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Markousis-Mavrogenis G, Baumhove L, Al-Mubarak AA, Aboumsallem JP, Bomer N, Voors AA, van der Meer P. Immunomodulation and immunopharmacology in heart failure. Nat Rev Cardiol 2024; 21:119-149. [PMID: 37709934 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-023-00919-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
The immune system is intimately involved in the pathophysiology of heart failure. However, it is currently underused as a therapeutic target in the clinical setting. Moreover, the development of novel immunomodulatory therapies and their investigation for the treatment of patients with heart failure are hampered by the fact that currently used, evidence-based treatments for heart failure exert multiple immunomodulatory effects. In this Review, we discuss current knowledge on how evidence-based treatments for heart failure affect the immune system in addition to their primary mechanism of action, both to inform practising physicians about these pleiotropic actions and to create a framework for the development and application of future immunomodulatory therapies. We also delineate which subpopulations of patients with heart failure might benefit from immunomodulatory treatments. Furthermore, we summarize completed and ongoing clinical trials that assess immunomodulatory treatments in heart failure and present several therapeutic targets that could be investigated in the future. Lastly, we provide future directions to leverage the immunomodulatory potential of existing treatments and to foster the investigation of novel immunomodulatory therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Markousis-Mavrogenis
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Lukas Baumhove
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Ali A Al-Mubarak
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Joseph Pierre Aboumsallem
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Nils Bomer
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Adriaan A Voors
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Peter van der Meer
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.
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Kow CS, Ramachandram DS, Hasan SS. Angiotensin Receptor and Neprilysin Inhibitors for COVID-19 Treatment and Personalized Medicine? OMICS : A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2022; 26:318-319. [PMID: 35483040 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2022.0030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chia Siang Kow
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Syed Shahzad Hasan
- School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, United Kingdom
- School of Biomedical Sciences & Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
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Prausmüller S, Spinka G, Arfsten H, Stasek S, Rettl R, Bartko PE, Goliasch G, Strunk G, Riebandt J, Mascherbauer J, Bonderman D, Hengstenberg C, Hülsmann M, Pavo N. Relevance of Neutrophil Neprilysin in Heart Failure. Cells 2021; 10:2922. [PMID: 34831146 PMCID: PMC8616455 DOI: 10.3390/cells10112922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Significant expression of neprilysin (NEP) is found on neutrophils, which present the transmembrane integer form of the enzyme. This study aimed to investigate the relationship of neutrophil transmembrane neprilysin (mNEP) with disease severity, adverse remodeling, and outcome in HFrEF. In total, 228 HFrEF, 30 HFpEF patients, and 43 controls were enrolled. Neutrophil mNEP was measured by flow-cytometry. NEP activity in plasma and blood cells was determined for a subset of HFrEF patients using mass-spectrometry. Heart failure (HF) was characterized by reduced neutrophil mNEP compared to controls (p < 0.01). NEP activity on peripheral blood cells was almost 4-fold higher compared to plasma NEP activity (p = 0.031) and correlated with neutrophil mNEP (p = 0.006). Lower neutrophil mNEP was associated with increasing disease severity and markers of adverse remodeling. Higher neutrophil mNEP was associated with reduced risk for mortality, total cardiovascular hospitalizations, and the composite endpoint of both (p < 0.01 for all). This is the first report describing a significant role of neutrophil mNEP in HFrEF. The biological relevance of neutrophil mNEP and exact effects of angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors (ARNi) at the neutrophil site have to be determined. However, the results may suggest early initiation of ARNi already in less severe HF disease, where effects of NEP inhibition may be more pronounced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suriya Prausmüller
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (S.P.); (G.S.); (H.A.); (S.S.); (R.R.); (P.E.B.); (G.G.); (J.M.); (D.B.); (C.H.); (N.P.)
| | - Georg Spinka
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (S.P.); (G.S.); (H.A.); (S.S.); (R.R.); (P.E.B.); (G.G.); (J.M.); (D.B.); (C.H.); (N.P.)
| | - Henrike Arfsten
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (S.P.); (G.S.); (H.A.); (S.S.); (R.R.); (P.E.B.); (G.G.); (J.M.); (D.B.); (C.H.); (N.P.)
| | - Stefanie Stasek
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (S.P.); (G.S.); (H.A.); (S.S.); (R.R.); (P.E.B.); (G.G.); (J.M.); (D.B.); (C.H.); (N.P.)
| | - Rene Rettl
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (S.P.); (G.S.); (H.A.); (S.S.); (R.R.); (P.E.B.); (G.G.); (J.M.); (D.B.); (C.H.); (N.P.)
| | - Philipp Emanuel Bartko
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (S.P.); (G.S.); (H.A.); (S.S.); (R.R.); (P.E.B.); (G.G.); (J.M.); (D.B.); (C.H.); (N.P.)
| | - Georg Goliasch
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (S.P.); (G.S.); (H.A.); (S.S.); (R.R.); (P.E.B.); (G.G.); (J.M.); (D.B.); (C.H.); (N.P.)
| | - Guido Strunk
- Department of Entrepreneurship and Economic Education, Faculty of Business and Economics, Technical University Dortmund, 44227 Dortmund, Germany;
| | - Julia Riebandt
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Julia Mascherbauer
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (S.P.); (G.S.); (H.A.); (S.S.); (R.R.); (P.E.B.); (G.G.); (J.M.); (D.B.); (C.H.); (N.P.)
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Cardiology, Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, University Hospital St. Pölten, 3500 Krems, Austria
| | - Diana Bonderman
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (S.P.); (G.S.); (H.A.); (S.S.); (R.R.); (P.E.B.); (G.G.); (J.M.); (D.B.); (C.H.); (N.P.)
- Department of Internal Medicine V, Division of Cardiology, Clinic Favoriten, 1100 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Hengstenberg
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (S.P.); (G.S.); (H.A.); (S.S.); (R.R.); (P.E.B.); (G.G.); (J.M.); (D.B.); (C.H.); (N.P.)
| | - Martin Hülsmann
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (S.P.); (G.S.); (H.A.); (S.S.); (R.R.); (P.E.B.); (G.G.); (J.M.); (D.B.); (C.H.); (N.P.)
| | - Noemi Pavo
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (S.P.); (G.S.); (H.A.); (S.S.); (R.R.); (P.E.B.); (G.G.); (J.M.); (D.B.); (C.H.); (N.P.)
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Pavo N, Prausmüller S, Bartko PE, Goliasch G, Hülsmann M. Neprilysin as a Biomarker: Challenges and Opportunities. Card Fail Rev 2020; 6:e23. [PMID: 32944293 PMCID: PMC7479538 DOI: 10.15420/cfr.2019.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Neprilysin (NEP) inhibition is a successful novel therapeutic approach in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. Assessing individual NEP status might be important for gathering insights into mechanisms of disease and optimising individualised patient care. NEP is a zinc-dependent multisubstrate-metabolising oligoendopeptidase localised in the plasma membrane with the catalytic site facing the extracellular space. Although NEP activity in vivo is predominantly tissue-based, NEP can be released into the circulation via ectodomain shedding and exosomes. Attempts to determine circulating NEP concentrations and activity have not yet resulted in convincingly coherent results relating NEP biomarkers to heart failure disease severity or outcomes. NEP is naturally expressed on neutrophils, opening up the possibility of measuring a membrane-associated form with integrity. Small studies have linked NEP expression on neutrophils with inflammatory state and initial data might indicate its role in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. Future studies need to assess the regulation of systemic NEP activity, which is assumed to be tissue-based, and the relationship of NEP activation with disease state. The relationship between tissue NEP activity and easily accessible circulating NEP biomarkers and the impact of the latter remains to be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noemi Pavo
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna Vienna, Austria
| | - Suriya Prausmüller
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna Vienna, Austria
| | - Philipp E Bartko
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna Vienna, Austria
| | - Georg Goliasch
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Hülsmann
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna Vienna, Austria
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Neutrophil-Initiated Myocardial Inflammation and Its Modulation by B-Type Natriuretic Peptide: A Potential Therapeutic Target. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 20:ijms20010129. [PMID: 30602672 PMCID: PMC6337677 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20010129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of neutrophils is a critically important component of the innate immune response to bacterial and chemical stimuli, and culminates in the “neutrophil burst”, which facilitates neutrophil phagocytosis via the release of superoxide anion radical (O2−) from NADPH oxidase. Excessive and/or prolonged neutrophil activation results in substantial tissue injury and increases in vascular permeability—resulting in sustained tissue infiltration with neutrophils and monocytes, and persistent vasomotor dysfunction. Cardiovascular examples of such changes include acute and chronic systolic and diastolic heart failure (“heart failure with preserved ejection fraction”), and the catecholamine-induced inflammatory disorder takotsubo syndrome. We have recently demonstrated that B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), acting via inhibition of activation of neutrophil NADPH oxidase, is an important negative modulator of the “neutrophil burst”, though its effectiveness in limiting tissue injury is partially lost in acute heart failure. The potential therapeutic implications of these findings, regarding the development of new means of treating both acute and chronic cardiac injury states, are discussed.
