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A novel murine in vivo model for acute hereditary angioedema attacks. Sci Rep 2021; 11:15924. [PMID: 34354123 PMCID: PMC8342443 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-95125-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Hereditary Angioedema (HAE) is a rare genetic disease generally caused by deficiency or mutations in the C1-inhibitor gene, SERPING1, a member of the Serpin family. HAE results in acute attacks of edema, vasodilation, GI pain and hypotension. C1INH is a key inhibitor of enzymes controlling complement activation, fibrinolysis and the contact system. In HAE patients, contact system activation leads to uncontrolled production of bradykinin, the vasodilator responsible for the characteristic symptoms of HAE. In this study, we present the first physiological in vivo model to mimic acute HAE attacks. We evaluate hypotension, one of the many hallmark symptoms of acute HAE attacks using Serping1 deficient mice (serping1−/−) and implanted telemetry. Attacks were induced by IV injection of a silica nanoparticle (SiNP) suspension. Blood pressure was measured in real time, in conscious and untethered mice using implanted telemetry. SiNP injection induced a rapid, reversible decrease in blood pressure, in the presence of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition. We also demonstrate that an HAE therapeutic, ecallantide, can prevent HAE attacks in this model. The in vivo murine model described here can facilitate the understanding of acute HAE attacks, support drug development and ultimately contribute to improved patient care.
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Jenkins DJA, Kendall CWC, Lamarche B, Banach MS, Srichaikul K, Vidgen E, Mitchell S, Parker T, Nishi S, Bashyam B, de Souza RJ, Ireland C, Pichika SC, Beyene J, Sievenpiper JL, Josse RG. Nuts as a replacement for carbohydrates in the diabetic diet: a reanalysis of a randomised controlled trial. Diabetologia 2018; 61:1734-1747. [PMID: 29789878 PMCID: PMC6061153 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-018-4628-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS In line with current advice, we assessed the effect of replacing carbohydrate consumption with mixed nut consumption, as a source of unsaturated fat, on cardiovascular risk factors and HbA1c in type 2 diabetes. The data presented here are from a paper that was retracted at the authors' request ( https://doi.org/10.2337/dc16-rt02 ) owing to lack of adjustment for repeated measures in the same individual. Our aim, therefore, was to fix the error and add new complementary data of interest, including information on clotting factors and LDL particle size. METHODS A total of 117 men and postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes who were taking oral glucose-lowering agents and with HbA1c between 47.5 and 63.9 mmol/mol (6.5-8.0%) were randomised after stratification by sex and baseline HbA1c in a parallel design to one of three diets for 3 months: (1) 'full-dose nut diet' (n = 40): a diet with 2.0 MJ (477 kcal) per 8.4 MJ (2000 kcal) energy provided as mixed nuts (75 g/day); (2) 'full-dose muffin diet' (n = 39): a diet with 1.97 MJ (471 kcal) per 8.4 MJ (2000 kcal) energy provided as three whole-wheat muffins (188 g/day), with a similar protein content to the nuts, and the same carbohydrate-derived energy content as the monounsaturated fatty acid-derived energy content in the nuts; or (3) 'half-dose nut diet' (n = 38): a diet with 1.98 MJ (474 kcal) per 8.4 MJ (2000 kcal) energy provided as half portions of both the nuts and muffins. The primary outcome was change in HbA1c. The study was carried out in a hospital clinical research centre and concluded in 2008. Only the statistician, study physicians and analytical technicians could be blinded to the group assessment. RESULTS A total of 108 participants had post-intervention data available for analysis (full-dose nut group, n = 40; full-dose muffin group, n = 35; half-dose nut group, n = 33). Compared with the full-dose muffin diet, the full-dose nut diet provided 9.2% (95% CI 7.1, 11.3) greater total energy intake from monounsaturated fat. The full-dose nut diet (median intake, 75 g/day) also reduced HbA1c compared with the full-dose muffin diet by -2.0 mmol/mol (95% CI -3.8, -0.3 mmol/mol) (-0.19% [95% CI -0.35%, -0.02%]), (p = 0.026). Estimated cholesterol levels in LDL particles with a diameter <255 ångström [LDL-c<255Å]) and apolipoprotein B were also significantly decreased after the full-dose nut diet compared with the full-dose muffin diet. According to the dose response, the full-dose nut diet is predicted to reduce HbA1c (-2.0 mmol/mol [-0.18%]; p = 0.044), cholesterol (-0.25 mmol/l; p = 0.022), LDL-cholesterol (-0.23 mmol/l; p = 0.019), non-HDL-cholesterol (-0.26 mmol/l; p = 0.020), apolipoprotein B (-0.06 g/l, p = 0.013) and LDL-c<255Å (-0.42 mmol/l; p < 0.001). No serious study-related adverse events occurred, but one participant on the half-dose nut diet was hospitalised for atrial fibrillation after shovelling snow. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Nut intake as a replacement for carbohydrate consumption improves glycaemic control and lipid risk factors in individuals with type 2 diabetes. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00410722 FUNDING: The study was funded by the International Tree Nut Council Nutrition Research and Education Foundation, the Peanut Institute, Loblaw Companies and the Canada Research Chairs Program of the Government of Canada.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J A Jenkins
