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Ovary removal modifies liver message RNA profiles in single Comb White Leghorn chickens. Poult Sci 2020; 99:1813-1821. [PMID: 32241461 PMCID: PMC7587799 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2019.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovaries produce sex hormones, and ovariectomized animals are often used as models for ovarian dysfunction. The liver is a vital organ involved in metabolism and immunity. In the present study, we conducted experiments to investigate the effects of ovariectomy on transcription and metabolic processes in the liver in chicken. Eight Single Comb White Leghorn (SCWL) female chickens were ovariectomized at 17 wk of age, and 8 intact SCWL females served as controls. At 100 wk of age, all chickens were euthanized. High-throughput transcriptome sequencing was performed on liver RNA obtained from ovariectomized and intact females. A total of 267 differentially expressed genes (DEG) were identified in our study. After analysis using DAVID functional annotation tool, one significant Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway, the phosphatidylinositol signaling pathway, was clustered. Gene Ontology enrichment analysis yielded 46 significant Gene Ontology terms. Among terms describing biological processes, the glycerolipid metabolic and lipid localization processes were dominant. The anabolic genes, PEPCK and GK5, and the catabolic genes, VTG1; VTG2; PLD5; DGKQ; DGKE; and FABP3, were detected in ovariectomized chickens. Differentially expressed genes such as ENSGALG00000000162, IL-1Β, SVOPL, and CA12 implied that livers in ovariectomized chickens were subjected to strong inflammatory reactions, whereas defenses against endogenous materials were compromised. A comprehensive view of gene expression in the liver of ovariectomized chickens would advance our understanding of lipid metabolism, glycometabolism, and their relationships to pathologies induced by absence of the ovary. The identified DEG indicated that ovariectomy disturbed lipid metabolism in the liver and was accompanied by an increase in hepatic gluconeogenesis and reductions in phosphatidic acid synthesis and lipid carrier capacity.
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Jurášek M, Rimpelová S, Pavlíčková V, Ruml T, Lapčík O, Drašar PB. Synthesis and biological evaluation of nandrolone-bodipy conjugates. Steroids 2015; 97:62-6. [PMID: 25448362 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2014.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2014] [Revised: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Here, we report synthesis and biological evaluation of fluorescent nandrolone-3-carboxymethyloxime derivatives conjugated with green-emitting bodipy dye via PEG linkers. All the newly-synthesized compounds were evaluated for their effect on cell proliferation in vitro in MCF-7, LNCaP, PC-3 and HEK 293T model cell lines using WST-1 assay. By means of live-cell fluorescence microscopy, the intracellular localization of nandrolone-bodipy conjugates was revealed in endoplasmic reticulum. Moreover, we performed competitive localization study with nonfluorescent nandrolone, metandrolone, boldenone, trenbolone, and testosterone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Jurášek
- Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, Institute of Chemical Technology in Prague, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Silvie Rimpelová
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Institute of Chemical Technology in Prague, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimíra Pavlíčková
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Institute of Chemical Technology in Prague, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Ruml
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Institute of Chemical Technology in Prague, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Oldřich Lapčík
- Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, Institute of Chemical Technology in Prague, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel B Drašar
- Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, Institute of Chemical Technology in Prague, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic.