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Suzuki S, Sugiyama S. The Molar Ratio of N-terminal pro-B-type Natriuretic Peptide/B-type Natriuretic Peptide for Heart Failure-related Events in Stable Outpatients with Cardiovascular Risk Factors. Intern Med 2018; 57:2621-2630. [PMID: 29709934 PMCID: PMC6191579 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.0471-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) should be secreted from cardiomyocytes in response to increased myocardial wall stress in a molar ratio of 1.00; however, the calculated molar blood levels of NT-proBNP are often greater than those of BNP in routine clinical practice. The purpose of this study was to investigate the hypothesis that the molar ratio of NT-proBNP/BNP provides useful clinical information in stable outpatients with cardiovascular risk factors. Methods We measured both the BNP and NT-proBNP levels simultaneously in 551 consecutive, stable outpatients with at least one cardiovascular risk factor and then calculated the molar ratio of NT-proBNP/BNP. All patients were prospectively followed-up for the occurrence of heart failure (HF)-related events. Results Of those patients, 38 patients had an HF-related event. A multivariate Cox hazards analysis showed that the log (molar ratio of NT-proBNP/BNP) was an independent predictor of future HF-related events (p=0.039). A Kaplan-Meier analysis showed a significantly higher probability of HF-related events in patients with a higher molar ratio of NT-proBNP/BNP (≥1.70) (p<0.001). The area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) for the molar ratio of NT-proBNP/BNP to predict HF-related events was 0.75 (p<0.001). The AUC of the ROC curve analysis with the molar ratio of NT-proBNP/BNP for the prediction of HF-related events was not significantly greater than that of BNP or NT-proBNP. Conclusion The molar ratio of NT-proBNP/BNP may be a significant prognostic factor for HF-related events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Suzuki
- Ozawa Clinic, Japan
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nishinihon Hospital, Japan
| | - Seigo Sugiyama
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Jinnouchi Hospital, Japan
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Nakagawa M, Naruko T, Sugioka K, Kitabayashi C, Shirai N, Takagi M, Yoshiyama M, Ohsawa M, Ueda M. Enhanced expression of natriuretic peptide receptor A and B in neutrophils of culprit lesions in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:3324-3330. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Abstract
cGMP controls many cellular functions ranging from growth, viability, and differentiation to contractility, secretion, and ion transport. The mammalian genome encodes seven transmembrane guanylyl cyclases (GCs), GC-A to GC-G, which mainly modulate submembrane cGMP microdomains. These GCs share a unique topology comprising an extracellular domain, a short transmembrane region, and an intracellular COOH-terminal catalytic (cGMP synthesizing) region. GC-A mediates the endocrine effects of atrial and B-type natriuretic peptides regulating arterial blood pressure/volume and energy balance. GC-B is activated by C-type natriuretic peptide, stimulating endochondral ossification in autocrine way. GC-C mediates the paracrine effects of guanylins on intestinal ion transport and epithelial turnover. GC-E and GC-F are expressed in photoreceptor cells of the retina, and their activation by intracellular Ca(2+)-regulated proteins is essential for vision. Finally, in the rodent system two olfactorial GCs, GC-D and GC-G, are activated by low concentrations of CO2and by peptidergic (guanylins) and nonpeptidergic odorants as well as by coolness, which has implications for social behaviors. In the past years advances in human and mouse genetics as well as the development of sensitive biosensors monitoring the spatiotemporal dynamics of cGMP in living cells have provided novel relevant information about this receptor family. This increased our understanding of the mechanisms of signal transduction, regulation, and (dys)function of the membrane GCs, clarified their relevance for genetic and acquired diseases and, importantly, has revealed novel targets for therapies. The present review aims to illustrate these different features of membrane GCs and the main open questions in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Kuhn
- Institute of Physiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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Chen W, Spitzl A, Mathes D, Nikolaev VO, Werner F, Weirather J, Špiranec K, Röck K, Fischer JW, Kämmerer U, Stegner D, Baba HA, Hofmann U, Frantz S, Kuhn M. Endothelial Actions of ANP Enhance Myocardial Inflammatory Infiltration in the Early Phase After Acute Infarction. Circ Res 2016; 119:237-48. [PMID: 27142162 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.115.307196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE In patients after acute myocardial infarction (AMI), the initial extent of necrosis and inflammation determine clinical outcome. One early event in AMI is the increased cardiac expression of atrial natriuretic peptide (NP) and B-type NP, with their plasma levels correlating with severity of ischemia. It was shown that NPs, via their cGMP-forming guanylyl cyclase-A (GC-A) receptor and cGMP-dependent kinase I (cGKI), strengthen systemic endothelial barrier properties in acute inflammation. OBJECTIVE We studied whether endothelial actions of local NPs modulate myocardial injury and early inflammation after AMI. METHODS AND RESULTS Necrosis and inflammation after experimental AMI were compared between control mice and littermates with endothelial-restricted inactivation of GC-A (knockout mice with endothelial GC-A deletion) or cGKI (knockout mice with endothelial cGKI deletion). Unexpectedly, myocardial infarct size and neutrophil infiltration/activity 2 days after AMI were attenuated in knockout mice with endothelial GC-A deletion and unaltered in knockout mice with endothelial cGKI deletion. Molecular studies revealed that hypoxia and tumor necrosis factor-α, conditions accompanying AMI, reduce the endothelial expression of cGKI and enhance cGMP-stimulated phosphodiesterase 2A (PDE2A) levels. Real-time cAMP measurements in endothelial microdomains using a novel fluorescence resonance energy transfer biosensor revealed that PDE2 mediates NP/cGMP-driven decreases of submembrane cAMP levels. Finally, intravital microscopy studies of the mouse cremaster microcirculation showed that tumor necrosis factor-α-induced endothelial NP/GC-A/cGMP/PDE2 signaling impairs endothelial barrier functions. CONCLUSIONS Hypoxia and cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-α, modify the endothelial postreceptor signaling pathways of NPs, with downregulation of cGKI, induction of PDE2A, and altered cGMP/cAMP cross talk. Increased expression of PDE2 can mediate hyperpermeability effects of paracrine endothelial NP/GC-A/cGMP signaling and facilitate neutrophil extravasation during the early phase after MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Chen
- From the Institute of Physiology (W.C., A.S., F.W., K.Š., M.K.), Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (D.M., J.W., U.H., S.F., M.K.), and Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Rudolf Virchow Center for Experimental Biomedicine (D.S.), University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Institute of Experimental Cardiovascular Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (V.O.N.); Institut für Pharmakologie und Klinische Pharmakologie und CARID, Universitätsklinikum der Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany (K.R., J.W.F.); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (U.K.); Institute of Pathology, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany (H.A.B.); and Universitätsklinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin III, Universitätsklinikum Halle (Saale), Halle (Saale), Germany (U.H., S.F.)
| | - Annett Spitzl
- From the Institute of Physiology (W.C., A.S., F.W., K.Š., M.K.), Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (D.M., J.W., U.H., S.F., M.K.), and Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Rudolf Virchow Center for Experimental Biomedicine (D.S.), University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Institute of Experimental Cardiovascular Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (V.O.N.); Institut für Pharmakologie und Klinische Pharmakologie und CARID, Universitätsklinikum der Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany (K.R., J.W.F.); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (U.K.); Institute of Pathology, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany (H.A.B.); and Universitätsklinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin III, Universitätsklinikum Halle (Saale), Halle (Saale), Germany (U.H., S.F.)
| | - Denise Mathes
- From the Institute of Physiology (W.C., A.S., F.W., K.Š., M.K.), Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (D.M., J.W., U.H., S.F., M.K.), and Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Rudolf Virchow Center for Experimental Biomedicine (D.S.), University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Institute of Experimental Cardiovascular Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (V.O.N.); Institut für Pharmakologie und Klinische Pharmakologie und CARID, Universitätsklinikum der Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany (K.R., J.W.F.); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (U.K.); Institute of Pathology, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany (H.A.B.); and Universitätsklinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin III, Universitätsklinikum Halle (Saale), Halle (Saale), Germany (U.H., S.F.)
| | - Viacheslav O Nikolaev
- From the Institute of Physiology (W.C., A.S., F.W., K.Š., M.K.), Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (D.M., J.W., U.H., S.F., M.K.), and Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Rudolf Virchow Center for Experimental Biomedicine (D.S.), University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Institute of Experimental Cardiovascular Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (V.O.N.); Institut für Pharmakologie und Klinische Pharmakologie und CARID, Universitätsklinikum der Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany (K.R., J.W.F.); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (U.K.); Institute of Pathology, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany (H.A.B.); and Universitätsklinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin III, Universitätsklinikum Halle (Saale), Halle (Saale), Germany (U.H., S.F.)
| | - Franziska Werner
- From the Institute of Physiology (W.C., A.S., F.W., K.Š., M.K.), Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (D.M., J.W., U.H., S.F., M.K.), and Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Rudolf Virchow Center for Experimental Biomedicine (D.S.), University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Institute of Experimental Cardiovascular Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (V.O.N.); Institut für Pharmakologie und Klinische Pharmakologie und CARID, Universitätsklinikum der Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany (K.R., J.W.F.); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (U.K.); Institute of Pathology, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany (H.A.B.); and Universitätsklinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin III, Universitätsklinikum Halle (Saale), Halle (Saale), Germany (U.H., S.F.)
| | - Johannes Weirather
- From the Institute of Physiology (W.C., A.S., F.W., K.Š., M.K.), Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (D.M., J.W., U.H., S.F., M.K.), and Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Rudolf Virchow Center for Experimental Biomedicine (D.S.), University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Institute of Experimental Cardiovascular Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (V.O.N.); Institut für Pharmakologie und Klinische Pharmakologie und CARID, Universitätsklinikum der Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany (K.R., J.W.F.); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (U.K.); Institute of Pathology, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany (H.A.B.); and Universitätsklinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin III, Universitätsklinikum Halle (Saale), Halle (Saale), Germany (U.H., S.F.)