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 5th Floor, Medical Science Building (MSB), 1 Kings College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada.
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Cyril W C Kendall
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 5th Floor, Medical Science Building (MSB), 1 Kings College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
- Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Benoît Lamarche
- School of Nutrition, Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Monica S Banach
- Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Korbua Srichaikul
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 5th Floor, Medical Science Building (MSB), 1 Kings College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
- Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Family and Community Medicine, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Edward Vidgen
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 5th Floor, Medical Science Building (MSB), 1 Kings College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
- Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sandy Mitchell
- Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tina Parker
- Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Stephanie Nishi
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 5th Floor, Medical Science Building (MSB), 1 Kings College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
- Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Balachandran Bashyam
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 5th Floor, Medical Science Building (MSB), 1 Kings College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
- Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Russell J de Souza
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 5th Floor, Medical Science Building (MSB), 1 Kings College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
- Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Christopher Ireland
- Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sathish C Pichika
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 5th Floor, Medical Science Building (MSB), 1 Kings College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
- Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada
| | - Joseph Beyene
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - John L Sievenpiper
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 5th Floor, Medical Science Building (MSB), 1 Kings College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
- Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Robert G Josse
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 5th Floor, Medical Science Building (MSB), 1 Kings College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
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FEINSTEIN DI, ØSTERUD B, RAO LVM. Samuel I. Rapaport, creator of the partial thromboplastin time and other landmark blood coagulation discoveries: 19 November 1921-20 December 2011. J Thromb Haemost 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2012.04849.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Halabian R, Fathabad ME, Masroori N, Roushandeh AM, Saki S, Amirizadeh N, Najafabadi AJ, Gharehbaghian A, Roudkenar MH. Expression and purification of recombinant human coagulation factor VII fused to a histidine tag using Gateway technology. BLOOD TRANSFUSION = TRASFUSIONE DEL SANGUE 2009; 7:305-12. [PMID: 20011642 PMCID: PMC2782808 DOI: 10.2450/2009.0081-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2008] [Accepted: 03/10/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Factor VII (FVII) is a plasma glycoprotein that participates in the coagulation process leading to the generation of fibrin. The aim of this study was to construct, express and purify recombinant FVII fused to a polyhistidine (his) tag using Gateway technology. METHODS To construct the entry clone, blunt-end FVII cDNA and subsequent polymerase chain reaction (PCR) product isolated from a HepG2 cell line was TOPO-cloned into a pENTR TOPO vector. To construct the expression clone, a LR recombination reaction was carried out between the entry clone and destination vector, pDEST26. Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells were transfected with 1 microg of DNA of PDEST26-FVII using the FuGENE HD transfection reagent. Two cell lines that permanently expressed recombinant FVII were established. The expression of recombinant FVII was confirmed by reverse transcriptase PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Culture medium containing his-tagged FVII was added to the nickel-nitrilotriacetic acid resin column and bound protein was eluted. The purified protein was detected by sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and western blot analysis. The biological activity of the recombinant FVII was determined by a prothrombin time assay using FVII-depleted plasma. RESULTS The results showed that human recombinant FVII was successfully cloned and the accuracy of the nucleotide sequence of the gene and its frame in the vector were confirmed by DNA sequencing. Stable clones transfected with the construct expressed FVII mRNA and related protein but no expression was detected in the CHO cells containing an empty vector. A protein of about 52 KDa was detected in SDS-PAGE and was further confirmed by western blot analysis. A three-fold decrease in clotting time was observed using this recombinant FVII. CONCLUSION As far as we are aware, this is the first report of expression of recombinant FVII fused with a his-tag through Gateway technology. The next steps, including large scale expression, purification, activation and stabilisation, are underway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nasser Masroori
- Research Centre, Iranian Blood Transfusion Organisation, Tehran
| | | | - Sasan Saki
- Islamic Azad University, Arak Branch, Arak
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Dudek MM, Gandhiraman RP, Volcke C, Cafolla AA, Daniels S, Killard AJ. Plasma surface modification of cyclo-olefin polymers and its application to lateral flow bioassays. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2009; 25:11155-61. [PMID: 19735157 DOI: 10.1021/la901455g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The modification of cyclo-olefin polymer Zeonor by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition to form a silica-like surface and evaluation of its application for lateral flow bioassays applications are discussed in this study. The SiOx layer was extensively characterized using contact angle measurements, atomic force microscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy in attenuated total internal reflectance mode where the presence of a uniform SiOx film was clearly identified. The SiOx modification resulted in a surface with enhanced wettability and excellent fluidic properties when combined with a hot-embossed micropillar capillary fill-based substrate. The SiOx surface also had the ability to accelerate the clotting of human plasma, which may have application in certain types of blood coagulation assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena M Dudek
- Biomedical Diagnostics Institute, National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
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Halabian R, Roudkenar MH, Esmaeili NS, Masroori N, Roushandeh AM, Najafabadi AJ. Establishment of a cell line expressing recombinant factor VII and its subsequent conversion to active form FVIIa through hepsin by genetic engineering method. Vox Sang 2009; 96:309-15. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1423-0410.2008.01158.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Rapaport SI, Hjort PF, Patch MJ, Jeremic M. Consumption of serum factors and prothrombin during intravascular clotting in rabbits. SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF HAEMATOLOGY 2009; 3:59-75. [PMID: 5914457 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0609.1966.tb00626.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Stone R, Seymour J, Marshall O. Plastic containers and the whole-blood clotting test: glass remains the best option. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2006; 100:1168-72. [PMID: 16765393 DOI: 10.1016/j.trstmh.2006.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2006] [Revised: 01/31/2006] [Accepted: 01/31/2006] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This is the first study to identify normal whole-blood clotting times in various plastic containers and to identify the effect of the addition of various concentrations of Pseudechis australis (Mulga snake) venom on the clotting time in glass and plastic. Polycarbonate was identified as a potential alternative to glass as a testing container owing to a whole-blood clotting time within acceptable limits for a bedside test (mean 29.5 min) and equivalent performance to glass in the presence of P. australis venom. Other plastic containers (such as polypropylene and polyethylene) were found to be unsuitable owing to very prolonged clotting times (>60 min) or impaired performance in the presence of venom. Overall, owing to the variation between the performance of different plastics and the difficulty in differentiating between them, plastic containers cannot be recommended as an alternative to glass when performing the whole-blood clotting test for envenomed patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Stone
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Cairns Base Hospital, Cairns, Queensland, Australia.