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Popat VB, Calis KA, Kalantaridou SN, Vanderhoof VH, Koziol D, Troendle JF, Reynolds JC, Nelson LM. Bone mineral density in young women with primary ovarian insufficiency: results of a three-year randomized controlled trial of physiological transdermal estradiol and testosterone replacement. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2014; 99:3418-26. [PMID: 24905063 PMCID: PMC4154086 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2013-4145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Women with primary ovarian insufficiency have significantly lower serum estradiol and T levels compared with regularly menstruating women. They also have significantly reduced bone mineral density (BMD). OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of hormone replacement in maintaining BMD in these young women. DESIGN AND SETTING This was a randomized, double-blind, single-center, placebo-controlled clinical trial at the National Institutes of Health clinical center (Bethesda, Maryland). PARTICIPANTS Young women with primary ovarian insufficiency participated in the study. INTERVENTIONS We compared the effect of estradiol and progestin replacement (n = 72) vs estradiol, progestin, and T replacement (n = 73) on BMD. We also compared findings with a contemporaneous control group of normal women (n = 70). All patients received transdermal estradiol (100 μg/d) plus oral medroxyprogesterone acetate 10 mg/d (12 d/mo) for a 3-month run-in period before being randomized in a double-blinded fashion to the addition of transdermal T (150 μg/d) or placebo. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Change in BMD at the femoral neck was measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. RESULTS At screening, patients had significantly lower femoral neck BMD compared with control women (0.77 vs 0.81 g/cm(2), P = .001) and did not differ in body mass index, age at menarche, or education level. Normal control women lost femoral neck BMD over the study period, whereas patients on estradiol and progestin therapy gained BMD; and at the end of the study period, femoral neck BMD of patients on estradiol and progestin therapy did not differ from that of control women (0.80 g/cm(2) in both groups, P = .9). The addition of T showed no further benefit (percentage change in BMD 3.9 vs 2.4, respectively, P = .9). Nonetheless, using a repeated-measures model, the T group achieved a mean BMD in the femoral neck 0.015 g/cm(2) higher than the placebo group at 3 years (95% confidence interval -0.005 to 0.034, P = .13). Similar findings were observed in the lumbar spine BMD as well. CONCLUSION Long-term physiological transdermal estradiol replacement in combination with oral medroxyprogesterone acetate restores mean femoral neck BMD to normal in young women with spontaneous 46,XX primary ovarian insufficiency. However, the addition of physiological transdermal T replacement did not provide additional benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaishali B Popat
- Intramural Research Program in Reproductive and Adult Endocrinology (V.B.P., S.N.K., V.H.V., L.M.N.) and Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics (K.A.C.), Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, and Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology Service (D.K.) and Division of Nuclear Medicine (J.C.R.), Warren G. Magnuson Clinical Center, Bethesda, Maryland 20892; and Office of Biostatistics Research (J.F.T.), Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
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Janse F, Tanahatoe S, Eijkemans M, Fauser B. Testosterone concentrations, using different assays, in different types of ovarian insufficiency: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Hum Reprod Update 2012; 18:405-19. [DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dms013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
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Chavez C, Gogos A, Hill R, Van Sinderen M, Simpson E, Boon WC, van den Buuse M. Differential effect of amphetamine on c-fos expression in female aromatase knockout (ArKO) mice compared to wildtype controls. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2011; 36:761-8. [PMID: 21093158 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2010.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2010] [Revised: 10/22/2010] [Accepted: 10/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen may be involved in psychosis by an interaction with central dopaminergic activity. Aromatase knockout mice are unable to produce estrogen and have been shown to display altered behavioural responses and effects of the dopamine releaser, amphetamine. This study investigates the effect of gonadal status on amphetamine-induced c-fos expression in the brains of female aromatase knockout and wildtype mice. Six groups of mice were treated intraperitoneally with saline or 5mg/kg amphetamine. Fos immunoreactivity was assessed in the cingulate cortex, caudate putamen and nucleus accumbens. Aromatase knockout mice showed markedly reduced amphetamine-induced Fos immunoreactivity compared to wildtype mice. However, the amphetamine response was restored in aromatase-knockout mice after ovariectomy, which reduced this effect in wildtype controls. Estrogen supplementation reversed the effect of ovariectomy in wildtype mice but had no additional significant effect in aromatase-knockout mice. These results indicate that mechanisms involved in amphetamine-induced c-fos expression are altered in aromatase knockout mice and that the primary hormone involved in this effect is not estrogen, but may be another factor released from the ovaries, such as an androgen. These results provide new insight into the effect of gonadal hormones on amphetamine induced c-fos expression in this mouse model of estrogen deficiency. These results could be important for our understanding of the role of sex steroid hormones in psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Chavez