| | - Katarina Špiranec
- From the Institute of Physiology (W.C., A.S., F.W., K.Š., M.K.), Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (D.M., J.W., U.H., S.F., M.K.), and Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Rudolf Virchow Center for Experimental Biomedicine (D.S.), University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Institute of Experimental Cardiovascular Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (V.O.N.); Institut für Pharmakologie und Klinische Pharmakologie und CARID, Universitätsklinikum der Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany (K.R., J.W.F.); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (U.K.); Institute of Pathology, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany (H.A.B.); and Universitätsklinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin III, Universitätsklinikum Halle (Saale), Halle (Saale), Germany (U.H., S.F.)
| | - Katharina Röck
- From the Institute of Physiology (W.C., A.S., F.W., K.Š., M.K.), Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (D.M., J.W., U.H., S.F., M.K.), and Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Rudolf Virchow Center for Experimental Biomedicine (D.S.), University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Institute of Experimental Cardiovascular Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (V.O.N.); Institut für Pharmakologie und Klinische Pharmakologie und CARID, Universitätsklinikum der Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany (K.R., J.W.F.); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (U.K.); Institute of Pathology, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany (H.A.B.); and Universitätsklinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin III, Universitätsklinikum Halle (Saale), Halle (Saale), Germany (U.H., S.F.)
| | - Jens W Fischer
- From the Institute of Physiology (W.C., A.S., F.W., K.Š., M.K.), Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (D.M., J.W., U.H., S.F., M.K.), and Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Rudolf Virchow Center for Experimental Biomedicine (D.S.), University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Institute of Experimental Cardiovascular Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (V.O.N.); Institut für Pharmakologie und Klinische Pharmakologie und CARID, Universitätsklinikum der Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany (K.R., J.W.F.); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (U.K.); Institute of Pathology, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany (H.A.B.); and Universitätsklinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin III, Universitätsklinikum Halle (Saale), Halle (Saale), Germany (U.H., S.F.)
| | - Ulrike Kämmerer
- From the Institute of Physiology (W.C., A.S., F.W., K.Š., M.K.), Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (D.M., J.W., U.H., S.F., M.K.), and Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Rudolf Virchow Center for Experimental Biomedicine (D.S.), University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Institute of Experimental Cardiovascular Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (V.O.N.); Institut für Pharmakologie und Klinische Pharmakologie und CARID, Universitätsklinikum der Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany (K.R., J.W.F.); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (U.K.); Institute of Pathology, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany (H.A.B.); and Universitätsklinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin III, Universitätsklinikum Halle (Saale), Halle (Saale), Germany (U.H., S.F.)
| | - David Stegner
- From the Institute of Physiology (W.C., A.S., F.W., K.Š., M.K.), Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (D.M., J.W., U.H., S.F., M.K.), and Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Rudolf Virchow Center for Experimental Biomedicine (D.S.), University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Institute of Experimental Cardiovascular Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (V.O.N.); Institut für Pharmakologie und Klinische Pharmakologie und CARID, Universitätsklinikum der Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany (K.R., J.W.F.); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (U.K.); Institute of Pathology, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany (H.A.B.); and Universitätsklinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin III, Universitätsklinikum Halle (Saale), Halle (Saale), Germany (U.H., S.F.)
| | - Hideo A Baba
- From the Institute of Physiology (W.C., A.S., F.W., K.Š., M.K.), Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (D.M., J.W., U.H., S.F., M.K.), and Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Rudolf Virchow Center for Experimental Biomedicine (D.S.), University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Institute of Experimental Cardiovascular Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (V.O.N.); Institut für Pharmakologie und Klinische Pharmakologie und CARID, Universitätsklinikum der Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany (K.R., J.W.F.); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (U.K.); Institute of Pathology, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany (H.A.B.); and Universitätsklinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin III, Universitätsklinikum Halle (Saale), Halle (Saale), Germany (U.H., S.F.)
| | - Ulrich Hofmann
- From the Institute of Physiology (W.C., A.S., F.W., K.Š., M.K.), Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (D.M., J.W., U.H., S.F., M.K.), and Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Rudolf Virchow Center for Experimental Biomedicine (D.S.), University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Institute of Experimental Cardiovascular Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (V.O.N.); Institut für Pharmakologie und Klinische Pharmakologie und CARID, Universitätsklinikum der Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany (K.R., J.W.F.); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (U.K.); Institute of Pathology, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany (H.A.B.); and Universitätsklinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin III, Universitätsklinikum Halle (Saale), Halle (Saale), Germany (U.H., S.F.)
| | - Stefan Frantz
- From the Institute of Physiology (W.C., A.S., F.W., K.Š., M.K.), Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (D.M., J.W., U.H., S.F., M.K.), and Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Rudolf Virchow Center for Experimental Biomedicine (D.S.), University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Institute of Experimental Cardiovascular Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (V.O.N.); Institut für Pharmakologie und Klinische Pharmakologie und CARID, Universitätsklinikum der Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany (K.R., J.W.F.); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (U.K.); Institute of Pathology, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany (H.A.B.); and Universitätsklinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin III, Universitätsklinikum Halle (Saale), Halle (Saale), Germany (U.H., S.F.)
| | - Michaela Kuhn
- From the Institute of Physiology (W.C., A.S., F.W., K.Š., M.K.), Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (D.M., J.W., U.H., S.F., M.K.), and Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Rudolf Virchow Center for Experimental Biomedicine (D.S.), University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Institute of Experimental Cardiovascular Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (V.O.N.); Institut für Pharmakologie und Klinische Pharmakologie und CARID, Universitätsklinikum der Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany (K.R., J.W.F.); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (U.K.); Institute of Pathology, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany (H.A.B.); and Universitätsklinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin III, Universitätsklinikum Halle (Saale), Halle (Saale), Germany (U.H., S.F.).
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10
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Liu S, Ngo DTM, Stewart S, Horowitz JD, Chirkov YY. B-Type natriuretic peptide suppression of neutrophil superoxide generation: mechanistic studies in normal subjects. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2015; 41:739-43. [PMID: 25115801 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Revised: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Many acute cardiovascular disease states are associated with neutrophil infiltration of myocardium and subsequent release of superoxide (O2 (-) ) and myeloperoxidase (MPO), which contribute to inflammatory reactions. B-Type natriuretic peptide (BNP) is known to exert anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic effects, but it is not known whether these may include interactions with neutrophils. In neutrophils isolated from 20 healthy subjects, we assessed the effect of BNP on the 'neutrophil burst' (O2 (-) production and MPO release) stimulated by phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) and N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP), respectively. Effects of BNP on cGMP accumulation, and the effects of the cell-permeable cGMP analogue 8-(4-chlorophenylthio) guanosine-cGMP (8-p-CPT-cGMP) and protein kinase G (PKG) inhibition with KT5823 on the neutrophil-BNP interaction were also evaluated. B-Type natriuretic peptide suppressed O2 (-) release from neutrophils by 23 ± 6% (P < 0.001) and 24 ± 8% (P < 0.05) following PMA and fMLP stimulation, respectively. Although BNP did not significantly increase cGMP formation, 8-p-CPT-cGMP suppressed both PMA- and fMLP-induced neutrophil O2 (-) release by 16% and 28%, respectively (P < 0.05). The PKG inhibitor KT5823 attenuated the effects of BNP on both fMLP- and PMA-associated O2 (-) production. Neither BNP nor 8-p-CPT-cGMP significantly affected MPO release from neutrophils. Suppression of O2 (-) release from neutrophils by BNP may contribute to its anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saifei Liu
- Cardiology Unit, Basil Hetzel Institute, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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11
