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Bhati FK, Bhat MK. An anti-neoplastic tale of metformin through its transport. Life Sci 2024; 357:123060. [PMID: 39278619 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.123060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2024] [Revised: 08/31/2024] [Accepted: 09/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/18/2024]
Abstract
Metformin is an attractive candidate drug among all the repurposed drugs for cancer. Extensive preclinical and clinical research has evaluated its efficacy in cancer therapy, revealing a mixed outcome in clinical settings. To fully exploit metformin's therapeutic potential, understanding cellular factors relevant to its transport and accumulation in cancer cells needs to be understood. This review highlights the relevance of metformin transporter status towards its anti-cancer potential. Metformin transporters are regulated at pre-transcriptional, transcriptional, and post-translational levels. Moreover, the tumour microenvironment can also influence metformin accumulation in cancer cells. Also, Metformin treatment can regulate its transporters by altering global DNA methylation, protein acetylation, and transcription factors. Importantly, metformin transporters not only influence chemotherapeutic drug toxicity but are also associated with the prognosis and survival of individuals having cancer. Strategic decisions based on the expression and regulation of metformin transporters holds promise for its therapeutic implications and relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Firoz Khan Bhati
- Biotechnology Research and Innovation Council - National Centre for Cell Science (BRIC- NCCS), Savitribai Phule Pune University Campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune 411 007, India
| | - Manoj Kumar Bhat
- Biotechnology Research and Innovation Council - National Centre for Cell Science (BRIC- NCCS), Savitribai Phule Pune University Campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune 411 007, India.
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2
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Ahmed Eltayeb S, Dressler JM, Schlatt L, Pernecker M, Neugebauer U, Karst U, Ciarimboli G. Interaction of the chemotherapeutic agent oxaliplatin and the tyrosine kinase inhibitor dasatinib with the organic cation transporter 2. Arch Toxicol 2024; 98:2131-2142. [PMID: 38589558 PMCID: PMC11169033 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-024-03742-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Oxaliplatin (OHP) is effective in colorectal cancer treatment but induces peripheral neurotoxicity (OHP-induced peripheral neurotoxicity, OIPN), diminishing survivor quality of life. Organic cation transporter 2 (OCT2) is a key OHP uptake pathway in dorsal root ganglia. Competing for OCT2-mediated OHP uptake, such as with the tyrosine kinase inhibitor dasatinib, may mitigate OHP side effects. We investigated OHP and dasatinib interaction with OCT2 in human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK293) cells expressing OCT2 within a 10-3 to 10-7 M concentration range. Uptake competition experiments using fluorescent organic cation 4-(4-dimethylaminostyryl)-N-methylpyridinium (ASP+, 1 µM) and mass spectrometry (MS) to determine cellular platinum content indicated that OHP (100 µM) is an OCT2 substrate, mediating OHP cellular toxicity. ASP+ and MS analysis revealed dasatinib as a non-transported inhibitor of hOCT2 (IC50 = 5.9 µM) and as a regulator of OCT2 activity. Dasatinib reduced transporter Vmax, potentially via Y544 phosphorylation suppression. MS analysis showed cellular dasatinib accumulation independent of hOCT2. Although 3 µM dasatinib reduced 100 µM OHP accumulation in hOCT2-HEK293 cells, co-incubation with dasatinib and OHP did not prevent OHP toxicity, possibly due to dasatinib-induced cell viability reduction. In summary, this study demonstrates OHP as an OCT2 substrate and dasatinib as a non-transported inhibitor and regulator of OCT2, offering potential for OIPN mitigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Ahmed Eltayeb
- Medizinische Klinik D, Experimentelle Nephrologie, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1/A14, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Julia M Dressler
- Institut Für Anorganische Und Analytische Chemie, Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Lukas Schlatt
- Institut Für Anorganische Und Analytische Chemie, Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Moritz Pernecker
- Medizinische Klinik D, Experimentelle Nephrologie, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1/A14, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Ute Neugebauer
- Medizinische Klinik D, Experimentelle Nephrologie, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1/A14, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Uwe Karst
- Institut Für Anorganische Und Analytische Chemie, Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Giuliano Ciarimboli
- Medizinische Klinik D, Experimentelle Nephrologie, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1/A14, 48149, Münster, Germany.
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Yang Y, Zhao B, Lan H, Sun J, Wei G. Bortezomib-induced peripheral neuropathy: Clinical features, molecular basis, and therapeutic approach. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2024; 197:104353. [PMID: 38615869 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2024.104353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Bortezomib is the first-line standard and most effective chemotherapeutic for multiple myeloma; however, bortezomib-induced peripheral neuropathy (BIPN) severely affects the chemotherapy regimen and has long-term impact on patients under maintenance therapy. The pathogenesis of BIPN is poorly understood, and basic research and development of BIPN management drugs are in early stages. Besides chemotherapy dose reduction and regimen modification, no recommended prevention and treatment approaches are available for BIPN apart from the International Myeloma Working Group guidelines for peripheral neuropathy in myeloma. An in-depth exploration of the pathogenesis of BIPN, development of additional therapeutic approaches, and identification of risk factors are needed. Optimizing effective and standardized BIPN treatment plans and providing more decision-making evidence for clinical diagnosis and treatment of BIPN are necessary. This article reviews the recent advances in BIPN research; provides an overview of clinical features, underlying molecular mechanisms, and therapeutic approaches; and highlights areas for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing Lishui District Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China; Department of General Surgery, Changshu No. 1 People's Hospital, Affiliated Changshu Hospital of Soochow University, Changshu, China; Jiangsu Provincial Medical Innovation Center, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
| | - Bing Zhao
- Jiangsu Provincial Medical Innovation Center, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongli Lan
- Jiangsu Provincial Medical Innovation Center, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinbing Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Changshu No. 1 People's Hospital, Affiliated Changshu Hospital of Soochow University, Changshu, China.
| | - Guoli Wei
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing Lishui District Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Provincial Medical Innovation Center, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China; Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
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Galetin A, Brouwer KLR, Tweedie D, Yoshida K, Sjöstedt N, Aleksunes L, Chu X, Evers R, Hafey MJ, Lai Y, Matsson P, Riselli A, Shen H, Sparreboom A, Varma MVS, Yang J, Yang X, Yee SW, Zamek-Gliszczynski MJ, Zhang L, Giacomini KM. Membrane transporters in drug development and as determinants of precision medicine. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2024; 23:255-280. [PMID: 38267543 PMCID: PMC11464068 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-023-00877-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
The effect of membrane transporters on drug disposition, efficacy and safety is now well recognized. Since the initial publication from the International Transporter Consortium, significant progress has been made in understanding the roles and functions of transporters, as well as in the development of tools and models to assess and predict transporter-mediated activity, toxicity and drug-drug interactions (DDIs). Notable advances include an increased understanding of the effects of intrinsic and extrinsic factors on transporter activity, the application of physiologically based pharmacokinetic modelling in predicting transporter-mediated drug disposition, the identification of endogenous biomarkers to assess transporter-mediated DDIs and the determination of the cryogenic electron microscopy structures of SLC and ABC transporters. This article provides an overview of these key developments, highlighting unanswered questions, regulatory considerations and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Galetin
- Centre for Applied Pharmacokinetic Research, School of Health Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
| | - Kim L R Brouwer
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | - Kenta Yoshida
- Clinical Pharmacology, Genentech Research and Early Development, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Noora Sjöstedt
- Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lauren Aleksunes
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Xiaoyan Chu
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, Metabolism, and Bioanalytics, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA
| | - Raymond Evers
- Preclinical Sciences and Translational Safety, Johnson & Johnson, Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Spring House, PA, USA
| | - Michael J Hafey
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, Metabolism, and Bioanalytics, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA
| | - Yurong Lai
- Drug Metabolism, Gilead Sciences Inc., Foster City, CA, USA
| | - Pär Matsson
- Department of Pharmacology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Andrew Riselli
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Hong Shen
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Bristol Myers Squibb Research and Development, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Alex Sparreboom
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Manthena V S Varma
- Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Medicine Design, Worldwide R&D, Pfizer Inc, Groton, CT, USA
| | - Jia Yang
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Xinning Yang
- Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Sook Wah Yee
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Lei Zhang
- Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Kathleen M Giacomini
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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5
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Lee DW, Park HC, Kim DH. Protective effect of alpha-lipoic acid and epalrestat on oxaliplatin-induced peripheral neuropathy in zebrafish. Muscle Nerve 2024; 69:498-503. [PMID: 38294129 DOI: 10.1002/mus.28047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION/AIMS Oxaliplatin is a platinum-based anti-cancer drug widely used in colorectal cancer patients, but it may cause peripheral neuropathy. As one of the main causes of oxaliplatin-induced peripheral neuropathy (OPN) is oxidative stress, which is also a key factor causing diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN), the aim of this study was to evaluate the preventive effects of alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) and epalrestat (EP), which are used for the treatment of DPN, in an OPN zebrafish model. METHODS Tg(nbt:dsred) transgenic zebrafish, with sensory nerves in the peripheral lateral line, were treated with oxaliplatin, oxaliplatin/EP, and oxaliplatin/ALA for 4 days. A confocal microscope was used to visualize and quantify the number of axon bifurcations in the distal nerve ending. To analyze the formation of synapses on sensory nerve terminals, quantification of membrane-associated guanylate kinase (MAGUK) puncta was performed using immunohistochemistry. RESULTS The number of axon bifurcations and intensity of MAGUK puncta were significantly reduced in the oxaliplatin-treated group compared with those in the embryo medium-treated group. In both the oxaliplatin/EP and oxaliplatin/ALA-treated groups, the number of axon bifurcations and intensity of MAGUK puncta were greater than those in the oxaliplatin-treated group (p < .0001), and no significant difference was observed between larvae treated with oxaliplatin/ALA 1 μM and oxaliplatin/EP 1 μM (p = .4292). DISCUSSION ALA and EP have protective effects against OPN in zebrafish. Our findings show that ALA and EP can facilitate more beneficial treatment for OPN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Won Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea University, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Chul Park
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea University, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hwee Kim
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, College of Medicine, Korea University, Ansan, Republic of Korea
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Li Y, Kazuki Y, Drabison T, Kobayashi K, Fujita KI, Xu Y, Jin Y, Ahmed E, Li J, Eisenmann ED, Baker SD, Cavaletti G, Sparreboom A, Hu S. Vincristine Disposition and Neurotoxicity Are Unchanged in Humanized CYP3A5 Mice. Drug Metab Dispos 2024; 52:80-85. [PMID: 38071551 PMCID: PMC10801630 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.123.001466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have suggested that the incidence of vincristine-induced peripheral neuropathy (VIPN) is potentially linked with cytochrome P450 (CYP)3A5, a polymorphic enzyme that metabolizes vincristine in vitro, and with concurrent use of azole antifungals such as ketoconazole. The assumed mechanism for these interactions is through modulation of CYP3A-mediated metabolism, leading to decreased vincristine clearance and increased susceptibility to VIPN. Given the controversy surrounding the contribution of these mechanisms, we directly tested these hypotheses in genetically engineered mouse models with a deficiency of the entire murine Cyp3a locus [Cyp3a(-/-) mice] and in humanized transgenic animals with hepatic expression of functional and nonfunctional human CYP3A5 variants. Compared with wild-type mice, the systemic exposure to vincristine was increased by only 1.15-fold (95% confidence interval, 0.84-1.58) in Cyp3a(-/-) mice, suggesting that the clearance of vincristine in mice is largely independent of hepatic Cyp3a function. In line with these observations, we found that Cyp3a deficiency or pretreatment with the CYP3A inhibitors ketoconazole or nilotinib did not influence the severity and time course of VIPN and that exposure to vincristine was not substantially altered in humanized CYP3A5*3 mice or humanized CYP3A5*1 mice compared with Cyp3a(-/-) mice. Our study suggests that the contribution of CYP3A5-mediated metabolism to vincristine elimination and the associated drug-drug interaction potential is limited and that plasma levels of vincristine are unlikely to be strongly predictive of VIPN. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The current study suggests that CYP3A5 genotype status does not substantially influence vincristine disposition and neurotoxicity in translationally relevant murine models. These findings raise concerns about the causality of previously reported relationships between variant CYP3A5 genotypes or concomitant azole use with the incidence of vincristine neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio (Y.L., T.D., Y.X., Y.J., E.A., E.D.E., S.D.B., A.S., S.H.); Department of Chromosome Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Japan (Y.K.); Chromosome Engineering Research Center, Tottori University, Japan (Y.K.); Chromosome Engineering Research Group, The Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Japan (Y.K.); Department of Biopharmaceutics, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo, Japan (K.K.); Division of Cancer Genome and Pharmacotherapy, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Showa University School of Pharmacy, Tokyo, Japan (K.F.); Experimental Neurology Unit and Milan Center for Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy (G.C.); Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo deiTintori, Monza, Italy (G.C.); and Division of Outcomes and Translational Sciences, College of Pharmacy & Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio (J.L., S.H.)