- Behavioural Neuroscience Laboratory, Mental Health Research Institute of Victoria, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia
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Alarslan D, Sarandol A, Cengiz C, Develioglu OH. Androgens and sexual dysfunction in naturally and surgically menopausal women. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2011; 37:1027-34. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1447-0756.2010.01479.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Wide distribution of the serum dehydroepiandrosterone and sex steroid levels in postmenopausal women. Menopause 2011; 18:30-43. [DOI: 10.1097/gme.0b013e3181e195a6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Abstract
CONTEXT Several studies previously reported that the postmenopausal ovary produces androgens. However, these findings have recently been questioned in a group of women with adrenal insufficiency. OBJECTIVE We sought to use contemporary assay methodologies to investigate whether the postmenopausal ovary is hormonally active and contributes to the circulating pool of androgens. DESIGN AND PATIENTS Serum was collected from the ovarian veins of 13 postmenopausal women undergoing total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral oophorectomy, with sufficient quantities obtained to allow for measurement of several hormones. Serum was also analyzed from peripheral blood collected preoperatively, intraoperatively, and postoperatively. SETTING The study took place at the Los Angeles County Women's and Children's Hospital, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Testosterone (T), androstenedione (A), dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), estrone (E1), and estradiol (E2) were measured by RIA with preceding organic solvent extraction and Celite column chromatography. RESULTS Statistically significant gradients were seen between the ovarian venous and peripheral samples for T, A, DHEA, E1, and E2. Postoperative levels of T and E1, but not A, DHEA, or E2, were statistically significantly lower than preoperative levels. A gradient for T between the ovarian venous and peripheral blood was present in four of five women who were menopausal for more than 10 yr. CONCLUSIONS The postmenopausal ovary is hormonally active, contributing significantly to the circulating pool of T. Furthermore, this contribution appears to persist in women as long as 10 yr beyond the menopause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin H Fogle
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
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Mazer NA, Shifren JL. Transdermal testosterone for women: a new physiological approach for androgen therapy. Obstet Gynecol Surv 2003; 58:489-500. [PMID: 12832941 DOI: 10.1097/01.ogx.0000078485.98636.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Transdermal testosterone patches and topically applied gels have become well accepted for the treatment of testosterone deficiency in men and are currently being developed in appropriate dosage strengths for androgen therapy in women. The furthest developed among these products is an investigational testosterone matrix patch which is now in phase III clinical trials for the treatment of sexual dysfunction in oophorectomized and naturally menopausal women. This review article discusses the biopharmaceutical rationale for the transdermal delivery of testosterone to women, illustrates and quantitatively analyzes the pharmacokinetics and metabolism of the testosterone matrix patch and a recently investigated testosterone gel, and summarizes the efficacy and safety data that have been reported in phase II studies of the testosterone matrix patch in surgically menopausal women with sexual dysfunction and HIV-infected women with the AIDS wasting syndrome. The different effects of oral and transdermal estrogen therapy (ET) on the concentrations of total and free testosterone attained with the testosterone matrix patch are contrasted. Although still in development, transdermal testosterone therapy appears to be a promising new approach for providing physiologically based androgen therapy to women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norman A Mazer
- Department of Medical Affairs, Watson Laboratories, Inc., 417 Wakara Way, Suite 100, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA
