checkpoint regulator that suppresses immune responses and is readily expressed on human and murine myeloid cells and T cells. This immunosuppressive pathway can be activated using VISTA agonists. Here, we report the development of murine anti-human VISTA (anti-hVISTA) monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), anti-hVISTA nanobodies (Nbs), and cross-reactive rat anti-murine/human VISTA (anti-hmVISTA) mAbs. All mAbs and Nbs generated bound to VISTA (human and/or murine) with dissociation constants in the sub-nanomolar or low nanomolar range. Competition analysis revealed that the selected Nbs bound the same or a nearby epitope(s) as the human VISTA-specific mAbs. However, the cross-reactive mAbs only partially competed with Nbs for binding to hVISTA. All mAbs and one Nb (hVISTANb7) were able to strongly detect VISTA expression on primary human monocytes. Importantly, the murine anti-hVISTA mAbs 7E12 and 7G5 displayed strong agonistic activity in human peripheral blood mononuclear cell cultures, while Nb7 and rat anti-hmVISTA mAbs 3C3, 7C6, 7C7, and 7G1 also behaved as hVISTA agonists, albeit to a lesser extent. Cross-reactive mAbs 7C7 and 7G1 further displayed agonistic potential in murine splenocyte assays. Importantly, mAb 7G1 significantly reduced inflammation associated with the murine model of imiquimod-induced psoriasis. These agonistic VISTA mAbs may represent therapeutic leads to treat inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amanda Sparkes
- Physical Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
| | - Ema Romão
- Cellular and Molecular Immunology Lab, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Ixelles, Belgium
| | - Shrayasee Saha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Jean Gariépy
- Physical Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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7
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Yang F, Zhang Y, Chen Z, Zhang L. VISTA Blockade Aggravates Bone Loss in Experimental Murine Apical Periodontitis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:738586. [PMID: 34691045 PMCID: PMC8529274 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.738586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
V-domain Ig suppressor of T cell activation (VISTA) is a novel coinhibitory immune checkpoint molecule that maintains immune homeostasis. The present study explored the role of VISTA in human and murine inflammatory tissues of apical periodontitis (AP). VISTA was upregulated in inflammatory tissues of human AP. In mice, the expression of VISTA gradually increased with the development of mouse experimental apical periodontitis (MAP), the CD3+ T cells, CD11b+ myeloid cells, and FOXP3+ regulatory T cells also gradually accumulated. Moreover, a blockade of VISTA using a mouse in vivo anti-VISTA antibody aggravated periapical bone loss and enhanced the infiltration of immune cells in an experimental mouse periapical periodontitis model. The collective results suggest that VISTA serves as a negative regulator of the development and bone loss of apical periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuhua Yang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedicine of Ministry of Education (KLOBM), School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yifei Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedicine of Ministry of Education (KLOBM), School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhi Chen
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedicine of Ministry of Education (KLOBM), School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Endodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedicine of Ministry of Education (KLOBM), School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Endodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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8
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Xu X, Petersen S, Rodriguez C, Yi G. VISTA facilitates phagocytic clearance of HIV infected CEM-SS T cells. Heliyon 2021; 7:e07496. [PMID: 34401556 PMCID: PMC8353305 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Phagocytosis is a critical component of the innate immune response to viral infection, resulting in the clearance of infected cells while minimizing the exposure of uninfected cells. On the other hand, phagocytosis of HIV-infected T cells may cause phagocytes, such as macrophages and dendritic cells, to be infected, thus leading to HIV cell-to-cell transmission. V domain immunoglobulin suppressor of T cell activation (VISTA, gene Vsir, aliases Gi24, Dies-1, PD-1H, and DD1α) has been identified as an immune checkpoint molecule that possesses dual activities when expressed on APCs and T cells. Our study found that VISTA might play a significant role during the immune response to HIV infection via apoptosis upregulation and subsequent phagocytosis of infected CEM-SS T cells. HIV-induced apoptosis and monocytic cell engulfment were tested utilizing CEM-SS T cells as target cells and the monocytic cell line THP-1 as phagocytic cells. Cells were infected with a GFP-labeled HIV strain, NL4-3. HIV-infected CEM-SS T cells displayed greater apoptotic activity (approximately 18.0%) than mock-infected controls. Additionally, phagocytosis of HIV-infected CEM-SS T cells was increased approximately 4-fold. Expression of VISTA on infected CEM-SS T cells was detected in 16.7% of cells, which correlated with the increased phagocytosis observed. When an antagonistic antibody against VISTA was used, the number of phagocytosed cells was reduced by a factor of 2, which was replicated utilizing human stem cell-derived dendritic cells. Phagocytosis was also confirmed by the upregulation of IL-1β expression, which was 5-fold higher in infected cells than in control cells. We also found that VISTA overexpression on both phagocytes and HIV-infected CEM-SS T cells facilitated phagocytosis. Our study suggests that VISTA may act as a direct ligand in the phagocytosis of HIV-infected T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuequn Xu
