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Cheng C, Wang B, Gao L, Liu J, Chen X, Huang H, Zhao Z. Next generation sequencing reveals changes of the γδ T cell receptor repertoires in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3956. [PMID: 29500378 PMCID: PMC5834497 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-22061-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a severe global threat to human health. The immune protection initiated by γδ T cells play an important role in mycobacterial infection. Vaccines for Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) based on γδ T cells provide a novel approach for TB control. In our previous studies, we found a preponderant complementarity-determining region 3 (CDR3) sequence of the γδ T cell receptor (TCR) in TB patients, and successfully identified a tuberculosis antigen that can effectively activate γδ T cells with a reverse genetic strategy. However, due to the throughput limitation of the method we used, the information we obtained about the γδ TCR repertoire and preponderant CDR3 sequences was limited. In this study, we introduced next generation sequencing (NGS) to study the γδ TCR CDR3 repertoires in TB patients. We found that the CDR3δ tended to be more polyclonal and CDR3γ tended to be longer in TB patients; the γδ T cells expressing CDR3 sequences using a Vγ9-JγP rearrangement expanded significantly during Mtb infection. We also identified new preponderant CDR3 sequences during Mtb infection. This study comprehensively characterized the γδ T cell receptor repertoire changes, and provides useful information for the development of new vaccines and adjuvants against TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaofei Cheng
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, and Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Bei Wang
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, and Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China.,Clinical Immunology Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Lei Gao
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, and Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Jianmin Liu
- The Sixth People's Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, 450015, China
| | - Xinchun Chen
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518002, China.
| | - He Huang
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, and Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China. .,Clinical Immunology Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China.
| | - Zhendong Zhao
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, and Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China. .,Clinical Immunology Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China. .,CAMS-Oxford University International Center for Translational Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China.
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2
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Linguiti G, Antonacci R, Tasco G, Grande F, Casadio R, Massari S, Castelli V, Consiglio A, Lefranc MP, Ciccarese S. Genomic and expression analyses of Tursiops truncatus T cell receptor gamma (TRG) and alpha/delta (TRA/TRD) loci reveal a similar basic public γδ repertoire in dolphin and human. BMC Genomics 2016; 17:634. [PMID: 27528257 PMCID: PMC4986337 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-2841-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) is a mammal that belongs to the Cetartiodactyla and have lived in marine ecosystems for nearly 60 millions years. Despite its popularity, our knowledge about its adaptive immunity and evolution is very limited. Furthermore, nothing is known about the genomics and evolution of dolphin antigen receptor immunity. RESULTS Here we report a evolutionary and expression study of Tursiops truncatus T cell receptor gamma (TRG) and alpha/delta (TRA/TRD) genes. We have identified in silico the TRG and TRA/TRD genes and analyzed the relevant mature transcripts in blood and in skin from four subjects. The dolphin TRG locus is the smallest and simplest of all mammalian loci as yet studied. It shows a genomic organization comprising two variable (V1 and V2), three joining (J1, J2 and J3) and a single constant (C), genes. Despite the fragmented nature of the genome assemblies, we deduced the TRA/TRD locus organization, with the recent TRDV1 subgroup genes duplications, as it is expected in artiodactyls. Expression analysis from blood of a subject allowed us to assign unambiguously eight TRAV genes to those annotated in the genomic sequence and to twelve new genes, belonging to five different subgroups. All transcripts were productive and no relevant biases towards TRAV-J rearrangements are observed. Blood and skin from four unrelated subjects expression data provide evidence for an unusual ratio of productive/unproductive transcripts which arise from the TRG V-J gene rearrangement and for a "public" gamma delta TR repertoire. The productive cDNA sequences, shared both in the same and in different individuals, include biases of the TRGV1 and TRGJ2 genes. The high frequency of TRGV1-J2/TRDV1- D1-J4 productive rearrangements in dolphins may represent an interesting oligo-clonal population comparable to that found in human with the TRGV9- JP/TRDV2-D-J T cells and in primates. CONCLUSIONS Although the features of the TRG and TRA/TRD loci organization reflect those of the so far examined artiodactyls, genomic results highlight in dolphin an unusually simple TRG locus. The cDNA analysis reveal productive TRA/TRD transcripts and unusual ratios of productive/unproductive TRG transcripts. Comparing multiple different individuals, evidence is found for a "public" gamma delta TCR repertoire thus suggesting that in dolphins as in human the gamma delta TCR repertoire is accompanied by selection for public gamma chain.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Bottle-Nosed Dolphin/genetics
