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Vachalova V, Karahoda R, Ottaviani M, Anandam KY, Abad C, Albrecht C, Staud F. Functional reorganization of monoamine transport systems during villous trophoblast differentiation: evidence of distinct differences between primary human trophoblasts and BeWo cells. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2022; 20:112. [PMID: 35927731 PMCID: PMC9351077 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-022-00981-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Three primary monoamines-serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine-play major roles in the placenta-fetal brain axis. Analogously to the brain, the placenta has transport mechanisms that actively take up these monoamines into trophoblast cells. These transporters are known to play important roles in the differentiated syncytiotrophoblast layer, but their status and activities in the undifferentiated, progenitor cytotrophoblast cells are not well understood. Thus, we have explored the cellular handling and regulation of monoamine transporters during the phenotypic transitioning of cytotrophoblasts along the villous pathway. METHODS Experiments were conducted with two cellular models of syncytium development: primary trophoblast cells isolated from the human term placenta (PHT), and the choriocarcinoma-derived BeWo cell line. The gene and protein expression of membrane transporters for serotonin (SERT), norepinephrine (NET), dopamine (DAT), and organic cation transporter 3 (OCT3) was determined by quantitative PCR and Western blot analysis, respectively. Subsequently, the effect of trophoblast differentiation on transporter activity was analyzed by monoamine uptake into cells. RESULTS We present multiple lines of evidence of changes in the transcriptional and functional regulation of monoamine transporters associated with trophoblast differentiation. These include enhancement of SERT and DAT gene and protein expression in BeWo cells. On the other hand, in PHT cells we report negative modulation of SERT, NET, and OCT3 protein expression. We show that OCT3 is the dominant monoamine transporter in PHT cells, and its main functional impact is on serotonin uptake, while passive transport strongly contributes to norepinephrine and dopamine uptake. Further, we show that a wide range of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors affect serotonin cellular accumulation, at pharmacologically relevant drug concentrations, via their action on both OCT3 and SERT. Finally, we demonstrate that BeWo cells do not well reflect the molecular mechanisms and properties of healthy human trophoblast cells. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, our findings provide insights into the regulation of monoamine transport during trophoblast differentiation and present important considerations regarding appropriate in vitro models for studying monoamine regulation in the placenta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Vachalova
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Rona Karahoda
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Ottaviani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Kasin Yadunandam Anandam
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Cilia Abad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Christiane Albrecht
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research, NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Frantisek Staud
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
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Engineered human platelet-derived microparticles as natural vectors for targeted drug delivery. Oncotarget 2019; 10:5835-5846. [PMID: 31645903 PMCID: PMC6791386 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug targeting has opened a new paradigm in therapeutics with development of delivery vectors like liposomes and polymeric nanoparticles. Although their clinical application is crippled by limited biological adaptability. Off-target toxicity and biocompatibility still remains one of the critical problems in anticancer therapeutics that can be life-threatening. Here we report a quick, simple and facile method of engineering human platelets to generate drug loaded platelet-derived microparticles (PMPs) by top-down approach, which are biocompatible and naturally target leukemia cells. Drug loaded PMPs and cancer cell uptake were characterized by flow cytometry, confocal microscopy, Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis and fluorimetry. Effective drug delivery was tested in cancer cell lines as well as in clinical samples from leukemia patients. We explored that PMPs are capable of carrying multiple drug payloads, have long shelf life and can be harvested in large quantity in short period. Importantly, PMPs exhibited remarkably higher toxicity towards cancer cells than free drug and had lower escape into extravascular spaces. Transfer of drug to cancer cells of leukemia patients was significantly higher than free drug, when delivered through PMPs. Our experiments validated therapeutic application of PMPs as biocompatible drug delivery vector against cancer cells with minimal off-target delivery.
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Serra-Millàs M. Are the changes in the peripheral brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels due to platelet activation? World J Psychiatry 2016; 6:84-101. [PMID: 27014600 PMCID: PMC4804271 DOI: 10.5498/wjp.v6.i1.84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Revised: 11/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) plays an important role in central nervous system development, neurogenesis and neuronal plasticity. BDNF is also expressed in several non-neuronal tissues, and it could play an important role in other processes, such as cancer, angiogenesis, etc. Platelets are the major source of peripheral BDNF. However, platelets also contain high amounts of serotonin; they express specific surface receptors during activation, and a multitude of pro-inflammatory and immunomodulatory bioactive compounds are secreted from the granules. Until recently, there was insufficient knowledge regarding the relationship between BDNF and platelets. Recent studies showed that BDNF is present in two distinct pools in platelets, in α-granules and in the cytoplasm, and only the BDNF in the granules is secreted following stimulation, representing 30% of the total BDNF in platelets. BDNF has an important role in the pathophysiology of depression. Low levels of serum BDNF have been described in patients with major depressive disorder, and BDNF levels increased with chronic antidepressant treatment. Interestingly, there is an association between depression and platelet function. This review analyzed studies that evaluated the relationship between BDNF and platelet activation and the effect of treatments on both parameters. Only a few studies consider this possible confounding factor, and it could be very important in diseases such as depression, which show changes in both parameters.