- Center of Emphasis in Infectious Diseases, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX, United States
| | - Sean Petersen
- Center of Emphasis in Infectious Diseases, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX, United States
| | - Cynthia Rodriguez
- Center of Emphasis in Infectious Diseases, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX, United States
| | - Guohua Yi
- Center of Emphasis in Infectious Diseases, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX, United States.,Department of Pulmonary Immunology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, United States
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9
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Li TT, Jiang JW, Qie CX, Xuan CX, Hu XL, Liu WM, Chen WT, Liu J. Identification of active small-molecule modulators targeting the novel immune checkpoint VISTA. BMC Immunol 2021; 22:55. [PMID: 34380434 PMCID: PMC8359099 DOI: 10.1186/s12865-021-00446-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cancer immunotherapy has gained increasing popularity as a novel approach to treat cancer. A member of the B7 family, V-domain immunoglobulin suppressor of T-cell activation (VISTA) is a novel immune checkpoint that regulates a broad spectrum of immune responses. VISTA is an acidic pH-selective ligand for P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1(PSGL-1). CA-170, a first-in-class small-molecule dual antagonist of VISTA/PD-L1, was collaboratively developed by Aurigene Discovery Technologies Limited and Curis, Inc. It is currently in Phase I clinical trial. Results In this study, we develop homology modeling for the VISTA 3D structure and subsequent virtual screening for VISTA small-molecule hit ligands. Visualization of the binding postures of docked ligands with the VISTA protein indicates that some small molecular compounds target VISTA. The ability of antagonist to disrupt immune checkpoint VISTA pathways was investigated though functional studies in vitro. Conclusions Affinity active molecule for VISTA was obtained through virtual screening, and the antagonist compound activity to VISTA was assayed in cellular level. We reported a small molecule with high VISTA affinity as antagonist, providing ideas for development VISTA-targeted small molecule compound in cancer immunotherapy. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12865-021-00446-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Ting Li
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Jing-Wei Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Chen-Xin Qie
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Chun-Xiao Xuan
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Xin-Lei Hu
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Wan-Mei Liu
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Wen-Ting Chen
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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10
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Rogers BM, Smith L, Dezso Z, Shi X, DiGiammarino E, Nguyen D, Sethuraman S, Zheng P, Choi D, Zhang D, Nguyen A, McGuire K, Liu W, Chung N, Chao DT, Ye S, Starbeck-Miller GR. VISTA is an activating receptor in human monocytes. THE JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE 2021; 218:212264. [PMID: 34106206 PMCID: PMC8193568 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20201601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
As indicated by its name, V-domain Ig suppressor of T cell activation (VISTA) is thought to serve primarily as an inhibitory protein that limits immune responses. VISTA antibodies can dampen the effects of several concomitantly elicited activation signals, including TCR and TLR activation, but it is currently unclear if VISTA agonism could singly affect immune cell biology. In this study, we discovered two novel VISTA antibodies and characterized their effects on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells by scRNA/CITE-seq. Both antibodies appeared to agonize VISTA in an Fc-functional manner to elicit transcriptional and functional changes in monocytes consistent with activation. We also used pentameric VISTA to identify Syndecan-2 and several heparan sulfate proteoglycan synthesis genes as novel regulators of VISTA interactions with monocytic cells, adding further evidence of bidirectional signaling. Together, our study highlights several novel aspects of VISTA biology that have yet to be uncovered in myeloid cells and serves as a foundation for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Xu Shi
- AbbVie Biotherapeutics Inc., Redwood City, CA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Dong Zhang
- AbbVie Biotherapeutics Inc., Redwood City, CA
| | | | | | - Wei Liu
- AbbVie Biotherapeutics Inc., Redwood City, CA
| | | | | | - Shiming Ye
- AbbVie Biotherapeutics Inc., Redwood City, CA
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11