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Mitaka C, Si MKH, Tulafu M, Yu Q, Uchida T, Abe S, Kitagawa M, Ikeda S, Eishi Y, Tomita M. Effects of atrial natriuretic peptide on inter-organ crosstalk among the kidney, lung, and heart in a rat model of renal ischemia-reperfusion injury. Intensive Care Med Exp 2014; 2:28. [PMID: 26266925 PMCID: PMC4513012 DOI: 10.1186/s40635-014-0028-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is a common cause of acute kidney injury and a frequent occurrence in critically ill patients. Renal IRI releases proinflammatory cytokines within the kidney that induce crosstalk between the kidney and other organ systems. Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) has anti-inflammatory as well as natriuretic effects and serves important functions as a regulator of blood pressure, fluid homeostasis, and inflammation. The objective of the present study was to elucidate whether ANP post-treatment attenuates kidney-lung-heart crosstalk in a rat model of renal IRI. Methods In experiment I, a rat model of unilateral renal IRI with mechanical ventilation was prepared by clamping the left renal pedicle for 30 min. Five minutes after clamping, saline or ANP (0.2 μg/kg/min) was infused. The hemodynamics, arterial blood gases, and plasma concentrations of lactate and potassium were measured at baseline and at 1, 2, and 3 h after declamping. The mRNA expression and localization of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6 in the kidney, lung, and heart were examined. In experiment II, a rat model of bilateral renal IRI without mechanical ventilation was prepared by clamping bilateral renal pedicles for 30 min. Thirty minutes after clamping, lactated Ringer's (LR) solution or ANP (0.2 μg/kg/min) was infused. Plasma concentrations of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β were determined at baseline and at 3 h after declamping. Results In unilateral IRI rats with mechanical ventilation, ANP inhibited the following changes induced by IRI: metabolic acidosis; pulmonary edema; increases in lactate, creatinine, and potassium; and increases in the mRNA expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in the kidney and lung and IL-1β and IL-6 in the heart. It also attenuated the histological localization of TNF-α, IL-6, and nuclear factor (NF)-κB in the kidney and lung. In bilateral IRI rats without mechanical ventilation, ANP attenuated the IRI-induced increases of the plasma concentrations of potassium, IL-1β, and IL-6. Conclusions Renal IRI induced injury in remote organs including the lung and the contralateral kidney. ANP post-treatment ameliorated injuries in these organs by direct tissue protective effect and anti-inflammatory effects, which potentially inhibited inter-organ crosstalk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chieko Mitaka
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan,
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12
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Czerwińska ME, Kiss AK, Naruszewicz M. Inhibition of human neutrophils NEP activity, CD11b/CD18 expression and elastase release by 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethanol-elenolic acid dialdehyde, oleacein. Food Chem 2014; 153:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2013] [Revised: 11/07/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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13
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Zhang J, Zhao Z, Zu C, Hu H, Shen H, Zhang M, Wang J. Atrial natriuretic peptide modulates the proliferation of human gastric cancer cells via KCNQ1 expression. Oncol Lett 2013; 6:407-414. [PMID: 24137337 PMCID: PMC3789098 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2013.1425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2012] [Accepted: 05/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and brain NP (BNP) belong to the NP family that regulates mammalian blood volume and blood pressure. ANP signaling through NP receptor A (NPR-A)/cyclic guanosine 3′5′-monophosphate (cGMP)/ cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG) activates various downstream effectors involved in cell growth, apoptosis, proliferation and inflammation. Evidence has shown the critical role of plasma K+ channels in the regulation of tumor cell proliferation. However, the role of ANP in the proliferation of gastric cancer cells is not clear. In the present study, the expression of NPR-A in the human gastric cancer cell line, AGS, and the effect of ANP on the proliferation of AGS cells were investigated using western blotting, immunofluorescence, qPCR and patch clamp assays. The K+ current was also analyzed in the effect of ANP on the proliferation of AGS cells. NPR-A was expressed in the human gastric cancer AGS cell line. Lower concentrations of ANP promoted the proliferation of the AGS cells, although higher concentrations decreased their proliferation. Significant increases in the levels of cGMP activity were observed in the AGS cells treated with 10−10, 10−9 and 10−8 M ANP compared with the controls, but no significant differences were observed in the 10−7 and 10−6 M ANP groups. The patch clamp results showed that 10−9 M ANP significantly increased the tetraethylammonium (TEA)- and 293B-sensitive K+ current, while 10−6 M ANP significantly decreased the TEA- and 293B-sensitive K+ current. The results showed that 10−10 and 10−9 M ANP significantly upregulated the expression of potassium voltage-gated channel, KQT-like subfamily, member 1 (KCNQ1) at the protein and mRNA levels, although 10−7 and 10−6 M ANP significantly downregulated the expression of KCNQ1. The data indicated that lower and higher concentrations of ANP have opposite effects on the proliferation of AGS cells through cGMP-dependent or -independent pathways. KCNQ1 upregulation and downregulation by lower and higher concentrations of ANP, respectively, have separate effects on the promotion and inhibition of proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Zhang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
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14
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Kiss AK, Kapłon-Cieślicka A, Filipiak KJ, Opolski G, Naruszewicz M. Ex vivo effects of an Oenothera paradoxa extract on the reactive oxygen species generation and neutral endopeptidase activity in neutrophils from patients after acute myocardial infarction. Phytother Res 2011; 26:482-7. [PMID: 22488795 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.3585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2010] [Revised: 05/05/2011] [Accepted: 05/11/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS) is considered to play an important part in the aetiology of coronary heart disease. Apart from ROS, neutrophils are a source of neutral endopeptidase (NEP) that inactivates protective natriuretic peptides. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the in vitro ROS generation and inhibition of NEP activity in neutrophils obtained from healthy volunteers and from patients after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) by an aqueous extract of Oenothera paradoxa. Neutrophils isolated from AMI patients showed two-fold higher ROS generation compared with cells from healthy donors, especially in the lucigenin-enhanced luminescence model, which suggests intensive O₂⁻ generation. The addition of O. paradoxa extract at concentrations of 0.2, 2 and 20 µg/mL resulted in a significant reduction in ROS generation. The extracellular NEP activity was higher in patients after AMI compared with healthy individuals (15.0 ± 0.9 versus 10.3 ± 0.5 nmol AMC/10(6) cells/60 min; p = 0.001). The addition of O. paradoxa extract at concentrations of 20, 50 and 100 µg/mL resulted in a significant reduction in NEP activity in both groups. O. paradoxa extract appears to be an interesting candidate for supplementation in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna K Kiss
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Molecular Basis of Phytotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
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15
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Walsh SK, Kane KA, Wainwright CL. Mast cells, peptides and cardioprotection - an unlikely marriage? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 29:73-84. [PMID: 19566747 DOI: 10.1111/j.1474-8673.2009.00436.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
1 Mast cells have classically been regarded as the 'bad guys' in the setting of acute myocardial ischaemia, where their released contents are believed to contribute both to tissue injury and electrical disturbances resulting from ischaemia. Recent evidence suggests, however, that if mast cell degranulation occurs in advance of ischaemia onset, this may be cardioprotective by virtue of the depletion of mast cell contents that can no longer act as instruments of injury when the tissue becomes ischaemic. 2 Many peptides, such as ET-1, adrenomedullin, relaxin and atrial natriuretic peptide, have been demonstrated to be cardioprotective when given prior to the onset of myocardial ischaemia, although their physiological functions are varied and the mechanisms of their cardioprotective actions appear to be diverse and often ill defined. However, one common denominator that is emerging is the ability of these peptides to modulate mast cell degranulation, raising the possibility that peptide-induced mast cell degranulation or stabilization may hold the key to a common mechanism of their cardioprotection. 3 The aim of this review was to consolidate the evidence implying that mast cell degranulation could play both a detrimental and protective role in myocardial ischaemia, depending upon when it occurs, and that this may underlie the cardioprotective effects of a range of diverse peptides that exerts physiological effects within the cardiovascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Walsh
- Anu Research Centre, Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, University College Cork, Cork University Maternity Hospital, Cork, Ireland
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16
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Stretch-activated non-selective cation channel: A causal link between mechanical stretch and atrial natriuretic peptide secretion. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2008; 98:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2008.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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17
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Venugopal J. Cardiac natriuretic peptides - hope or hype? J Clin Pharm Ther 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2710.2001.00322.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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18
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Fujioka D, Saito Y, Kobayashi T, Yano T, Tezuka H, Ishimoto Y, Suzuki N, Yokota Y, Nakamura T, Obata JE, Kanazawa M, Kawabata KI, Hanasaki K, Kugiyama K. Reduction in Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Group X Secretory Phospholipase A
2
–Deficient Mice. Circulation 2008; 117:2977-85. [DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.107.743997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background—
Group X secretory phospholipase A
2
(sPLA
2
-X) has the most potent hydrolyzing activity toward phosphatidylcholine and elicits a marked release of arachidonic acid among several types of sPLA
2
. sPLA
2
-X is expressed in neutrophils, but its pathogenic role remains unclear.
Methods and Results—
We generated mice that lack sPLA
2
-X and studied their response to myocardial ischemia/reperfusion. The sPLA
2
-X
−/−
mice had a significant reduction in myocardial infarct size and a decrease in myocardial myeloperoxidase activity compared with sPLA
2
-X
+/+
mice. Myocardial infarct size was also significantly reduced in lethally irradiated sPLA
2
-X
+/+
mice reconstituted with sPLA
2
-X
−/−
bone marrow compared with sPLA
2
-X
+/+
bone marrow. The extent of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury was comparable between sPLA
2
-X
−/−
and sPLA
2
-X
+/+
mice in Langendorff experiments using isolated hearts and blood-free perfusion buffer, supporting a potential role of sPLA
2
-X in blood in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. In the infarcted myocardium of sPLA
2
-X
+/+
mice, sPLA
2
-X was released from neutrophils but not myocardial tissues and platelets and was undetectable in the peripheral serum. The sPLA
2
-X
−/−
mice had lower accumulation of neutrophils in ischemic myocardium, and the isolated sPLA
2
-X
−/−
neutrophils had lower release of arachidonic acid and attenuated cytotoxic activities including respiratory burst compared with sPLA
2
-X
+/+
neutrophils. The attenuated functions of sPLA
2
-X
−/−
neutrophils were reversible by the exogenous addition of sPLA
2
-X protein. Furthermore, administration of a sPLA
2
inhibitor reduced myocardial infarct size and suppressed the cytotoxic activity of sPLA
2
-X
+/+
neutrophils.