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Hamacher M, Gröttrup B, Eisenacher M, Marcus K, Park YM, Meyer HE, Kwon KH, Stephan C. Inter-lab proteomics: data mining in collaborative projects on the basis of the HUPO brain proteome project's pilot studies. Methods Mol Biol 2011; 696:235-46. [PMID: 21063951 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-60761-987-1_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Several projects were initiated by the Human Proteome Organisation (HUPO) focusing on the proteome analysis of distinct human organs. The initiative dedicated to the brain, its development and correlated diseases is the HUPO Brain Proteome Project (HUPO BPP). An objective data submission, storage, and reprocessing strategy have been established with the help of the results gained in a pilot study phase and within subsequent studies. The bioinformatic relevance of the data is drawn from the inter-laboratory comparisons as well as from the recalculation of all data sets submitted by the different groups. In the following, results of the single groups as well as the centralised reprocessing effort are summarised, demonstrating the added-value of this concerted work.
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Hamacher M, Apweiler R, Arnold G, Becker A, Blüggel M, Carrette O, Colvis C, Dunn MJ, Fröhlich T, Fountoulakis M, van Hall A, Herberg F, Ji J, Ji J, Kretzschmar H, Lewczuk P, Lubec G, Marcus K, Martens L, Palacios Bustamante N, Park YM, Pennington SR, Robben J, Stühler K, Reidegeld KA, Riederer P, Rossier J, Sanchez JC, Schrader M, Stephan C, Tagle D, Thiele H, Wang J, Wiltfang J, Yoo JS, Zhang C, Klose J, Meyer HE. HUPO Brain Proteome Project: Summary of the pilot phase and introduction of a comprehensive data reprocessing strategy. Proteomics 2006; 6:4890-8. [PMID: 16927433 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200600295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The Human Proteome Organisation (HUPO) initiated several projects focusing on the proteome analysis of distinct human organs. The Brain Proteome Project (BPP) is the initiative dedicated to the brain, its development and correlated diseases. Two pilot studies have been performed aiming at the comparison of techniques, laboratories and approaches. With the help of the results gained, objective data submission, storage and reprocessing workflow have been established. The biological relevance of the data will be drawn from the inter-laboratory comparisons as well as from the re-calculation of all data sets submitted by the different groups. In the following, results of the single groups as well as the centralised reprocessing effort will be summarised and compared, showing the added value of this concerted work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Hamacher
- Medizinisches Proteom-Center, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany.
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6
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Inslicht SS, Marmar CR, Neylan TC, Metzler TJ, Hart SL, Otte C, McCaslin SE, Larkin GL, Hyman KB, Baum A. Increased cortisol in women with intimate partner violence-related posttraumatic stress disorder. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2006; 31:825-38. [PMID: 16716530 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2006.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2005] [Revised: 03/13/2006] [Accepted: 03/28/2006] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alterations of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis function and sympathetic-adrenal activity have been proposed as key factors in biological models of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). METHODS We examined neuroendocrine function in female survivors of intimate partner violence (IPV) with lifetime (current or remitted) PTSD (n=29) and in women who were exposed to IPV but never developed PTSD (n=20). Salivary cortisol was collected as a marker of HPA axis function at 1, 4, 9, and 11 h after awakening. Platelet epinephrine and norepinephrine were assayed as markers of sympathetic-adrenal activation. RESULTS Women with lifetime PTSD had significantly higher cortisol levels across the day compared to abuse-exposed participants without PTSD, after controlling for age, depression, severity, and latency of abuse. There were no significant group differences in levels of platelet catecholamines. CONCLUSIONS Elevated cortisol levels may be a biomarker of IPV-related lifetime PTSD, reflecting long-lasting changes associated with trauma-exposure or possibly a reflection of risk for PTSD in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabra S Inslicht
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh Sennott Square, 3rd Floor, 210 S. Bouquet Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA.