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Guo Y, Ding C, Chang T, Yuan W, Liu X. VISTA-Ig ameliorates OXA-induced allergic dermatitis symptoms in mice. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2021; 43:380-385. [PMID: 34028330 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2021.1925907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease that a variety of immune cells are involved in the progression of AD. Among them, T cells are one of major players of AD pathogenesis. The V-domain Ig suppressor of T cell activation (VISTA) has been reported that it has a potential immunomodulatory for T cell response. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate immunomodulatory of recombinant VISTA-Ig fusion protein in AD mice model. METHODS The model of AD was built with oxazolone (OXA) in BALB/c mice, then VISTA-Ig was used to treat AD by intraperitoneal (IP) injection. The ear thickness was measured by a digital thickness gauge. The ears tissues were collected and subjected to hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) and toluidine blue (TB) staining. The secretion levels of IL-4 and IgE in the serum were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The mRNA expression levels of inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12, and INF-γ) in ear tissues were measured using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). RESULTS Treatment with VISTA-Ig successfully alleviated the symptoms of AD, such as erythema, horny substance, and swelling. The infiltration of inflammatory cells was significantly reduced following VISTA-Ig therapy. The secretion levels of IL-4 and IgE in the serum were significantly attenuated following treatment with VISTA-Ig. Additionally, VISTA-Ig observably down-regulated inflammatory cytokines expression in ear tissues. CONCLUSIONS & CLINICAL RELEVANCE Taken together, our results showed that VISTA-Ig possessed the potential to be a novel immunomodulatory candidate drug against AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Guo
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan
| | - Cong Ding
- Department of Protein Function and Immunomodulatory Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan
| | - Tao Chang
- Department of Protein Function and Immunomodulatory Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan
| | - Weitang Yuan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Protein Function and Immunomodulatory Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan
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12
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Matus EI, Sparkes A, Gariépy J. A soluble activator that favors the ex vivo expansion of CD8+CD27+ T cells. JCI Insight 2020; 5:141293. [PMID: 33208551 PMCID: PMC7710272 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.141293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Adoptive cell therapy involves the infusion of tumor-reactive T cells into patients with cancer to provide antitumor immunity. The ex vivo expansion and differentiation of such T cells are key parameters that affect their therapeutic potential. Human T cells are presently expanded in culture through the use of anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 mAbs immobilized on beads, expressed on cells, or assembled in the context of soluble antibody complexes. Here we report the design of a small, bispecific single-chain variable fragment construct agonizing both CD3 and CD28 pathways. This soluble T cell expansion protein, termed T-CEP, activates, expands, and differentiates human T cells ex vivo at concentrations in the femtomolar range. Importantly, T-CEP promotes the preferential growth of human CD8+ T cells over the course of 12 days in comparison with methods involving immobilized anti-CD3 mAb/soluble anti-CD28 mAb or soluble anti-CD3/CD28 mAb complexes. The differentiation profile of the resulting human T cell population is also singularly affected by T-CEP, favoring the expansion of a preferred CD8+CD27+ T cell phenotype. The activity profile of T-CEP on human T cells ex vivo suggests its use in generating human T cell populations that are more suited for adoptive cell therapy. A bispecific protein construct is described that rapidly expands primary human T cell populations ex vivo at femtomolar concentrations with desirable phenotypic properties for adoptive cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther I Matus
- Sunnybrook Research Institute.,Department of Medical Biophysics, and
| | | | - Jean Gariépy
- Sunnybrook Research Institute.,Department of Medical Biophysics, and.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada, USA
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13
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Zhou T, Su TT, Mudianto T, Wang J. Immune asynchrony in COVID-19 pathogenesis and potential immunotherapies. J Exp Med 2020; 217:e20200674. [PMID: 32910820 PMCID: PMC7481961 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20200674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an unprecedented global health crisis. Tissue and peripheral blood analysis indicate profound, aberrant myeloid cell activation, cytokine storm, and lymphopenia, with unknown immunopathological mechanisms. Spatiotemporal control of the quality and quantity of the antiviral immune responses involves synchronized cellular and molecular cascades and cross-talk between innate and adaptive immunity. Dysregulated responses in immunity, such as at the stages of immune sensing, alarming, polarization, and resolution, may contribute to disease pathology. Herein, we approach SARS-CoV-2 through an immunomodulatory lens, discussing possible mechanisms of the asynchronized antiviral immune response and proposing potential therapeutic strategies to correct the dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhou
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Tina Tianjiao Su
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Tenny Mudianto
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY
- The Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY
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14
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Han X, Vesely MD, Yang W, Sanmamed MF, Badri T, Alawa J, López-Giráldez F, Gaule P, Lee SW, Zhang JP, Nie X, Nassar A, Boto A, Flies DB, Zheng L, Kim TK, Moeckel GW, McNiff JM, Chen L. PD-1H (VISTA)-mediated suppression of autoimmunity in systemic and cutaneous lupus erythematosus. Sci Transl Med 2020; 11:11/522/eaax1159. [PMID: 31826980 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aax1159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE) of the skin are autoimmune diseases characterized by inappropriate immune responses against self-proteins; the key elements that determine disease pathogenesis and progression are largely unknown. Here, we show that mice lacking immune inhibitory receptor VISTA or programmed death-1 homolog (PD-1H KO) on a BALB/c background spontaneously develop cutaneous and systemic autoimmune diseases resembling human lupus. Cutaneous lupus lesions of PD-1H KO mice have clustering of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) similar to human DLE. Using mass cytometry, we identified proinflammatory neutrophils as critical early immune infiltrating cells within cutaneous lupus lesions of PD-1H KO mice. We also found that PD-1H is highly expressed on immune cells in human SLE, DLE lesions, and cutaneous lesions of MRL/lpr mice. A PD-1H agonistic monoclonal antibody in MRL/lpr mice reduces cutaneous disease, autoantibodies, inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and immune cell expansion. Furthermore, PD-1H on both T cells and myeloid cells including neutrophils and pDCs could transmit inhibitory signals, resulting in reduced activation and function, establishing PD-1H as an inhibitory receptor on T cells and myeloid cells. On the basis of these findings, we propose that PD-1H is a critical element in the pathogenesis and progression of lupus, and PD-1H activation could be effective for treatment of systemic and cutaneous lupus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Han
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Matthew D Vesely
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Wendy Yang
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Miguel F Sanmamed
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Ti Badri
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Jude Alawa
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Francesc López-Giráldez
- Department of Genetics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.,Yale Center for Genome Analysis, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06477, USA
| | - Patricia Gaule
- Department of Pathology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Sang Won Lee
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Jian-Ping Zhang
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Xinxin Nie
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Ala Nassar
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Agedi Boto
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.,Department of Pathology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Dallas B Flies
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Linghua Zheng
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Tae Kon Kim
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.,Department of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | | | - Jennifer M McNiff
- Department of Dermatology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.,Department of Pathology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Lieping Chen
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA. .,Department of Dermatology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.,Department of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
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15
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Qie C, Jiang J, Liu W, Hu X, Chen W, Xie X, Liu J. Single-cell RNA-Seq reveals the transcriptional landscape and heterogeneity of skin macrophages in Vsir -/- murine psoriasis. Theranostics 2020; 10:10483-10497. [PMID: 32929361 PMCID: PMC7482809 DOI: 10.7150/thno.45614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: V-domain immunoglobulin suppressor of T cell activation (VISTA) is a novel inhibitory immune checkpoint molecule. Vsir-/- mice have exacerbated psoriasis-like skin inflammation. The immune cell subsets involved in inflammation in Vsir-/- psoriatic mice are largely unknown. We have used scRNA-seq as an unbiased profiling strategy to study the heterogeneity of immune cells at a single cell level in the skin of Vsir-/- psoriatic mice. Methods: In the present study, the right ear and shaved back skin of wild type and Vsir-/- mice were treated with IMQ for 5 consecutive days to induce psoriasis-like dermatitis. Then, the single-cell RNA sequencing analysis of mouse back skin lesions was performed using 10 × Genomics technique. Results: We identified 12 major cell subtypes among 23,258 cells. The major populations of the skin cells included macrophages, dendritic cells and fibroblasts. Macrophages