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Ikegawa S, Isriyanthi NM, Nagata M, Yahata K, Ito H, Mano N, Goto J. The enantioselective immunoaffinity extraction of an optically active ibuprofen-modified peptide fragment. Anal Biochem 2001; 296:63-72. [PMID: 11520033 DOI: 10.1006/abio.2001.5198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Acyl glucuronides are known to produce the covalently bound protein adducts which may be the cause of hypersensitivity and toxic responses to acidic drugs. The structural analysis of the drug-protein adducts is therefore needed. From this point of view, we developed an enantioselective immunoaffinity extraction method, which employs an immobilized antibody to specifically isolate peptide fragments that have been modified with optically active ibuprofen. Rabbits were immunized with (S)-ibuprofen coupled to bovine serum albumin through a beta-alanine group. The elicited antibody strongly recognizes the asymmetric center and the isobutylphenyl moiety of (S)-ibuprofen and its conjugates but has a low affinity for their anti podes. A 0.5-mL aliquot of the immunosorbent (11.5 mg of IgG/mL gel) prepared by immobilization of the antibody was capable of retaining up to 1 microg of (S)-ibuprofen. When a mixture of substance P with (R)- and (S)-ibuprofen-modified substance P was loaded on the immunosorbent, the (S)-ibuprofen-modified substance P was selectively retained. The modified peptide was quantitatively recovered by elution with 10 mM ammonium acetate buffer (pH 5.0)/methanol (5:95, v/v). The proposed method would be useful for the structural characterization of optically active ibuprofen-modified human serum albumin.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ikegawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Aobayama, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
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de Jong D, Macklon NS, Eijkemans MJ, Mannaerts BM, Coelingh Bennink HJ, Fauser BC. Dynamics of the development of multiple follicles during ovarian stimulation for in vitro fertilization using recombinant follicle-stimulating hormone (Puregon) and various doses of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist ganirelix (Orgalutran/Antagon). Fertil Steril 2001; 75:688-93. [PMID: 11287020 DOI: 10.1016/s0015-0282(00)01789-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate relations between dose of GnRH antagonist and follicular phase characteristics. DESIGN Randomized controlled multicenter trial. SETTING Tertiary referral fertility centers. PATIENT(S) Three hundred and twenty-nine IVF patients. INTERVENTION(S) Ovarian stimulation for IVF with recombinant FSH starting on cycle day 2. From cycle day 7 onwards, cotreatment was provided with 0.0625, 0.125, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, or 2.0 mg/d GnRH antagonist. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Number of follicles, total follicular surface area, gonadotropin, and serum steroid concentrations. RESULT(S) In 311 patients, similar follicular growth was observed in all treatment groups. FSH levels increased during the follicular phase. Late follicular phase LH, androstenedione (AD), and E(2) levels showed a GnRH antagonist dose-related decrease (P<0.05). Late follicular phase E(2) levels correlated with total follicular surface area, AD, LH, and FSH (all P<0.001). Increasing GnRH antagonist doses exhibited additional suppressive action on E(2) levels. CONCLUSION(S) Follicular growth was unaffected by the dose of GnRH antagonist. A rise in follicular phase FSH serum concentrations during the follicular phase, largely related to exogenous FSH, enabled ongoing follicular growth in all treatment groups. The effect of GnRH antagonist on late follicular phase E(2) levels could not be exclusively attributed to suppression of LH.
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Affiliation(s)
- D de Jong
- Division of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the hypothesis that the climacteric ovary is a functional endocrine gland. DESIGN Review of the English-speaking literature as it relates to the physiology and pathophysiology of the climacteric ovary. RESULTS By several accounts, the climacteric ovary appears to be a gonadotropin-dependent androgen-producing gland. Although the estrogen-producing potential of the climacteric ovary remains a matter of controversy, most studies would suggest limited aromatase activity. CONCLUSIONS [1] The climacteric ovary is not a defunct endocrine organ. [2] The climacteric ovary is a site of gonadotropin reception and action. [3] The climacteric ovary contributes few if any estrogens to the circulating pool by way of direct production. [4] Circulating estrogens are derived virtually exclusively from the extraglandular conversion of androgens, a proportion of which are of ovarian origin. [5] The climacteric ovary contributes 40% and 20% of the total production rates of T and androstenedione, respectively. [6] Androgen biosynthesis by the climacteric ovary is partially gonadotropin-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Y Adashi
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore
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Morley JE, Gorbien MJ, Mooradian AD, Silver AJ, Brickman AS, Kaiser FE. UCLA geriatric grand rounds: osteoporosis. J Am Geriatr Soc 1988; 36:845-59. [PMID: 3411070 DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.1988.tb04271.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J E Morley
- GRECC, VA Medical Center, Sepulveda, CA 91343