| | - Yasuhiro Kazuki
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio (Y.L., T.D., Y.X., Y.J., E.A., E.D.E., S.D.B., A.S., S.H.); Department of Chromosome Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Japan (Y.K.); Chromosome Engineering Research Center, Tottori University, Japan (Y.K.); Chromosome Engineering Research Group, The Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Japan (Y.K.); Department of Biopharmaceutics, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo, Japan (K.K.); Division of Cancer Genome and Pharmacotherapy, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Showa University School of Pharmacy, Tokyo, Japan (K.F.); Experimental Neurology Unit and Milan Center for Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy (G.C.); Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo deiTintori, Monza, Italy (G.C.); and Division of Outcomes and Translational Sciences, College of Pharmacy & Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio (J.L., S.H.)
| | - Thomas Drabison
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio (Y.L., T.D., Y.X., Y.J., E.A., E.D.E., S.D.B., A.S., S.H.); Department of Chromosome Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Japan (Y.K.); Chromosome Engineering Research Center, Tottori University, Japan (Y.K.); Chromosome Engineering Research Group, The Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Japan (Y.K.); Department of Biopharmaceutics, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo, Japan (K.K.); Division of Cancer Genome and Pharmacotherapy, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Showa University School of Pharmacy, Tokyo, Japan (K.F.); Experimental Neurology Unit and Milan Center for Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy (G.C.); Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo deiTintori, Monza, Italy (G.C.); and Division of Outcomes and Translational Sciences, College of Pharmacy & Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio (J.L., S.H.)
| | - Kaoru Kobayashi
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio (Y.L., T.D., Y.X., Y.J., E.A., E.D.E., S.D.B., A.S., S.H.); Department of Chromosome Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Japan (Y.K.); Chromosome Engineering Research Center, Tottori University, Japan (Y.K.); Chromosome Engineering Research Group, The Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Japan (Y.K.); Department of Biopharmaceutics, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo, Japan (K.K.); Division of Cancer Genome and Pharmacotherapy, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Showa University School of Pharmacy, Tokyo, Japan (K.F.); Experimental Neurology Unit and Milan Center for Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy (G.C.); Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo deiTintori, Monza, Italy (G.C.); and Division of Outcomes and Translational Sciences, College of Pharmacy & Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio (J.L., S.H.)
| | - Ken-Ichi Fujita
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio (Y.L., T.D., Y.X., Y.J., E.A., E.D.E., S.D.B., A.S., S.H.); Department of Chromosome Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Japan (Y.K.); Chromosome Engineering Research Center, Tottori University, Japan (Y.K.); Chromosome Engineering Research Group, The Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Japan (Y.K.); Department of Biopharmaceutics, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo, Japan (K.K.); Division of Cancer Genome and Pharmacotherapy, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Showa University School of Pharmacy, Tokyo, Japan (K.F.); Experimental Neurology Unit and Milan Center for Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy (G.C.); Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo deiTintori, Monza, Italy (G.C.); and Division of Outcomes and Translational Sciences, College of Pharmacy & Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio (J.L., S.H.)
| | - Yue Xu
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio (Y.L., T.D., Y.X., Y.J., E.A., E.D.E., S.D.B., A.S., S.H.); Department of Chromosome Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Japan (Y.K.); Chromosome Engineering Research Center, Tottori University, Japan (Y.K.); Chromosome Engineering Research Group, The Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Japan (Y.K.); Department of Biopharmaceutics, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo, Japan (K.K.); Division of Cancer Genome and Pharmacotherapy, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Showa University School of Pharmacy, Tokyo, Japan (K.F.); Experimental Neurology Unit and Milan Center for Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy (G.C.); Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo deiTintori, Monza, Italy (G.C.); and Division of Outcomes and Translational Sciences, College of Pharmacy & Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio (J.L., S.H.)
| | - Yan Jin
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio (Y.L., T.D., Y.X., Y.J., E.A., E.D.E., S.D.B., A.S., S.H.); Department of Chromosome Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Japan (Y.K.); Chromosome Engineering Research Center, Tottori University, Japan (Y.K.); Chromosome Engineering Research Group, The Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Japan (Y.K.); Department of Biopharmaceutics, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo, Japan (K.K.); Division of Cancer Genome and Pharmacotherapy, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Showa University School of Pharmacy, Tokyo, Japan (K.F.); Experimental Neurology Unit and Milan Center for Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy (G.C.); Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo deiTintori, Monza, Italy (G.C.); and Division of Outcomes and Translational Sciences, College of Pharmacy & Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio (J.L., S.H.)
| | - Eman Ahmed
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio (Y.L., T.D., Y.X., Y.J., E.A., E.D.E., S.D.B., A.S., S.H.); Department of Chromosome Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Japan (Y.K.); Chromosome Engineering Research Center, Tottori University, Japan (Y.K.); Chromosome Engineering Research Group, The Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Japan (Y.K.); Department of Biopharmaceutics, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo, Japan (K.K.); Division of Cancer Genome and Pharmacotherapy, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Showa University School of Pharmacy, Tokyo, Japan (K.F.); Experimental Neurology Unit and Milan Center for Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy (G.C.); Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo deiTintori, Monza, Italy (G.C.); and Division of Outcomes and Translational Sciences, College of Pharmacy & Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio (J.L., S.H.)
| | - Junan Li
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio (Y.L., T.D., Y.X., Y.J., E.A., E.D.E., S.D.B., A.S., S.H.); Department of Chromosome Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Japan (Y.K.); Chromosome Engineering Research Center, Tottori University, Japan (Y.K.); Chromosome Engineering Research Group, The Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Japan (Y.K.); Department of Biopharmaceutics, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo, Japan (K.K.); Division of Cancer Genome and Pharmacotherapy, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Showa University School of Pharmacy, Tokyo, Japan (K.F.); Experimental Neurology Unit and Milan Center for Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy (G.C.); Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo deiTintori, Monza, Italy (G.C.); and Division of Outcomes and Translational Sciences, College of Pharmacy & Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio (J.L., S.H.)
| | - Eric D Eisenmann
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio (Y.L., T.D., Y.X., Y.J., E.A., E.D.E., S.D.B., A.S., S.H.); Department of Chromosome Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Japan (Y.K.); Chromosome Engineering Research Center, Tottori University, Japan (Y.K.); Chromosome Engineering Research Group, The Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Japan (Y.K.); Department of Biopharmaceutics, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo, Japan (K.K.); Division of Cancer Genome and Pharmacotherapy, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Showa University School of Pharmacy, Tokyo, Japan (K.F.); Experimental Neurology Unit and Milan Center for Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy (G.C.); Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo deiTintori, Monza, Italy (G.C.); and Division of Outcomes and Translational Sciences, College of Pharmacy & Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio (J.L., S.H.)
| | - Sharyn D Baker
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio (Y.L., T.D., Y.X., Y.J., E.A., E.D.E., S.D.B., A.S., S.H.); Department of Chromosome Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Japan (Y.K.); Chromosome Engineering Research Center, Tottori University, Japan (Y.K.); Chromosome Engineering Research Group, The Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Japan (Y.K.); Department of Biopharmaceutics, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo, Japan (K.K.); Division of Cancer Genome and Pharmacotherapy, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Showa University School of Pharmacy, Tokyo, Japan (K.F.); Experimental Neurology Unit and Milan Center for Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy (G.C.); Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo deiTintori, Monza, Italy (G.C.); and Division of Outcomes and Translational Sciences, College of Pharmacy & Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio (J.L., S.H.)
| | - Guido Cavaletti
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio (Y.L., T.D., Y.X., Y.J., E.A., E.D.E., S.D.B., A.S., S.H.); Department of Chromosome Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Japan (Y.K.); Chromosome Engineering Research Center, Tottori University, Japan (Y.K.); Chromosome Engineering Research Group, The Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Japan (Y.K.); Department of Biopharmaceutics, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo, Japan (K.K.); Division of Cancer Genome and Pharmacotherapy, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Showa University School of Pharmacy, Tokyo, Japan (K.F.); Experimental Neurology Unit and Milan Center for Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy (G.C.); Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo deiTintori, Monza, Italy (G.C.); and Division of Outcomes and Translational Sciences, College of Pharmacy & Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio (J.L., S.H.)
| | - Alex Sparreboom
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio (Y.L., T.D., Y.X., Y.J., E.A., E.D.E., S.D.B., A.S., S.H.); Department of Chromosome Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Japan (Y.K.); Chromosome Engineering Research Center, Tottori University, Japan (Y.K.); Chromosome Engineering Research Group, The Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Japan (Y.K.); Department of Biopharmaceutics, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo, Japan (K.K.); Division of Cancer Genome and Pharmacotherapy, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Showa University School of Pharmacy, Tokyo, Japan (K.F.); Experimental Neurology Unit and Milan Center for Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy (G.C.); Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo deiTintori, Monza, Italy (G.C.); and Division of Outcomes and Translational Sciences, College of Pharmacy & Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio (J.L., S.H.)
| | - Shuiying Hu
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio (Y.L., T.D., Y.X., Y.J., E.A., E.D.E., S.D.B., A.S., S.H.); Department of Chromosome Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Japan (Y.K.); Chromosome Engineering Research Center, Tottori University, Japan (Y.K.); Chromosome Engineering Research Group, The Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Japan (Y.K.); Department of Biopharmaceutics, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo, Japan (K.K.); Division of Cancer Genome and Pharmacotherapy, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Showa University School of Pharmacy, Tokyo, Japan (K.F.); Experimental Neurology Unit and Milan Center for Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy (G.C.); Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo deiTintori, Monza, Italy (G.C.); and Division of Outcomes and Translational Sciences, College of Pharmacy & Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio (J.L., S.H.)
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7
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Du J, Sudlow LC, Luzhansky ID, Berezin MY. DRG Explant Model: Elucidating Mechanisms of Oxaliplatin-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy and Identifying Potential Therapeutic Targets. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.05.560580. [PMID: 37873159 PMCID: PMC10592953 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.05.560580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Oxaliplatin triggered chemotherapy induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a common and debilitating side effect of cancer treatment which limits the efficacy of chemotherapy and negatively impacts patients quality of life dramatically. For better understanding the mechanisms of CIPN and screen for potential therapeutic targets, it is critical to have reliable in vitro assays that effectively mirror the neuropathy in vivo . In this study, we established a dorsal root ganglia (DRG) explant model. This model displayed dose-dependent inhibition of neurite outgrowth in response to oxaliplatin, while oxalic acid exhibited no significant impact on the regrowth of DRG. The robustness of this assay was further demonstrated by the inhibition of OCT2 transporter, which facilitates oxaliplatin accumulation in neurons, fully restoring the neurite regrowth capacity. Using this model, we revealed that oxaliplatin triggered a substantial increase of oxidative stress in DRG. Notably, inhibition of TXNIP with verapamil significantly reduced oxidative stress level. Our results demonstrated the use of DRG explants as an efficient model to study the mechanisms of CIPN and screen for potential treatments.