- Bottle-Nosed Dolphin/metabolism
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Genetic Loci
- Humans
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Phylogeny
- Protein Structure, Secondary
- RNA/blood
- RNA/isolation & purification
- RNA/metabolism
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/classification
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/metabolism
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/classification
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/metabolism
- Sequence Alignment
- Skin/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Linguiti
- Department of Biology, University of Bari, via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Rachele Antonacci
- Department of Biology, University of Bari, via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Gianluca Tasco
- Biocomputing Group, CIRI-Health Science and Technologies/Department of Biology, University of Bologna, via Selmi 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesco Grande
- Zoomarine Italia SpA, via Casablanca 61, 00071 Pomezia, RM Italy
| | - Rita Casadio
- Biocomputing Group, CIRI-Health Science and Technologies/Department of Biology, University of Bologna, via Selmi 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Serafina Massari
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science e Technologies, University of Salento, via per Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Vito Castelli
- Department of Biology, University of Bari, via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Arianna Consiglio
- CNR, Institute for Biomedical Technologies of Bari, via Amendola, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Marie-Paule Lefranc
- IMGT®, the international ImMunoGeneTics information system®, Laboratoire d’ImmunoGénétique Moléculaire, Institut de Génétique Humaine, UPR CNRS 1142, University of Montpellier, 34396 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
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3
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Christopoulos P, Bukatz D, Kock S, Malkovsky M, Finke J, Fisch P. Improved analysis of TCRγδ variable region expression in humans. J Immunol Methods 2016; 434:66-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2016.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Revised: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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4
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Pauza CD, Cairo C. Evolution and function of the TCR Vgamma9 chain repertoire: It's good to be public. Cell Immunol 2015; 296:22-30. [PMID: 25769734 PMCID: PMC4466227 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2015.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Revised: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Lymphocytes expressing a T cell receptor (TCR) composed of Vgamma9 and Vdelta2 chains represent a minor fraction of human thymocytes. Extrathymic selection throughout post-natal life causes the proportion of cells with a Vgamma9-JP rearrangement to increase and elevates the capacity for responding to non-peptidic phosphoantigens. Extrathymic selection is so powerful that phosphoantigen-reactive cells comprise about 1 in 40 circulating memory T cells in healthy adults and the subset expands rapidly upon infection or in response to malignancy. Skewing of the gamma delta TCR repertoire is accompanied by selection for public gamma chain sequences such that many unrelated individuals overlap extensive in their circulating repertoire. This type of selection implies the presence of a monomorphic antigen-presenting molecule that is an object of current research but remains incompletely defined. While selection on a monomorphic presenting molecule may seem unusual, similar mechanisms shape the alpha beta T cell repertoire including the extreme examples of NKT or mucosal-associated invariant T cells (MAIT) and the less dramatic amplification of public Vbeta chain rearrangements driven by individual MHC molecules and associated with resistance to viral pathogens. Selecting and amplifying public T cell receptors whether alpha beta or gamma delta, are important steps in developing an anticipatory TCR repertoire. Cell clones expressing public TCR can accelerate the kinetics of response to pathogens and impact host survival.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Base Sequence
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Evolution, Molecular
- Humans
- Immunologic Memory/immunology
- Natural Killer T-Cells/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/immunology
- Sequence Homology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
- Thymocytes/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- C David Pauza
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
| | - Cristiana Cairo
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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5