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Gavaler JS. Effects of moderate consumption of alcoholic beverages on endocrine function in postmenopausal women. Bases for hypotheses. RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN ALCOHOLISM : AN OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL SOCIETY ON ALCOHOLISM, THE RESEARCH SOCIETY ON ALCOHOLISM, AND THE NATIONAL COUNCIL ON ALCOHOLISM 1988; 6:229-51. [PMID: 3283855 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4615-7718-8_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
That alcoholic beverage consumption has not yet received attention as a variable that might influence the estrogenization of postmenopausal women is discussed within the context of the growing proportion of postmenopausal women in the population, their disease risk vis-à-vis estrogenization, and survey findings that report that the majority of postmenopausal women use alcoholic beverages to at least some degree. The available literature is reviewed concerning the effects of acute or chronic ethanol administration, alcoholic beverage consumption, or the administration of phytoestrogen-containing congeners of bourbon on the endocrine status of postmenopausal women or relevant animal models. The basic components of postmenopausal endocrine function and the factors known to affect endocrine status are presented. The importance of incorporating known endocrine-modulating factors into the design of future studies so as to maximize the detection of alcohol effects in postmenopausal women is emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Gavaler
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pennsylvania 15261
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Johnson DW, McEvoy M, Seamark RF, Cox LW, Phillipou G. Deuterium labelled steroid hormones: tracers for the measurement of androgen plasma clearance rates in women. JOURNAL OF STEROID BIOCHEMISTRY 1985; 22:349-53. [PMID: 4039394 DOI: 10.1016/0022-4731(85)90437-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A method employing stable isotope-labelled tracers and gas chromatograph-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis has been used to measure the plasma clearance rates (PCR's) of androstenedione (A) and testosterone (T) in normal women and women with androgen abnormalities including hirsutism and polycystic ovary syndrome. A solution of deuterium-labelled A and T is infused at a constant rate and blood samples taken at 2 and 2.25 h. Solvent extracts of the derived plasma samples, to which an internal standard has been added, are derivatized with pentafluoropropionic anhydride and the endogenous steroid and deuterated steroid are quantitated after an injection of the derivatization mixture into a capillary column GC-MS. The concentration of the deuterated steroid in the infusion mixture is measured and the PCR is calculated. In premenopausal normal women the PCRA is 1950 +/- 184 1/24 h (n = 5) and the PCRT is 484 +/- 82 1/24 h (n = 7).
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Scirpa P, Mango D, Montemurro A, Battaglia F, Cantafio L. Androstenedione, 17 beta-estradiol and progesterone plasma levels in gonadotropins induction of ovulation. J Endocrinol Invest 1984; 7:357-62. [PMID: 6438220 DOI: 10.1007/bf03351016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
A comparison of peripheral patterns of androstenedione (A), 17 beta-estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P) is reported in ten infertile women during HMG-HCG induction of ovulation, in order to assess the site of ovarian secretion of plasma A and the possible influence on conception. Evidence for both the follicular and luteal secretion of plasma A is suggested, in addition to the stromal and adrenal contributions, since a highly significant (p less than 0.001) correlation between A and E2 plasma levels was shown during the treatment. In three cycles of conception, plasma A showed a periovulatory peak and drop, followed by a luteal increase, all of which are characteristic of E2.
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Sherman BM, Wallace RB, Korenman SG. Corpus luteum dysfunction and the epidemiology of breast cancer: a reconsideration. Breast Cancer Res Treat 1981; 1:287-96. [PMID: 6816318 DOI: 10.1007/bf01806745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Crilly RG, Francis RM, Nordin BE. Steroid hormones, ageing and bone. CLINICS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM 1981; 10:115-39. [PMID: 6452976 DOI: 10.1016/s0300-595x(81)80041-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Abstract
Using the constant infusion technique we have measured the metabolic clearance rates (MCR) for delta 4-androstenedione (A), testosterone (T), oestrone (E1) and oestradiol (E2) in a large group of post-menopausal women. Their mean +/- SE age was 64.5 +/- 1.6 yr, their ages ranged from 46-90 yr. When the MCRs for each steroid were related to age by linear regression analysis no significant correlation was found for any of the steroids. Similarly, when the women were grouped according to their age by decade, the mean MCR for each steroid showed no trend with increasing age. There was no difference in the MCRs for A, T and E1 of the post-menopausal women and a large group of pre-menopausal women. However, there was a significant decrease in the mean MCR for E2 between the two groups which is probably related to the marked decrease in circulating E2 in post-menopausal women. We conclude that for these steroids age, per se, does not appear to be a major determinant of the MCR.