constituted the main immune cell population in the WT (61.29%) and Vsir-/- groups (77.7%). It should be noted that DCs and fibroblasts were expanded in the Vsir-/- psoriatic mice. Furthermore, the gene expression signatures were assessed. We observed that Hspb1 and Cebpb were significantly upregulated in the Vsir-/- psoriatic mice. Differential gene expression and gene ontology enrichment analyses revealed specific gene expression patterns distinguishing these subsets and uncovered putative functions of each cell type. Date analysis resulted in the discovery of a number of novel psoriasis-associated genes in Vsir-/- mice. Conclusion: We present a comprehensive single-cell landscape of the skin immune cells in Vsir-/- psoriatic mice. These unprecedented data uncovered the transcriptional landscape and phenotypic heterogeneity of skin macrophages in psoriasis and identified their gene expression signature suggesting specialized functions in Vsir-/- mice. Our findings will open novel opportunities to investigate the role of VISTA in driving psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxin Qie
- Jiangsu key lab of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Jingwei Jiang
- Jiangsu key lab of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
- Nanjing Gemini Biotechnology Co. Ltd, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Wanmei Liu
- Jiangsu key lab of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Xinlei Hu
- Jiangsu key lab of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Wenting Chen
- Jiangsu key lab of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Xiaoxue Xie
- Jiangsu key lab of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Jiangsu key lab of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
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16
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Wang G, Tai R, Wu Y, Yang S, Wang J, Yu X, Lei L, Shan Z, Li N. The expression and immunoregulation of immune checkpoint molecule VISTA in autoimmune diseases and cancers. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2020; 52:1-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2020.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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17
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Barrueto L, Caminero F, Cash L, Makris C, Lamichhane P, Deshmukh RR. Resistance to Checkpoint Inhibition in Cancer Immunotherapy. Transl Oncol 2020; 13:100738. [PMID: 32114384 PMCID: PMC7047187 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2019.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The interaction of the host immune system with tumor cells in the tissue microenvironment is essential in understanding tumor immunity and development of successful cancer immunotherapy. The presence of lymphocytes in tumors is highly correlated with an improved outcome. T cells have a set of cell surface receptors termed immune checkpoints that when activated suppress T cell function. Upregulation of immune checkpoint receptors such as programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) and cytotoxic T lymphocyte associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) occurs during T cell activation in an effort to prevent damage from an excessive immune response. Immune checkpoint inhibitors allow the adaptive immune system to respond to tumors more effectively. There has been clinical success in different types of cancer blocking immune checkpoint receptors such as PD-1 and CTLA. However, relapse has occurred. The innate and acquired/therapy induced resistance to treatment has been encountered. Aberrant cellular signal transduction is a major contributing factor to resistance to immunotherapy. Combination therapies with other co-inhibitory immune checkpoints such as TIM-3, LAG3 and VISTA are currently being tested to overcome resistance to cancer immunotherapy. Expression of TIM-3 has been associated with resistance to PD-1 blockade and combined blockade of TIM-3 and PD-1 has demonstrated improved responses in preclinical models. LAG3 blockade has the potential to increase the responsiveness of cytotoxic T-cells to tumors. Furthermore, tumors that were found to express VISTA had an increased rate of growth due to the T cell suppression. The growing understanding of the inhibitory immune checkpoints’ ligand biology, signaling mechanisms, and T-cell suppression in the tumor microenvironment continues to fuel preclinical and clinical advancements in design, testing, and approval of agents that block checkpoint molecules. Our review seeks to bridge fundamental regulatory mechanisms across inhibitory immune checkpoint receptors that are of great importance in resistance to cancer immunotherapy. We will summarize the biology of different checkpoint molecules, highlight the effect of individual checkpoint inhibition as anti-tumor therapies, and outline the literatures that explore mechanisms of resistance to individual checkpoint inhibition pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Barrueto
- Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL
| | - Francheska Caminero
- Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL
| | - Lindsay Cash
- Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL
| | - Courtney Makris
- Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL
| | - Purushottam Lamichhane
- Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Florida School of Dental Medicine, Bradenton, FL.
| | - Rahul R Deshmukh
- Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Bradenton, FL.