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Chen W, Wang J, Wang E, Lu Y, Lau SK, Weiss LM, Huang Q. Detection of Clonal Lymphoid Receptor Gene Rearrangements in Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis. Am J Surg Pathol 2010; 34:1049-57. [DOI: 10.1097/pas.0b013e3181e5341a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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6
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Intraepithelial CD8-positive T lymphocytes predict survival for patients with serous stage III ovarian carcinomas: relevance of clonal selection of T lymphocytes. Br J Cancer 2009; 101:1513-21. [PMID: 19861998 PMCID: PMC2778517 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6605274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the prognostic effect of tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in serous stage III ovarian carcinoma to determine TIL clonality and to correlate this to Her2/neu expression. Methods: Formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded ovarian carcinomas were examined for CD20-, CD3-, CD4- and CD8-positive lymphocytes (n=100), and for Her2/neu-positive tumour cells (n=55/100) by immunohistochemistry. Clonality analysis was carried out by T-cell receptor γ (TCRγ) gene rearrangements (n=93/100). Statistical analyses included experimental and clinico-pathological variables, as well as disease-free (DFS) and overall (OS) survival. Results: CD20-positive B lymphocytes were present in 57.7% (stromal)/33.0% (intraepithelial) and CD3-positive T lymphocytes in 99.0% (stromal)/90.2% (intraepithelial) of ovarian carcinomas. Intraepithelial CD3-positive T lymphocytes were correlated with improved DFS in optimally debulked patients (P=0.0402). Intraepithelial CD8-positive T lymphocytes were correlated with improved OS in all optimally debulked patients (P=0.0201) and in those undergoing paclitaxel/carboplatin therapy (P=0.0092). Finally, rarified and clonal TCRγ gene rearrangements were detected in 37 out of 93 (39.8%) and 15 out of 93 (16.1%) cases, respectively. This was marginally associated with improved DFS (P=0.0873). Despite a significant correlation of HER2/neu status and intraepithelial CD8-positive lymphocytes (P=0.0264), this was non-directional (R=−0.257; P=0.0626). Conclusion: Improved survival of ovarian cancer patients is related to the infiltration, clonal selection and intraepithelial persistence of T lymphocytes.
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7
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Bench AJ, Erber WN, Follows GA, Scott MA. Molecular genetic analysis of haematological malignancies II: mature lymphoid neoplasms. Int J Lab Hematol 2007; 29:229-60. [PMID: 17617076 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-553x.2007.00876.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Molecular genetic techniques have become an integral part of the diagnostic assessment for many lymphomas and other chronic lymphoid neoplasms. The demonstration of a clonal immunoglobulin or T cell receptor gene rearrangement offers a useful diagnostic tool in cases where the diagnosis is equivocal. Molecular genetic detection of other genomic rearrangements may not only assist with the diagnosis but can also provide important prognostic information. Many of these rearrangements can act as molecular markers for the detection of low levels of residual disease. In this review, we discuss the applications of molecular genetic analysis to the chronic lymphoid malignancies. The review concentrates on those disorders for which molecular genetic analysis can offer diagnostic and/or prognostic information.
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MESH Headings
- Burkitt Lymphoma/genetics
- Gene Rearrangement
- Humans
- Immunoglobulin G/genetics
- Leukemia, Hairy Cell/genetics
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/genetics
- Leukemia, Prolymphocytic/genetics
- Leukemia-Lymphoma, Adult T-Cell/genetics
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/genetics
- Lymphoma, Follicular/genetics
- Lymphoma, Mantle-Cell/genetics
- Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/genetics
- Lymphoma, T-Cell/genetics
- Molecular Diagnostic Techniques
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Bench
- Haemato-Oncology Diagnostic Service, Department of Haematology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK.
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8
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Kuo FC, Hall D, Longtine JA. A novel method for interpretation of T-cell receptor gamma gene rearrangement assay by capillary gel electrophoresis based on normal distribution. J Mol Diagn 2007; 9:12-9. [PMID: 17251331 PMCID: PMC1867425 DOI: 10.2353/jmoldx.2007.060032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
T-cell receptor gamma (TRG) gene rearrangement status is useful for the differential diagnosis of T-cell lesions. The BIOMED-2 protocol that uses two sets of Jgamma and four sets of Vgamma primers in a multiplex, two-tube reaction followed by capillary gel electrophoresis is emerging as a standard assay for this application. Here, we report a computer-aided method to evaluate the significance of a peak in this TRG clonality assay. A best-fit normal distribution (ND) curve and the chi(2) error for each peak are used to determine whether a peak is significantly taller than the background (cutoff for Vgamma(1-8) is 1). Eighty clinical samples that have been previously analyzed by a GC-clamped primer polymerase chain reaction/denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis assay were reanalyzed with the BIOMED-2 assay and scored by the ND method and four previously published methods: relative peak height (RPH), relative peak ratio (RPR), height ratio (HR), and peak height ratio (Rn). A greater than 90% concordance rate was observed between RPH and ND analysis, whereas RPR, Rn, and HR had a lower threshold to call a peak positive. The advantage of the ND method is that it is more objective, reproducible, and can be automated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank C Kuo