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Abstract
Open heart surgery was not possible before the early 1950s. The development of controlled cross-circulation at the University of Minnesota in 1953 was a major contributing factor toward operating safely on the interior of the heart. Cross-circulation required connecting a donor's arterial and venous blood vessels to those of a smaller recipient whose heart could then be opened for corrective surgery. At that time no mechanical system was available to serve the role of the donor. The need to replace the donor was recognized. The author describes his experience with the development of the helical reservoir bubble oxygenator, which replaced the donor in cross-circulation supported open heart surgery. Other sidelights of the author's experience during the early days of open heart surgery at the University of Minnesota Department of Surgery are also recounted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard A DeWall
- Emeritus Clinical Professor of Surgery, Wright State University Medical School, Dayton, Ohio, USA
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10
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Abstract
Open-heart surgery was not possible before the early 1950s. Such surgery awaited the development of cardiopulmonary bypass. The development of controlled cross-circulation at the University of Minnesota in 1953 was a major contributing factor towards operating safely on the interior of the heart. Cross-circulation required connecting a donor's arterial and venous blood vessels to those of a smaller recipient whose heart could then be opened for corrective surgery. At that time, no mechanical system was available to serve the role of the donor. The need to replace the donor as soon as possible was recognized. The author has recounted his experience with the development of a bubble oxygenator system, which replaced the donor as was used in cross-circulation open-heart surgery.
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SOULIER JP, WARTELLE O, MENACHE D. Hageman trait and PTA deficiency; the role of contact of blood with glass. Br J Haematol 2000; 5:121-38. [PMID: 13628933 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.1959.tb04017.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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WESSLER S, REIMER SM. The role of human coagulation factors in serum-induced thrombosis. J Clin Invest 1998; 39:262-5. [PMID: 13844119 PMCID: PMC441803 DOI: 10.1172/jci104036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Contact System: A Vascular Biology Modulator With Anticoagulant, Profibrinolytic, Antiadhesive, and Proinflammatory Attributes. Blood 1997. [DOI: 10.1182/blood.v90.10.3819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 439] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Wachtfogel YT, DeLa Cadena RA, Colman RW. Structural biology, cellular interactions and pathophysiology of the contact system. Thromb Res 1993; 72:1-21. [PMID: 8122183 DOI: 10.1016/0049-3848(93)90168-n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Y T Wachtfogel
- Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140
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Ratnoff OD. Why does the blood not coagulate? West J Med 1993; 158:195-6. [PMID: 8434480 PMCID: PMC1021984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Bruckert E, Carvalho de Sousa J, Giral P, Soria C, Chapman MJ, Caen J, de Gennes JL. Interrelationship of plasma triglyceride and coagulant factor VII levels in normotriglyceridemic hypercholesterolemia. Atherosclerosis 1989; 75:129-34. [PMID: 2712858 DOI: 10.1016/0021-9150(89)90169-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
We have evaluated the potential relationships between plasma levels of certain coagulation factors, i.e. factor VII antigen (F VIIag) and factor VII coagulant activity (F VIIc), and parameters of lipid transport in a group of 90 normotriglyceridemic patients displaying hypercholesterolemia (Fredrickson's type IIa hyperlipoproteinemia). Levels of factor VIIc were significantly elevated (P less than 0.01) in this patient group as compared to a group of healthy normolipidemic subjects. By contrast, levels of factor VIIag were also increased, but such differences were not significant in relation to those of controls. Furthermore, concentrations of F VIIc and F VIIag in hypercholesterolemic males and females resembled each other. Similar observations were made when patients were divided into those either presenting or lacking symptoms of vascular disease. However, plasma levels of both F VIIc and F VIIag were positively correlated with circulating triglyceride concentrations in the hypercholesterolemic group, but not with other parameters of lipid transport such as serum cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, and apolipoprotein B. When patients were treated with a lipid-lowering agent (cholestyramine), lower levels of both F VIIc and F VIIag were found concomitantly with a decrease of similar order in triglyceride concentrations. We conclude that serum triglyceride levels, even within the normal range, may be associated with elevation in the activity of factor VII in hypercholesterolemic patients, thereby increasing their risk of thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Bruckert