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Sekiguchi M, Konno S, Kikuchi SI. Effects of 5-HT2A receptor antagonist on blood flow in chronically compressed nerve roots. J Peripher Nerv Syst 2005; 9:263-9. [PMID: 15574139 DOI: 10.1111/j.1085-9489.2004.09401.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Neurogenic intermittent claudication (NIC) can be caused by compression of the cauda equina by spinal stenosis and is a major clinical problem. A reduction of blood flow is an important mechanism for inducing NIC and may be caused by a vasoconstrictive effect mediated by the serotonin 5-HT2A receptor in chronic cauda equina compression lesions. This study assessed the effects of the 5-HT2A receptor antagonist on nerve vasculature in chronically compressed nerve roots. A plastic balloon was placed under the lamina of L7 and inflated to 10 mmHg and left for 1 week in several cauda equina compression models. All experimental animals received an acute administration of serotonin. One group received sarpogrelate hydrochloride (5-HT2A receptor antagonist: 5-HTRA) before administration of serotonin, and another group was administered 5-HTRA after administration of serotonin. Diameters and blood flow in the vasculature of S2 or S3 nerve roots were measured after injection of serotonin. In animals without compression of the cauda equina (sham), blood vessels contracted and the blood flow was reduced after administration of serotonin. In sham and compression animals receiving both serotonin and 5-HTRA, blood vessel diameter was not reduced and was significantly larger than that in the compression group receiving only serotonin (p<0.05). Likewise, the blood flow was not reduced in sham and compression animals receiving serotonin and 5-HTRA and was significantly greater in the compression group treated only with serotonin. 5-HTRA inhibited vasoconstriction and the reduction of blood flow in chronically compressed nerve roots challenged with serotonin. This fact suggests that 5-HTRA might be effective at improving blood flow in chronically compressed nerve roots in patients with spinal canal stenosis and changes in circulation levels of serotonin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miho Sekiguchi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan.
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Rabey JM, Oberman Z, Graff E, Korczyn AD. Decreased dopamine uptake into platelet storage granules in Gilles de la Tourette disease. Biol Psychiatry 1995; 38:112-5. [PMID: 7578642 DOI: 10.1016/0006-3223(94)00234-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The movement disorder of Gilles de la Tourette (GdlT) disease may reflect hyperactivity of the basal ganglionic dopamine system. Since platelets have been suggested as peripheral models for the study of catecholamine neurons, we developed a method to measure the uptake of [3H]-DA into platelet storage granules (PSG). In the present report, PSG were incubated with [3H] DA, and Vmax and Km values were calculated by linear regression analysis (Lineweaver Burke plot). The uptake of DA (0.5-5 microM) by PSG from 18 GdlT patients was significantly lower (p < .0001) compared to 15 controls (Vmax mean +/- SD, 107.5 +/- 42.5 and 265.3 +/- 66.5 fmole/mg protein resp.). The decrease of DA uptake in GdlT may reflect compensatory presynaptic changes that reduce DA activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Rabey
- Department of Neurology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
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9
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Fuller RW, Hemrick-Luecke SK, Snoddy HD. Fluoxetine at anorectic doses does not have properties of a dopamine uptake inhibitor. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 1994; 96:165-77. [PMID: 7826568 DOI: 10.1007/bf01294784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Although fluoxetine is a highly selective inhibitor of serotonin uptake in vitro and in vivo, some investigators have suggested that dopamine uptake inhibition may contribute to anorectic actions of fluoxetine. The present experiments were done to determine fluoxetine's effects in some animal protocols in which dopamine uptake inhibitors have characteristic actions. Mazindol prevented the depletion of striatal dopamine and its metabolites by amphetamine in iprindole-pretreated rats, but fluoxetine had no effect. Mazindol prevented the depletion of striatal dopamine and its metabolites by 6-hydroxydopamine injected intracerebroventricularly into rats, but fluoxetine had no effect. Mazindol enhanced the elevation of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid concentration in rat brain after spiperone injection, but fluoxetine did not cause that effect. Fluoxetine did not mimic amfonelic acid in antagonizing the retention of alpha-methyl-m-tyramine invant striatum after the injection of alpha-methyl-m-tyrosine. These results show that fluoxetine, at doses that are effective in blocking the serotonin uptake carrier and causing anorexia, does not block the dopamine uptake carrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- R W Fuller
- Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN
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10
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Rabey JM, Shabtai H, Graff E, Oberman Z. [3H] dopamine uptake by platelet storage granules in Parkinson's disease. Life Sci 1993; 53:1753-9. [PMID: 8246671 DOI: 10.1016/0024-3205(93)90162-v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
