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Ogunlana OO, Ogunlana OE, Adeneye AA, Udo-Chijioke O, Dare-Olipede T, Olagunju JA, Akindahunsi AA. Evaluation of the toxicological profile of the leaves and young twigs of Caesalpinia bonduc (Linn) roxb. AFRICAN JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL, COMPLEMENTARY, AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINES 2013; 10:504-12. [PMID: 24311878 DOI: 10.4314/ajtcam.v10i6.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Acute and sub-acute toxicological effects of ethanolic extract of the leaves and young twigs of Caesalpinia bonduc were carried out on albino rats. Single extract doses from 2000 to 5000 mg/kg body weight were administered orally and monitored for 14 days in acute study, while extract doses from 200 to 1600 mg/kg body weight were orally administered daily for 28 days in sub-acute study and recovery was assessed 14 days after dosing. Biochemical, haematological and histopathological examinations were carried out. There was no mortality in the experimental animals in all acute treatment doses. However, there were significant alterations in the biomarkers and induced cellular damage to the liver in all acute treatment doses. In the sub-acute toxicity treatment, the assessed biomarkers were unaffected at extract dose of 200 mg/kg body weight compared to control, while significant changes were observed in rats administered with extract doses of 400 mg/kg body weight and above. No significant difference was observed between the tested groups and the recovery groups in the sub-acute toxicity study. In conclusion, the ethanolic extract of C. bonduc could be toxic to selected organs of the rat body in acute and sub-acute treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olubanke O Ogunlana
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science and Technology, Covenant University, PMB 1023, Ota, Ogun, Nigeria
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TURNER RH, SNAVELY JR, GOLDWATER WH, RANDOLPH ML, SPRAGUE CC, UNGLAUB WG. The study of serum proteins and lipids with the aid of the quantity ultracentrifuge. I. Procedure and principal features of the centrifugate of untreated normal serum as determined by quantitative analysis of samples from ten levels. J Clin Invest 2004; 30:1071-81. [PMID: 14888685 PMCID: PMC436349 DOI: 10.1172/jci102527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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EDER HA, RUSS EM, PRITCHETT RAR, WILBER MM, BARR DP. Protein-lipid relationships in human plasma: in biliary cirrhosis, obstructive jaundice, and acute hepatitis. J Clin Invest 2003; 34:1147-62. [PMID: 14392229 PMCID: PMC438865 DOI: 10.1172/jci103163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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CARLSON LA, OLHAGEN B. Studies on a case of essential hyperlipemia: blood lipids, with special reference to the composition and metabolism of the serum glycerides before, during and after the course of a viral hepatitis. J Clin Invest 2000; 38:854-62. [PMID: 13654521 PMCID: PMC293231 DOI: 10.1172/jci103867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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PHILLIPS GB. The lipid composition of serum in patients with liver disease. J Clin Invest 1998; 39:1639-50. [PMID: 13735297 PMCID: PMC293404 DOI: 10.1172/jci104187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Rumpl E, Kunz F. [The pattern of phospholipids during the course of delirium tremens (author's transl)]. J Neurol 1984; 209:31-6. [PMID: 50419 PMCID: PMC8332069 DOI: 10.1007/bf00312523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Plasma phospholipids were examined in patients with delirium tremens in the acute phase of the disease and after recovery. The levels of lysolecithin, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylethanolamine, sphingomyelin and the total of phospholipids were decreased in comparison to normals. Phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol and the total phospholipids were diminished in comparison to patients with liver cirrhoses. Only in the plasma of patients with liver cirrhoses with bad prognosis (hepatic coma) similar low levels of total phospholipids were found. It is concluded from these results, that the synthesis of phospholipids is reduced during delirium tremens.
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Abstract
There are many changes in the plasma, lipids, and lipoproteins in patients with liver disease. They have proved difficult to study but our understanding of these changes has increased greatly during recent years. In obstructive jaundice hyperlipidaemia is a fairly constant finding and this appears to be due to the regurgitation of phospholipid from the obstructed biliary tree. The plasma lipids tend to fall with parenchymal liver disease. The composition of the lipoproteins depends on the activity of the plasma enzyme lecithin: cholesterol acyl transferase. When LCAT activity is high the individual lipoprotein fractions are normal. When it is reduced all of the lipoprotein fractions are affected but the pattern found with obstruction is quite different from that found with parenchymal disease. The changes in plasma lipoproteins appear to be associated with change in the lipid composition of cellular membranes and this may have important functional implications.