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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9
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MacDougall A, Enders P, Hatfield G, Pauza D, Rakasz E. V gamma 2 TCR repertoire overlap in different anatomical compartments of healthy, unrelated rhesus macaques. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2001; 166:2296-302. [PMID: 11160285 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.166.4.2296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Gammadelta T cells show preferential homing that is characterized by biased TCR repertoire at different anatomical locations. The processes that regulate this compartmentalization are largely unknown. A model that allows repeated multiple sample procurement under different conditions and enables with relatively straightforward extrapolation to a human situation will facilitate our understanding. The peripheral blood Vgamma2 T cell population is the best-characterized human gammadelta T cell subset. To determine its diversity at multiple immunocompartments matching blood, colon, and vagina samples from rhesus macaques were investigated. Four joining segments used in Vgamma2-Jgamma transcripts were identified, including one segment with no human counterpart. Like in humans, the rhesus peripheral blood Vgamma2 TCR repertoire was limited and contained common sequences that were shared by genetically heterogeneous animals. Furthermore, this subset comprised several phylogenetically conserved Vgamma2 complementarity-determining region 3 (CDR3) motifs between rhesus and humans. Common sequences were also found within the colon and vagina of the same animal, and within the peripheral blood and intestine of different unrelated animals. These results validate rhesus macaques as a useful model for gammadelta TCR repertoire and homing studies. Moreover, they provide evidence that the concept of limited but overlapping Vgamma TCR repertoire between unrelated individuals can be extended including the mucosa of the digestive and reproductive tract.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Motifs/genetics
- Amino Acid Motifs/immunology
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Base Sequence
- Colon, Sigmoid/immunology
- Colon, Sigmoid/metabolism
- Female
- Genes, T-Cell Receptor gamma
- Humans
- Intestinal Mucosa/immunology
- Intestinal Mucosa/metabolism
- Macaca mulatta
- Male
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Organ Specificity/genetics
- Organ Specificity/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/blood
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/genetics
- Sequence Alignment
- Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
- Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
- Transcription, Genetic/immunology
- Vagina/immunology
- Vagina/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- A MacDougall
- Wisconsin Regional Primate Research Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53715, USA
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10
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Laetsch B, Häffner AC, Döbbeling U, Seifert B, Ludwig E, Burg G, Dummer R. CD4 + /CD7- T cell frequency and polymerase chain reaction-based clonality assay correlate with stage in cutaneous T cell lymphomas. J Invest Dermatol 2000; 114:107-11. [PMID: 10620124 DOI: 10.1046/j.1523-1747.2000.00818.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In cutaneous T cell lymphomas, tumor cells can be found in skin and in other compartments. A precise definition of extracutaneous spread including blood involvement is necessary for staging and treatment design. We investigated peripheral blood in 51 patients with various types of cutaneous T cell lymphomas by the analysis of blood smears for Sézary cells, the CD4 + /CD7- T helper cell frequency in the peripheral blood by fluorescence activated cell sorter analysis and by polymerase chain reaction for the T cell receptor gamma-chain followed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis. Eleven polymerase chain reaction products were sequenced. Thirty-five per cent of patients with stage Ia-IIb cutaneous T cell lymphomas presented a peripheral blood T cell clone. In patients with stage III-IVb cutaneous T cell lymphomas 75% were positive for clonality in the peripheral blood by polymerase chain reaction. Interestingly, three of 13 Sézary patients showed a TCR-gamma joining region pseudogene (JgammaP1/JgammaP2) usage. CD4 + /CD7- cell counts were significantly higher in patients with advanced cutaneous T cell lymphomas than in patients with early cutaneous T cell lymphomas. There was a correlation between increased percentage of circulating CD4 + /CD7- cells and detection of clonality by polymerase chain reaction (p = 0.001). There was no significant correlation between the polymerase chain reaction data and the percentage of Sézary cells on blood smears. A significant correlation between CD4 + /CD7- cells and Sézary cells was found, however. Stepwise logistic regression analysis showed that the CD4 + /CD7- cell count and clonal T cell detection in peripheral blood are independently correlated with stage. The combination of both parameters gives more information than each one separately. In conclusion, our data indicate that fluorescence activated cell sorter analysis of peripheral blood and polymerase chain reaction-based clonality assays can improve the accuracy of staging investigations in cutaneous T cell lymphomas patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Laetsch