- Service d'Endocrinologie-Metabolisme, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpetrière, Paris, France
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Carvalho de Sousa J, Azevedo J, Soria C, Barros F, Ribeiro C, Parreira F, Caen JP. Factor VII hyperactivity in acute myocardial thrombosis. A relation to the coagulation activation. Thromb Res 1988; 51:165-73. [PMID: 3187958 DOI: 10.1016/0049-3848(88)90060-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
It has been shown that coagulation factor VII (FVII) has an increased coagulant activity (FVIIc) in cardiovascular high risk patients and that it is a important risk factor for the development of ischaemic heart disease (IHD) and cardiovascular death. In this study, we measured FVII coagulant (FVIIc) and immunological (FVIIag) activities during the acute phase of unstable angina (UA) and acute uncomplicated and complicated myocardial infarction (AMI). We have also studied its changes in relation to thrombin formation and coagulation activation, as assessed by determination of thrombin-antithrombin circulating complexes (T-AT) at the same time. Our results show a marked increase in FVIIc in all patients, with highest significant levels in complicated AMI. In fact, this increase was also different between groups, complicated AMI showing a significant degree of increase in FVIIc in relation to UA and uncomplicated AMI. FVIIag did not vary between groups and controls, implicating a progressive activation of FVII. As expected, we found comparable levels of T-AT in UA and in AMI patients, suggesting that a common thrombotic process is involved in both situations. FVIIc was strongly correlated to T-AT in all patients (r = 0. 750; p less than 0.001) and also within groups. This study underlines the important positive contribution of FVIIc to IHD and to the prognosis of its thrombotic acute events, and shows that the increase in FVII activity is associated with an increase of a thrombotic marker (thrombin-antithrombin). Further studies are needed to evaluate if FVII activation is the cause or the consequence of the thrombotic processes.
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Gralnick HR, Wilson OJ. Cold-promoted activation of factor VII and shortening of the prothrombin time. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 1987; 214:113-29. [PMID: 3310534 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4757-5985-3_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- H R Gralnick
- Clinical Pathology Department, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
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Colman RW, Schmaier AH. The contact activation system: biochemistry and interactions of these surface-mediated defense reactions. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 1986; 5:57-85. [PMID: 3633772 DOI: 10.1016/s1040-8428(86)80053-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This review is intended to be a critical state-of-the-art overview of the activation and inhibition of the proteins (factor XII, prekallikrein, high molecular weight kininogen, and factor XI) of the contact phase of coagulation. Specifically, this review will reconsider the concept of the reciprocal activation of the proteases of the contact phase of coagulation, factor XII, and prekallikrein, in light of much recent evidence indicating that factor XII, itself, autoactivates when associated with negatively charged surfaces. In addition, the mechanisms for amplification of activation of the proteins of the contact phase of coagulation will be discussed from the pivotal role of high molecular weight kininogen, or one of its altered forms, serving as a cofactor to order the activation of the zymogens it is associated with. The role and relative importance of each of the naturally occurring plasma protease inhibitors (C1-inhibitor, alpha-2-macroglobulin, alpha-1-antitrypsin, antithrombin III, and alpha-1-antiplasmin) will be assessed as they relate to the dampening of contact phase activation. Finally, the contact phase of coagulation activation will be discussed not only as a plasma proteolytic mechanism, but also as it interacts with platelets.