Conclusions—
Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury was attenuated in sPLA
2
-X
−/−
mice partly through the suppression of neutrophil cytotoxic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Fujioka
- From the Department of Internal Medicine II (D.F., Y.S., T.K., T.Y., T.N., J.O., M.K., K. Kawabata, K. Kugiyama) and Laboratory Animal Support Section (H.T.), Center for Life Science Research, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi; and Shionogi Research Laboratories, Shionogi and Co Ltd, Osaka (Y.I., N.S., Y.Y., K.H.), Japan
| | - Yukio Saito
- From the Department of Internal Medicine II (D.F., Y.S., T.K., T.Y., T.N., J.O., M.K., K. Kawabata, K. Kugiyama) and Laboratory Animal Support Section (H.T.), Center for Life Science Research, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi; and Shionogi Research Laboratories, Shionogi and Co Ltd, Osaka (Y.I., N.S., Y.Y., K.H.), Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Kobayashi
- From the Department of Internal Medicine II (D.F., Y.S., T.K., T.Y., T.N., J.O., M.K., K. Kawabata, K. Kugiyama) and Laboratory Animal Support Section (H.T.), Center for Life Science Research, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi; and Shionogi Research Laboratories, Shionogi and Co Ltd, Osaka (Y.I., N.S., Y.Y., K.H.), Japan
| | - Toshiaki Yano
- From the Department of Internal Medicine II (D.F., Y.S., T.K., T.Y., T.N., J.O., M.K., K. Kawabata, K. Kugiyama) and Laboratory Animal Support Section (H.T.), Center for Life Science Research, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi; and Shionogi Research Laboratories, Shionogi and Co Ltd, Osaka (Y.I., N.S., Y.Y., K.H.), Japan
| | - Hideo Tezuka
- From the Department of Internal Medicine II (D.F., Y.S., T.K., T.Y., T.N., J.O., M.K., K. Kawabata, K. Kugiyama) and Laboratory Animal Support Section (H.T.), Center for Life Science Research, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi; and Shionogi Research Laboratories, Shionogi and Co Ltd, Osaka (Y.I., N.S., Y.Y., K.H.), Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Ishimoto
- From the Department of Internal Medicine II (D.F., Y.S., T.K., T.Y., T.N., J.O., M.K., K. Kawabata, K. Kugiyama) and Laboratory Animal Support Section (H.T.), Center for Life Science Research, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi; and Shionogi Research Laboratories, Shionogi and Co Ltd, Osaka (Y.I., N.S., Y.Y., K.H.), Japan
| | - Noriko Suzuki
- From the Department of Internal Medicine II (D.F., Y.S., T.K., T.Y., T.N., J.O., M.K., K. Kawabata, K. Kugiyama) and Laboratory Animal Support Section (H.T.), Center for Life Science Research, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi; and Shionogi Research Laboratories, Shionogi and Co Ltd, Osaka (Y.I., N.S., Y.Y., K.H.), Japan
| | - Yasunori Yokota
- From the Department of Internal Medicine II (D.F., Y.S., T.K., T.Y., T.N., J.O., M.K., K. Kawabata, K. Kugiyama) and Laboratory Animal Support Section (H.T.), Center for Life Science Research, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi; and Shionogi Research Laboratories, Shionogi and Co Ltd, Osaka (Y.I., N.S., Y.Y., K.H.), Japan
| | - Takamitsu Nakamura
- From the Department of Internal Medicine II (D.F., Y.S., T.K., T.Y., T.N., J.O., M.K., K. Kawabata, K. Kugiyama) and Laboratory Animal Support Section (H.T.), Center for Life Science Research, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi; and Shionogi Research Laboratories, Shionogi and Co Ltd, Osaka (Y.I., N.S., Y.Y., K.H.), Japan
| | - Jyun-ei Obata
- From the Department of Internal Medicine II (D.F., Y.S., T.K., T.Y., T.N., J.O., M.K., K. Kawabata, K. Kugiyama) and Laboratory Animal Support Section (H.T.), Center for Life Science Research, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi; and Shionogi Research Laboratories, Shionogi and Co Ltd, Osaka (Y.I., N.S., Y.Y., K.H.), Japan
| | - Masaki Kanazawa
- From the Department of Internal Medicine II (D.F., Y.S., T.K., T.Y., T.N., J.O., M.K., K. Kawabata, K. Kugiyama) and Laboratory Animal Support Section (H.T.), Center for Life Science Research, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi; and Shionogi Research Laboratories, Shionogi and Co Ltd, Osaka (Y.I., N.S., Y.Y., K.H.), Japan
| | - Ken-ichi Kawabata
- From the Department of Internal Medicine II (D.F., Y.S., T.K., T.Y., T.N., J.O., M.K., K. Kawabata, K. Kugiyama) and Laboratory Animal Support Section (H.T.), Center for Life Science Research, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi; and Shionogi Research Laboratories, Shionogi and Co Ltd, Osaka (Y.I., N.S., Y.Y., K.H.), Japan
| | - Kohji Hanasaki
- From the Department of Internal Medicine II (D.F., Y.S., T.K., T.Y., T.N., J.O., M.K., K. Kawabata, K. Kugiyama) and Laboratory Animal Support Section (H.T.), Center for Life Science Research, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi; and Shionogi Research Laboratories, Shionogi and Co Ltd, Osaka (Y.I., N.S., Y.Y., K.H.), Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Kugiyama
- From the Department of Internal Medicine II (D.F., Y.S., T.K., T.Y., T.N., J.O., M.K., K. Kawabata, K. Kugiyama) and Laboratory Animal Support Section (H.T.), Center for Life Science Research, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi; and Shionogi Research Laboratories, Shionogi and Co Ltd, Osaka (Y.I., N.S., Y.Y., K.H.), Japan
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Kasama S, Furuya M, Toyama T, Ichikawa S, Kurabayashi M. Effect of atrial natriuretic peptide on left ventricular remodelling in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Eur Heart J 2008; 29:1485-94. [PMID: 18490430 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehn206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) is a member of the natriuretic peptide family that exerts various biological effects via acting on the receptor-guanylyl cyclase system, increasing the content of intracellular cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP). ANP was first identified as a diuretic/natriuretic and vasodilating hormone, but subsequent studies revealed that ANP has a very important function in the inhibition of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), endothelin synthesis, and sympathetic nerve activity. Evidence is also accumulating from recent work that ANP exerts its cardioprotective functions not only as a circulating hormone but also as a local autocrine and/or paracrine factor. ANP inhibits apoptosis and hypertrophy of cardiac myocytes, and inhibits proliferation and fibrosis of cardiac fibroblasts. Reperfusion of the ischaemic myocardium by percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) reduces the infarct size and improves left ventricular (LV) function in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). However, the benefits of PCI in AMI are limited by reperfusion injury. Animal studies have shown that ANP inhibits ischaemia/reperfusion injury, and reduces infarct size. We and others have recently shown that the intravenous administration of ANP inhibits RAAS, sympathetic nerve activity and reperfusion injury, prevents LV remodelling, and improves LV function in patients with AMI. ANP has a variety of cardioprotective effects and is considered to be a very promising adjunct drug for the reperfusion therapy in patients with AMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Kasama
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Gunma University School of Medicine, 3-39-15 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-0034, Japan.
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Hemodynamic and humoral effects of atrial natriuretic peptide on pulmonary circulation after cardiac surgery. Surg Today 2008; 38:395-8. [PMID: 18560960 DOI: 10.1007/s00595-007-3649-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2006] [Accepted: 04/13/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Human atrial natriuretic peptide (h-ANP) elicits biological effects such as natriuresis, diuresis, and vasodilation, and plays a role in regulating pulmonary circulation. We conducted this clinical study to define its role and elucidate its mechanisms. METHODS Twelve consecutive adult patients scheduled to undergo cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) were prospectively selected for this study. After the completion of surgery, h-ANP was infused from the right atrium through a Swan-Ganz (S-G) catheter. Blood samples for measurement of ANP and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), the second messenger of ANP, were drawn from the pulmonary artery (PA) through the S-G catheter and from the left atrium (LA) through the left atrial pressure line, before and after the infusion of h-ANP. Hemodynamic values were measured at the same time. RESULTS After the h-ANP infusion, the plasma levels of ANP were significantly lower in the LA than in the PA, whereas the plasma levels of cGMP were significantly higher in the LA than in the PA. The infusion of h-ANP decreased the mean PA pressure significantly, and the systolic PA pressure remarkably. CONCLUSION The infusion of h-ANP after cardiac surgery stimulates the secretion of cGMP from the pulmonary vascular bed and dilates the PA, thereby decreasing the PA pressure.
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Kato T, Muraski J, Chen Y, Tsujita Y, Wall J, Glembotski CC, Schaefer E, Beckerle M, Sussman MA. Atrial natriuretic peptide promotes cardiomyocyte survival by cGMP-dependent nuclear accumulation of zyxin and Akt. J Clin Invest 2005; 115:2716-30. [PMID: 16200208 PMCID: PMC1236670 DOI: 10.1172/jci24280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2004] [Accepted: 07/19/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This study delineates a mechanism for antiapoptotic signaling initiated by atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) stimulation leading to elevation of cGMP levels and subsequent nuclear accumulation of Akt kinase associated with zyxin, a cytoskeletal LIM-domain protein. Nuclear targeting of zyxin induces resistance to cell death coincident with nuclear accumulation of activated Akt. Nuclear translocation of zyxin triggered by cGMP also promotes nuclear Akt accumulation. Additional supportive evidence for nuclear accumulation of zyxin-enhancing cardiomyocyte survival includes the following: (a) promotion of zyxin nuclear localization by cardioprotective stimuli; (b) zyxin association with phospho-Akt473 induced by cardioprotective stimuli; and (c) recruitment of zyxin to the nucleus by activated nuclear-targeted Akt as well as recruitment of Akt by nuclear-targeted zyxin. Nuclear accumulation of zyxin requires both Akt activation and nuclear localization. Potentiation of cell survival is sensitive to stimulation intensity with high-level induction by ANP or cGMP signaling leading to apoptotic cell death rather than enhancing resistance to apoptotic stimuli. Myocardial nuclear accumulation of zyxin and Akt responds similarly in vivo following treatment of mice with ANP or cGMP. Thus, zyxin and activated Akt participate in a cGMP-dependent signaling cascade leading from ANP receptors to nuclear accumulation of both molecules. Nuclear accumulation of zyxin and activated Akt may represent a fundamental mechanism that facilitates nuclear-signal transduction and potentiates cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Kato
- San Diego State University Heart Institute, Department of Biology, San Diego, California 92182, USA
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22
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Campese VM, Nadim MK. Natriuretic Peptides. Hypertension 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-7216-0258-5.50108-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Kuhn M. Structure, Regulation, and Function of Mammalian Membrane Guanylyl Cyclase Receptors, With a Focus on Guanylyl Cyclase-A. Circ Res 2003; 93:700-9. [PMID: 14563709 DOI: 10.1161/01.res.0000094745.28948.4d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Besides soluble guanylyl cyclase (GC), the receptor for NO, there are at least seven plasma membrane enzymes that synthesize the second-messenger cGMP. All membrane GCs (GC-A through GC-G) share a basic topology, which consists of an extracellular ligand binding domain, a short transmembrane region, and an intracellular domain that contains the catalytic (GC) region. Although the presence of the extracellular domain suggests that all these enzymes function as receptors, specific ligands have been identified for only three of them (GC-A through GC-C). GC-A mediates the endocrine effects of atrial and B-type natriuretic peptides regulating arterial blood pressure and volume homeostasis and also local antihypertrophic actions in the heart. GC-B is a specific receptor for C-type natriuretic peptide, having more of a paracrine function in vascular regeneration and endochondral ossification. GC-C mediates the effects of guanylin and uroguanylin on intestinal electrolyte and water transport and on epithelial cell growth and differentiation. GC-E and GC-F are colocalized within the same photoreceptor cells of the retina and have an important role in phototransduction. Finally, the functions of GC-D (located in the olfactory neuroepithelium) and GC-G (expressed in highest amounts in lung, intestine, and skeletal muscle) are completely unknown. This review discusses the structure and functions of membrane GCs, with special emphasis on the physiological endocrine and cardiac functions of GC-A, the regulation of hormone-dependent GC-A activity, and the relevance of alterations of the atrial natriuretic peptide/GC-A system to cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Kuhn
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Domagkstrasse 12, D-48149 Münster, Germany.