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8
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Cheng F, Zhang R, Sun C, Ran Q, Zhang C, Shen C, Yao Z, Wang M, Song L, Peng C. Oxaliplatin-induced peripheral neurotoxicity in colorectal cancer patients: mechanisms, pharmacokinetics and strategies. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1231401. [PMID: 37593174 PMCID: PMC10427877 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1231401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy is a standard treatment approach for colorectal cancer (CRC). However, oxaliplatin-induced peripheral neurotoxicity (OIPN) is a severe dose-limiting clinical problem that might lead to treatment interruption. This neuropathy may be reversible after treatment discontinuation. Its complicated mechanisms are related to DNA damage, dysfunction of voltage-gated ion channels, neuroinflammation, transporters, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction, etc. Several strategies have been proposed to diminish OIPN without compromising the efficacy of adjuvant therapy, namely, combination with chemoprotectants (such as glutathione, Ca/Mg, ibudilast, duloxetine, etc.), chronomodulated infusion, dose reduction, reintroduction of oxaliplatin and topical administration [hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (HAIC), pressurized intraperitoneal aerosol chemotherapy (PIPAC), and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC)]. This article provides recent updates related to the potential mechanisms, therapeutic strategies in treatment of OIPN, and pharmacokinetics of several methods of oxaliplatin administration in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ruoqi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Chen Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Qian Ran
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Cuihan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Changhong Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ziqing Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Miao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Lin Song
- Department of Pharmacy, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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9
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Li Y, Drabison T, Nepal M, Ho RH, Leblanc AF, Gibson AA, Jin Y, Yang W, Huang KM, Uddin ME, Chen M, DiGiacomo DF, Chen X, Razzaq S, Tonniges JR, McTigue DM, Mims AS, Lustberg MB, Wang Y, Hummon AB, Evans WE, Baker SD, Cavaletti G, Sparreboom A, Hu S. Targeting a xenobiotic transporter to ameliorate vincristine-induced sensory neuropathy. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e164646. [PMID: 37347545 PMCID: PMC10443802 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.164646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Vincristine is a widely used chemotherapeutic drug for the treatment of multiple malignant diseases that causes a dose-limiting peripheral neurotoxicity. There is no clinically effective preventative treatment for vincristine-induced sensory peripheral neurotoxicity (VIPN), and mechanistic details of this side effect remain poorly understood. We hypothesized that VIPN is dependent on transporter-mediated vincristine accumulation in dorsal root ganglion neurons. Using a xenobiotic transporter screen, we identified OATP1B3 as a neuronal transporter regulating the uptake of vincristine. In addition, genetic or pharmacological inhibition of the murine orthologue transporter OATP1B2 protected mice from various hallmarks of VIPN - including mechanical allodynia, thermal hyperalgesia, and changes in digital maximal action potential amplitudes and neuronal morphology - without negatively affecting plasma levels or antitumor effects of vincristine. Finally, we identified α-tocopherol from an untargeted metabolomics analysis as a circulating endogenous biomarker of neuronal OATP1B2 function, and it could serve as a companion diagnostic to guide dose selection of OATP1B-type transport modulators given in combination with vincristine to prevent VIPN. Collectively, our findings shed light on the fundamental basis of VIPN and provide a rationale for the clinical development of transporter inhibitors to prevent this debilitating side effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy & Comprehensive Cancer Center, and
- Division of Outcomes and Translational Sciences, College of Pharmacy & Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Thomas Drabison
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy & Comprehensive Cancer Center, and
| | - Mahesh Nepal
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy & Comprehensive Cancer Center, and
- Division of Outcomes and Translational Sciences, College of Pharmacy & Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Richard H. Ho
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Alix F. Leblanc
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy & Comprehensive Cancer Center, and
| | - Alice A. Gibson
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy & Comprehensive Cancer Center, and
| | - Yan Jin
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy & Comprehensive Cancer Center, and
| | - Wenjian Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Kevin M. Huang
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy & Comprehensive Cancer Center, and
| | - Muhammad Erfan Uddin
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy & Comprehensive Cancer Center, and
| | - Mingqing Chen
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy & Comprehensive Cancer Center, and
| | - Duncan F. DiGiacomo
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy & Comprehensive Cancer Center, and
| | - Xihui Chen
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy & Comprehensive Cancer Center, and
| | - Sobia Razzaq
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy & Comprehensive Cancer Center, and
| | | | - Dana M. McTigue
- The Belford Center for Spinal Cord Injury & Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, and
| | - Alice S. Mims
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Maryam B. Lustberg
- The Breast Center at Smilow Cancer Hospital at Yale, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Yijia Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry & Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Amanda B. Hummon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry & Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - William E. Evans
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Sharyn D. Baker
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy & Comprehensive Cancer Center, and
| | - Guido Cavaletti
- Experimental Neurology Unit and Milan Center for Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Alex Sparreboom
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy & Comprehensive Cancer Center, and
| | - Shuiying Hu
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy & Comprehensive Cancer Center, and
- Division of Outcomes and Translational Sciences, College of Pharmacy & Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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10
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Hucke A, Schröter R, Ceresa C, Chiorazzi A, Canta A, Semperboni S, Marmiroli P, Cavaletti G, Gess B, Ciarimboli G. Role of Mouse Organic Cation Transporter 2 for Nephro- and Peripheral Neurotoxicity Induced by Chemotherapeutic Treatment with Cisplatin. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11486. [PMID: 37511245 PMCID: PMC10380567 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin (CDDP) is an efficient chemotherapeutic agent broadly used to treat solid cancers. Chemotherapy with CDDP can cause significant unwanted side effects such as renal toxicity and peripheral neurotoxicity. CDDP is a substrate of organic cation transporters (OCT), transporters that are highly expressed in renal tissue. Therefore, CDDP uptake by OCT may play a role in causing unwanted toxicities of CDDP anticancer treatment. In this study, the contribution of the mouse OCT2 (mOCT2) to CDDP nephro- and peripheral neurotoxicity was investigated by comparing the effects of cyclic treatment with low doses of CDDP on renal and neurological functions in wild-type (WT) mice and mice with genetic deletion of OCT2 (OCT2-/- mice). This CDDP treatment protocol caused significant impairment of kidneys and peripherical neurological functions in WT mice. These effects were significantly reduced in OCT2-/- mice, however, less profoundly than what was previously measured in mice with genetic deletion of both OCT1 and 2 (OCT1-2-/- mice). Comparing the apparent affinities (IC50) of mOCT1 and mOCT2 for CDDP, the mOCT1 displayed a higher affinity for CDDP than the mOCT2 (IC50: 9 and 558 µM, respectively). Also, cellular toxicity induced by incubation with 100 µM CDDP was more pronounced in cells stably expressing mOCT1 than in cells expressing mOCT2. Therefore, in mice, CDDP uptake by both OCT1 and 2 contributes to the development of CDDP undesired side effects. OCT seem to be suitable targets for establishing treatment protocols aimed at decreasing unwanted CDDP toxicity and improving anticancer treatment with CDDP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Hucke
- Experimentelle Nephrologie, Medizinische Klinik D, Universitätsklinikum Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany; (A.H.); (R.S.)
| | - Rita Schröter
- Experimentelle Nephrologie, Medizinische Klinik D, Universitätsklinikum Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany; (A.H.); (R.S.)
| | - Cecilia Ceresa
- Experimental Neurology Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (C.C.); (A.C.); (A.C.); (S.S.); (P.M.); (G.C.)
| | - Alessia Chiorazzi
- Experimental Neurology Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (C.C.); (A.C.); (A.C.); (S.S.); (P.M.); (G.C.)
| | - Annalisa Canta
- Experimental Neurology Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (C.C.); (A.C.); (A.C.); (S.S.); (P.M.); (G.C.)
| | - Sara Semperboni
- Experimental Neurology Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (C.C.); (A.C.); (A.C.); (S.S.); (P.M.); (G.C.)
| | - Paola Marmiroli
- Experimental Neurology Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (C.C.); (A.C.); (A.C.); (S.S.); (P.M.); (G.C.)
| | - Guido Cavaletti
- Experimental Neurology Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (C.C.); (A.C.); (A.C.); (S.S.); (P.M.); (G.C.)
- Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Burkhard Gess
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany;
- Department of Neurology, Evangelisches Klinikum Bethel, University of Bielefeld, 33617 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Giuliano Ciarimboli
- Experimentelle Nephrologie, Medizinische Klinik D, Universitätsklinikum Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany; (A.H.); (R.S.)
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11
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Marmouzi I, Myers S, Buck DJ, Davis RL, Arias HR. α7 Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor potentiation downregulates chemotherapy-induced inflammatory overactivation by overlapping intracellular mechanisms. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2023; 158:106405. [PMID: 36966906 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2023.106405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
We studied, using a combination of animal and cellular models, the glial mechanisms underlying the anti-neuropathic and anti-inflammatory properties of PAM-2 [(E)-3-furan-2-yl-N-p-tolyl-acrylamide], a positive allosteric modulator of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). In mice, PAM-2 decreased the inflammatory process induced by the combination of oxaliplatin (OXA), a chemotherapeutic agent, and interleukin-1β (IL-1β), a pro-inflammatory molecule. In the brain and spinal cord of treated animals, PAM-2 reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines/chemokines by mechanisms involving mRNA downregulation of factors in the toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/nuclear factor (NF)-κB pathway, and increased the precursor of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (proBDNF). To determine the molecular mechanisms underlying the anti-inflammatory activity of PAM-2, both human C20 microglia and normal human astrocytes (NHA) were used. The results showed that PAM-2-induced potentiation of glial α7 nAChRs decreases OXA/IL-1β-induced overexpression of inflammatory molecules by different mechanisms, including mRNA downregulation of factors in the NF-κB pathway (in microglia and astrocyte) and ERK (only in microglia). The OXA/IL-1β-mediated reduction in proBDNF was prevented by PAM-2 in microglia, but not in astrocytes. Our findings also indicate that OXA/IL-1β-induced organic cation transporter 1 (OCT1) expression is decreased by PAM-2, suggesting that decreased OXA influx may be involved in the protective effects of PAM-2. The α7-selective antagonist methyllycaconitine blocked the most important effects mediated by PAM-2 at both animal and cellular levels, supporting a mechanism involving α7 nAChRs. In conclusion, glial α7 nAChR stimulation/potentiation downregulates neuroinflammatory targets, and thereby remains a promising therapeutic option for cancer chemotherapy-induced neuroinflammation and neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilias Marmouzi
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | - Stephanie Myers
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | - Daniel J Buck
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | - Randall L Davis
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, OK, USA.
| | - Hugo R Arias
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, OK, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Oklahoma State University College of Osteopathic Medicine at Cherokee Nation, Tahlequah, OK, USA
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12
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Puris E, Fricker G, Gynther M. The Role of Solute Carrier Transporters in Efficient Anticancer Drug Delivery and Therapy. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020364. [PMID: 36839686 PMCID: PMC9966068 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Transporter-mediated drug resistance is a major obstacle in anticancer drug delivery and a key reason for cancer drug therapy failure. Membrane solute carrier (SLC) transporters play a crucial role in the cellular uptake of drugs. The expression and function of the SLC transporters can be down-regulated in cancer cells, which limits the uptake of drugs into the tumor cells, resulting in the inefficiency of the drug therapy. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of low-SLC-transporter-expression-mediated drug resistance in different types of cancers. Recent advances in SLC-transporter-targeting strategies include the development of transporter-utilizing prodrugs and nanocarriers and the modulation of SLC transporter expression in cancer cells. These strategies will play an important role in the future development of anticancer drug therapies by enabling the efficient delivery of drugs into cancer cells.