[3H] Dopamine (DA) uptake by platelet storage granules was determined in 10 never-treated patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) (in 6 of them, also after 6 months of levodopa treatment), in 18 long-term levodopa-treated patients and in 15 age-matched normal controls. Maximum velocity (Vmax) of DA uptake was significantly lower in the group of never-treated PD subjects compared to healthy controls (P < 0.001) and also lower compared to the PD long-term treated patients (P < 0.025). The Vmax of PD never-treated changed after submitting the patients to 6 months treatment (P < 0.025) and became similar to the Vmax in the treated group. The apparent Michaelis constant (Km) of DA uptake in PD never-treated was also significantly different from controls (P < 0.005) and also different (but not significantly) from PD "long-term" treated patients. Decreased DA uptake by platelet storage granules in PD may reflect a generalized defect of dopaminergic cells with an impairment in the vesicularization of DA which may contribute to the symptomatology of this motor disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Rabey
- Department of Neurology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Israel
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11
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Caccia S, Bizzi A, Coltro G, Fracasso C, Frittoli E, Mennini T, Garattini S. Anorectic activity of fluoxetine and norfluoxetine in rats: relationship between brain concentrations and in-vitro potencies on monoaminergic mechanisms. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992; 44:250-4. [PMID: 1354734 DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.1992.tb03592.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The present study was aimed at establishing the importance of brain monoamine uptake and release mechanisms in the anorectic activity of fluoxetine, relating them to the actual brain concentrations of the parent drug and its metabolite norfluoxetine after anorectic doses in rats. Both compounds showed anorectic activity when administered intraperitoneally, norfluoxetine being slightly more active (ED50 = 22.9 mumol kg-1) than fluoxetine (ED50 = 35.0 mumol kg-1) despite the fact that the metabolite is about ten times less potent than the parent drug in inhibiting 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) uptake. Comparing the brain concentrations of norfluoxetine, in terms of maximum concentrations (Cmax) and area under the curve (AUC), after the ED50 of fluoxetine or synthetic norfluoxetine, it also appeared that the metabolite plays a major role in the anorectic effect of the parent drug in rats. Brain Cmax of fluoxetine (48.7 microM) and norfluoxetine (21.7 and 27.3 microM after metabolite and drug, respectively) were several times those blocking 5-HT uptake in-vitro (0.5 microM), making it unlikely that fluoxetine (directly or through its metabolite) reduces food intake by specifically blocking 5-HT neuronal uptake. Brain Cmax of fluoxetine but particularly norfluoxetine were more compatible with those capable in-vitro of affecting catecholaminergic mechanisms, such as inhibition of dopamine and noradrenaline uptake and enhancement of dopamine release. These results together with recent in-vitro findings that the parent compound and its active metabolite induce tritium release from hippocampal synaptosomes previously loaded with [3H]5-HT suggest that mechanisms other than inhibition of 5-HT uptake are involved in the anorectic action of these compounds in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Caccia
- Istituto di Richerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy
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12
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Wölfel R, Graefe KH. Evidence for various tryptamines and related compounds acting as substrates of the platelet 5-hydroxytryptamine transporter. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 1992; 345:129-36. [PMID: 1570019 DOI: 10.1007/bf00165727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to answer the question whether amines other than 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and tryptamine act as substrates of the platelet 5-HT transporter. To this end, a large number of tryptamines, 5-HT receptor agonists and phenethylamines (which had IC50 values for 3H-5-HT uptake inhibition of 145-24,500 nmol l-1) was examined in rabbit platelets in order to determine their ability to induce an outward transport of 3H-5-HT. Platelets (the MAO of which was blocked) from reserpine-pretreated animals were loaded with 3H-5-HT and then exposed for 5 min to various concentrations (ranging from 0.25 to 40 times the IC50) of each compound. The concentration-effect curves for the drug-induced increase in 3H-5-HT efflux served to determine values of Emax (maximum increase in efflux expressed in % of the 3H-5-HT content of cells) and EC50 (drug concentration producing Emax/2). For the 24 compounds studied here (which included the 5-HT uptake inhibitors imipramine, citalopram, fluoxetine and cocaine) a linear correlation between EC50 and IC50 (r = 0.975) and a mean ratio of EC50/IC50 of 2.4 was found. Most of the compounds +ADe.g., (+/-)8-hydroxy-2-(N,N-dipropylamino)tetralin, S(+)alpha-methyl-5-HT, 5-carboxamidotryptamine and 5-methoxytryptamine+BD gave rise to Emax values (15.8-32.5%) that exceeded that brought about by imipramine (6.6%), indicating that they act as substrates of the 5-HT transporter; the 3H-5-HT outward transport observed in response to these substances was abolished in the presence of imipramine.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- R Wölfel
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Universität Würzburg, Federal Republic of Germany
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13
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Rabey JM, Lerner A, Sigal M, Graff E, Oberman Z. [3H]dopamine uptake by platelet storage granules in schizophrenia. Life Sci 1992; 50:65-72. [PMID: 1728725 DOI: 10.1016/0024-3205(92)90198-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
[3H]Dopamine (DA) uptake by platelet storage granules was determined in 26 schizophrenic male patients, paranoid type (14 acute stage; 12 in remission) and 20 age-matched, normal controls. Maximum velocity (Vmax) of DA uptake was significantly higher in acute patients, than patients in remission or controls (p less than 0.05). The apparent Michaelis constant (Km) of DA uptake in acute patients was also significantly different from chronic patients (p less than 0.05). Preincubation with reserpine (10(-4), 10(-5) M) produced a substantial diminution of DA uptake, while haloperidol (10(-4), 10(-5) M) did not affect the assay. Considering that a DA dysequilibrium in schizophrenia may be expressed not only in the brain, but also in the periphery and that an increased amount of DA accumulated in the vesicles, implies that an increased quantity of catecholamine is available for release, our findings suggest additional evidence for the role of DA overactivity in the pathophysiology of this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Rabey
