1
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Characteristic Genes and Immune Infiltration Analysis for Acute Rejection after Kidney Transplantation. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:6575052. [PMID: 36393969 PMCID: PMC9646319 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6575052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Background Renal transplantation can significantly improve the survival rate and quality of life of patients with end-stage renal disease, but the probability of acute rejection (AR) in adult renal transplant recipients is still approximately 12.2%. Machine learning (ML) is superior to traditional statistical methods in various clinical scenarios. However, the current AR model is constructed only through simple difference analysis or a single queue, which cannot guarantee the accuracy of prediction. Therefore, this study identified and validated new gene sets that contribute to the early prediction of AR and the prognosis prediction of patients after renal transplantation by constructing a more accurate AR gene signature through ML technology. Methods Based on the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and multiple bioinformatic analyses, we identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and built a gene signature via LASSO regression and SVM analysis. Immune cell infiltration and immunocyte association analyses were also conducted. Furthermore, we investigated the relationship between AR genes and graft survival status. Results Twenty-four DEGs were identified. A 5 gene signature (CPA6, EFNA1, HBM, THEM5, and ZNF683) were obtained by LASSO analysis and SVM analysis, which had a satisfied ability to differentiate AR and NAR in the training cohort, internal validation cohort and external validation cohort. Additionally, ZNF683 was associated with graft survival. Conclusion A 5 gene signature, particularly ZNF683, provided insight into a precise therapeutic schedule and clinical applications for AR patients.
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2
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Tse GH, Hughes J, Marson LP. Systematic review of mouse kidney transplantation. Transpl Int 2013; 26:1149-60. [PMID: 23786597 DOI: 10.1111/tri.12129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2013] [Revised: 04/29/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
A mouse model of kidney transplantation was first described in 1973 by Skoskiewicz et al. Although the mouse model is technically difficult, it is attractive for several reasons: the mouse genome has been characterized and in many aspects is similar to man and there is a greater diversity of experimental reagents and techniques available for mouse studies than other experimental models. We reviewed the literature on all studies of mouse kidney transplantation to report the donor and recipient strain combinations that have been investigated and the resultant survival and histological outcomes. Some models of kidney transplantation have used the transplanted kidney as a life-supporting organ, however, in many studies the recipient mouse's native kidney has been left in situ. Several different combinations of inbred mouse strains have been reported, with varying degrees of injury, survival or tolerance because of haplotype differences. This model has been exceptionally useful as an investigational tool to understand multiple aspects of transplantation including acute rejection, cellular and humoral rejection mechanisms and their treatment. Furthermore, this model has been used to investigate disease mechanisms beyond transplant rejection including intrinsic renal disease and infection-associated pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Hondag Tse
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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3
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Zhang JD, Patel MB, Song YS, Griffiths R, Burchette J, Ruiz P, Sparks MA, Yan M, Howell DN, Gomez JA, Spurney RF, Coffman TM, Crowley SD. A novel role for type 1 angiotensin receptors on T lymphocytes to limit target organ damage in hypertension. Circ Res 2012; 110:1604-17. [PMID: 22534490 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.111.261768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Human clinical trials using type 1 angiotensin (AT(1)) receptor antagonists indicate that angiotensin II is a critical mediator of cardiovascular and renal disease. However, recent studies have suggested that individual tissue pools of AT(1) receptors may have divergent effects on target organ damage in hypertension. OBJECTIVE We examined the role of AT(1) receptors on T lymphocytes in the pathogenesis of hypertension and its complications. METHODS AND RESULTS Deficiency of AT(1) receptors on T cells potentiated kidney injury during hypertension with exaggerated renal expression of chemokines and enhanced accumulation of T cells in the kidney. Kidneys and purified CD4(+) T cells from "T cell knockout" mice lacking AT(1) receptors on T lymphocytes had augmented expression of Th1-associated cytokines including interferon-γ and tumor necrosis factor-α. Within T lymphocytes, the transcription factors T-bet and GATA-3 promote differentiation toward the Th1 and Th2 lineages, respectively, and AT(1) receptor-deficient CD4(+) T cells had enhanced T-bet/GATA-3 expression ratios favoring induction of the Th1 response. Inversely, mice that were unable to mount a Th1 response due to T-bet deficiency were protected from kidney injury in our hypertension model. CONCLUSIONS The current studies identify an unexpected role for AT(1) receptors on T lymphocytes to protect the kidney in the setting of hypertension by favorably modulating CD4(+) T helper cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-dong Zhang