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Colman RW. Surface-mediated defense reactions. The plasma contact activation system. J Clin Invest 1984; 73:1249-53. [PMID: 6371055 PMCID: PMC425145 DOI: 10.1172/jci111326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
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22
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Wiggins RC, Loskutoff DJ, Cochrane CG, Griffin JH, Edgington TS. Activation of rabbit Hageman factor by homogenates of cultured rabbit endothelial cells. J Clin Invest 1980; 65:197-206. [PMID: 6444222 PMCID: PMC371355 DOI: 10.1172/jci109651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Rabbit Hageman factor was proteolytically cleaved and activated by a homogenate prepared from cultured rabbit endothelial cells. Cleavage of radiolabeled Hageman factor was monitored by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate. Endothelial cell-mediated cleavage of Hageman factor was demonstrated both in a purified system and in plasma, was time and concentration dependent, and was associated with formation of the characteristic 28,000 M(r) form of active Hageman factor. The rate of cleavage of Hageman factor was not affected by Triton X-100 (Rohm and Haas, Co., Philadelphia, Pa.), hexadimethrine bromide (Polybrene, Aldrich Chemical Co., Inc., Milwaukee, Wis.), hirudin, soybean trypsin inhibitor, or antisera to plasminogen or prekallikrein. However, cleavage was enhanced by kaolin, and was inhibited by diisopropyl-fluorophosphate. The enzyme responsible for cleavage of Hageman factor was localized to the 100,000-g-sedimentable, subcellular fraction of the endothelial cell homogenate and was relatively specific, because neither radiolabeled rabbit Factor XI nor rabbit prekallikrein were themselves proteolytically cleaved by the endothelial cell homogenate. However, when these molecules were incubated with the homogenate in the presence of Hageman factor, both Factor XI and prekallikrein were cleaved, demonstrating that Hageman factor had been activated by the endothelial cell homogenate. Furthermore, the kallikrein generated by endothelial cell homogenate-activated Hageman factor was capable of liberating kinin from high molecular weight kininogen as measured by bioassay. Cultured rabbit endothelial cells, therefore, possess the capacity to activate Hageman factor by proteolysis. This may be one mechanism for Hageman factor activation in vivo.
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Seligsohn U, Osterud B, Brown SF, Griffin JH, Rapaport SI. Activation of human factor VII in plasma and in purified systems: roles of activated factor IX, kallikrein, and activated factor XII. J Clin Invest 1979; 64:1056-65. [PMID: 479368 PMCID: PMC372216 DOI: 10.1172/jci109543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Factor VII can be activated, to a molecule giving shorter clotting times with tissue factor, by incubating plasma with kaolin or by clotting plasma. The mechanisms of activation differ. With kaolin, activated Factor XII (XII(a)) was the apparent principal activator. Thus, Factor VII was not activated in Factor XII-deficient plasma, was partially activated in prekallikrein and high-molecular weight kininogen (HMW kininogen)-deficient plasmas, but was activated in other deficient plasmas. After clotting, activated Factor IX (IX(a)) was the apparent principal activator. Thus, Factor VII was not activated in Factor XII-,HMW kininogen-, XI-, and IX-deficient plasmas, but was activated in Factor VIII-, X-, and V-deficient plasmas. In further studies, purified small-fragment Factor XII(a) (beta-XII(a)), kallikrein, and Factor IX(a) were added to partially purified Factor VII and to plasma. High concentrations of beta-XII(a) activated Factor VII in a purified system; much lower concentrations of beta-XII(a) activated Factor VII in normal plasma but not in prekallikrein or HWM kininogen-deficient plasmas. Kallikrein alone failed to activate partially purified Factor VII but did so when purified Factor IX was added. Kallikrein also activated Factor VII in normal, Factor XII-, and Factor IX-deficient plasmas. Purified Factor IX(a) activated partially purified Factor VII and had no additional indirect activating effect in the presence of plasma. These results demonstrate that both Factor XII(a) and Factor IX(a) directly activate human Factor VII, whereas kallikrein, through generation of Factor XII(a) and Factor IX(a), functions as an indirect activator of Factor VII.