- Department of Neurology, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Israel
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14
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Dean B, Copolov DL. An assay to measure the simultaneous uptake of [3H]dopamine and [14C]serotonin by the human platelet reveals an imipramine-insensitive [3H]dopamine uptake mechanism. Life Sci 1992; 50:341-7. [PMID: 1732705 DOI: 10.1016/0024-3205(92)90435-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
To determine whether a specific dopamine uptake mechanism is present on the human platelet the simultaneous uptake of [3H]dopamine and [14C]serotonin by platelets was measured. Utilising a dual radiolabel uptake technique, platelets have been shown to take up serotonin more rapidly and to a greater extent than they take up dopamine. Furthermore, at high concentrations serotonin was able to reduce dopamine uptake by platelets by 60% whereas dopamine had no effect on serotonin uptake. Similarly, imipramine and reserpine reduced (97% and 74% respectively) serotonin uptake by platelets in a dose-dependent manner, but did not affect the uptake of dopamine. Our data show that platelets take up dopamine by a mechanism independent of the imipramine-sensitive serotonin uptake mechanism. Furthermore, the increased capacity of platelets to store serotonin is because serotonin, unlike dopamine, is transported into the dense granules of the platelet.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Dean
- Neurochemistry Unit, Royal Park Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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15
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Chamberlain KG, Pestell RG, Best JD. Platelet catecholamine contents are cumulative indexes of sympathoadrenal activity. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY 1990; 259:E141-7. [PMID: 2382708 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.1990.259.2.e141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Blood platelets continually accumulate catecholamines (CA) from plasma. Plasma CA levels fluctuate rapidly, but platelet CA appear to have a slower turnover, making them potentially useful as long-term indexes of sympathoadrenal activity. We measured the effect of different types of human physical exertion on epinephrine (E), norepinephrine (NE), and dopamine (DA) and their sulfoconjugates in both plasma and washed platelets using a radioenzymatic assay. Acute strenuous exercise caused only a small (26%) rise in unconjugated plus sulfated platelet E, but regular training (140 +/- 30 km/wk) was associated with levels of platelet CA or CA sulfates 39-112% higher than controls. After completion of an ultramarathon (607-1,020 km in 6-8 days), platelet CA and CA sulfates were 139-405% higher than controls. Platelet CA declined over several days postrace, and the loss of platelet NE was significantly slower than the loss of platelet E. Plasma CA sulfates were significantly elevated in the runners, whereas plasma CA were normal apart from a transient elevation in NE postrace. Platelet CA levels provide a useful index of chronic sympathoadrenal activity but may be affected by changes in platelet turnover or activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- K G Chamberlain
- University of Melbourne, Department of Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
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16
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Dean B, Kulkarni J, Copolov DL. Validation of a method to measure the uptake of [3H]dopamine by human platelets. Clin Chim Acta 1990; 187:37-46. [PMID: 2317927 DOI: 10.1016/0009-8981(90)90259-u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We have assessed the validity of using platelet-rich plasma (PRP) to measure dopamine uptake by platelets. In addition, we report on a pilot study comparing [3H]dopamine uptake by PRP from psychotic patients to that by PRP from healthy volunteers. Uptake of radiolabelled dopamine by PRP was related to the concentration of [3H]dopamine added and correlated with platelet number. [3H]dopamine uptake by PRP was not altered by varying pH (6.8 to 8.0) or by the time PRP was incubated prior to the addition of the radiolabelled dopamine. 11.7 +/- 0.34% (mean +/- SEM) of [3H]dopamine added to plasma was precipitated by polyethylene glycol (PEG) and appeared to be associated with a large molecular mass component of plasma. The amount of PEG precipitable [3H]dopamine did not correlate with dopamine uptake (r = 0.02) or differ between patients and controls. Uptake of [3H]dopamine by PRP from 52 volunteers (26 M, 26 F; age, 18-75 yr), expressed as the area under the dopamine uptake curve up to 60 min in arbitrary units, ranged from 72-285 for males and 59-455 for females. Comparing [3H]dopamine uptake by PRP from 15 psychotic patients to these sex-specific reference ranges 9 of 13 PRP from schizophrenic patients had [3H]dopamine uptake outside the normative values whereas the two non-schizophrenic patients did not differ from normal. Dopamine uptake by PRP may be useful in the study of diseases with altered dopaminergic activity in the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Dean
- Mental Health Research Institute of Victoria, Parkville, Australia