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13
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Cusato J, Borghetti A, Teti E, Milesi M, Tettoni MC, Bonora S, Trunfio M, D’Avolio A, Compagno M, Di Giambenedetto S, Di Perri G, Calcagno A. Dolutegravir Discontinuation for Neuropsychiatric Symptoms in People Living with HIV and Their Outcomes after Treatment Change: A Pharmacogenetic Study. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12121202. [PMID: 36557240 PMCID: PMC9781993 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12121202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropsychiatric symptoms have been reported in patients receiving dolutegravir, a known inhibitor of the renal and neuronal-expressed organic anion transporter 2 (encoded by SLC22A2 gene). The effect of the genetic variant SLC22A2 808C>A on dolutegravir discontinuation was assessed and analyzed by real-time PCR. We enrolled 627 participants: CA/AA carriers showed a higher prevalence of pre-existing psychiatric comorbidities and use of antidepressants. After 27.9 months, 108 participants discontinued dolutegravir, 64 for neuropsychiatric symptoms. Patients with pre-existing psychiatric comorbidities were at higher risk of dolutegravir discontinuation, while patients carrying the SLC22A2 CA/AA genotype were not. Combining the two variables, an opposite effect of SLC22A2 variants according to pre-existing psychiatric disorders was observed. Using multivariate Cox models, the combined variable pre-existing psychiatric comorbidities/SLC22A2 variants and the use of non-tenofovir alafenamide containing antiretroviral regimens were predictors of dolutegravir discontinuation for neuropsychiatric symptoms. Within 30 days, the majority of participants had a complete resolution of symptoms (61.8%), while 32.7% and 5.5% had partial or no change after dolutegravir discontinuation, respectively. Discontinuation of dolutegravir for neuropsychiatric symptoms was not uncommon and more frequent in participants with pre-existing psychiatric disorders. We described an interaction between SLC22A2 genetic variant and psychiatric comorbidities. In 38.2% of patients, a complete neuropsychiatric symptoms resolution was not observed after dolutegravir discontinuation suggesting the involvement of additional factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Cusato
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenetics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10149 Turin, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Alberto Borghetti
- Institute of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Teti
- Department of Systems Medicine, Infectious Diseases Clinic, University Hospital “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Maurizio Milesi
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10149 Turin, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Tettoni
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10149 Turin, Italy
| | - Stefano Bonora
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10149 Turin, Italy
| | - Mattia Trunfio
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10149 Turin, Italy
| | - Antonio D’Avolio
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenetics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10149 Turin, Italy
| | - Mirko Compagno
- Department of Systems Medicine, Infectious Diseases Clinic, University Hospital “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Simona Di Giambenedetto
- Institute of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Di Perri
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10149 Turin, Italy
| | - Andrea Calcagno
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10149 Turin, Italy
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14
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Nepal MR, Taheri H, Li Y, Talebi Z, Uddin ME, Jin Y, DiGiacomo DF, Gibson AA, Lustberg MB, Hu S, Sparreboom A. Targeting OCT2 with Duloxetine to Prevent Oxaliplatin-Induced Peripheral Neurotoxicity. CANCER RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2022; 2:1334-1343. [PMID: 36506732 PMCID: PMC9730833 DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.crc-22-0172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Oxaliplatin-induced peripheral neurotoxicity (OIPN) is a debilitating side effect that afflicts ~90% of patients that is initiated by OCT2-dependent uptake of oxaliplatin in DRG neurons. The antidepressant drug duloxetine has been used to treat OIPN, although its usefulness in preventing this side effect remains unclear. We hypothesized that duloxetine has OCT2-inhibitory properties and can be used as an adjunct to oxaliplatin-based regimens to prevent OIPN. Transport studies were performed in cells stably transfected with mouse or human OCT2 and in isolated mouse DRG neurons ex vivo. Wild-type and OCT2-deficient mice were used to assess effects of duloxetine on hallmarks of OIPN, endogenous OCT2 biomarkers, and the pharmacokinetics of oxaliplatin, and the translational feasibility of a duloxetine-oxaliplatin combination was evaluated in various models of colorectal cancer. We found that duloxetine potently inhibited the OCT2-mediated transport of several xenobiotic substrates, including oxaliplatin, in a reversible, concentration-dependent manner, and independent of species and cell context. Furthermore, duloxetine restricted access of these substrates to DRG neurons ex vivo and prevented OIPN in wild-type mice to a degree similar to the complete protection observed in OCT2-deficient mice, without affecting the plasma levels of oxaliplatin. Importantly, the uptake and cytotoxicity of oxaliplatin in tumor cell lines in vitro and in vivo were not negatively influenced by duloxetine. The observed OCT2-targeting properties of duloxetine, combined with the potential for clinical translation, provide support for its further exploration as a therapeutic candidate for studies aimed at preventing OIPN in cancer patients requiring treatment with oxaliplatin. Significance We found that duloxetine has potent OCT2-inhibitory properties and can diminish excessive accumulation of oxaliplatin into DRG neurons. In addition, pre-treatment of mice with duloxetine prevented OIPN without significantly altering the plasma pharmacokinetics and antitumor properties of oxaliplatin. These results suggest that intentional inhibition of OCT2-mediated transport by duloxetine can be employed as a prevention strategy to ameliorate OIPN without compromising the effectiveness of oxaliplatin-based treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh R. Nepal
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
- Division of Outcomes and Translational Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Hanieh Taheri
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
- Division of Outcomes and Translational Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Yang Li
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
- Division of Outcomes and Translational Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Zahra Talebi
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Muhammad Erfan Uddin
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Yan Jin
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Duncan F. DiGiacomo
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Alice A. Gibson
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Maryam B. Lustberg
- The Breast Center at Smilow Cancer Hospital at Yale, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Shuiying Hu
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
- Division of Outcomes and Translational Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
- Corresponding Authors: Shuiying Hu, Division of Outcomes and Translational Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, 496 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio, 43210. Phone: 614-247-6203; Fax: 614-688-4028; E-mail: ; and Alex Sparreboom, Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy and Comprehensive Cancer Center, 496 West 12th Avenue, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, 43210. E-mail:
| | - Alex Sparreboom
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
- Corresponding Authors: Shuiying Hu, Division of Outcomes and Translational Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, 496 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio, 43210. Phone: 614-247-6203; Fax: 614-688-4028; E-mail: ; and Alex Sparreboom, Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy and Comprehensive Cancer Center, 496 West 12th Avenue, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, 43210. E-mail:
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15
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Tay N, Laakso EL, Schweitzer D, Endersby R, Vetter I, Starobova H. Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy in children and adolescent cancer patients. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:1015746. [PMID: 36310587 PMCID: PMC9614173 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.1015746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain cancer and leukemia are the most common cancers diagnosed in the pediatric population and are often treated with lifesaving chemotherapy. However, chemotherapy causes severe adverse effects and chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a major dose-limiting and debilitating side effect. CIPN can greatly impair quality of life and increases morbidity of pediatric patients with cancer, with the accompanying symptoms frequently remaining underdiagnosed. Little is known about the incidence of CIPN, its impact on the pediatric population, and the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms, as most existing information stems from studies in animal models or adult cancer patients. Herein, we aim to provide an understanding of CIPN in the pediatric population and focus on the 6 main substance groups that frequently cause CIPN, namely the vinca alkaloids (vincristine), platinum-based antineoplastics (cisplatin, carboplatin and oxaliplatin), taxanes (paclitaxel and docetaxel), epothilones (ixabepilone), proteasome inhibitors (bortezomib) and immunomodulatory drugs (thalidomide). We discuss the clinical manifestations, assessments and diagnostic tools, as well as risk factors, pathophysiological processes and current pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches for the prevention and treatment of CIPN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolette Tay
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - E-Liisa Laakso
- Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, South Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Daniel Schweitzer
- Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, South Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Raelene Endersby
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Irina Vetter
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
- The School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Hana Starobova
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
- *Correspondence: Hana Starobova,
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16
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Xie C, Li K, Li Y, Peng X, Teng B, He K, Jin A, Wang W, Wei Z. CRISPR-based knockout screening identifies the loss of MIEF2 to enhance oxaliplatin resistance in colorectal cancer through inhibiting the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. Front Oncol 2022; 12:881487. [PMID: 36106106 PMCID: PMC9465453 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.881487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The first-line anticancer agent oxaliplatin (OXL) is the preferred drug for treating colorectal cancer (CRC); however, the development of drug resistance is common in patients treated with OXL, which considerably reduces the efficacy of OXL-based regimens. By performing genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 library knockdown screening, we found that mitochondrial elongation factor 2 (MIEF2) was among the top candidate genes. The OXL-resistant cell lines and organoids developed in the present study showed stable but low expression of MIEF2. Reduced MIEF2 expression may enhance CRC resistance to OXL by reducing mitochondrial stability and inhibiting apoptosis by decreasing cytochrome C release. In conclusion, among the different biomarkers of OXL resistance in CRC, MIEF2 may serve as a specific biomarker of OXL responsiveness and a potential target for the development of therapies to improve chemotherapeutic effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaozheng Xie
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Kang Li
- Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ya Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xudong Peng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Biyun Teng
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Kuan He
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Aishun Jin
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research of Tumor Immunology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wang Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research of Tumor Immunology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Wang Wang, ; Zhengqiang Wei,
| | - Zhengqiang Wei
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Wang Wang, ; Zhengqiang Wei,
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17
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Uddin ME, Eisenmann ED, Li Y, Huang KM, Garrison DA, Talebi Z, Gibson AA, Jin Y, Nepal M, Bonilla IM, Fu Q, Sun X, Millar A, Tarasov M, Jay CE, Cui X, Einolf HJ, Pelis RM, Smith SA, Radwański PB, Sweet DH, König J, Fromm MF, Carnes CA, Hu S, Sparreboom A. MATE1 Deficiency Exacerbates Dofetilide-Induced Proarrhythmia. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:8607. [PMID: 35955741 PMCID: PMC9369325 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Dofetilide is a rapid delayed rectifier potassium current inhibitor widely used to prevent the recurrence of atrial fibrillation and flutter. The clinical use of this drug is associated with increases in QTc interval, which predispose patients to ventricular cardiac arrhythmias. The mechanisms involved in the disposition of dofetilide, including its movement in and out of cardiomyocytes, remain unknown. Using a xenobiotic transporter screen, we identified MATE1 (SLC47A1) as a transporter of dofetilide and found that genetic knockout or pharmacological inhibition of MATE1 in mice was associated with enhanced retention of dofetilide in cardiomyocytes and increased QTc prolongation. The urinary excretion of dofetilide was also dependent on the MATE1 genotype, and we found that this transport mechanism provides a mechanistic basis for previously recorded drug-drug interactions of dofetilide with various contraindicated drugs, including bictegravir, cimetidine, ketoconazole, and verapamil. The translational significance of these observations was examined with a physiologically-based pharmacokinetic model that adequately predicted the drug-drug interaction liabilities in humans. These findings support the thesis that MATE1 serves a conserved cardioprotective role by restricting excessive cellular accumulation and warrant caution against the concurrent administration of potent MATE1 inhibitors and cardiotoxic substrates with a narrow therapeutic window.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Erfan Uddin
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (M.E.U.); (E.D.E.); (Y.L.); (K.M.H.); (D.A.G.); (Z.T.); (A.A.G.); (Y.J.); (M.N.); (Q.F.); (X.S.)