- Division of Nephrology, Departments of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center and Durham VA Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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4
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Miyajima M, Chase CM, Alessandrini A, Farkash EA, Della Pelle P, Benichou G, Graham JA, Madsen JC, Russell PS, Colvin RB. Early acceptance of renal allografts in mice is dependent on foxp3(+) cells. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2011; 178:1635-45. [PMID: 21435448 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2010.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2010] [Revised: 11/03/2010] [Accepted: 12/13/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Mouse renal allografts have a remarkable ability to promote acceptance across full major histocompatibility complex incompatibilities in certain strain combinations without immunosuppression. The mechanism is unknown but is believed to involve immunoregulation. This study tests whether Foxp3(+) T-regulatory cells are responsible in the early phase of graft acceptance, using B6.Foxp3(DTR) mice that express diphtheria toxin receptor (DTR) in Foxp3(+) cells. The administration of DT to B6.Foxp3(DTR) recipients with accepted DBA/2 kidneys, 3 weeks to 3 months after transplantation, caused a marked depletion of Foxp3 cells and triggered acute cellular rejection, manifested by a sudden increase in blood urea nitrogen within a week. None of the controls showed an increase in blood urea nitrogen, including DT-treated B6 wild-type recipients of DBA/2 kidneys or B6.Foxp3(DTR) recipients of isografts. Accepted DBA/2 allografts showed prominent lymphoid sheaths around arteries containing numerous CD3(+)Foxp3(+) cells, CD4(+) cells, dedritic cells, and B cells, which was independent of CCR4. The lymphoid sheaths disintegrate after Foxp3 depletion, accompanied by widespread CD8 interstitial mononuclear inflammation, tubulitis, and endarteritis. The Foxp3 depletion caused an increased frequency of donor-reactive cells in the spleen by interferon (IFN) γ enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot (ELISPOT) assays and increased expression of the maturation markers, CD86 and IA(b), on dendritic cells in the spleen and kidney. We conclude that Foxp3(+) cells are needed to maintain acceptance of major histocompatibility complex-incompatible renal allografts in the first 3 months after transplantation and may act by inhibiting DC maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Miyajima
- Transplantation Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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5
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DiLillo DJ, Griffiths R, Seshan SV, Magro CM, Ruiz P, Coffman TM, Tedder TF. B lymphocytes differentially influence acute and chronic allograft rejection in mice. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2011; 186:2643-54. [PMID: 21248259 PMCID: PMC3734565 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1002983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The relative contributions of B lymphocytes and plasma cells during allograft rejection remain unclear. Therefore, the effects of B cell depletion on acute cardiac rejection, chronic renal rejection, and skin graft rejection were compared using CD20 or CD19 mAbs. Both CD20 and CD19 mAbs effectively depleted mature B cells, and CD19 mAb treatment depleted plasmablasts and some plasma cells. B cell depletion did not affect acute cardiac allograft rejection, although CD19 mAb treatment prevented allograft-specific IgG production. Strikingly, CD19 mAb treatment significantly reduced renal allograft rejection and abrogated allograft-specific IgG development, whereas CD20 mAb treatment did not. By contrast, B cell depletion exacerbated skin allograft rejection and augmented the proliferation of adoptively transferred alloantigen-specific CD4(+) T cells, demonstrating that B cells can also negatively regulate allograft rejection. Thereby, B cells can either positively or negatively regulate allograft rejection depending on the nature of the allograft and the intensity of the rejection response. Moreover, CD19 mAb may represent a new approach for depleting both B cells and plasma cells to concomitantly impair T cell activation, inhibit the generation of new allograft-specific Abs, or reduce preexisting allograft-specific Ab levels in transplant patients.