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Dean B, Copolov DL. Dopamine uptake by the human platelet: effects of dopamine receptor agonists. Eur J Pharmacol 1989; 173:165-9. [PMID: 2576227 DOI: 10.1016/0014-2999(89)90514-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The uptake of dopamine by human platelets has been shown to be temperature- and energy-dependent and not to occur as a result of dopamine binding to and then being internalised with the dopamine D-1 or D-2 receptor. However, occupancy of these receptors could affect dopamine uptake by platelets through their second messenger systems. We have therefore studied the effect of dopamine receptor agonists, which stimulate receptor second messenger systems, on dopamine uptake by platelets. Uptake of [3H]dopamine by human platelets was not affected by the dopamine D-1 receptor agonist SKF 38393 or the dopamine D-2 receptor agonists, quinpirole and bromocriptine. In contrast, the uptake of [3H]dopamine was decreased by the mixed dopamine receptor agonists dopamine and 2-amino-6,7-dihydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene (ADTN). Furthermore, [3H]ADTN, like [3H]dopamine, was taken up by platelets. In conclusion ADTN, a compound structurally similar to dopamine appears to complete for the dopamine uptake system on the human platelet. Thus, our data further support the hypothesis that a selective dopamine uptake system is present on the human platelet and that this system is not influenced by the dopamine D-1 or D-2 receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Dean
- Mental Health Research Institute of Victoria, Parkville, Australia
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Dean B, Copolov DL. Dopamine uptake by platelets is selective, temperature dependent and not influenced by the dopamine-D1 or dopamine-D2 receptor. Life Sci 1989; 45:401-11. [PMID: 2570336 DOI: 10.1016/0024-3205(89)90626-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The human platelet, which takes up and releases dopamine, has been proposed as a peripheral model for the study of dopaminergic neurons in the central nervous system (CNS). In addition, the platelet has been shown to possess membrane components with pharmacological properties similar to the dopamine-D1 (DA-D1) and D2 (DA-D2) receptor on dopaminergic neurons. We have therefore studied the specificity of the platelet uptake system for dopamine and, as dopamine uptake comprises both internalised and membrane bound dopamine, the contribution of the DA-D1 and DA-D2 receptor to the uptake of dopamine has been assessed. Significant uptake of 3H-dopamine by platelet rich plasma (PRP) occurred after 10 min incubation at 37 degrees C, uptake being maximal after 90 min. In contrast, at 4 degrees C no uptake of 3H-dopamine occurred up to 60 mins incubation but at 20 degrees C was approximately 8% of the 60 min uptake at 37 degrees C. The neurotransmitters serotonin and dopamine inhibited dopamine uptake by platelets in a dose dependent manner. Uptake of dopamine appeared to be via two systems, one of high affinity with low capacity and the other of lower affinity but high capacity. In contrast, noradrenaline, adrenaline, acetylcholine, gamma-aminobutyric acid and histamine (10 microM) had no effect on dopamine uptake by platelets. The DA-D1 receptor antagonist SCH 23390 (10 microns) and the DA-D2 receptor antagonists (10 microM) spiperone, domperidone and (+)-butaclamol did not significantly affect dopamine uptake by platelets. In addition, ouabain and desipramine (100 microM) inhibited dopamine uptake by 21% and 24% respectively whilst reserpine and imipramine (100 microM) increased uptake by 14% and 15%. We therefore conclude that platelets take up dopamine via a selective, temperature dependent mechanism. Our data also suggest that dopamine uptake by platelets does not involve the DA-D1 or DA-D2 receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Dean
- Mental Health Research Institute of Victoria, Australia
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Launay JM, Bursztejn C, Ferrari P, Dreux C, Braconnier A, Zarifian E, Lancrenon S, Fermanian J. Catecholamines metabolism in infantile autism: a controlled study of 22 autistic children. J Autism Dev Disord 1987; 17:333-47. [PMID: 3654486 DOI: 10.1007/bf01487064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
In a group of 22 autistic children aged 5 to 16 years and a group of normal controls matched for age and sex, catecholamines metabolism was investigated in plasma, platelets, and urine. This investigation was part of a research project in which several biological parameters (including serotonin) were explored simultaneously in the same children. In the autistic group, epinephrine and norepinephrine were significantly elevated in plasma, while epinephrin, norepinephrine, and dopamine were significantly lower in isolated platelets. No significant difference was found between the two groups for the urinary excretion of epinephrine, norepinephrine, dopamine, DOPAC, and MHPG. Other differences between the two groups in the statistical correlations of several biochemical parameters also suggest abnormalities of bioamine metabolism in the platelets of autistic children.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Launay
- Service de Psychothérapie de l'Enfant et de l'Adolescent, Hôpital R. Debre, Reims, France
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Abstract
3H-spiroperidol, an antagonist of dopamine receptors in brain (striatum), was found to bind to human and rat platelet membrane preparations. The binding was rapid, reversible, saturable and specific. Unlabelled haloperidol displaced the specifically bound 3H-spiroperidol. Binding equilibrium was attained in 15 min at pH 7.4 and 37 degrees C. Scatchard analysis of 3H-spiroperidol binding revealed a single population of binding site with Kd of 7.6 nM in rat platelet membrane and Kd of 15 nM in human platelet membrane. Unlabelled 5-hydroxytryptamine produced no significant effect on 3H-spiroperidol binding to rat or human blood platelet membranes in the presence or absence of haloperidol. Some dopaminergic agents, known to inhibit spiroperidol binding in corpus striatum, also inhibited the same in rat and human blood platelet membranes under in vitro conditions. This study suggests the presence of specific 3H-spiroperidol binding sites in blood platelets.