| | - Eric D. Eisenmann
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (M.E.U.); (E.D.E.); (Y.L.); (K.M.H.); (D.A.G.); (Z.T.); (A.A.G.); (Y.J.); (M.N.); (Q.F.); (X.S.)
| | - Yang Li
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (M.E.U.); (E.D.E.); (Y.L.); (K.M.H.); (D.A.G.); (Z.T.); (A.A.G.); (Y.J.); (M.N.); (Q.F.); (X.S.)
| | - Kevin M. Huang
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (M.E.U.); (E.D.E.); (Y.L.); (K.M.H.); (D.A.G.); (Z.T.); (A.A.G.); (Y.J.); (M.N.); (Q.F.); (X.S.)
| | - Dominique A. Garrison
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (M.E.U.); (E.D.E.); (Y.L.); (K.M.H.); (D.A.G.); (Z.T.); (A.A.G.); (Y.J.); (M.N.); (Q.F.); (X.S.)
| | - Zahra Talebi
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (M.E.U.); (E.D.E.); (Y.L.); (K.M.H.); (D.A.G.); (Z.T.); (A.A.G.); (Y.J.); (M.N.); (Q.F.); (X.S.)
| | - Alice A. Gibson
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (M.E.U.); (E.D.E.); (Y.L.); (K.M.H.); (D.A.G.); (Z.T.); (A.A.G.); (Y.J.); (M.N.); (Q.F.); (X.S.)
| | - Yan Jin
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (M.E.U.); (E.D.E.); (Y.L.); (K.M.H.); (D.A.G.); (Z.T.); (A.A.G.); (Y.J.); (M.N.); (Q.F.); (X.S.)
| | - Mahesh Nepal
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (M.E.U.); (E.D.E.); (Y.L.); (K.M.H.); (D.A.G.); (Z.T.); (A.A.G.); (Y.J.); (M.N.); (Q.F.); (X.S.)
| | - Ingrid M. Bonilla
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;
| | - Qiang Fu
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (M.E.U.); (E.D.E.); (Y.L.); (K.M.H.); (D.A.G.); (Z.T.); (A.A.G.); (Y.J.); (M.N.); (Q.F.); (X.S.)
| | - Xinxin Sun
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (M.E.U.); (E.D.E.); (Y.L.); (K.M.H.); (D.A.G.); (Z.T.); (A.A.G.); (Y.J.); (M.N.); (Q.F.); (X.S.)
| | - Alec Millar
- Division of Outcomes and Translational Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (A.M.); (M.T.); (P.B.R.); (C.A.C.); (S.H.)
| | - Mikhail Tarasov
- Division of Outcomes and Translational Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (A.M.); (M.T.); (P.B.R.); (C.A.C.); (S.H.)
| | - Christopher E. Jay
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; (C.E.J.); (D.H.S.)
| | - Xiaoming Cui
- Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, East Hanover, NJ 07936, USA; (X.C.); (H.J.E.); (R.M.P.)
| | - Heidi J. Einolf
- Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, East Hanover, NJ 07936, USA; (X.C.); (H.J.E.); (R.M.P.)
| | - Ryan M. Pelis
- Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, East Hanover, NJ 07936, USA; (X.C.); (H.J.E.); (R.M.P.)
| | - Sakima A. Smith
- OSU Wexner Medical Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Przemysław B. Radwański
- Division of Outcomes and Translational Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (A.M.); (M.T.); (P.B.R.); (C.A.C.); (S.H.)
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Douglas H. Sweet
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; (C.E.J.); (D.H.S.)
| | - Jörg König
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (J.K.); (M.F.F.)
| | - Martin F. Fromm
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (J.K.); (M.F.F.)
| | - Cynthia A. Carnes
- Division of Outcomes and Translational Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (A.M.); (M.T.); (P.B.R.); (C.A.C.); (S.H.)
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Division of Pharmacy Practice and Science, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Shuiying Hu
- Division of Outcomes and Translational Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (A.M.); (M.T.); (P.B.R.); (C.A.C.); (S.H.)
| | - Alex Sparreboom
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (M.E.U.); (E.D.E.); (Y.L.); (K.M.H.); (D.A.G.); (Z.T.); (A.A.G.); (Y.J.); (M.N.); (Q.F.); (X.S.)
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18
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Bignucolo A, Scarabel L, Toffoli G, Cecchin E, De Mattia E. Predicting drug response and toxicity in metastatic colorectal cancer: the role of germline markers. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2022; 15:689-713. [PMID: 35829762 DOI: 10.1080/17512433.2022.2101447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite the introduction of targeted agents leading to therapeutic advances, clinical management of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) is still challenged by significant interindividual variability in treatment outcomes, both in terms of toxicity and therapy efficacy. The study of germline genetic variants could help to personalize and optimize therapeutic approaches in mCRC. AREAS COVERED A systematic review of pharmacogenetic studies in mCRC patients published on PubMed between 2011 and 2021, evaluating the role of germline variants as predictive markers of toxicity and efficacy of drugs currently approved for treatment of mCRC, was perfomed. EXPERT OPINION Despite the large amount of pharmacogenetic data published to date, only a few genetic markers (i.e., DPYD and UGT1A1 variants) reached the clinical practice, mainly to prevent the toxic effects of chemotherapy. The large heterogeneity of available studies represents the major limitation in comparing results and identifying potential markers for clinical use, the role of which remains exploratory in most cases. However, the available published findings are an important starting point for future investigations. They highlighted new promising pharmacogenetic markers within the network of inflammatory and immune response signaling. In addition, the emerging role of previously overlooked rare variants has been pointed out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Bignucolo
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Via Franco Gallini 2, 33081 Aviano (PN), Italy
| | - Lucia Scarabel
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Via Franco Gallini 2, 33081 Aviano (PN), Italy
| | - Giuseppe Toffoli
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Via Franco Gallini 2, 33081 Aviano (PN), Italy
| | - Erika Cecchin
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Via Franco Gallini 2, 33081 Aviano (PN), Italy
| | - Elena De Mattia
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Via Franco Gallini 2, 33081 Aviano (PN), Italy
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19
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Yang L, Wang H, Lu W, Yang G, Lin Z, Chen R, Li H. Quantitative proteomic analysis of oxaliplatin induced peripheral neurotoxicity. J Proteomics 2022; 266:104682. [PMID: 35830924 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2022.104682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Oxaliplatin (OXA)-induced peripheral neurotoxicity (OIPN) is a high-incidence and dose-dependent adverse reaction during OXA treatment. Its underlying mechanisms remain unclear, and no effective treatment or prevention therapies are currently available. Here, we employed a data independent acquisition (DIA)-based quantitative proteomic strategy to investigate the global proteome alterations in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) tissues from mice injected with OXA for different periods. We identified 1128 differentially regulated proteins that were divided into six subclusters according to their alteration trends. Interestingly, these proteins were involved in cellular processes such as cell cycle, ribosomal stress, metabolism, and ion transport. In addition, OXA administration induced abundance changes of ion channels and proteins associated with mitochondrial function and reactive oxygen species production. Furthermore, we investigated the effects of diroximel fumarate (DRF), an FDA-approved oral fumarate drug for the treatment of relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis. Our findings showed that DRF could effectively ameliorate symptoms of OIPN and reduce the level of oxidative stress in mice. Taken together, our study systematically mapped the proteome alteration associated with the neural toxicity of OXA, and the findings could be leveraged to better understand the mechanisms of OIPN and to develop more effect treatment therapies. SIGNIFICANCE: Oxaliplatin (OXA)-induced peripheral neurotoxicity (OIPN) is a high-incidence and dose-dependent adverse reaction with unclear mechanism. Here we employed a data independent acquisition (DIA)-based quantitative proteomic strategy to explore the proteome changes in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) tissues from mice treated by OXA. The findings provided novel insights regarding the mechanisms of OIPN. For example, our data showed that OXA induced a broad disturbance in metabolism, particularly in glycolysis and amino acid metabolism. Additionally, we observed abundance changes of many ion channels and proteins associated with mitochondrial function and reactive oxygen species production. Furthermore, this study provided the first evidence for the possibility of repositioning diroximel fumarate (DRF) for treating OIPN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Hua Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Wanting Lu
- General Surgery Department and Neurology Department, Xuanwu Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Gangqi Yang
- General Surgery Department and Neurology Department, Xuanwu Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Zian Lin
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Analytical Science for Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Ruibing Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Hongyan Li
- General Surgery Department and Neurology Department, Xuanwu Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing 100053, China.