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Kuga H, Ogawa K, Oida A, Taguchi I, Nakatsugawa M, Hoshi T, Sugimura H, Abe S, Kaneko N. Administration of atrial natriuretic peptide attenuates reperfusion phenomena and preserves left ventricular regional wall motion after direct coronary angioplasty for acute myocardial infarction. Circ J 2003; 67:443-8. [PMID: 12736485 DOI: 10.1253/circj.67.443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
To evaluate the effects of synthetic human atrial natriuretic peptide (hANP) on myocardial reperfusion injury and left ventricular remodeling, 19 patients within 12 h of a first attack of anterior myocardial infarction (AMI) underwent intracoronary injection of 25 microg of hANP immediately after coronary angioplasty, combined with intravenous infusion of 0.025 microg x kg(-1) x min(-1) of hANP initiated on admission for 1 week (hANP group); 18 similar patients had saline administered (control group). The incidences of premature ventricular contraction, ventricular tachycardia and/or fibrillation in the hANP group were significantly less than in the control group after coronary angioplasty. Left ventricular ejection fraction was significantly greater and left ventricular end-diastolic volume index was significantly smaller 6 months after coronary angioplasty. Left ventricular regional wall motion of the infarcted segments significantly increased. Thus, hANP remarkably suppressed reperfusion phenomena and preserved left ventricular function through improvement of regional wall motion of the infarcted segments after coronary angioplasty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideyo Kuga
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, Dokkyo University School of Medicine, Tochigi, Japan
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Mtairag EM, Houard X, Rais S, Pasquier C, Oudghiri M, Jacob MP, Meilhac O, Michel JB. Pharmacological potentiation of natriuretic peptide limits polymorphonuclear neutrophil-vascular cell interactions. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2002; 22:1824-31. [PMID: 12426211 DOI: 10.1161/01.atv.0000037102.31086.f4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Activated polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) are the main source of circulating neutral endopeptidase (NEP). We tested the hypothesis that NEP inhibition could potentiate the effect of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) on PMN-vascular cell interactions in vitro. METHODS AND RESULTS ANP alone and its potentiation by retrothiorphan, the NEP inhibitor, significantly inhibited superoxide, lysozyme, and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 release by N-formyl-Met-Leu-Phe-stimulated PMNs. Activated PMNs degraded exogenous ANP, which was prevented by NEP inhibition. Hypoxia significantly increased the adhesion of PMNs to endothelial cells and their subsequent MMP-9 release by 60% and 150%, respectively (P<0.01). ANP and its potentiation by retrothiorphan limited PMN adhesion to hypoxic endothelial cells and thus decreased their MMP-9 release (P<0.01). Smooth muscle cells (SMCs) incubated with conditioned medium of N-formyl-Met-Leu-Phe-stimulated PMNs exhibited morphological and biochemical changes characteristic of apoptosis (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling positivity, nuclear condensation/fragmentation, poly ADP-ribose polymerase cleavage, and DNA laddering). SMC detachment and subsequent apoptosis could be related to leukocyte elastase-induced pericellular proteolysis, inasmuch as both events are inhibited by elastase inhibitors. ANP and its potentiation by retrothiorphan were able to limit elastase release, fibronectin degradation, and SMC apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS ANP potentiation by NEP inhibition could limit PMN activation and its consequences on vascular cells.
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MESH Headings
- Atrial Natriuretic Factor/metabolism
- Atrial Natriuretic Factor/pharmacology
- Cell Adhesion/drug effects
- Cell Adhesion/physiology
- Cell Communication/drug effects
- Cell Communication/physiology
- Cell Degranulation/drug effects
- Cell Degranulation/physiology
- Culture Media, Conditioned/pharmacology
- Drug Synergism
- Endothelium, Vascular/cytology
- Endothelium, Vascular/drug effects
- Endothelium, Vascular/metabolism
- Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Fibronectins/metabolism
- Humans
- Hypoxia/physiopathology
- Leukocyte Elastase/metabolism
- Matrix Metalloproteinase 9/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/cytology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Neprilysin/antagonists & inhibitors
- Neprilysin/metabolism
- Neutrophil Activation/drug effects
- Neutrophil Activation/physiology
- Neutrophils/drug effects
- Neutrophils/enzymology
- Neutrophils/metabolism
- Neutrophils/pathology
- Respiratory Burst/drug effects
- Respiratory Burst/physiology
- Thiorphan/analogs & derivatives
- Thiorphan/pharmacology
- Umbilical Veins/cytology
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Knecht M, Pagel I, Langenickel T, Philipp S, Scheuermann-Freestone M, Willnow T, Bruemmer D, Graf K, Dietz R, Willenbrock R. Increased expression of renal neutral endopeptidase in severe heart failure. Life Sci 2002; 71:2701-12. [PMID: 12383878 DOI: 10.1016/s0024-3205(02)01990-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The enzyme neutral endopeptidase (NEP; EC 3.4.24.11) cleaves several vasoactive peptides such as the atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP). ANP is a hormone of cardiac origin with diuretic and natriuretic actions. Despite elevated circulating levels of ANP, congestive heart failure (CHF) is characterized by progressive sodium and water retention. In order to elucidate the loss of natriuretic and diuretic properties of ANP in CHF we analyzed activity, protein concentrations, mRNA and immunostaining of NEP in kidneys of different models of severe CHF in the rat.CHF was induced by either aortocaval shunt, aortic banding or myocardial infarction in the rat. All models were defined by increased left ventricular end-diastolic pressure and decreased contractility. The diminished effectiveness of ANP was reflected by reduced cGMP/ANP ratio in animals with shunt or infarction. Renal NEP activity was increased in rats with aortocaval shunt (203 +/- 7%, p < 0.001), aortic banding (184 +/- 11%, p < 0.001) and infarction (149 +/- 10%, p < 0.005). Western blot analysis revealed a significant increase in renal NEP protein content in two models of CHF (shunt: 214 +/- 57%, p < 0.05; infarction: 310 +/- 53 %, p < 0.01). The elevated protein expression was paralleled by a threefold increase in renal NEP-mRNA level in the infarction model. The increased renal NEP protein expression and activity may lead to enhanced degradation of ANP and may contribute to the decreased renal response to ANP in heart failure. Thus, the capacity to counteract sodium and water retention, would be diminished. The increased renal NEP activity may therefore be a hitherto unknown factor in the progression of CHF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Knecht
- Medical Science Department, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma KG, 55216 Ingelheim am Rhein, Germany
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Dhingra H, Roongsritong C, Kurtzman NA. Brain natriuretic peptide: role in cardiovascular and volume homeostasis. Semin Nephrol 2002; 22:423-37. [PMID: 12224050 DOI: 10.1053/snep.2002.35666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The identification of natriuretic peptides as key regulators of natriuresis and vasodilatation, and the appreciation that their secretion is under the control of cardiac hemodynamic and neurohumoral factors, has caused wide interest. The natriuretic peptides are structurally similar, but genetically distinct peptides that have diverse actions on cardiovascular, renal, and endocrine homeostasis. Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) are of myocardial cell origin, while cardiac natriuretic peptide (CNP) is of endothelial origin. ANP and BNP bind to the natriuretic peptide receptor (NPR-A) which, via 3' 5'-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), mediates natriuresis, vasodialation, renin inhibition, and antimitogenic properties. CNP lacks natriuretic action but possesses vasodilating and growth inhibiting effects via the guanyl cyclase linked natriuretic peptide-B (NPR-B) receptor. All three peptides are cleared by natriuretic peptide-C receptor (NPR-C) and degraded by neutral endopeptidase, both of which are widely expressed in kidney, lung, and vascular wall. Recently, a fourth member of the natriuretic peptide, dendroaspsis natriuretic peptide (DNP) has been reported to be present in human plasma and atrial myocardium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemant Dhingra
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
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Shimizu H, Masuta K, Aono K, Asada H, Sasakura K, Tamaki M, Sugita K, Yamada K. Molecular forms of human brain natriuretic peptide in plasma. Clin Chim Acta 2002; 316:129-35. [PMID: 11750283 DOI: 10.1016/s0009-8981(01)00745-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) is a vasoreactive peptide hormone, which is synthesized and secreted mainly from the heart ventricles. METHODS Molecular forms of immunoreactive human brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) were examined. Chemically synthesized human BNP was added to whole blood samples from a healthy volunteer. The immunoreactive peptide was recovered by immunoaffinity chromatography followed by reversed-phase HPLC (RP-HPLC). Molecular form of immunoreactive BNP in plasma from heart failure patients was also examined. RESULTS Sequential analysis and amino acid analysis of the peptide revealed that two amino acid residues were deleted from the amino terminus of BNP. When roughly classified according to molecular weight (MW), two forms of BNP (high-MW BNP and low-MW BNP) were observed. The estimated MW of high-MW BNP (36 kDa) was three times that of pro-BNP (12 kDa). CONCLUSIONS Analysis of low-MW BNP by RP-HPLC revealed that a small amount of BNP 1-32 or des-SerPro-BNP (BNP 3-32) was contained in plasma from heart failure patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Shimizu
- Diagnostics Department, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., 2-5-1 Mishima, Settsu, Osaka 566-0022, Japan.