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MESH Headings
- Acute Disease
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacology
- Antigens, CD19/immunology
- Antigens, CD20/immunology
- B-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
- B-Lymphocyte Subsets/metabolism
- B-Lymphocyte Subsets/pathology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Chronic Disease
- Dose-Response Relationship, Immunologic
- Graft Rejection/immunology
- Graft Rejection/pathology
- Heart Transplantation/immunology
- Heart Transplantation/pathology
- Humans
- Kidney Transplantation/immunology
- Kidney Transplantation/pathology
- Lymphocyte Depletion/methods
- Mice
- Mice, 129 Strain
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Inbred CBA
- Mice, Transgenic
- Skin Transplantation/immunology
- Skin Transplantation/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- David J. DiLillo
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710
| | - Robert Griffiths
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710
| | - Surya V. Seshan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York 10065
| | - Cynthia M. Magro
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York 10065
| | - Phillip Ruiz
- Department of Surgery and Pathology, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida 33101
| | - Thomas M. Coffman
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710
| | - Thomas F. Tedder
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710
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6
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Animal models of chronic allograft injury: contributions and limitations to understanding the mechanism of long-term graft dysfunction. Transplantation 2010; 90:935-44. [PMID: 20703180 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0b013e3181efcfbc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Advances in immunosuppression have reduced the incidence of acute graft loss after transplantation, but long-term allograft survival is still hindered by the development of chronic allograft injury, a multifactorial process that involves both immunologic and nonimmunologic components. Because these components become defined in the clinical setting, development of animal models enables exploration into underlying mechanisms leading to long-term graft dysfunction. This review presents animal models that have enabled investigation into chronic allograft injury and discusses pivotal models currently being used. The mechanisms uncovered by these models will ultimately lead to development of new therapeutic options to prevent long-term graft dysfunction.
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7
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Cheng O, Thuillier R, Sampson E, Schultz G, Ruiz P, Zhang X, Yuen PST, Mannon RB. Connective tissue growth factor is a biomarker and mediator of kidney allograft fibrosis. Am J Transplant 2006; 6:2292-306. [PMID: 16889607 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2006.01493.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Chronic allograft nephropathy (CAN) is a leading cause of kidney graft failure following transplantation. Its causes are complex and include both immunological and nonimmunological factors. Here we have studied the development of CAN in a mouse model of kidney transplantation comparing isografts and allografts. Unlike the normal histology and normal serum creatinine of the uninephrectomized, nonrejecting isografted mice (0.219 +/- 0.024 mg/dL), allografted mice demonstrated severe renal dysfunction (mean serum creatinine 0.519 +/- 0.061 mg/dL; p < 0.005) with progressive inflammation and fibrosis of the kidney. These animals also showed an increased expression of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), both systemically and within the graft. CTGF was highly expressed in tubuloepithelial cells of allografts, along with alpha-smooth muscle actin, a marker of myofibroblasts, and transcriptionally associated with other markers of fibrosis. In vitro studies of tubular epithelium indicate that CTGF is capable of inducing EMT, independent of TGF-beta. Finally, in human transplant recipients, serum and urine CTGF levels are significantly elevated compared to naïve individuals. Urinary levels correlated with the histological presence of CAN. These studies suggest a critical role of CTGF in graft fibrogenesis, for both mouse and man. Thus, CTGF has potential as a biomarker of CAN, and also a therapeutic target in managing graft fibrosis.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Biomarkers/metabolism
- Biopsy
- Blotting, Western
- Cells, Cultured
- Connective Tissue Growth Factor
- Disease Models, Animal
- Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
- Fibrosis/complications
- Fibrosis/metabolism
- Fibrosis/pathology
- Gene Expression
- Graft Rejection/complications
- Graft Rejection/metabolism
- Graft Rejection/pathology
- Humans
- Immediate-Early Proteins/genetics
- Immediate-Early Proteins/immunology
- Immediate-Early Proteins/metabolism
- Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/genetics
- Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/immunology
- Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/metabolism
- Kidney Failure, Chronic/etiology
- Kidney Failure, Chronic/metabolism
- Kidney Failure, Chronic/pathology
- Kidney Transplantation/pathology
- Kidney Tubules/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Polymerase Chain Reaction
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- Transplantation, Homologous
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Affiliation(s)
- O Cheng
- Transplantation Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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8
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Willard-Gallo KE, Badran BM, Ravoet M, Zerghe A, Burny A, Martiat P, Goldman M, Roufosse F, Sibille C. Defective CD3γ gene transcription is associated with NFATc2 overexpression in the lymphocytic variant of hypereosinophilic syndrome. Exp Hematol 2005; 33:1147-59. [PMID: 16219537 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2005.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2005] [Revised: 06/15/2005] [Accepted: 06/27/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Determine the molecular defects underlying the CD3(-)CD4(+) T-cell phenotype and persistence of this clonal population in patients with hypereosinophilic syndrome. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients in this study suffer from the lymphocytic variant of hypereosinophilic syndrome distinguished by a CD3(-)CD4(+) T-cell clone that overexpresses Th2 cytokines upon activation and thereby provokes the eosinophilia. Interleukin-2-dependent CD3(-)CD4(+) T-cell lines were derived from patient blood at various disease stages and used to investigate the molecular modifications correlated with their abnormal phenotype. RESULTS We demonstrate that the CD3(-)CD4(+) T cells, characterized by a clonal TCRbeta gene rearrangement, maintained the same immunophenotype over the 6-year period of our study, during which one patient progressed from premalignant disease to CD3(-)CD4(+) T-cell lymphoma. We show that a specific loss of CD3gamma gene transcripts is responsible for the defect in TCR/CD3 surface expression. In addition, the level of NFATc2 binding to NFAT motifs in the CD3gamma gene promoter was greatly increased in the abnormal T cells. Our studies indicate that CD3gamma promoter activity can be positively influenced by NFATc1 plus NF-kappaB p50 and negatively regulated by NFATc2 containing complexes. We show that in patients' CD3(-)CD4(+) T cells, an increase in nuclear NFATc2 occurs in parallel with a decrease in NFATc1 and NF-kappaB gene expression. CONCLUSION Hypereosinophilic syndrome joins the growing number of pathological conditions where a defect in surface expression and/or function of the TCR/CD3 complex results from altered regulation of CD3gamma gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen E Willard-Gallo
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium.
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9
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Yuan R, El-Asady R, Liu K, Wang D, Drachenberg CB, Hadley GA. Critical Role for CD103+CD8+ Effectors in Promoting Tubular Injury following Allogeneic Renal Transplantation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2005; 175:2868-79. [PMID: 16116173 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.175.5.2868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Immune destruction of the graft renal tubules is an important barrier to the long-term function of clinical renal allografts, but the underlying mechanisms remain obscure. CD103-an integrin conferring specificity for the epithelial cell-restricted ligand, E-cadherin-defines a subset of CD8 effectors that infiltrate the graft tubular epithelium during clinical rejection episodes, predicting a causal role for CD103+CD8+ effectors in tubular injury. In the present study, we used rodent transplant models to directly test this hypothesis. Surprisingly, CD8 cells infiltrating renal allografts undergoing unmodified acute rejection did not express significant levels of CD103. However, we demonstrate that a brief course of cyclosporine A to rat renal allograft recipients promotes progressive accumulation of CD103+CD8+ cells within the graft, concomitant with the development of tubular atrophy and interstitial fibrosis. As in the known clinical scenario, graft-associated CD103+CD8+ cells exhibited a T effector phenotype and were intimately associated with the renal tubular epithelium. Treatment with anti-CD103 mAb dramatically attenuated CD8 infiltration into the renal tubules and tubular injury. Mouse studies documented that CD103 expression is required for efficient destruction of the graft renal tubules by CD8 effectors directed to donor MHC I alloantigens. Taken together, these data document a causal role for CD103+CD8+ effectors in promoting tubular injury following allogeneic renal transplantation and identify novel targets for therapeutic intervention in this important clinical problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongwen Yuan