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20
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Hafey MJ, Aleksunes LM, Bridges CC, Brouwer KR, Chien HC, Leslie EM, Hu S, Li Y, Shen J, Sparreboom A, Sprowl J, Tweedie D, Lai Y. Transporters and Toxicity: Insights from the International Transporter Consortium Workshop 4. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2022; 112:527-539. [PMID: 35546260 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.2638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Over the last decade, significant progress been made in elucidating the role of membrane transporters in altering drug disposition, with important toxicological consequences due to changes in localized concentrations of compounds. The topic of "Transporters and Toxicity" was recently highlighted as a scientific session at the International Transporter Consortium (ITC) Workshop 4 in 2021. The current white paper is not intended to be an extensive review on the topic of transporters and toxicity but an opportunity to highlight aspects of the role of transporters in various toxicities with clinically relevant implications as covered during the session. This includes a review of the role of solute carrier transporters in anticancer drug-induced organ injury, transporters as key players in organ barrier function, and the role of transporters in metal/metalloid toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Hafey
- ADME and Discovery Toxicology, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Lauren M Aleksunes
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Christy C Bridges
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Macon, Georgia, USA
| | | | - Huan-Chieh Chien
- Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Elaine M Leslie
- Departments of Physiology and Lab Med and Path, Membrane Protein Disease Research Group, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Shuiying Hu
- Division of Outcomes and Translational Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Yang Li
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Jinshan Shen
- Relay Therapeutics, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alex Sparreboom
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Jason Sprowl
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | | | - Yurong Lai
- Drug Metabolism, Gilead Sciences Inc., Foster City, California, USA
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21
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Sisignano M, Gribbon P, Geisslinger G. Drug Repurposing to Target Neuroinflammation and Sensory Neuron-Dependent Pain. Drugs 2022; 82:357-373. [PMID: 35254645 PMCID: PMC8899787 DOI: 10.1007/s40265-022-01689-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Around 20% of the American population have chronic pain and estimates in other Western countries report similar numbers. This represents a major challenge for global health care systems. Additional problems for the treatment of chronic and persistent pain are the comparably low efficacy of existing therapies, the failure to translate effects observed in preclinical pain models to human patients and related setbacks in clinical trials from previous attempts to develop novel analgesics. Drug repurposing offers an alternative approach to identify novel analgesics as it can bypass various steps of classical drug development. In recent years, several approved drugs were attributed analgesic properties. Here, we review available data and discuss recent findings suggesting that the approved drugs minocycline, fingolimod, pioglitazone, nilotinib, telmisartan, and others, which were originally developed for the treatment of different pathologies, can have analgesic, antihyperalgesic, or neuroprotective effects in preclinical and clinical models of inflammatory or neuropathic pain. For our analysis, we subdivide the drugs into substances that can target neuroinflammation or substances that can act on peripheral sensory neurons, and highlight the proposed mechanisms. Finally, we discuss the merits and challenges of drug repurposing for the development of novel analgesics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Sisignano
- pharmazentrum frankfurt/ZAFES, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany. .,Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596, Frankfurt am Main, Germany. .,Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence for Immune-Mediated Diseases (CIMD), Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Philip Gribbon
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, ScreeningPort, Schnackenburgallee 114, 22525, Hamburg, Germany.,Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence for Immune-Mediated Diseases (CIMD), Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Gerd Geisslinger
- pharmazentrum frankfurt/ZAFES, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence for Immune-Mediated Diseases (CIMD), Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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22
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Glare P, Aubrey K, Gulati A, Lee YC, Moryl N, Overton S. Pharmacologic Management of Persistent Pain in Cancer Survivors. Drugs 2022; 82:275-291. [PMID: 35175587 PMCID: PMC8888381 DOI: 10.1007/s40265-022-01675-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Improvements in screening, diagnosis and treatment of cancer has seen cancer mortality substantially diminish in the past three decades. It is estimated there are almost 20 million cancer survivors in the USA alone, but some 40% live with chronic pain after completing treatment. While a broad definition of survivorship that includes all people living with, through and beyond a cancer diagnosis—including those with active cancer—is often used, this narrative review primarily focuses on the management of pain in people who are disease-free after completing primary cancer treatment as adults. Chronic pain in this population needs a different approach to that used for people with a limited prognosis. After describing the common chronic pain syndromes caused by cancer treatment, and the pathophysiologic mechanisms involved, the pharmacologic management of entities such as post-surgical pain, chemotherapy-induced neuropathy, aromatase inhibitor musculoskeletal syndrome and checkpoint inhibitor-related pain are described. The challenges associated with opioid prescribing in this population are given special attention. Expert guidelines on pain management in cancer survivors now recommend a combination of pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic modalities, and these are also briefly covered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Glare
- Pain Management Research Institute, Kolling Institute, University of Sydney and Northern Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Karin Aubrey
- Pain Management Research Institute, Kolling Institute, University of Sydney and Northern Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Amitabh Gulati
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Yi Ching Lee
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Chris O'Brien Lifehouse, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Natalie Moryl
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Sarah Overton
- Pain Management Research Centre, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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23
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Eltayeb SA, Ciarimboli G, Beul K, Seno Di Marco G, Barz V. Role of Organic Cation Transporter 2 in Autophagy Induced by Platinum Derivatives. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:1090. [PMID: 35163014 PMCID: PMC8834759 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The human organic cation transporter 2 (hOCT2) mediates renal and neuronal cellular cisplatin and oxaliplatin uptake, and therefore plays a significant role in the development of side effects associated with these chemotherapeutic drugs. Autophagy is induced by cisplatin and oxaliplatin treatment and is believed to promote cell survival under stressful conditions. We examined in vitro the role of hOCT2 on autophagy induced by cisplatin and oxaliplatin. We also explored the effect of autophagy on toxicities of these platinum derivatives. Our results indicate that autophagy, measured as LC3 II accumulation and reduction in p62 expression level, is induced in response to cisplatin and oxaliplatin in HEK293-hOCT2 but not in wild-type HEK293 cells. Furthermore, inhibition of autophagy is associated with higher toxicity of platinum derivatives, and starvation was found to offer protection against cisplatin-associated toxicity. In conclusion, activation of autophagy could be a potential strategy to protect against unwanted toxicities induced by treatment with platinum derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giuliano Ciarimboli
- Medicine Clinic D, Experimental Nephrology, University Hospital of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany; (S.A.E.); (K.B.); (G.S.D.M.); (V.B.)
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24
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Egashira N. Pathological Mechanisms and Preventive Strategies of Oxaliplatin-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy. FRONTIERS IN PAIN RESEARCH 2021; 2:804260. [PMID: 35295491 PMCID: PMC8915546 DOI: 10.3389/fpain.2021.804260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxaliplatin, which is widely used in treating cancers such as colorectal cancer, frequently causes peripheral neuropathy. It not only significantly reduces the patient's quality of life due to physical distress but may also result in a change or discontinuation of cancer treatment. Oxaliplatin-induced peripheral neuropathy (OIPN) is classified as acute or chronic depending on the onset time of side effects; however, the prevention and treatment of OIPN has not been established. As these peripheral neuropathies are side effects that occur due to treatment, the administration of effective prophylaxis can effectively prevent their onset. Although transient relief of symptoms such as pain and numbness enable the continuation of cancer treatment, it may result in the worsening of peripheral neuropathy. Thus, understanding the pathological mechanisms of OIPN and finding better preventative measures are important. This review focuses on animal models to address these issues, clarifies the pathological mechanisms of OIPN, and summarizes various approaches to solving OIPN, including targets for preventing OIPN.
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25
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Uddin ME, Talebi Z, Chen S, Jin Y, Gibson AA, Noonan AM, Cheng X, Hu S, Sparreboom A. In Vitro and In Vivo Inhibition of MATE1 by Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13122004. [PMID: 34959286 PMCID: PMC8707461 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13122004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The membrane transport of many cationic prescription drugs depends on facilitated transport by organic cation transporters of which several members, including OCT2 (SLC22A2), are sensitive to inhibition by select tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). We hypothesized that TKIs may differentially interact with the renal transporter MATE1 (SLC47A1) and influence the elimination and toxicity of the MATE1 substrate oxaliplatin. Interactions with FDA-approved TKIs were evaluated in transfected HEK293 cells, and in vivo pharmacokinetic studies were performed in wild-type, MATE1-deficient, and OCT2/MATE1-deficient mice. Of 57 TKIs evaluated, 37 potently inhibited MATE1 function by >80% through a non-competitive, reversible, substrate-independent mechanism. The urinary excretion of oxaliplatin was reduced by about 2-fold in mice with a deficiency of MATE1 or both OCT2 and MATE1 (p < 0.05), without impacting markers of acute renal injury. In addition, genetic or pharmacological inhibition of MATE1 did not significantly alter plasma levels of oxaliplatin, suggesting that MATE1 inhibitors are unlikely to influence the safety or drug-drug interaction liability of oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Erfan Uddin
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (M.E.U.); (Z.T.); (Y.J.); (A.A.G.)
| | - Zahra Talebi
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (M.E.U.); (Z.T.); (Y.J.); (A.A.G.)
| | - Sijie Chen
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (S.C.); (X.C.)
| | - Yan Jin
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (M.E.U.); (Z.T.); (Y.J.); (A.A.G.)
| | - Alice A. Gibson
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (M.E.U.); (Z.T.); (Y.J.); (A.A.G.)
| | - Anne M. Noonan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;
| | - Xiaolin Cheng
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (S.C.); (X.C.)
| | - Shuiying Hu
- Division of Outcomes and Translational Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;
| | - Alex Sparreboom
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (M.E.U.); (Z.T.); (Y.J.); (A.A.G.)
- Correspondence:
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Lee JH, Kim W. Involvement of Serotonergic System in Oxaliplatin-Induced Neuropathic Pain. Biomedicines 2021; 9:970. [PMID: 34440174 PMCID: PMC8394518 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9080970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxaliplatin is a chemotherapeutic agent widely used against colorectal and breast cancers; however, it can also induce peripheral neuropathy that can rapidly occur even after a single infusion in up to 80-90% of treated patients. Numerous efforts have been made to understand the underlying mechanism and find an effective therapeutic agent that could diminish pain without damaging its anti-tumor effect. However, its mechanism is not yet clearly understood. The serotonergic system, as part of the descending pain inhibitory system, has been reported to be involved in different types of pain. The malfunction of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT) or its receptors has been associated with the development and maintenance of pain. However, its role in oxaliplatin-induced neuropathy has not been clearly elucidated. In this review, 16 in vivo studies focused on the role of the serotonergic system in oxaliplatin-induced neuropathic pain were analyzed. Five studies analyzed the involvement of 5-HT, while fourteen studies observed the role of its receptors in oxaliplatin-induced allodynia. The results show that 5-HT is not involved in the development of oxaliplatin-induced allodynia, but increasing the activity of the 5-HT1A, 5-HT2A, and 5-HT3 receptors and decreasing the action of 5-HT2C and 5-HT6 receptors may help inhibit pain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Woojin Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02453, Korea;
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Pasquariello KZ, Dey JM, Sprowl JA. Current Understanding of Membrane Transporters as Regulators or Targets for Cisplatin-Induced Hearing Loss. Mol Pharmacol 2021; 100:348-355. [PMID: 34330821 DOI: 10.1124/molpharm.121.000274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin is a platinum-based drug which remains among the most efficacious anticancer treatment options. Unfortunately, use of cisplatin is hindered by dose-limiting toxicities, including irreversible hearing loss, which can grossly affect patient quality of life. Cisplatin-induced ototoxicity is the result of cochlear hair cell damage through a mechanism that is poorly understood. However, cisplatin cytotoxicity is reliant on intracellular accumulation, a process that is largely dependent on the presence of particular membrane transporters. This review will provide an update on our current understanding of the various transporters known to be involved in the disposition and cytotoxicity of platinum drugs or their metabolites, as well as their role in mediating cisplatin-induced hearing loss. We also provide a summary of the successes and opportunities in therapeutically targeting membrane transporters to alleviate platinum-induced hearing loss. Moreover, we describe how this approach could be used to reduce the severity or onset of other adverse events associated with exposure to various forms of platinum drugs, without diminishing anti-tumor efficacy. Significance Statement Cisplatin-induced hearing loss is a dose limiting and irreversible adverse event with no current preventative or curative treatment measures. Pharmacological targeting of membrane transporters that regulate platinum uptake into cochlear hair cells, if conducted appropriately, may alleviate this devastating side effect and could be applied to alleviate other platinum-induced toxicities.
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Key Words
- Uptake transporters (OATP, OAT, OCT, PEPT, MCT, NTCP, ASBT, etc.)
- cancer chemotherapy
- efflux transporters (P-gp, BCRP, MRP, MATE, BSEP, etc)
- ototoxicity
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jason A Sprowl
- School of Pharmacy, University of Buffalo, United States
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Yi Y, Li L, Song F, Li P, Chen M, Ni S, Zhang H, Zhou H, Zeng S, Jiang H. L-tetrahydropalmatine reduces oxaliplatin accumulation in the dorsal root ganglion and mitochondria through selectively inhibiting the transporter-mediated uptake thereby attenuates peripheral neurotoxicity. Toxicology 2021; 459:152853. [PMID: 34252480 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2021.152853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Oxaliplatin (OXA) is a third-generation platinum drug; however, its application is greatly limited due to the severe peripheral neurotoxicity. This study aims to confirm the transport mechanism of OXA and to explore whether L-tetrahydropalmatine (L-THP) would alleviate OXA-induced peripheral neurotoxicity by selectively inhibiting these uptake transporters in vitro and in vivo. Our results revealed that organic cation transporter 2 (OCT2), organic cation/carnitine transporter 1 (OCTN1) and organic cation/carnitine transporter 2 (OCTN2) were involved in the uptake of OXA in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons and mitochondria, respectively. L-THP (1-100 μM) reduced OXA (40 μM) induced cytotoxicity in MDCK-hOCT2 (Madin-Darby canine kidney, MDCK), MDCK-hOCTN1, MDCK-hOCTN2, and rat primary DRG cells, and decreased the accumulation of OXA in above cells and rat DRG mitochondria, but did not affect its efflux from MDCK-hMRP2 cells. Furthermore, Co-administration of L-THP (5-20 mg/kg for mice, 10-40 mg/kg for rats; twice a week, iv or ig) attenuated OXA (8 mg/kg for mice, 4 mg/kg for rats; twice a week, iv) induced peripheral neurotoxicity and reduced the platinum concentration in the DRG. Whereas, L-THP (1-100 μM for cells; 10-20 mg/kg for mice) did not impair the antitumour efficacy of OXA (40 μM for cells; 8 mg/kg for mice) in HT29 tumour-bearing nude mice nor in tumour cells (HT29 and SW620 cells). In conclusion, OCT2, OCTN1 and OCTN2 contribute to OXA uptake in the DRG and mitochondria. L-THP attenuates OXA-induced peripheral neurotoxicity via inhibiting OXA uptake but without impairing the antitumour efficacy of OXA. L-THP is a potential candidate drug to attenuate OXA-induced peripheral neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaodong Yi
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Liping Li
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Feifeng Song
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Ping Li
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Mingyang Chen
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Shixin Ni
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Hengbin Zhang
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Hui Zhou
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Su Zeng
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Huidi Jiang
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China.