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
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11
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Kohsaka H, Carson DA, Rassenti LZ, Ollier WE, Chen PP, Kipps TJ, Miyasaka N. The human immunoglobulin V(H) gene repertoire is genetically controlled and unaltered by chronic autoimmune stimulation. J Clin Invest 1996; 98:2794-800. [PMID: 8981926 PMCID: PMC507745 DOI: 10.1172/jci119106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The factors controlling immunoglobulin (Ig) gene repertoire formation are poorly understood. Studies on monozygotic twins have helped discern the contributions of genetic versus environmental factors on expressed traits. In the present experiments, we applied a novel anchored PCR-ELISA system to compare the heavy chain V gene (V(H)) subgroup repertoires of mu and gamma expressing B lymphocytes from ten pairs of adult monozygotic twins, including eight pairs who are concordant or discordant for rheumatoid arthritis. The results disclosed that the relative expression of each Ig V(H) gene subgroup is not precisely proportional to its relative genomic size. The monozygotic twins had more similar IgM V(H) gene repertoires than did unrelated subjects. Moreover, monozygotic twins who are discordant for RA also use highly similar IgM V(H) gene-subgroup repertoires. Finally, the V(H) gene repertoire remained stable over time. Collectively, these data reveal that genetic factors predominantly control V(H) gene repertoire formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Kohsaka
- Division of Immunological Diseases, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan.
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12
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Rassenti LZ, Kohsaka H, Kipps TJ. Analysis of immunoglobulin VH gene repertoire by an anchored PCR-ELISA. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1995; 764:463-73. [PMID: 7486567 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1995.tb55866.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
We developed a novel technique to analyze the relative concentration of the expressed immunoglobulin (Ig) VH genes using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Expressed Ig cDNA are amplified via anchored PCR and then subjected to a "nested PCR" reaction that attaches biotin to the 5' end of the antisense strand. This allows us to tether the antisense strand of PCR products onto avidin-coated ELISA plates. Digoxigenin-labeled oligonucleotides specific for the leader sequence sense strand of each major Ig VH gene subgroup are used to probe the plate-tethered, alkaline-denatured, and single-stranded antisense cDNA. Bound probes then are detected with alkaline-phosphatase-conjugated anti-digoxigenin antibodies. Using this method, we assessed the distribution of Ig VH genes used by IgM-expressing blood B cells of normal adults. We found the predominant subgroup is VH3, representing approximately half (range 41-59%) of the expressed IgM repertoire. The next largest subgroups used are VH4 (19-23%), VH1 (15-17%), and VH5 (7-11%). The VH2, VH6, and VH7 subgroups each constitute less than 3% of the expressed IgM repertoire. These results agree with those obtained using traditional and more laborious methods that analyze the distribution of Ig clones in cDNA libraries. In addition, we find that this method compares favorably in sensitivity and specificity to more conventional techniques for assessing the clonality of blood or tissue B-cell populations. This rapid and nonradioactive method should have utility for assessing the Ig repertoires expressed by normal, autoimmune, or neoplastic B-cell populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Z Rassenti
- Sam & Rose Stein Institute for Research on Aging, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla 92093, USA
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13