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland Medical School, Baltimore 21201, USA
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10
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Jabs WJ, Sedlmeyer A, Ramassar V, Hidalgo LG, Urmson J, Afrouzian M, Zhu LF, Halloran PF. Heterogeneity in the evolution and mechanisms of the lesions of kidney allograft rejection in mice. Am J Transplant 2003; 3:1501-9. [PMID: 14629280 DOI: 10.1046/j.1600-6135.2003.00269.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The natural history and pathogenesis of the pathologic lesions that define rejection of kidney transplants have not been well characterized. We studied the evolution of the pathology of rejection in mouse kidney allografts, using four strain combinations across full major histocompatibility complex (MHC) plus nonMHC disparities, to permit more general conclusions. Interstitial infiltrate, MHC induction, and venulitis appeared by day 5, peaked at day 7-10, then stabilized or regressed by day 21. In contrast, tubulitis, arteritis, and glomerulitis were absent or mild at days 5 and 7, but progressed through day 21, indicating separate regulation and homeostatic control of these lesions. Edema, hemorrhage, and necrosis also increased through day 21. All lesions were T-dependent, failing to develop in T-cell-deficient hosts. Allografts into immunoglobulin-deficient hosts manifested typical infiltration, MHC induction, and tubulitis at days 7 and 21, indicating that these lesions are alloantibody-independent. However at day 21 kidneys rejecting in immunoglobulin-deficient hosts showed decreased edema, arteritis, venulitis, and necrosis. Thus the three groups of lesions are: T-cell-mediated interstitial infiltration, MHC induction, and venulitis, which develops rapidly then stabilizes; slower but progressive T-cell-mediated tubulitis and arteritis; and late antibody-mediated endothelial injury, which contributes to late edema, arteritis, and venulitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfram J Jabs
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, University of Luebeck School of Medicine, Luebeck, Germany
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11
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Tharaux PL, Bukoski RC, Rocha PN, Crowley SD, Ruiz P, Nataraj C, Howell DN, Kaibuchi K, Spurney RF, Coffman TM. Rho kinase promotes alloimmune responses by regulating the proliferation and structure of T cells. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2003; 171:96-105. [PMID: 12816987 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.171.1.96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Coordinated rearrangements of the actin-myosin cytoskeleton facilitate early and late events in T cell activation and signal transduction. As many important features of cell shape rearrangement involve small GTP-binding proteins, we examined the contribution of Rho kinase to the functions of mature T cells. Inhibitors of the Rho kinase pathway all had similar actions to inhibit the proliferation of primary lymphocyte cultures. Likewise, transfection of the human Jurkat T cell line with a dominant negative, kinase-defective mutant of Rho kinase diminished Jurkat cell proliferation. Furthermore, inhibition of Rho kinase substantially attenuated the program of cytokine gene expression that characterizes T cell activation, blocked actomyosin polymerization, and prevented aggregation of the TCR/CD3 complex colocalized with lipid rafts. These actions are relevant to immune responses in vivo, as treatment with a Rho kinase inhibitor considerably prolonged the survival of fully allogeneic heart transplants in mice and diminished intragraft expression of cytokine mRNAs. Thus, Rho GTPases acting through Rho kinase play a unique role in T cell activation during cellular immune responses by promoting structural rearrangements that are critical for T cell signaling.
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12
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Kambayashi T, Assarsson E, Chambers BJ, Ljunggren HG. IL-2 down-regulates the expression of TCR and TCR-associated surface molecules on CD8(+) T cells. Eur J Immunol 2001; 31:3248-54. [PMID: 11745341 DOI: 10.1002/1521-4141(200111)31:11<3248::aid-immu3248>3.0.co;2-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