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Abstract
Doxorubicin is a commonly used anticancer agent that can cause debilitating and irreversible cardiac injury. The initiating mechanisms contributing to this side effect remain unknown, and current preventative strategies offer only modest protection. Using stem-cell-derived cardiomyocytes from patients receiving doxorubicin, we probed the transcriptomic landscape of solute carriers and identified organic cation transporter 3 (OCT3) (SLC22A3) as a critical transporter regulating the cardiac accumulation of doxorubicin. Functional validation studies in heterologous overexpression models confirmed that doxorubicin is transported into cardiomyocytes by OCT3 and that deficiency of OCT3 protected mice from acute and chronic doxorubicin-related changes in cardiovascular function and genetic pathways associated with cardiac damage. To provide proof-of-principle and demonstrate translational relevance of this transport mechanism, we identified several pharmacological inhibitors of OCT3, including nilotinib, and found that pharmacological targeting of OCT3 can also preserve cardiovascular function following treatment with doxorubicin without affecting its plasma levels or antitumor effects in multiple models of leukemia and breast cancer. Finally, we identified a previously unrecognized, OCT3-dependent pathway of doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity that results in a downstream signaling cascade involving the calcium-binding proteins S100A8 and S100A9. These collective findings not only shed light on the etiology of doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity, but also are of potential translational relevance and provide a rationale for the implementation of a targeted intervention strategy to prevent this debilitating side effect.
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30
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Sweet DH. Organic Cation Transporter Expression and Function in the CNS. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2021; 266:41-80. [PMID: 33963461 DOI: 10.1007/164_2021_463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) and blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier (BCSFB) represent major control checkpoints protecting the CNS, by exerting selective control over the movement of organic cations and anions into and out of the CNS compartment. In addition, multiple CNS cell types, e.g., astrocytes, ependymal cells, microglia, contribute to processes that maintain the status quo of the CNS milieu. To fulfill their roles, these barriers and cell types express a multitude of transporter proteins from dozens of different transporter families. Fundamental advances over the past few decades in our knowledge of transporter substrates, expression profiles, and consequences of loss of function are beginning to change basic theories regarding the contribution of various cell types and clearance networks to coordinated neuronal signaling, complex organismal behaviors, and overall CNS homeostasis. In particular, transporters belonging to the Solute Carrier (SLC) superfamily are emerging as major contributors, including the SLC22 organic cation/anion/zwitterion family of transporters (includes OCT1-3 and OCTN1-3), the SLC29 facilitative nucleoside family of transporters (includes PMAT), and the SLC47 multidrug and toxin extrusion family of transporters (includes MATE1-2). These transporters are known to interact with neurotransmitters, antidepressant and anxiolytic agents, and drugs of abuse. Clarifying their contributions to the underlying mechanisms regulating CNS permeation and clearance, as well as the health status of astrocyte, microglial and neuronal cell populations, will drive new levels of understanding as to maintenance of the CNS milieu and approaches to new therapeutics and therapeutic strategies in the treatment of CNS disorders. This chapter highlights organic cation transporters belonging to the SLC superfamily known to be expressed in the CNS, providing an overview of their identification, mechanism of action, CNS expression profile, interaction with neurotransmitters and antidepressant/antipsychotic drugs, and results from behavioral studies conducted in loss of function models (knockout/knockdown).
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas H Sweet
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
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31
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Branca JJV, Carrino D, Gulisano M, Ghelardini C, Di Cesare Mannelli L, Pacini A. Oxaliplatin-Induced Neuropathy: Genetic and Epigenetic Profile to Better Understand How to Ameliorate This Side Effect. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:643824. [PMID: 34026827 PMCID: PMC8138476 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.643824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In the most recent decades, oxaliplatin has been used as a chemotherapeutic agent for colorectal cancer and other malignancies as well. Oxaliplatin interferes with tumor growth predominantly exerting its action in DNA synthesis inhibition by the formation of DNA-platinum adducts that, in turn, leads to cancer cell death. On the other hand, unfortunately, this interaction leads to a plethora of systemic side effects, including those affecting the peripheral and central nervous system. Oxaliplatin therapy has been associated with acute and chronic neuropathic pain that induces physicians to reduce the dose of medication or discontinue treatment. Recently, the capability of oxaliplatin to alter the genetic and epigenetic profiles of the nervous cells has been documented, and the understanding of gene expression and transcriptional changes may help to find new putative treatments for neuropathy. The present article is aimed to review the effects of oxaliplatin on genetic and epigenetic mechanisms to better understand how to ameliorate neuropathic pain in order to enhance the anti-cancer potential and improve patients’ quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo Junio Valerio Branca
- Histology and Anatomy Section, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| | - Donatello Carrino
- Histology and Anatomy Section, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| | - Massimo Gulisano
- Histology and Anatomy Section, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| | - Carla Ghelardini
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Di Cesare Mannelli
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| | - Alessandra Pacini
- Histology and Anatomy Section, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Firenze, Firenze, Italy
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Rimola V, Osthues T, Königs V, Geißlinger G, Sisignano M. Oxaliplatin Causes Transient Changes in TRPM8 Channel Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4962. [PMID: 34066977 PMCID: PMC8125753 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxaliplatin is a third-generation platinum-based anticancer drug that is widely used as first-line treatment for colorectal carcinoma. Patients treated with oxaliplatin develop an acute peripheral pain several hours after treatment, mostly characterized by cold allodynia as well as a long-term chronic neuropathy. These two phenomena seem to be causally connected. However, the underlying mechanisms that trigger the acute peripheral pain are still poorly understood. Here we show that the activity of the transient receptor potential melastatin 8 (TRPM8) channel but not the activity of any other member of the TRP channel family is transiently increased 1 h after oxaliplatin treatment and decreased 24 h after oxaliplatin treatment. Mechanistically, this is connected with activation of the phospholipase C (PLC) pathway and depletion of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) after oxaliplatin treatment. Inhibition of the PLC pathway can reverse the decreased TRPM8 activity as well as the decreased PIP2-concentrations after oxaliplatin treatment. In summary, these results point out transient changes in TRPM8 activity early after oxaliplatin treatment and a later occurring TRPM8 channel desensitization in primary sensory neurons. These mechanisms may explain the transient cold allodynia after oxaliplatin treatment and highlight an important role of TRPM8 in oxaliplatin-induced acute and neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittoria Rimola
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, University Hospital, Goethe-University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (V.R.); (G.G.)
| | - Tabea Osthues
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (T.O.); (V.K.)
| | - Vanessa Königs
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (T.O.); (V.K.)
| | - Gerd Geißlinger
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, University Hospital, Goethe-University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (V.R.); (G.G.)
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (T.O.); (V.K.)
| | - Marco Sisignano
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, University Hospital, Goethe-University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (V.R.); (G.G.)
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (T.O.); (V.K.)
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Kuang X, Chi D, Li J, Guo C, Yang Y, Zhou S, Luo C, Liu H, He Z, Wang Y. Disulfide bond based cascade reduction-responsive Pt(IV) nanoassemblies for improved anti-tumor efficiency and biosafety. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2021; 203:111766. [PMID: 33866279 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2021.111766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The platinum-based drugs prevail in the therapy of malignant tumors treatment. However, their clinical outcomes have been heavily restricted by severe systemic toxicities. To ensure biosafety and efficiency, herein, we constructed a disulfide bond inserted Pt(IV) self-assembled nanoplatform that is selectively activated by rich glutathione (GSH) in tumor site. Disulfide bond was introduced into the conjugates of oxaliplatin (IV) and oleic acid (OA) which conferred cascade reduction-responsiveness to nanoassemblies. Disulfide bond cleavage and reduction of Pt(IV) center occur sequentially as a cascade process. In comparison to oxaliplatin solution, Pt(IV) nanoparticles (NPs) achieved prolonged blood circulation and higher maximum tolerated doses. Furthermore, Oxa(IV)-SS-OA prodrug NPs exhibited potent anti-tumor efficiency against 4T1 cells and low toxicities in other normal tissues, which offers a promising nano-platform for potential clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Kuang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Dongxu Chi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Jinbo Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Chunlin Guo
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Yinxian Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Shuang Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Cong Luo
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Hongzhuo Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Zhonggui He
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Yongjun Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China.
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The Role of Nucleotide Excision Repair in Cisplatin-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy: Mechanism, Prevention, and Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041975. [PMID: 33671279 PMCID: PMC7921932 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Platinum-based chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is one of the most common dose-limiting effects of cancer treatment and results in dose reduction and discontinuation of life-saving chemotherapy. Its debilitating effects are often permanent and lead to lifelong impairment of quality of life in cancer patients. While the mechanisms underlying the toxicity are not yet fully defined, dorsal root ganglia sensory neurons play an integral role in symptom development. DNA-platinum adducts accumulate in these cells and inhibit normal cellular function. Nucleotide excision repair (NER) is integral to the repair of platinum adducts, and proteins involved in its mechanism serve as potential targets for future therapeutics. This review aims to highlight NER’s role in cisplatin-induced peripheral neuropathy, summarize current clinical approaches to the toxicity, and discuss future perspectives for the prevention and treatment of CIPN.
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Li Y, Lustberg MB, Hu S. Emerging Pharmacological and Non-Pharmacological Therapeutics for Prevention and Treatment of Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13040766. [PMID: 33673136 PMCID: PMC7918689 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a common and persistent complication of commonly used chemotherapy drugs. This article provides an overview of emerging therapeutics for the prevention and treatment of CIPN and focuses on pharmacological strategies that are derived from novel mechanistic insights and have the potential to be translated into clinically beneficial approaches. It is our contention to call for fostering collaboration between basic and clinical researchers to improve the development of effective strategies. Abstract Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a common adverse event of several first-line chemotherapeutic agents, including platinum compounds, taxanes, vinca alkaloids, thalidomide, and bortezomib, which negatively affects the quality of life and clinical outcome. Given the dearth of effective established agents for preventing or treating CIPN, and the increasing number of cancer survivors, there is an urgent need for the identification and development of new, effective intervention strategies that can prevent or mitigate this debilitating side effect. Prior failures in the development of effective interventions have been due, at least in part, to a lack of mechanistic understanding of CIPN and problems in translating this mechanistic understanding into testable hypotheses in rationally-designed clinical trials. Recent progress has been made, however, in the pathogenesis of CIPN and has provided new targets and pathways for the development of emerging therapeutics that can be explored clinically to improve the management of this debilitating toxicity. This review focuses on the emerging therapeutics for the prevention and treatment of CIPN, including pharmacological and non-pharmacological strategies, and calls for fostering collaboration between basic and clinical researchers to improve the development of effective strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy & Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;
| | - Maryam B. Lustberg
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Medical Oncology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;
| | - Shuiying Hu
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy & Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-614-685-8028
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Therapeutic Agents for Oxaliplatin-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy; Experimental and Clinical Evidence. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:1393. [PMID: 33573316 PMCID: PMC7866815 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031393&set/a 813269399+839900579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxaliplatin is an essential drug in the chemotherapy of colorectal, gastric, and pancreatic cancers, but it frequently causes peripheral neuropathy as a dose-limiting factor. So far, animal models of oxaliplatin-induced peripheral neuropathy have been established. The mechanisms of development of neuropathy induced by oxaliplatin have been elucidated, and many drugs and agents have been proven to have neuroprotective effects in basic studies. In addition, some of these drugs have been validated in clinical studies for their inhibitory effects on neuropathy. In this review, we summarize the basic and clinical evidence for the therapeutic effects of oxaliplatin. In basic research, there are many reports of neuropathy inhibitors that target oxidative stress, inflammatory response, sodium channel, transient receptor potential (TRP) channel, glutamate nervous system, and monoamine nervous system. Alternatively, very few drugs have clearly demonstrated the efficacy for oxaliplatin-induced peripheral neuropathy in clinical trials. It is important to activate translational research in order to translate basic research into clinical research.