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O'Hanlon TP, Messersmith WA, Dalakas MC, Plotz PH, Miller FW. Gamma delta T cell receptor gene expression by muscle-infiltrating lymphocytes in the idiopathic inflammatory myopathies. Clin Exp Immunol 1995; 100:519-28. [PMID: 7774065 PMCID: PMC1534468 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.1995.tb03732.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Autoreactive alpha beta T cells have been implicated as playing a primary pathogenic role in a group of diseases characterized by chronic muscle inflammation known as the idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM). gamma delta T cells, a distinct and enigmatic class of T cells, play a less certain role in a variety of human autoimmune diseases including the IIM. In an attempt to understand the significance of gamma delta T cells in the IIM, we utilized a sensitive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique to evaluate gamma delta T cell receptor (TCR) gene expression in 45 muscle biopsies obtained from 42 IIM patients (17 polymyositis, 12 dermatomyositis, and 13 inclusion body myositis). gamma delta TCR gene expression was not detected in 36 specimens, the majority of muscle biopsies surveyed. gamma delta TCR gene expression by muscle-infiltrating lymphocytes was detected among nine clinically heterogeneous patients. We further analysed the junctional sequence composition of the V gamma 3 and V delta 1 transcripts, whose expression was prominent among gamma delta positive patients. DNA sequence analysis of V gamma 3 amplification products from two patients revealed the presence of several productively rearranged transcripts with amino acid sequence similarities within the V gamma 3-N-J gamma junctional domain. No amino acid sequence similarities were evident within the V delta-N-D delta-N-J delta region of V delta 1 transcripts amplified from four patients, although a distinct and dominant clonotype was detected from each patient. Our cumulative data suggest that unlike alpha beta T cells, gamma delta T cells do not play a prominent pathologic role in the IIM. In fact, the sporadic nature of gamma delta TCR gene expression detected among these patients implies that gamma delta T cell infiltration, when it occurs, is a secondary event perhaps resulting from non-specific inflammatory processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- T P O'Hanlon
- Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Sarukhan A, Gombert JM, Olivi M, Bach JF, Carnaud C, Garchon HJ. Anchored polymerase chain reaction based analysis of the V beta repertoire in the non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse. Eur J Immunol 1994; 24:1750-6. [PMID: 7519993 DOI: 10.1002/eji.1830240805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
We have performed extensive analyses of T cell receptor V beta usage in the thymus, the spleen and the infiltrated islets of preclinical non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice. A semiquantitative anchored polymerase chain reaction (An-PCR) protocol has been developed for this purpose. The validity of the method has been first assessed by antibody staining with a panel of anti-V beta monoclonal antibodies (mAb). The results obtained by An-PCR are accurate, reproducible, and in good agreement with cell surface protein staining. A strict comparison between thymus and spleen repertoires reveals no major V beta-specific deletion except the already reported V beta 3 deletion due to Mtv-3. Certain V beta such as V beta 15, 18, 20 are found with a low frequency in the spleen, but the fact that they are also scarce in the thymus probably reflects a poor availability of these genetic elements during beta chain rearrangement rather than negative selection. Other V beta, such as V beta 2, V beta 12 and V beta 14 are significantly more abundant in the spleen than in the thymus. This finding was confirmed by mAb staining for V beta 2 and V beta 14. The expansion asymmetrically affects the CD4+ subset and can be traced back to the mature, single-positive thymocyte subset, suggesting an intrathymic positive selection event. V beta repertoires in infiltrated islets of 13- and 18-week-old, non-diabetic mice are polymorphic. Practically all the V beta found in the peripheral lymphoid tissues are present in the islets, in similar proportions. The major exception is V beta 12, one of the V beta which is subject to expansion during intrathymic differentiation and which is further augmented in the islets, both at 13 and 18 weeks. This increase probably reflects further peripheral amplification of the V beta 12-bearing subset due to encounter with the same ligand as in the thymus or with a cross-reactive motif. Finally, the nucleotide sequencing of all the V beta segments in usage in the NOD strain confirms the absence of allelic polymorphism of V beta-coding regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sarukhan
- INSERM U25, Hôpital Necker, Paris, France
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15
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Wood GS, Tung RM, Haeffner AC, Crooks CF, Liao S, Orozco R, Veelken H, Kadin ME, Koh H, Heald P. Detection of clonal T-cell receptor gamma gene rearrangements in early mycosis fungoides/Sezary syndrome by polymerase chain reaction and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR/DGGE). J Invest Dermatol 1994; 103:34-41. [PMID: 8027579 DOI: 10.1111/1523-1747.ep12389114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 272] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