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Hambley JW, Johnston GA. Uptake of gamma-aminobutyric acid by human blood platelets: comparison with CNS uptake. Life Sci 1985; 36:2053-62. [PMID: 3923286 DOI: 10.1016/0024-3205(85)90456-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Human blood platelets show a sodium and temperature dependent uptake of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and other neuroactive amino acids. The most potent inhibitors tested of platelet GABA uptake were taurine and beta-alanine, while nipecotic acid and cis-3-aminocyclohexanecarboxylic acid were relatively weak inhibitors. These results suggest GABA is transported by a beta-amino acid uptake process in human platelets. Thus, platelet GABA uptake may more closely resemble glial rather than neuronal uptake.
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Barkhatova VP, Kandel' EI, Demina EG. Approaches to the study of cerebral dopamine metabolism in certain extrapyramidal diseases. NEUROSCIENCE AND BEHAVIORAL PHYSIOLOGY 1985; 15:132-9. [PMID: 3160969 DOI: 10.1007/bf01186980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Kodaira H, Ishikawa M, Komoda Y, Nakajima T. Time-dependent inhibition of platelet aggregation by dopamine and 3-methoxytyramine. Important roles of their metabolites. Biochem Pharmacol 1984; 33:435-41. [PMID: 6422947 DOI: 10.1016/0006-2952(84)90237-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The effects of dopamine (DA) and 3-methoxytyramine (3MT) on arachidonic acid (AA)-, collagen-, and adenosine 5'-diphosphate (ADP)-induced rabbit platelet aggregation were studied in relation to their metabolites in vitro. DA and 3MT did not inhibit AA- and collagen-induced platelet aggregation immediately after addition of a low concentration, but inhibition did occur, in a time-dependent and concentration-dependent manner, when DA and 3MT were incubated in platelet-rich plasma (PRP). The concentration of DA and 3MT decreased time-dependently, and the main metabolites of DA and 3MT were 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde (DOPAL) and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylacetaldehyde (MOPAL), respectively, as determined by high performance liquid chromatography. These aldehydes were found to have potent inhibitory activities nearly equal to those of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethanol (DOPET) and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylethanol (MOPET) on both AA- and collagen-induced platelet aggregation. DOPET and MOPET were detected only in small concentrations. Taking into account both the anti-platelet potency and the concentrations detected in PRP of DOPAL and MOPAL, it is concluded that the time-dependent inhibition of the platelet aggregation by DA and 3MT may be due to the mediation of their corresponding main metabolites, DOPAL and MOPAL, respectively, while the concentration-dependent inhibition by DA and 3MT seems to be largely due to an innate activity.
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Malmgren R. Platelets and biogenic amines. 1. Platelets are poor investigative models for dopamine re-uptake. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 1984; 84:480-5. [PMID: 6441948 DOI: 10.1007/bf00431453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The uptake of 14C-dopamine (DA) by human platelets at 10(-7) -2.5 X 10(-4) M of labelled amine concentration was studied in human platelet-rich plasma. The total uptake could be resolved into two components, one of which was saturable and completely inhibited by 10(-5) imipramine and another which was unsaturable but temperature-dependent. The saturable uptake of DA had an apparent Km of 75 X 10(-6) M and Vmax of 1.34 pmol/10(6) platelets/min. The uptake of unsaturable DA was 1.33 pmol/10(6) platelets/min at 10(-4) M DA. Dopamine exerted a mixed non-competitive inhibition of the saturable 5-HT transport and vice versa. Thus the increase in Km was paralleled by a decrease in Vmax. The low-affinity transport of DA by the human platelets does not share any of the dopamine uptake characteristics found in neuronal tissue. The platelet therefore seems to be a poor model for the presynaptic function of the dopamine neurons.