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18
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ElTanbouly MA, Schaafsma E, Noelle RJ, Lines JL. VISTA: Coming of age as a multi-lineage immune checkpoint. Clin Exp Immunol 2020; 200:120-130. [PMID: 31930484 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune response is governed by a highly complex set of interactions among cells and mediators. T cells may be rendered dysfunctional by the presence of high levels of antigen in the absence of co-stimulation while myeloid cells may be programmed towards an immunosuppressive state that promotes cancer growth and metastasis while deterring tumor immunity. In addition, inhibitory programs driven by immune checkpoint regulators dampen anti-tumor immunity. The ideal cancer immunotherapy treatment will improve both cross-priming in the tumor microenvironment and relieve suppression by the inhibitory checkpoints. Recently, blockade of programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) and cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) has elicited impressive results, but not in all patients, so additional targets are under investigation. V-set immunoglobulin domain suppressor of T cell activation (VISTA) is a novel immunoregulatory receptor that is broadly expressed on cells of the myeloid and lymphoid lineages, and is frequently implicated as a poor prognostic indicator in multiple cancers. Importantly, antibody targeting of VISTA uniquely engages both innate and adaptive immunity. This, combined with the expression of VISTA and its non-redundant activities compared to other immune checkpoint regulators, qualifies VISTA to be a promising target for improving cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A ElTanbouly
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - E Schaafsma
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA.,Department of Biomedical Data Science, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - R J Noelle
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - J L Lines
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA
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19
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Mardomi A, Mohammadi N, Khosroshahi HT, Abediankenari S. An update on potentials and promises of T cell co-signaling molecules in transplantation. J Cell Physiol 2019; 235:4183-4197. [PMID: 31696513 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The promising outcomes of immune-checkpoint based immunotherapies in cancer have provided a proportional perspective ahead of exploiting similar approaches in allotransplantation. Belatacept (CTLA-4-Ig) is an example of costimulation blockers successfully exploited in renal transplantation. Due to the wide range of regulatory molecules characterized in the past decades, some of these molecules might be candidates as immunomodulators in the case of tolerance induction in transplantation. Although there are numerous attempts on the apprehension of the effects of co-signaling molecules on immune response, the necessity for a better understanding is evident. By increasing the knowledge on the biology of co-signaling pathways, some pitfalls are recognized and improved approaches are proposed. The blockage of CD80/CD28 axis is an instance of evolution toward more efficacy. It is now evident that anti-CD28 antibodies are more effective than CD80 blockers in animal models of transplantation. Other co-signaling axes such as PD-1/PD-L1, CD40/CD154, 2B4/CD48, and others discussed in the present review are examples of critical immunomodulatory molecules in allogeneic transplantation. We review here the outcomes of recent experiences with co-signaling molecules in preclinical studies of solid organ transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Mardomi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.,Immunogenetics Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Nabiallah Mohammadi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.,Immunogenetics Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | | | - Saeid Abediankenari
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.,Immunogenetics Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
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20
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Immune checkpoint molecules. Possible future therapeutic implications in autoimmune diseases. J Autoimmun 2019; 104:102333. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2019.102333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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21
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Hid Cadena R, Reitsema RD, Huitema MG, van Sleen Y, van der Geest KSM, Heeringa P, Boots AMH, Abdulahad WH, Brouwer E. Decreased Expression of Negative Immune Checkpoint VISTA by CD4+ T Cells Facilitates T Helper 1, T Helper 17, and T Follicular Helper Lineage Differentiation in GCA. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1638. [PMID: 31379838 PMCID: PMC6646729 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Loss of immune checkpoint (IC) Programmed Death-1 (PD-1) and PD-Ligand1 (PD-L1) expression has been implicated in the immunopathology of Giant Cell Arteritis (GCA). The contribution of the negative immune checkpoint V-domain Immunoglobulin-containing suppressor of T cell activation (VISTA) to GCA pathology has not yet been studied. The aim of our study was to investigate if expression of VISTA and other IC molecules by peripheral blood (PB) immune cells is modulated in GCA and at the site of vascular inflammation. In addition, we assessed the effect of VISTA-Ig engagement on in vitro CD4+ T helper (Th) lineage differentiation. To this end, frequencies of monocytes expressing CD80/86, PD-L1, PD-L2, and VISTA were determined in blood samples from 30 GCA