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Therapeutic Agents for Oxaliplatin-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy; Experimental and Clinical Evidence. Int J Mol Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031393
expr 945913974 + 948698388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxaliplatin is an essential drug in the chemotherapy of colorectal, gastric, and pancreatic cancers, but it frequently causes peripheral neuropathy as a dose-limiting factor. So far, animal models of oxaliplatin-induced peripheral neuropathy have been established. The mechanisms of development of neuropathy induced by oxaliplatin have been elucidated, and many drugs and agents have been proven to have neuroprotective effects in basic studies. In addition, some of these drugs have been validated in clinical studies for their inhibitory effects on neuropathy. In this review, we summarize the basic and clinical evidence for the therapeutic effects of oxaliplatin. In basic research, there are many reports of neuropathy inhibitors that target oxidative stress, inflammatory response, sodium channel, transient receptor potential (TRP) channel, glutamate nervous system, and monoamine nervous system. Alternatively, very few drugs have clearly demonstrated the efficacy for oxaliplatin-induced peripheral neuropathy in clinical trials. It is important to activate translational research in order to translate basic research into clinical research.
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Kawashiri T, Mine K, Kobayashi D, Inoue M, Ushio S, Uchida M, Egashira N, Shimazoe T. Therapeutic Agents for Oxaliplatin-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy; Experimental and Clinical Evidence. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031393. [PMID: 33573316 PMCID: PMC7866815 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxaliplatin is an essential drug in the chemotherapy of colorectal, gastric, and pancreatic cancers, but it frequently causes peripheral neuropathy as a dose-limiting factor. So far, animal models of oxaliplatin-induced peripheral neuropathy have been established. The mechanisms of development of neuropathy induced by oxaliplatin have been elucidated, and many drugs and agents have been proven to have neuroprotective effects in basic studies. In addition, some of these drugs have been validated in clinical studies for their inhibitory effects on neuropathy. In this review, we summarize the basic and clinical evidence for the therapeutic effects of oxaliplatin. In basic research, there are many reports of neuropathy inhibitors that target oxidative stress, inflammatory response, sodium channel, transient receptor potential (TRP) channel, glutamate nervous system, and monoamine nervous system. Alternatively, very few drugs have clearly demonstrated the efficacy for oxaliplatin-induced peripheral neuropathy in clinical trials. It is important to activate translational research in order to translate basic research into clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takehiro Kawashiri
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Care, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (K.M.); (D.K.); (M.I.); (T.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-92-642-6573
| | - Keisuke Mine
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Care, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (K.M.); (D.K.); (M.I.); (T.S.)
| | - Daisuke Kobayashi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Care, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (K.M.); (D.K.); (M.I.); (T.S.)
| | - Mizuki Inoue
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Care, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (K.M.); (D.K.); (M.I.); (T.S.)
| | - Soichiro Ushio
- Department of Pharmacy, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama 700-8558, Japan;
| | - Mayako Uchida
- Education and Research Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka 569-1094, Japan;
| | - Nobuaki Egashira
- Department of Pharmacy, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan;
| | - Takao Shimazoe
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Care, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (K.M.); (D.K.); (M.I.); (T.S.)
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Yamamoto S, Egashira N. Pathological Mechanisms of Bortezomib-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020888. [PMID: 33477371 PMCID: PMC7830235 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bortezomib, a first-generation proteasome inhibitor widely used in chemotherapy for hematologic malignancy, has effective anti-cancer activity but often causes severe peripheral neuropathy. Although bortezomib-induced peripheral neuropathy (BIPN) is a dose-limiting toxicity, there are no recommended therapeutics for its prevention or treatment. One of the most critical problems is a lack of knowledge about pathological mechanisms of BIPN. Here, we summarize the known mechanisms of BIPN based on preclinical evidence, including morphological abnormalities, involvement of non-neuronal cells, oxidative stress, and alterations of transcriptional programs in both the peripheral and central nervous systems. Moreover, we describe the necessity of advancing studies that identify the potential efficacy of approved drugs on the basis of pathological mechanisms, as this is a convincing strategy for rapid translation to patients with cancer and BIPN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shota Yamamoto
- Department of Lipid Signaling, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan;
| | - Nobuaki Egashira
- Department of Pharmacy, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-92-642-5920
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Yamamoto S, Egashira N. Drug Repositioning for the Prevention and Treatment of Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy: A Mechanism- and Screening-Based Strategy. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:607780. [PMID: 33519471 PMCID: PMC7840493 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.607780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a severe adverse effect observed in most patients treated with neurotoxic anti-cancer drugs. Currently, there are no therapeutic options available for the prevention of CIPN. Furthermore, few drugs are recommended for the treatment of existing neuropathies because the mechanisms of CIPN remain unclear. Each chemotherapeutic drug induces neuropathy by distinct mechanisms, and thus we need to understand the characteristics of CIPN specific to individual drugs. Here, we review the known pathogenic mechanisms of oxaliplatin- and paclitaxel-induced CIPN, highlighting recent findings. Cancer chemotherapy is performed in a planned manner; therefore, preventive strategies can be planned for CIPN. Drug repositioning studies, which identify the unexpected actions of already approved drugs, have increased in recent years. We have also focused on drug repositioning studies, especially for prevention, because they should be rapidly translated to patients suffering from CIPN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shota Yamamoto
- Department of Lipid Signaling, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Egashira
- Department of Pharmacy, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
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Hertz DL. Exploring pharmacogenetics of paclitaxel- and docetaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy by evaluating the direct pharmacogenetic-pharmacokinetic and pharmacokinetic-neuropathy relationships. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2021; 17:227-239. [PMID: 33401943 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2021.1856367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Peripheral neuropathy (PN) is an adverse effect of several classes of chemotherapy including the taxanes. Predictive PN biomarkers could inform individualized taxane treatment to reduce PN and enhance therapeutic outcomes. Pharmacogenetics studies of taxane-induced PN have focused on genes involved in pharmacokinetics, including enzymes and transporters. Contradictory findings from these studies prevent translation of genetic biomarkers into clinical practice. Areas covered: This review discusses the progress toward identifying pharmacogenetic predictors of PN by assessing the evidence for two independent associations; the effect of pharmacogenetics on taxane pharmacokinetics and the evidence that taxane pharmacokinetics affects PN. Assessing these direct relationships allows the reader to understand the progress toward individualized taxane treatment and future research opportunities. Expert opinion: Paclitaxel pharmacokinetics is a major determinant of PN. Additional clinical trials are needed to confirm the clinical benefit of individualized dosing to achieve target paclitaxel exposure. Genetics does not meaningfully contribute to paclitaxel pharmacokinetics and may not be useful to inform dosing. However, genetics may contribute to PN sensitivity and could be useful for estimating patients' optimal paclitaxel exposure. For docetaxel, genetics has not been demonstrated to have a meaningful effect on pharmacokinetics and there is no evidence that pharmacokinetics determines PN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel L Hertz
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Michigan College of Pharmacy , Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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Kölz C, Schaeffeler E, Schwab M, Nies AT. Genetic and Epigenetic Regulation of Organic Cation Transporters. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2021; 266:81-100. [PMID: 33674913 DOI: 10.1007/164_2021_450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Organic cation transporters (OCTs) of the solute carrier family (SLC) 22 are the subject of intensive research because they mediate the transport of many clinically-relevant drugs such as the antidiabetic agent metformin, the opioid tramadol, and the antimigraine agent sumatriptan. OCT1 (SLC22A1) and OCT2 (SLC22A2) are highly expressed in human liver and kidney, respectively, while OCT3 (SLC22A3) shows a broader tissue distribution. As suggested from studies using knockout mice, particularly OCT2 and OCT3 appear to be of relevance for brain physiological function and drug response. The knowledge of genetic factors and epigenetic modifications affecting function and expression of OCTs is important for a better understanding of disease mechanisms and for personalized treatment of patients. This review briefly summarizes the impact of genetic variants and epigenetic regulation of OCTs in general. A comprehensive overview is given on the consequences of OCT2 and OCT3 knockout in mice and the implications of genetic OCT2 and OCT3 variants on central nervous system function in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Kölz
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany
- University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Elke Schaeffeler
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany
- University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Matthias Schwab
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany
- University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
- Departments of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Anne T Nies
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany.
- University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.
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Huang KM, Hu S. Targeting drug transporters to prevent chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy. Mol Cell Oncol 2020; 8:1838863. [PMID: 33553600 PMCID: PMC7849748 DOI: 10.1080/23723556.2020.1838863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy is a debilitating toxicity that adversely affects patient quality and course of treatment. Recent findings have demonstrated that the etiology of peripheral neuropathy is dependent on transporter-mediated accumulation in dorsal root ganglia, and targeting this mechanism can afford neurological protection without compromising therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M. Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Shuiying Hu
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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Organic Cation Transporters in Human Physiology, Pharmacology, and Toxicology. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21217890. [PMID: 33114309 PMCID: PMC7660683 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21217890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Individual cells and epithelia control the chemical exchange with the surrounding environment by the fine-tuned expression, localization, and function of an array of transmembrane proteins that dictate the selective permeability of the lipid bilayer to small molecules, as actual gatekeepers to the interface with the extracellular space. Among the variety of channels, transporters, and pumps that localize to cell membrane, organic cation transporters (OCTs) are considered to be extremely relevant in the transport across the plasma membrane of the majority of the endogenous substances and drugs that are positively charged near or at physiological pH. In humans, the following six organic cation transporters have been characterized in regards to their respective substrates, all belonging to the solute carrier 22 (SLC22) family: the organic cation transporters 1, 2, and 3 (OCT1–3); the organic cation/carnitine transporter novel 1 and 2 (OCTN1 and N2); and the organic cation transporter 6 (OCT6). OCTs are highly expressed on the plasma membrane of polarized epithelia, thus, playing a key role in intestinal absorption and renal reabsorption of nutrients (e.g., choline and carnitine), in the elimination of waste products (e.g., trimethylamine and trimethylamine N-oxide), and in the kinetic profile and therapeutic index of several drugs (e.g., metformin and platinum derivatives). As part of the Special Issue Physiology, Biochemistry, and Pharmacology of Transporters for Organic Cations, this article critically presents the physio-pathological, pharmacological, and toxicological roles of OCTs in the tissues in which they are primarily expressed.
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