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Dendorfer A, Wolfrum S, Wagemann M, Qadri F, Dominiak P. Pathways of bradykinin degradation in blood and plasma of normotensive and hypertensive rats. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2001; 280:H2182-8. [PMID: 11299220 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.2001.280.5.h2182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Kinins are vasoactive peptide hormones that can confer protection against the development of hypertension. Because their efficacy is greatly influenced by the rate of enzymatic degradation, the activities of various kininases in plasma and blood of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were compared with those in normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY) to identify pathogenic alterations. Either plasma or whole blood was incubated with bradykinin (10 microM). Bradykinin and kinin metabolites were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. Kininase activities were determined by cumulative inhibition of angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE), carboxypeptidase N (CPN), and aminopeptidase P (APP), using selective inhibitors. Plasma of WKY rats degraded bradykinin at a rate of 13.3 +/- 0.94 micromol x min(-1) x l(-1). The enzymes ACE, APP, and CPN represented 92% of this kininase activity, with relative contributions of 52, 25, and 16%, respectively. Inclusion of blood cells at physiological concentrations did not extend the activities of these plasma kininases further. No differences of kinin degradation were found between WKY and SHR. The identical conditions of kinin degradation in WKY and SHR suggest no pathogenic role of kininases in the SHR model of genetic hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Dendorfer
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical University of Lübeck, D-23538 Lübeck, Germany.
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Shimizu H, Aono K, Masuta K, Asada H, Misaki A, Teraoka H. Degradation of human brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) by contact activation of blood coagulation system. Clin Chim Acta 2001; 305:181-6. [PMID: 11249937 DOI: 10.1016/s0009-8981(01)00380-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) and atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) were added to venous blood samples from healthy volunteers, and incubated in tubes made of various materials. The residual immunoreactivity was measured with radioimmunoassay for BNP and ANP. In blood samples stored in glass tubes, immunoreactivity of ANP was more stable than that of BNP. In siliconized glass or PET tubes, however, BNP immunoreactivity was more stable than ANP. The activation of blood coagulation factors was evaluated from the kallikrein activity in plasma. Kallikrein activity was increased in plasma stored in glass tube while it was negligible in plasma stored in siliconized glass or PET tubes. In kaolin-activated plasma, more rapid BNP degradation and higher kallikrein activity were observed. Our results indicated that the blood coagulation factors, especially kallikrein, played an important role in digestion of BNP.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Shimizu
- Diagnostics Department, Shionogi and Co. Ltd, 2-5-1 Mishima, Settsu, 566-0022, Osaka, Japan.
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Abstract
In recent years, biomedical science has witnessed the emergence of peptide biochemicals as significant topics of research. Some of these peptides are of little potential clinical use, while others, of which cardiac natriuretic peptides are an example, appear to be promising. This particular group of peptides (i.e. ANP, BNP and CNP) shows promising diagnostic as well as therapeutic potential for various pathological conditions. In the case of acute myocardial infarction, these peptides have significant diagnostic and predictive properties, more so than other biochemicals such as adrenaline, renin and aldosterone. In addition, ANP is found to have significant benefits over the classical anti-anginal drug glyceryl trinitrate. However, as is the case with other peptides, applying these benefits clinically may not be easy because of the structure of the compounds, but various strategies are now being applied to solve this problem. These include the use of non-peptide receptor ligands, inhibitors of ANP metabolism, gene therapy and so on. The development of drugs in clinical practice, which exploits the natriuretic peptides system therefore seems to be promising, and this article reviews advances in our understanding of these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Venugopal
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Strathclyde Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK.
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Avidan MS, Meehan N, Ponte J, El-Gamel A, Sherwood RA. Changes in brain natriuretic peptide concentrations following open cardiac surgery with cardioplegic cardiac arrest. Clin Chim Acta 2001; 303:127-32. [PMID: 11163032 DOI: 10.1016/s0009-8981(00)00393-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Elevated brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) concentration in peripheral blood reflects impaired cardiac ventricular function. We investigated the release pattern of BNP following cardioplegic cardiac arrest during heart surgery. In particular, we sought to discover whether there is an increase in peripheral BNP concentrations following reperfusion of the ischaemic heart. A secondary aim of the study was to investigate whether allopurinol, an anti-oxidant, has any effect on BNP release. A total of 29 patients scheduled for elective coronary artery bypass grafting were recruited, of whom 12 were randomly allocated to receive allopurinol with their pre-medication. Blood specimens were taken at six time points from the indwelling arterial catheter, the first before surgery and the last 2 h following the termination of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). BNP was found to decrease markedly when the aortic cross clamp was applied and the heart was isolated from circulation (P=0.0001). There was a slight increase in BNP following cross clamp release and myocardial reperfusion (P=0.04). A more substantial increase occurred with weaning from CPB when ventricular filling occurred (P=0.0015). Only the final BNP value, 2 h after CPB, was elevated compared with baseline (P=0.0013). Allopurinol had no demonstrable effect on changes in BNP.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Avidan
- Department of Anaesthesia, Kings College Hospital, London SE5 9RS, UK
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Oka H, Kugiyama K, Doi H, Matsumura T, Shibata H, Miles LA, Sugiyama S, Yasue H. Lysophosphatidylcholine induces urokinase-type plasminogen activator and its receptor in human macrophages partly through redox-sensitive pathway. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2000; 20:244-50. [PMID: 10634825 DOI: 10.1161/01.atv.20.1.244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) and its cell surface receptor (uPAR) have been shown to be expressed in macrophages in atherosclerotic arterial walls, but the regulatory mechanisms of their expression remain unclear. The present study was performed to examine the effects of lysophosphatidylcholine (lysoPC), an important atherogenic lipid, on the expression of uPA and uPAR in human monocyte-derived macrophages. LysoPC upregulated the mRNA expression of uPA and uPAR, and it increased the protein expression of uPA in the culture medium and bound to the cell surface and of uPAR in the particulate fraction of the cells. LysoPC significantly increased the binding of the amino-terminal fragment of uPA to the treated cells and the cell-associated plasminogen activator activity. LysoPC stimulated superoxide anion production and increased intracellular oxidant levels in the cells. The combined incubation with reduced glutathione diethyl ester or N-acetylcysteine, antioxidants, suppressed the upregulation of uPA and uPAR mRNA and the increase in plasminogen activator activity by lysoPC. uPA and uPAR mRNA expression was also induced by the incubation with xanthine and xanthine oxidase, a superoxide anion-generating system. The results suggest that lysoPC increased the expression of uPA and uPAR and their functional activities in human monocyte-derived macrophages, at least in part through a redox-sensitive mechanism. This coordinate increase in the expression of uPA and uPAR in human macrophages by lysoPC could play an important role in plaque formation and disruption, arterial remodeling, and angiogenesis in atherosclerotic arterial walls.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Oka
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kumamoto University School of Medicine, Kumamoto City, Japan
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Harada E, Nakagawa O, Yoshimura M, Harada M, Nakagawa M, Mizuno Y, Shimasaki Y, Nakayama M, Yasue H, Kuwahara K, Saito Y, Nakao K. Effect of interleukin-1 beta on cardiac hypertrophy and production of natriuretic peptides in rat cardiocyte culture. J Mol Cell Cardiol 1999; 31:1997-2006. [PMID: 10591026 DOI: 10.1006/jmcc.1999.1030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This study was designed to examine the effects of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) on myocyte (MC) hypertrophy and the production of A-type natriuretic peptide (ANP) and B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) in rat ventricular cardiocyte culture, and to investigate the role of nonmyocyte (NMC) in this process. We examined the effects of IL-1 beta on the production of ANP and BNP in comparison with the effects of endothelin-1 (ET-1) by using two types of neonatal rat cardiocyte culture; MC-enriched culture and MC-NMC coculture. In the MC-enriched culture, the increase in secretion of ANP and BNP was small in treatment with IL-1 beta (1000 pg/ml), while ET-1 (10 nM) markedly augmented the secretion of ANP and BNP. In the MC-NMC coculture, IL-1 beta and ET-1 each significantly augmented the secretion of ANP and BNP. The degree of the increase of ANP and BNP was equivalent between IL-1 beta and ET-1. As for the morphological changes of MCs, IL-1 beta induced the star-shaped MC hypertrophy characterized by elongation and pointed edges only in the MC-NMC coculture, while ET-1 induced the MC hypertrophy characterized by shapes of squares, triangles or circles in both cultures. This study shows that IL-1 beta induces unique cardiac hypertrophy and the marked secretion of ANP and BNP, and that NMC is indispensable when treated with IL-1 beta.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Harada
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kumamoto University School of Medicine, Japan