patients and 18 matched healthy controls by flow cytometry. In parallel, frequencies of CD4+ cells expressing CD28, Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4), PD-1, and VISTA were determined. Immunohistochemistry was employed to detect VISTA, PD-1, and PD-L1-expressing cells in temporal artery biopsies (TABs) diagnostic of GCA. Furthermore, the effect of VISTA-Ig on in vitro CD4+ Th lineage differentiation in patients and controls was determined. Our study shows that frequencies of CD80/CD86+ and VISTA+ monocytes were decreased in treated GCA patients only. Moreover, proportions of PD-1+ and VISTA+ Th cells were significantly decreased in GCA patients. Clear infiltration of VISTA+, PD1+, and PD-L1+ cells was seen in GCA TABs. Finally, VISTA-Ig engagement failed to suppress Th1, Th17, and Tfh lineage development in GCA. Our results indicate that decreased expression of VISTA may facilitate development of pathogenic Th1 and Th17 cells in GCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Hid Cadena
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Rosanne D Reitsema
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Minke G Huitema
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Yannick van Sleen
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Kornelis S M van der Geest
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Peter Heeringa
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Annemieke M H Boots
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Wayel H Abdulahad
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.,Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth Brouwer
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
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22
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Khair DO, Bax HJ, Mele S, Crescioli S, Pellizzari G, Khiabany A, Nakamura M, Harris RJ, French E, Hoffmann RM, Williams IP, Cheung A, Thair B, Beales CT, Touizer E, Signell AW, Tasnova NL, Spicer JF, Josephs DH, Geh JL, MacKenzie Ross A, Healy C, Papa S, Lacy KE, Karagiannis SN. Combining Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: Established and Emerging Targets and Strategies to Improve Outcomes in Melanoma. Front Immunol 2019; 10:453. [PMID: 30941125 PMCID: PMC6435047 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune system employs several checkpoint pathways to regulate responses, maintain homeostasis and prevent self-reactivity and autoimmunity. Tumor cells can hijack these protective mechanisms to enable immune escape, cancer survival and proliferation. Blocking antibodies, designed to interfere with checkpoint molecules CTLA-4 and PD-1/PD-L1 and counteract these immune suppressive mechanisms, have shown significant success in promoting immune responses against cancer and can result in tumor regression in many patients. While inhibitors to CTLA-4 and the PD-1/PD-L1 axis are well-established for the clinical management of melanoma, many patients do not respond or develop resistance to these interventions. Concerted efforts have focused on combinations of approved therapies aiming to further augment positive outcomes and survival. While CTLA-4 and PD-1 are the most-extensively researched targets, results from pre-clinical studies and clinical trials indicate that novel agents, specific for checkpoints such as A2AR, LAG-3, IDO and others, may further contribute to the improvement of patient outcomes, most likely in combinations with anti-CTLA-4 or anti-PD-1 blockade. This review discusses the rationale for, and results to date of, the development of inhibitory immune checkpoint blockade combination therapies in melanoma. The clinical potential of new pipeline therapeutics, and possible future therapy design and directions that hold promise to significantly improve clinical prognosis compared with monotherapy, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duaa O. Khair
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Heather J. Bax
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Silvia Mele
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Silvia Crescioli
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Giulia Pellizzari
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Atousa Khiabany
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mano Nakamura
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Elise French
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ricarda M. Hoffmann
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Iwan P. Williams
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony Cheung
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guy's Cancer Centre, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin Thair
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Charlie T. Beales
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Emma Touizer
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Adrian W. Signell
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nahrin L. Tasnova
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - James F. Spicer
- School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Debra H. Josephs
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jenny L. Geh
- Department of Plastic Surgery at Guy's, King's, and St. Thomas' Hospitals, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alastair MacKenzie Ross
- Department of Plastic Surgery at Guy's, King's, and St. Thomas' Hospitals, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ciaran Healy
- Department of Plastic Surgery at Guy's, King's, and St. Thomas' Hospitals, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sophie Papa
- School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Katie E. Lacy
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sophia N. Karagiannis
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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23