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Crilly RG, Marshall DH, Nordin BE. Effect of age on plasma androstenedione concentration in oophorectomized women. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 1979; 10:199-201. [PMID: 428117 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2265.1979.tb01367.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Plasma androstenedione concentration was measured in 92 oophorectomized women in the age range 33 to 76 years. Although this concentration was significantly inversely correlated with age, the data suggest a discrete change in the first half of the sixth decade rather than a continuous fall.
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Adami HO, Johansson ED, Vegelius J, Victor A. Serum concentrations of estrone, androstenedione, testosterone and sex-hormone-binding globulin in postmenopausal women with breast cancer and in age-matched controls. Ups J Med Sci 1979; 84:259-74. [PMID: 575585 DOI: 10.3109/03009737909179163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The concentrations of estrone (E1), androstenedione (A), testosterone (T) and sex-hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) in the serum were determined in 122 postmenopausal women, unselected with respect to age and stage of disease and with a newly diagnosed breast cancer. The results were compared with those in 122 age-matched women without breast cancer, selected from the population register. The patients were found to have a significantly higher mean level than the controls of E1 (132 and 108 pmol/l), A (2.5 and 1.6 nmol/l) and T (1.54 and 1.38 nmol/l) and a lower level of SHBG (40.2 and 47.3 nmol/l) in the serum. A multiple regression analysis revealed in the control group that the serum level of E1 was significantly correlated to A (r = 0.48, p less than 0.001) and T (r = 0.45, p less than 0.001). In the patient group E1 was only slightly correlated to T (r = 0.25, p less than 0.01) and not to A (r = 0.10, p greater than 0.05). A significant negative correlation was found between SHBG and weight in both groups. Otherwise no significant correlations were found between any of the hormone levels and age, stage of disease of weight. It was concluded that an increased availability of A and T, leading to an increased androgenic stimulation--and therefore decreased SHBG--and an increased E1 level, is the most reasonable explanation for the findings. The lack of correlation between E1 and A in the patient group is however difficult to explain and the results do not seem to fit into a definite hypothesis.
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Marshall DH, Crilly R, Nordin BE. The relation between plasma androstenedione and oestrone levels in untreated and corticosteroid-treated post-menopausal women. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 1978; 9:407-12. [PMID: 719911 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2265.1978.tb03580.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Plasma oestrone (E1) and androstenedione (A) were measured in 96 untreated and 18 corticosteroid-treated post-menopausal women. Levels of both hormones were consistently lower in the steroid-treated cases, presumably due to suppression of ACTH secretion. There was a clear relationship between A and E1 levels in both groups and when the data were pooled they formed a continuous series with a curvilinear relationship going through the origin. This relationship could be described by an equation based on Michaelis-Menten kinetics, suggesting that the rate of A to E1 conversion is an inverse function of the plasma androstenedione level. The main determinant of plasma E1 was plasma A; body weight and age were of subsidiary importance. Secondary oestrogen deficiency may be a factor in the genesis of steroid-induced osteoporosis in post-menopausal women and oestrogen therapy may be indicated in this group of patients.