CD8(+) T cells are known to down-regulate the TCR complex upon ligation with its cognate MHC class I-peptide complex. In the present report, we demonstrate that stimulation of CD8(+) T cells with cytokines also leads to down-regulation of the TCR complex and TCR-associated surface molecules. A significant reduction of TCRalpha beta, CD3, CD8alpha and CD8beta surface expression was observed when CD8(+) T cells were cultured in IL-2 and to a lesser extent in IL-4 or IL-15. The down-regulation was apparent after 2 days of culture and was observed at IL-2 concentrations as low as 10 U/ml. Using TCR transgenic mice, we found that the down-regulation was associated with a decreased affinity of CD8(+) T cells to MHC class I-peptide complexes, as determined by MHC class I tetramer staining. Furthermore, the antigen-specific proliferation of IL-2-pre-activated CD8(+) T cells was significantly reduced compared to naive CD8(+) T cells or to CD8(+) T cells previously stimulated with peptide-pulsed dendritic cells. Moreover, only CD8alpha(high) but not CD8alpha(low) cells sorted from IL-2-activated CD8(+) T cells proliferated in response to specific antigen, although both subsets proliferated equally well to IL-2. Taken together, these data suggest that the down-regulation of TCR components and a subsequent decrease in affinity towards MHC class I-peptide complexes may be a mechanism by which TCR-dependent proliferation of non-specifically activated CD8(+) T cells is avoided.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kambayashi
- Microbiology and Tumor Biology Center, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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13
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Guillet M, Sebille F, Soulillou J. TCR usage in naive and committed alloreactive cells: implications for the understanding of TCR biases in transplantation. Curr Opin Immunol 2001; 13:566-71. [PMID: 11544005 DOI: 10.1016/s0952-7915(00)00260-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The direct pathway of allorecognition is involved in acute allograft rejection and is characterised by TCR-mediated recognition of the MHC framework; this is thought to occur in a peptide-dependent but not peptide-specific manner. In contrast, the indirect pathway is restricted to the recipient's own MHC molecules and prevails in chronic rejection. In this pathway, the peptide has a major influence on the TCR recognition and selects alloreactive T cells with altered TCR Vbeta usage. However, qualitative analysis of Vbeta usage alone might limit our understanding of alloreactivity. The advantages of a combined quantitative assessment of Vbeta mRNA usage are discussed.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Humans
- Interphase/immunology
- Isoantigens/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/metabolism
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/metabolism
- Transplantation Immunology/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- M Guillet
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Unité 437, Immunointervention dans les Allo- et les Xéno-transplantations, 30 Boulevard Jean Monnet, 44093 Nantes 01, Cedex, France
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14
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Jamal S, Picker LJ, Aquino DB, McKenna RW, Dawson DB, Kroft SH. Immunophenotypic analysis of peripheral T-cell neoplasms. A multiparameter flow cytometric approach. Am J Clin Pathol 2001; 116:512-26. [PMID: 11601136 DOI: 10.1309/qf6n-vaqw-n74h-4je2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
We retrospectively reviewed multiparameter flow cytometric analyses in 50 peripheral T-cell neoplasms (PTCNs). Results were interpreted within the context of a large cohort of nonneoplastic T-cell populations. All PTCN diagnoses were confirmed with morphologic and/or molecular analysis. Aberrant populations were defined as discrete immunophenotypic clusters exhibiting loss of or increased or diminished expression of T-cell antigens relative to internal immunophenotypically normal T-cell populations. An antigenic pattern was considered abnormal if it exceeded ranges for T-cell subsets in specific anatomic sites or was not normally encountered. Forty-six of 50 and 41 of 50 demonstrated 1 or more and 2 or more aberrations, respectively. The most common abnormally expressed antigen was CD3, followed by CD7, CD5, and CD2. Except for CD7, abnormally dim or bright antigen expression was more common than deletion. Only 3 cases were abnormal solely based on expansion of an otherwise immunophenotypically normal population; the remainder had patterns of antigen expression not seen in nonneoplastic populations. These data indicate that most PTCNs are aberrant by multiparameter flow analysis. However, results must be interpreted within the context of thorough knowledge of the immunophenotypic spectrum of nonneoplastic T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Jamal
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75390-9073, USA
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15