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Klose G, Windelband J, Weizel A, Greten H. Secondary hypertriglyceridaemia in patients with parenchymal liver disease. Eur J Clin Invest 1977; 7:557-62. [PMID: 415876 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2362.1977.tb01651.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Hypertriglyceridaemia occurring in patients with liver disease has been studied by measuring hepatic triglyceride lipase (H-TGL) and plasma lipoprotein lipase (LPL) by selective precipitation of H-TGL with specific antibodies. Lipid analysis, determination of lecithin-cholesterol-acyltransferase (LCAT) activity, and liver function tests were performed in parallel in fifty patients with acute hepatitis, twenty patients with chronic active or persistent hepatitis and fifty with cirrhosis of the liver. Total post-heparin lipolytic activity (PHLA) decreased with the severity of liver dysfunction. This decrease was due to low H-TGL and only to some degree to low LPL activity. With improvement over several weeks of hospitalization, hypertriglyceridaemia disappeared with a concomitant increase of H-TGL and LPL. It is concluded that impaired triglyceride metabolism in liver disease is at least partly caused by diminished plasma hepatic TGL activity.
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Baumgarten M, Wienbeck M, Englhardt A, Martini GA. [Serum lipoproteins in acute viral hepatitis (author's transl)]. KLINISCHE WOCHENSCHRIFT 1974; 52:617-23. [PMID: 4368255 DOI: 10.1007/bf01468796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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McINTYRE NEIL, HEATHCOTE JENNY. The Laboratory in the Diagnosis and Management of Viral Hepatitis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1974. [DOI: 10.1016/s0300-5089(21)00372-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Cholesterinstoffwechsel und Lecithin-Cholesterin-Acyl-Transferase im Plasma bei experimenteller Hepatitis und Cholestase an der Ratte. Clin Chem Lab Med 1970. [DOI: 10.1515/cclm.1970.8.4.413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Dienstl F, Kunz F, Maizar HA. [Changes in plasma phospholipids in acute hepatitis]. KLINISCHE WOCHENSCHRIFT 1966; 44:967-8. [PMID: 4297434 DOI: 10.1007/bf01711470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Svanborg A, Vikrot O. Plasma lipid fractions, including individual phospholipids, at various stages of pregnancy. ACTA MEDICA SCANDINAVICA 1965; 178:615-30. [PMID: 5850339 DOI: 10.1111/j.0954-6820.1965.tb04310.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Albrink MJ. The microtitration of total fatty acids of serum, with notes on the estimation of triglycerides. J Lipid Res 1959. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-2275(20)39092-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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GODAL HC, LUND JC, SIVERTSSEN E. Lipids and lipoproteins in serum in cases of familial essential hypercholesteremia and xanthomatosis. ACTA MEDICA SCANDINAVICA. SUPPLEMENTUM 1956; 319:125-35. [PMID: 13394203 DOI: 10.1111/j.0954-6820.1956.tb06306.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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GILLMAN J, GILBERT C, SPENCE I. Some factors regulating the structural integrity of the intrahepatic bile ducts with special reference to primary carcinoma of the liver and vitamin A. Cancer 1954; 7:1119-54. [PMID: 13209514 DOI: 10.1002/1097-0142(195411)7:6<1109::aid-cncr2820070605>3.0.co;2-e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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JACKSON RS, WILKINSON CF. The phospholipid-cholesterol relationship in human plasma: its implications in the atherosclerosis problem. J Am Geriatr Soc 1953; 1:447-58. [PMID: 13069210 DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.1953.tb06260.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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TURNER RH, SNAVELY JR, GOLDWATER WH, RANDOLPH ML. The study of serum proteins and lipids with the aid of the quantity ultracentrifuge. VII. Some features of system of lipoproteins which contain phospholipid but no free cholesterol. THE YALE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 1952; 24:450-65. [PMID: 14951393 PMCID: PMC2599273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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PLOTZ MB. Fat metabolism in coronary atheroma. Postgrad Med 1951; 10:459-64. [PMID: 14891529 DOI: 10.1080/00325481.1951.11691605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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WATKIN DM, FROEB HG, HATCH FT, GUTMAN AB. Effects of diet in essential hypertension. II. Results with unmodified Kempner rice diet in 50 hospitalized patients. Am J Med 1950; 9:441-93. [PMID: 14771097 DOI: 10.1016/0002-9343(50)90200-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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WATKIN DM, FROEB HF, HATCH FT, GUTMAN AB. Effects of diet in essential hypertension. I. Baseline study: effects in 86 cases of prolonged hospitalization on regular hospital diet. Am J Med 1950; 9:428-40. [PMID: 14771096 DOI: 10.1016/0002-9343(50)90199-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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