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Longcope C, Pratt JH, Schneider SH, Fineberg SE. The in vivo metabolism of androgens by muscle and adipose tissue of normal men. Steroids 1976; 28:521-33. [PMID: 1006722 DOI: 10.1016/0039-128x(76)90021-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Androstenedione and testosterone labeled with 3H and 14C were fused simultaneously at constant rates into the brachial arm vein of 10 normal men. During the infusions blood samples were obtained from the brachial artery, a deep vein draining primarily muscle and a superficial vein draining primarily adipose tissue of the arm contra-lateral to the infusion. In the 10 men the mean +/- SE value for the fractional metabolism of adrostenedione by muscle is 0.20 +/- 0.30 which is not different from the mean value for the fractional metabolism by androstenedione by adipose tissue, 0.29 +/- 0.04. The mean value for the metabolism of testosterone by muscle, 0.04 +/- *.01, is significantly less than the metabolism by adipose tissue, *.11 +/- 0.01. Interconversion between adrostenedione and testosterone occurs in both tissues. The mean value for pA,T A,M is 0.024 + 0.005 and for pA,T A,AT is 0.024 +/- 0.005. The mean value for pT,A A,M is 0.005 +/- 0.003 and for pT,A A,AT is 0.008 +/- 0.003. The fractional metabolism of these androgens by these tissues is similar to the fractional metabolism of estrone and estradiol by these same tissues. Muscle appears to contribute about 5-12% of the overall metabolism of androstenedione and testosterone and 10-15% to theoverall conversion of androstenedione to testosterone. Adipose tissue contributes about 2-7% of the overall metabolism of these androgens and 5-10% of the overall conversion of androstenedione to testosterone, but less than 2% to the overall conversion of testosterone to androstenedione. In normal men, muscle appears to be more important to the metabolism of androstenedione and testosterone than is adipose tissue.
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Abstract
Sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) capacity was reduced in 9 of 31 patients with polycystic ovarian (PCO) disease and the mean level in PCO patients was significantly less (p less than 0.001) than normal. Serum testosterone levels were elevated in 21 of 32 PCO patients and the mean level was significantly elevated (p less than 0.001). Serum androstenedione values were raised in 17 of 31 patients and the mean value was also significantly raised (p less than 0.001). Serum dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHAS) concentrations were elevated in only 2 of 14 patients. Urinary 17-oxo and 17-oxogenic steroids were normal in all patients studied. Basal follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) levels were normal but LH release following injection of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) was enhanced. A highly significant negative correlation (r=--0.449; p less than 0.01) was found between the logarithm of testosterone and the logarithm of LH levels. Serum prolactin concentrations were elevated in 4 of 21 PCO patients. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) values were normal. Eighteen of 20 patients ovulated following treatment with clomiphene and nine became pregnant. Five of 12 of patients treated with oestrogen/progesterone preparations noticed an improvement in their hirsutism. It is suggested that the normal cyclical release of LH is inhibited in PCO disease by a negative feedback by androgens to the hypothalamus or the pituitary, and that wedge resection should be reserved for patients in whom other forms of treatment have failed.
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Abstract
Utilizing RIA methods, T, DHT, delta 4, and DHEA levels were determined daily during a complete cycle in 15 normal young women with apparently normal ovulatory cycles. T, DHT, and delta 4 levels showed statistically significant cyclical variations, with highest values in the periovulatory period and lowest values in early follicular and late luteal phase. DHEA levels showed random variations during the cycle. The failure to detect these variations by some authors may be related to the relatively large interindividual variation in plasma levels.
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Ribeiro WO, Mishell DR, Thorneycroft IH. Comparison of the patterns of androstenedione, progesterone, and estradiol during the human menstrual cycle. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1974; 119:1026-32. [PMID: 4847439 DOI: 10.1016/0002-9378(74)90253-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Sherman BM, Korenman SG. Inadequate corpus luteum function: a pathophysiological interpretation of human breast cancer epidemiology. Cancer 1974; 33:1306-12. [PMID: 4823480 DOI: 10.1002/1097-0142(197405)33:5<1306::aid-cncr2820330515>3.0.co;2-#] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Judd HL, Lucas WE, Yen SS. Effect of oophorectomy on circulating testosterone and androstenedione levels in patients with endometrial cancer. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1974; 118:793-8. [PMID: 4815860 DOI: 10.1016/0002-9378(74)90490-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Lobotsky J, Lloyd CW. Variations in the concentrations of androstenedione in peripheral plasma of women the day and during the menstrual cycle. Steroids 1973; 22:133-7. [PMID: 4724939 DOI: 10.1016/0039-128x(73)90078-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Longcope C. Metabolic clearance and blood production rates of estrogens in postmenopausal women. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1971; 111:778-81. [PMID: 5171425 DOI: 10.1016/0002-9378(71)90488-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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