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Grisotto MG, D'Império Lima MR, Marinho CR, Tadokoro CE, Abrahamsohn IA, Alvarez JM. Most parasite-specific CD8+ cells in Trypanosoma cruzi-infected chronic mice are down-regulated for T-cell receptor-alphabeta and CD8 molecules. Immunology 2001; 102:209-17. [PMID: 11260326 PMCID: PMC1783160 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2567.2001.01170.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study shows that CD8+ T lymphocytes expressing low levels of T-cell receptor (TCR)alphabeta, CD8 and CD3 accumulate in the spleen, blood, peritoneum and liver, but not in the lymph nodes of mice chronically infected with Trypanosoma cruzi. Analysis of spleen lymphocytes reveals that most CD8LOW TCRLOW T cells have an experienced phenotype (CD44HIGH CD62LLOW and CD45RA,B,CLOW). These cells have small size, lack activation markers such as CD69, CD25 and CD11b (Mac-1), and do not spontaneously secrete cytokines, suggesting they are at the resting state. When stimulated in vitro with T. cruzi-infected macrophages, TCRLOW CD8LOW T cells behave as parasite-specific memory cells, readily responding with interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) production. Indeed, among parasite-activated CD8+ lymphocytes, IFN-gamma production was mostly due to TCRLOW CD8LOW cells. Upon in vitro stimulation with anti-CD3/CD28 monoclonal antibodies, down-regulated cells produce IFN-gamma and tumour necrosis factor-alpha, but not interleukin IL-10 or IL-4. Our results indicate that despite parasite persistence, most T. cruzi-specific experienced CD8+ cells are resting. Nevertheless, when encountering infected macrophages these cells differentiate to Tc1 effectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Grisotto
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Mannon RB, Nataraj C, Pisetsky DS. Stimulation of thymocyte proliferation by phosphorothioate DNA oligonucleotides. Cell Immunol 2000; 201:14-21. [PMID: 10805969 DOI: 10.1006/cimm.2000.1635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
DNA is a complex macromolecule the immunological properties of which depend on short sequence motifs called CpG motifs or immunostimulatory sequences (ISS). These sequences are mitogenic for B cells and can stimulate macrophage cytokine production. While these sequences do not directly activate T cells, they can augment effects of stimulation via the TCR. Furthermore, ISS can affect T cells because of macrophage production of IL-12 and IFN-alpha/beta. In these studies, we further evaluated the immune effects of DNA on T cells, testing the possibility that certain T cell populations can respond directly to this stimulus. We therefore tested the in vitro responses of thymocytes to a series of phosphodiester (Po) and phosphorothioate (Ps) oligonucleotides (ODNs) varying in sequence. In in vitro cultures, phosphorothioate ODNs (sODNs) containing CpG motifs induced significant proliferation of murine thymocytes, although phosphodiester compounds lacked activity. The magnitude of stimulation varied with sequences flanking the CpG motifs, as both dA and dT sequences enhanced the stimulatory capacity of the CpG motif. Furthermore, CpG sODNs were strong costimulators of anti-CD3-mediated thymocyte activation, increasing proliferation compared to anti-CD3 in the absence of DNA. This activation was only partially inhibited by cyclosporine A and was not dependent on a calcium influx. Together, these results indicate that phosphorothioate oligonucleotides containing CpG motifs can directly induce thymocyte proliferation as well as augment TCR activation. These observations thus extend the range of actions of CpG DNA and suggest additional mechanisms for its function as an immunomodulatory agent or adjuvant.
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Affiliation(s)
- R B Mannon
- Division of Nephrology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, 27710, USA.
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Nataraj C, Oliverio MI, Mannon RB, Mannon PJ, Audoly LP, Amuchastegui CS, Ruiz P, Smithies O, Coffman TM. Angiotensin II regulates cellular immune responses through a calcineurin-dependent pathway. J Clin Invest 1999; 104:1693-701. [PMID: 10606623 PMCID: PMC409880 DOI: 10.1172/jci7451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 238] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is a key regulator of vascular tone and blood pressure. In addition, angiotensin II also has a number of cellular effects that may contribute to disease pathogenesis. Using Agtr1a(-/-) mice, which lack AT(1A) receptors for angiotensin II, we have identified a novel function of the RAS to modulate the immune system. We find that angiotensin II, acting through type 1 (AT(1)) receptors on immune cells, triggers the proliferation of splenic lymphocytes. These actions contribute to the vigor of cellular alloimmune responses. Within lymphoid organs, sufficient components of the RAS are present to activate AT(1) receptors during an immune response, promoting cell growth. These actions require activation of calcineurin phosphatase. In an in vivo model of cardiac transplantation, the absence of AT(1) signaling accentuates the immunosuppressive effects of the calcineurin inhibitor cyclosporine. We conclude that inhibition of AT(1) receptor signaling should be useful as an anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive therapy. Furthermore, the actions of the RAS to promote lymphocyte activation may contribute to inflammation that characterizes a number of diseases of the heart and the vascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Nataraj
- Division of Nephrology, Duke University and Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Centers, Durham, North Carolina 27705, USA
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