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Matsumura T, Kugiyama K, Sugiyama S, Ota Y, Doi H, Ogata N, Oka H, Yasue H. Suppression of atherosclerotic development in Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic rabbits treated with an oral antiallergic drug, tranilast. Circulation 1999; 99:919-24. [PMID: 10027816 DOI: 10.1161/01.cir.99.7.919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory and immunological responses of vascular cells have been shown to play a significant role in the progression of atheromatous formation. Tranilast [N-(3,4-dimethoxycinnamoyl) anthranillic acid] inhibits release of cytokines and chemical mediators from various cells, including macrophages, leading to suppression of inflammatory and immunological responses. This study tested whether tranilast may suppress atheromatous formation in Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic (WHHL) rabbits. METHODS AND RESULTS WHHL rabbits (2 months old) were given either 300 mg x kg-1 x d-1 of tranilast (Tranilast, n=12) or vehicle (Control, n=13) PO for 6 months. Tranilast treatment was found to suppress the aortic area covered with plaque. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that there was no difference in the percentage of the RAM11-positive macrophage area and the frequency of CD5-positive cells (T cells) in intimal plaques between Tranilast and Control. Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II expression in macrophages and interleukin-2 (IL-2) receptor expression in T cells, as markers of the immunological activation in these cells, was suppressed in atheromatous plaque by tranilast treatment. Flow cytometry analysis of isolated human and rabbit peripheral blood mononuclear cells showed that an increase in expression both of MHC class II antigen on monocytes by incubation with interferon-gamma and of IL-2 receptor on T cells by IL-2 was suppressed by the combined incubation with tranilast. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that tranilast suppresses atherosclerotic development partly through direct inhibition of immunological activation of monocytes/macrophages and T cells in the atheromatous plaque.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Matsumura
- Division of Cardiology, Kumamoto University School of Medicine, Kumamoto City, Japan
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Yamamoto H, Matsumura T, Kugiyama K, Oishi Y, Ogata N, Yasue H, Miyamoto E. The antibody specific for myristoylated alanine-rich C kinase substrate phosphorylated by protein kinase C: activation of protein kinase C in smooth muscle cells in human coronary arteries. Arch Biochem Biophys 1998; 359:151-9. [PMID: 9808756 DOI: 10.1006/abbi.1998.0920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Myristoylated alanine-rich C kinase substrate (MARCKS), a major substrate for protein kinase C, is distributed in a variety of cells. It has been reported that phosphorylation of MARCKS at serines 152 and 156 according to the numbering of rat brain MARCKS can be used as an indicator for protein kinase C activation in intact cells. To detect the activation of protein kinase C in vivo, we produced a specific antibody against MARCKS phosphorylated at serines 152 and 156. We synthesized a phosphopeptide which contained phosphoserines 152 and 156 and prepared the antibody specific for this phosphopeptide. Immunoblot analysis with both purified MARCKS and the cytosol fraction from rat brain revealed that the antibody reacted only with MARCKS phosphorylated by protein kinase C. The antibody was suitable for immunoblot analysis and immunostaining with cultured human coronary artery smooth muscle cells. Phosphorylation of MARCKS was increased about eightfold by the treatment of the cells with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, a protein kinase C activator. Furthermore, treatment of the cells with endothelin-1 and tumor necrosis factor alpha increased phosphorylation of MARCKS. Interestingly, phosphorylation of MARCKS was clearly observed in smooth muscle cells in atherosclerotic lesion of subjects at autopsy. These results suggest that the antibody is useful for examination of the activation of protein kinase C in vascular smooth muscle cells in vivo.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/metabolism
- Antibody Specificity
- Cells, Cultured
- Coronary Vessels/enzymology
- Endothelin-1/pharmacology
- Endothelium, Vascular
- Enzyme Activation/drug effects
- Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
- Humans
- Immunoblotting
- Immunohistochemistry
- Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins
- Membrane Proteins
- Mice
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/cytology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/enzymology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Myristoylated Alanine-Rich C Kinase Substrate
- Phosphorylation
- Protein Kinase C/metabolism
- Proteins/immunology
- Proteins/metabolism
- Rats
- Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate/pharmacology
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/pharmacology
- Umbilical Veins
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Affiliation(s)
- H Yamamoto
- Department of Pharmacology, Division of Cardiology, Kumamoto University School of Medicine, 2-2-1 Honjo, Kumamoto, 860-0811, Japan.
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Stein BC, Levin RI. Natriuretic peptides: physiology, therapeutic potential, and risk stratification in ischemic heart disease. Am Heart J 1998; 135:914-23. [PMID: 9588425 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-8703(98)70054-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The natriuretic peptide family consists of four molecules that share significant amino acid sequence homologic characteristics and a looped motif. Atrial natriuretic peptide and brain natriuretic peptide are similar in their ability to promote natriuresis and diuresis, inhibit the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone axis, and act as vasodilators. Understanding of the actions of C-type natriuretic peptide and dendroaspis natriuretic peptide is incomplete, but these two new family members also act as vasodilators. Because of the rapid evolution of information about this peptide family, we reviewed the state of the art with respect to risk stratification and therapeutic ability. METHODS English-language papers were identified by a MEDLINE database search covering 1966 through 1997 and supplemented with bibliographic references and texts. CONCLUSIONS The natriuretic peptides are counterregulatory hormones with prognostically important levels. They are similarly upregulated in heart failure and counteract neurohormones that induce vasoconstriction and fluid retention. BNP may be the superior prognosticator for risk stratification after myocardial infarction and is independent of left ventricular ejection fraction. Lastly, experimental trials suggest that administration of exogenous natriuretic peptides or inhibitors of their catabolism to patients with ischemic heart disease may be clinically beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- B C Stein
- Cardiology Section, New York University Medical Center, NY 10016, USA
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Doi H, Kugiyama K, Ohgushi M, Sugiyama S, Matsumura T, Ohta Y, Nakano T, Nakajima K, Yasue H. Remnants of chylomicron and very low density lipoprotein impair endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation. Atherosclerosis 1998; 137:341-9. [PMID: 9622277 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9150(97)00291-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Remnants of chylomicron and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) have been implicated as potentially atherogenic. Since endothelial dysfunction is an early event in atherosclerosis, we examined effects of the remnants on endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation. The remnant lipoproteins were isolated from postprandial plasma in hyperlipidemic subjects using the immunoaffinity gel mixture of anti apo A-1 and anti apo B-100 monoclonal antibodies and ultracentrifugation. Rabbit aortic strips suspended in the organ chambers were incubated for 2 h with the preparations of lipoproteins and lipids. After incubation, the strips were tested with vasodilators after precontraction with phenylephrine (1 microM). The remnant lipoproteins (750-1500 microg triglyceride/ml) but not VLDL fraction (up to 1500 microg triglyceride/ml) impaired vasorelaxation in responses to acetylcholine, substance P and A23187. Carbamylated or methylated remnant lipoproteins, chemically modified remnant lipoproteins, had comparable impairment of the vasorelaxation as unmodified remnant lipoproteins. Incubation with lipid extracts from the remnant lipoproteins also exerted an inhibitory effect on the vasorelaxation. Relaxation to sodium nitroprusside was fully preserved in all aortas exposed to the lipoprotein preparations. Thus, the remnant lipoproteins impair endothelium-dependent arterial relaxation at the concentrations observed in the plasma in patients with coronary artery disease (500-2000 microg triglyceride of remnant lipoprotein/ml). The impairment may be in apoprotein receptor-independent manner, and the lipids in the remnants seem to contribute to the inhibitory effect. The endothelial dysfunction caused by the remnant lipoproteins may play a role in the high prevalence of atherosclerotic coronary artery disease in postprandial hyperlipidemic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Doi
- Division of Cardiology, Kumamoto University School of Medicine, Kumamoto City, Japan
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Ueno H, Haruno A, Morisaki N, Furuya M, Kangawa K, Takeshita A, Saito Y. Local expression of C-type natriuretic peptide markedly suppresses neointimal formation in rat injured arteries through an autocrine/paracrine loop. Circulation 1997; 96:2272-9. [PMID: 9337200 DOI: 10.1161/01.cir.96.7.2272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In vivo gene transfer into injured arteries may provide a new means to facilitate molecular understanding of and to treat the intractable fibroproliferative arterial diseases. Selection of an optimal molecule to be transferred will be a key to successful gene therapy in the future. We tested the hypothesis that a secreted multifactorial molecule should act more efficiently through an autocrine/paracrine loop to suppress neointimal formation elicited in injured arteries than a simple growth-inhibiting molecule that might be expressed inside cells. METHODS AND RESULTS We constructed an adenoviral vector (AdCACNP) expressing C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP), a secreted stimulator of membrane-bound guanyl cyclase. AdCACNP directs cells to secrete large quantities of biologically active CNP. Serum-stimulated DNA synthesis and cell proliferation were only moderately suppressed in arterial smooth muscle cells infected with AdCACNP in vitro. However, when AdCACNP was applied to balloon-injured rat carotid arteries in vivo, neointimal formation was markedly reduced (90% reduction) in an infection-site-specific manner without an increase in plasma CNP level. CONCLUSIONS Our results showed that CNP, a secreted multifactorial molecule, was indeed effective in suppressing fibroproliferative response in injured arteries and suggest that the potent antiproliferation effect may not be the most critical factor for the effective suppression of neointimal formation. An adenovirus-mediated expression of CNP could be an effective and site-specific form of molecular intervention in proliferative arterial diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Ueno
- Department of Cardiology, Kyushu University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
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