We used a gene amplification strategy to analyze T-cell receptor (TCR) gene rearrangements in 185 specimens, including mycosis fungoides/Sezary syndrome (MF/SS), other cutaneous neoplasms, inflammatory dermatoses, reactive lymphoid tissues, and normal skin. Genomic DNA was extracted from lesional tissues and rearrangements of the TCR-gamma chain gene were amplified using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with primers specific for rearrangements involving V gamma 1-8 or V gamma 9 gene segments. The resulting PCR products were then separated according to their nucleotide sequence as well as size by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). Dominant clonal TCR-gamma gene rearrangements were detected in 61 of 68 MF/SS cases by PCR/DGGE. This sensitivity of 90% compared to a sensitivity of only 59% when dominant clonality was sought in 17 of these same cases by Southern blot analysis of TCR-beta gene rearrangements. This difference in sensitivity was greatest in early, minimally infiltrated skin lesions. PCR/DGGE was also more sensitive than Southern blot analysis for detecting peripheral blood involvement in two cases of early MF. Among 12 additional specimens of suspected MF/SS, nine (75%) showed clonal TCR-gamma gene rearrangements by PCR/DGGE including six of eight cases with a previously confirmed diagnosis of MF/SS and three of four cases without prior known MF/SS. Among 105 non-MF/SS specimens, dominant TCR-gamma gene rearrangements were detected in only six cases (6%). Four were diagnosed as chronic dermatitis and two were diagnosed as cutaneous lymphoid hyperplasia. We conclude that the large majority of MF/SS cases, including patch phase disease, possess dominant clonal TCR-gamma gene rearrangements. PCR/DGGE is more sensitive than Southern blot analysis for detecting dominant clonality and staging disease in patients with a confirmed diagnosis of MF/SS. However, because PCR/DGGE is sensitive enough to detect dominant TCR-gamma gene rearrangements in a subset of patients with chronic dermatitis, it cannot be used as the sole criterion for establishing a diagnosis of T-cell lymphoma. As with other molecular biologic clonality assays, clinicopathologic correlation is essential. Nevertheless, the detection of dominant clonality in some cases of histologically nonspecific dermatitis allows the identification of a previously unrecognized subset of patients, i.e., those with "clonal dermatitis." It will be important to determine the long-term risk of MF/SS among these patients because our study indicated that MF/SS can sometimes present with lesions indistinguishable from clonal dermatitis.
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MESH Headings
- Base Sequence
- Blotting, Southern
- Cloning, Molecular
- DNA, Neoplasm/analysis
- DNA, Neoplasm/genetics
- Electrophoresis/methods
- Gene Rearrangement, gamma-Chain T-Cell Antigen Receptor
- Humans
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Mycosis Fungoides/genetics
- Mycosis Fungoides/pathology
- Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/analysis
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/genetics
- Sezary Syndrome/genetics
- Sezary Syndrome/pathology
- Skin Neoplasms/genetics
- Skin Neoplasms/pathology
- T-Lymphocytes/chemistry
- T-Lymphocytes/pathology
- T-Lymphocytes/ultrastructure
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Affiliation(s)
- G S Wood
- Department of Dermatology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
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Wood GS, Haeffner A, Dummer R, Crooks CF. Molecular Biology Techniques for the Diagnosis of Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma. Dermatol Clin 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/s0733-8635(18)30171-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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17
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Kohsaka H, Taniguchi A, Chen PP, Ollier WE, Carson DA. The expressed T cell receptor V gene repertoire of rheumatoid arthritis monozygotic twins: rapid analysis by anchored polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Eur J Immunol 1993; 23:1895-901. [PMID: 8344352 DOI: 10.1002/eji.1830230825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Because of heterogeneity in the outbred human population, it has been difficult to determine the genetic factors that influence the expressed T cell receptor (TcR) repertoire in autoimmune diseases. To overcome this problem, we have developed a combination of anchored polymerase chain reaction (APCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) that can accurately assess TcR V gene frequencies in numerous clinical samples. The results are independent of amplification efficiency, and V gene usage can be readily analyzed with an ELISA plate reader and associated software. Using this method, the TcR V beta gene repertoires in peripheral lymphocytes from nine sets of identical twins, normal, concordant or discordant for rheumatoid arthritis (RA), were studied. The TcR V beta results were compared with TcR V gamma frequencies in the same specimens as determined by APCR-ELISA and cDNA sequence analysis. The results showed a marked similarity in the TcR V beta gene repertoires between identical twins, compared to unrelated subjects (p < 0.05) whether or not they were concordant or discordant for RA. In contrast, the TcR V gamma gene repertoires in the monozygotic twins differed as much as in controls. The data imply that (a) the human TcR V beta gene repertoire in peripheral blood is genetically controlled, whereas (b) the TcR V gamma gene repertoire is primarily influenced by environmental stimuli, and (c) RA causes no consistent change in TcR V beta repertoire of peripheral blood. The APCR-ELISA method, in the context of large-scale family and population studies, should facilitate a more precise delineation of the genetic factors that regulate human TcR V beta expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Kohsaka
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla 92093-0663
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