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Paluch C, Santos AM, Anzilotti C, Cornall RJ, Davis SJ. Immune Checkpoints as Therapeutic Targets in Autoimmunity. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2306. [PMID: 30349540 PMCID: PMC6186808 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibodies that block the immune checkpoint receptors PD1 and CTLA4 have revolutionized the treatment of melanoma and several other cancers, but in the process, a new class of drug side effect has emerged—immune related adverse events. The observation that therapeutic blockade of these inhibitory receptors is sufficient to break self-tolerance, highlights their crucial role in the physiological modulation of immune responses. Here, we discuss the rationale for targeting immune checkpoint receptors with agonistic agents in autoimmunity, to restore tolerance when it is lost. We review progress that has been made to date, using Fc-fusion proteins, monoclonal antibodies or other novel constructs to induce immunosuppressive signaling through these pathways. Finally, we explore potential mechanisms by which these receptors trigger and modulate immune cell function, and how understanding these processes might shape the design of more effective therapeutic agents in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Paluch
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ana Mafalda Santos
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Consuelo Anzilotti
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Richard J Cornall
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Simon J Davis
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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24
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Anderson R, Rapoport BL. Immune Dysregulation in Cancer Patients Undergoing Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Treatment and Potential Predictive Strategies for Future Clinical Practice. Front Oncol 2018; 8:80. [PMID: 29623257 PMCID: PMC5874299 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Realization of the full potential of immune checkpoint inhibitor-targeted onco-immunotherapy is largely dependent on overcoming the obstacles presented by the resistance of some cancers, as well as on reducing the high frequency of immune-related adverse events (IRAEs) associated with this type of immunotherapy. With the exception of combining therapeutic monoclonal antibodies, which target different types of immune checkpoint inhibitory molecules, progress in respect of improving therapeutic efficacy has been somewhat limited to date. Likewise, the identification of strategies to predict and monitor the development of IRAEs has also met with limited success due, at least in part, to lack of insight into mechanisms of immunopathogenesis. Accordingly, considerable effort is currently being devoted to the identification and evaluation of strategies which address both of these concerns and it is these issues which represent the major focus of the current review, particularly those which may be predictive of development of IRAEs. Following an introductory section, this review briefly covers those immune checkpoint inhibitors currently approved for clinical application, as well as more recently identified immune checkpoint inhibitory molecules, which may serve as future therapeutic targets. The remaining and more extensive sections represent overviews of: (i) putative strategies which may improve the therapeutic efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors; (ii) recent insights into the immunopathogenesis of IRAEs, most prominently enterocolitis; and (iii) strategies, mostly unexplored, which may be predictive of development of IRAEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald Anderson
- Department of Immunology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Bernardo L. Rapoport
- Department of Immunology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- The Medical Oncology Centre of Rosebank, Johannesburg, South Africa
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25
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Xu W, Hiếu T, Malarkannan S, Wang L. The structure, expression, and multifaceted role of immune-checkpoint protein VISTA as a critical regulator of anti-tumor immunity, autoimmunity, and inflammation. Cell Mol Immunol 2018; 15:438-446. [PMID: 29375120 DOI: 10.1038/cmi.2017.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Among various immunoregulatory molecules, the B7 family of immune-checkpoint receptors consists of highly valuable targets for cancer immunotherapy. Antibodies targeting two B7 family co-inhibitory receptors, CTLA-4 and PD-1, have elicited long-term clinical outcomes in previously refractory cancer types and are considered a breakthrough in cancer therapy. Despite the success, the relatively low response rate (20-30%) warrants efforts to identify and overcome additional immune-suppressive pathways. Among the expanding list of T cell inhibitory regulators, V domain immunoglobulin suppressor of T cell activation (VISTA) is a unique B7 family checkpoint that regulates a broad spectrum of immune responses. Here, we summarize recent advances that highlight the structure, expression, and multi-faceted immunomodulatory mechanisms of VISTA in the context of autoimmunity, inflammation, and anti-tumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Xu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - TạMinh Hiếu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Subramaniam Malarkannan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.,Department of Medicine, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.,Blood Research Institute, 53226, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.
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