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Laake K, Osterud B. Activation of purified plasma factor VII by human plasmin, plasma kallikrein, and activated components of the human intrinsic blood coagulation system. Thromb Res 1974; 5:759-72. [PMID: 4280635 DOI: 10.1016/0049-3848(74)90119-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Purification and some characteristics of factor VII in human citrated plasma, glass-activated serum, and cold-activated plasma. Thromb Res 1974. [DOI: 10.1016/0049-3848(74)90010-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Owren PA, Stormorken H. The mechanism of blood coagulation. ERGEBNISSE DER PHYSIOLOGIE, BIOLOGISCHEN CHEMIE UND EXPERIMENTELLEN PHARMAKOLOGIE 1973; 68:1-53. [PMID: 4593726 DOI: 10.1007/3-540-06238-6_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Matthews DB, Reger SI CATLIN A. The effect of materials on the later stages of the in vitro clotting of human plasma in relation to the development of vascular prostheses. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS RESEARCH 1968; 2:337-55. [PMID: 5708016 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.820020305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Lerner R, Margolin M, Slate WG, Rosenfeld H. Heparin in the treatment of hypofibrinogenemia complicating fetal death in utero. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1967; 97:373-8. [PMID: 6016499 DOI: 10.1016/0002-9378(67)90501-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Roberts JF, Coffee G, Creel SM, Gaal A, Githens JH, Rao AR, Sundara Babu BV, Kempe CH. Haemorrhagic smallpox. I. Preliminary haematological studies. Bull World Health Organ 1965; 33:607-13. [PMID: 5295141 PMCID: PMC2475867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
In an investigation of specific haematological defects that might account for the haemorrhagic diathesis in certain smallpox patients, 93 patients with haemorrhagic and non-haemorrhagic forms of the disease were subjected to a variety of bleeding and coagulation studies. The findings indicate that smallpox patients with no clinical evidence of haemorrhage have no significant clotting defects although many have decreased platelets and clot retraction abnormality. Patients with the late haemorrhagic form of smallpox consistently show thrombocytopenia and associated abnormalities in the bleeding time, tourniquet test and clot retraction; some also have slightly depressed specific prothrombin activity.Patients with the severe, and uniformly fatal, early haemorrhagic form have severe thrombocytopenia, a marked decrease in specific prothrombin activity and prolongation of the prothrombin complex times. They also have a marked prolongation of the thrombin time, suggesting the presence of a circulating antithrombin.Both early and late haemorrhagic smallpox patients also have a marked abnormality of prothrombin consumption, indicating impaired plasma thromboplastin production. This finding could be explained by the thrombocytopenia present in all haemorrhagic cases.
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RAPAPORT SI, TATTER D, COEUR-BARRON N, HJORT PF. PSEUDOMONAS SEPTICEMIA WITH INTRAVASCULAR CLOTTING LEADING TO THE GENERALIZED SHWARTZMAN REACTION. N Engl J Med 1964; 271:80-4. [PMID: 14149259 DOI: 10.1056/nejm196407092710206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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RAPAPORT SI, AMES SB. Relation between levels of plasma thromboplastin component (PTC) and prothrombin times by the P&P and Quick methods in patients receiving warfarin. N Engl J Med 1962; 267:125-30. [PMID: 14490345 DOI: 10.1056/nejm196207192670303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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EGEBERG O. Assay of antihemophilic A, B and C factors by one-stage cephalin systems. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation 1961; 13:140-52. [PMID: 13725896 DOI: 10.3109/00365516109137263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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ISRAELS LG, FOERSTER J, ZIPURSKY A. A Naturally Occurring Inhibitor of the First Stagc of Blood Coagulation. Br J Haematol 1960; 6:275-80. [PMID: 13718073 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.1960.tb06243.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Soulier JP, Prou-Wartelle O. New Data on Hageman Factor and Plasma Thromboplastin Antecedent: The Role of ‘Contact’ in the Initial Phase of Blood Coagulation. Br J Haematol 1960. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.1960.tb06220.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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FLUTE PT, HOWARD AN. Blood Coagulation in Scorbutic Guinea-Pigs: A Defect in Activation by Glass Contact. Br J Haematol 1959; 5:421-30. [PMID: 13823615 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.1959.tb04052.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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RAPAPORT SI, CHAPMAN CG. Coexistent hypercoagulability and acute hypofibrinogenemia in a patient with prostatic carcinoma. Am J Med 1959; 27:144-53. [PMID: 13661196 DOI: 10.1016/0002-9343(59)90069-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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STORMORKEN H. Species differences of clotting factors in ox, dog, horse, and man: thromboplastin and proconvertin. ACTA PHYSIOLOGICA SCANDINAVICA 1957; 41:301-24. [PMID: 13497778 DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-1716.1957.tb01530.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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SCHACHTER M. A delayed slow contracting effect of serum and plasma due to the release of a substance resembling kallidin and bradykinin. BRITISH JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY AND CHEMOTHERAPY 1956; 11:111-8. [PMID: 13329324 PMCID: PMC1509590 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.1956.tb01038.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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