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Chou DT, Cuzzone H, Hirsh KR. Assessment of blood platelets as a model for CNS response: comparative effects of caffeine on 5-HT uptake and release mechanisms in rat platelets and rat brain serotonin neurons. Life Sci 1983; 33:1149-56. [PMID: 6888169 DOI: 10.1016/0024-3205(83)90019-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
We have previously reported that caffeine significantly enhanced 5-HT uptake and reduced 5-HT release from crude synaptosomal fractions obtained from rat cerebral cortex and from midbrain raphe region. Blood platelets, as reported by many laboratories and also demonstrated in our own labs, have a very active mechanism for 5-HT uptake and storage. In this regard platelets bear a high degree of similarity to brain serotonin neurons. The present experiments were, therefore, carried out to investigate the effects of caffeine on 5-HT uptake and release from rat platelets in an attempt to assess the possibility of using platelets as a model for studying the CNS effects of caffeine. Platelet rich plasma was prepared from the trunk blood of decapitated rats. Effects of caffeine were investigated at 10(-7), 10(-6), 10(-5) and 10(-4)M, on both the high affinity 3H-5-HT uptake and the spontaneous 5-HT release from 3H-5-HT preloaded platelets. The results show that caffeine did not change 5-HT uptake into platelets. In brain synaptosomes the same concentration of caffeine, however, increased 5-HT uptake dose-dependently. The results also revealed that caffeine increased 5-HT release from rat platelets in a concentration-dependent manner. The concentrations 10(-6), 10(-5), and 10(-4)M increased release significantly compared to control. This finding is also in contrast to that observed in synaptosomes of brain serotonin neurons where caffeine decreased 5-HT release. It is concluded, therefore, that the rat blood platelet is not a suitable model for studying these CNS actions of caffeine. Furthermore, our observations imply that rat platelet serotonin uptake and release mechanisms are not identical to those mechanisms in brain serotonin neurons.
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Lingjaerde O, Kildemo O. Dopamine uptake in platelets: two different low-affinity, saturable mechanisms. AGENTS AND ACTIONS 1981; 11:410-6. [PMID: 7282492 DOI: 10.1007/bf01982479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Uptake of dopamine (DA) in human blood platelets was found to encompass two different saturable components, one chloride-dependent and one non-chloride-dependent. The chloride-dependent uptake had an apparent Km of about 4 X 10(-5) M, was strongly inhibited by serotonin (5HT), and moderately inhibited by ouabain, PHMB and by substituting K+ for Na+ in the incubation medium. The antidepressants imipramine, clomipramine, desipramine and nomifensine showed approximately the same inhibitory potency against this uptake as against 5HT uptake in platelets. This chloride-dependent mechanism is probably identical with the 5HT uptake mechanism in platelets. The non-chloride-dependent uptake had an apparent Km of about 1.4 X 10(-4) M, and was not inhibited by metabolic inhibitors or antidepressants, and only moderately by 5HT. Its characteristics seem to be in accordance with facilitated diffusion. When platelets preloaded with DA were reincubated in fresh medium without chloride, the efflux curve indicated a distribution between one "superficial" and one "deep" compartment, containing 68% and 32% of total platelet DA, respectively. The deep compartment probably corresponds to the dense osmiophilic granules. The efflux kinetics are similar to those found for 5HT.
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Bianchi L, Stella L, Dagnino G, de Gaetano G, Rossi EC. The uptake of tyramine by rat platelets. Biochem Pharmacol 1981; 30:709-13. [PMID: 7247954 DOI: 10.1016/0006-2952(81)90155-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Youdim MB, Oppenheim B. The effect of tryptolines (1, 2, 3, 4-tetrahydro-beta-carbolines) on monoamine metabolism and the platelet aggregation response in human platelets. Neuroscience 1981; 6:801-10. [PMID: 7242917 DOI: 10.1016/0306-4522(81)90163-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Eakins MN, Somaia S. The uptake and release of an 125I-labelled analogue of chloroquine (IQ3) by rat blood platelets. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 1981; 8:179-80. [PMID: 7319712 DOI: 10.1016/0047-0740(81)90072-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Abstract
1. Initial uptake rates of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) were compared in Down's syndrome (D.S.) and normal platelets GABA uptake was decreased in D.S. platelets (1.10 +/- 0.10 nmol h-1 10(-9)) compared to uptake by normal platelets (1.89 +/- 0.21 nmol h-1 10(-9), P less than 0.005. 2. The effect of varying the NA+ concentration was similar on D.S. and normal platelets. Increasing the media Na+ concentration resulted in increased rates of GABA uptake in both D.S. and normal platelets. 3. GABA uptake in the presence of 2,4-dinitrophenol or at 2 degrees C is approximately 56% of the uptake at 37 degrees C for both D.S. and normal platelets. 4. Extrapolation of a reciprocal plot indicates a two affinity uptake system; a high affinity and a low affinity mechanism. 5. A significant defect in GABA uptake exists in D.S. platelets.
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Szekely GA, Caplan R, Rotman A. Platelet dopamine uptake in autistic and other psychotic children. Inhibition by imipramine. PROGRESS IN NEURO-PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY 1980; 4:215-8. [PMID: 7403355 DOI: 10.1016/0364-7722(80)90040-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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