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Duff AF, Jurcisek JA, Kurbatfinski N, Chiang T, Goodman SD, Bakaletz LO, Bailey MT. Oral and middle ear delivery of otitis media standard of care antibiotics, but not biofilm-targeted antibodies, alter chinchilla nasopharyngeal and fecal microbiomes. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2024; 10:10. [PMID: 38310144 PMCID: PMC10838340 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-024-00481-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Otitis media (OM) is one of the most globally pervasive pediatric conditions. Translocation of nasopharynx-resident opportunistic pathogens like nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) assimilates into polymicrobial middle ear biofilms, which promote OM pathogenesis and substantially diminish antibiotic efficacy. Oral or tympanostomy tube (TT)-delivered antibiotics remain the standard of care (SOC) despite consequences including secondary infection, dysbiosis, and antimicrobial resistance. Monoclonal antibodies (mAb) against two biofilm-associated structural proteins, NTHi-specific type IV pilus PilA (anti-rsPilA) and protective tip-region epitopes of NTHi integration host factor (anti-tip-chimer), were previously shown to disrupt biofilms and restore antibiotic sensitivity in vitro. However, the additional criterion for clinical relevance includes the absence of consequential microbiome alterations. Here, nine chinchilla cohorts (n = 3/cohort) without disease were established to evaluate whether TT delivery of mAbs disrupted nasopharyngeal or fecal microbiomes relative to SOC-OM antibiotics. Cohort treatments included a 7d regimen of oral amoxicillin-clavulanate (AC) or 2d regimen of TT-delivered mAb, AC, Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TS), ofloxacin, or saline. Fecal and nasopharyngeal lavage (NPL) samples were collected before and several days post treatment (DPT) for 16S sequencing. While antibiotic-treated cohorts displayed beta-diversity shifts (PERMANOVA, P < 0.05) and reductions in alpha diversity (q < 0.20) relative to baseline, mAb antibodies failed to affect diversity, indicating maintenance of a eubiotic state. Taxonomic and longitudinal analyses showed blooms in opportunistic pathogens (ANCOM) and greater magnitudes of compositional change (P < 0.05) following broad-spectrum antibiotic but not mAb treatments. Collectively, results showed broad-spectrum antibiotics induced significant fecal and nasopharyngeal microbiome disruption regardless of delivery route. Excitingly, biofilm-targeting antibodies had little effect on fecal and nasopharyngeal microbiomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey F Duff
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Joseph A Jurcisek
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Nikola Kurbatfinski
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Tendy Chiang
- Department of Otolaryngology at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Steven D Goodman
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
- Oral and Gastrointestinal Microbiology Research Affinity Group, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Lauren O Bakaletz
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Michael T Bailey
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA.
- Oral and Gastrointestinal Microbiology Research Affinity Group, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA.
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Tang D, Kang R, Zeh HJ, Lotze MT. The multifunctional protein HMGB1: 50 years of discovery. Nat Rev Immunol 2023; 23:824-841. [PMID: 37322174 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-023-00894-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Fifty years since the initial discovery of HMGB1 in 1973 as a structural protein of chromatin, HMGB1 is now known to regulate diverse biological processes depending on its subcellular or extracellular localization. These functions include promoting DNA damage repair in the nucleus, sensing nucleic acids and inducing innate immune responses and autophagy in the cytosol and binding protein partners in the extracellular environment and stimulating immunoreceptors. In addition, HMGB1 is a broad sensor of cellular stress that balances cell death and survival responses essential for cellular homeostasis and tissue maintenance. HMGB1 is also an important mediator secreted by immune cells that is involved in a range of pathological conditions, including infectious diseases, ischaemia-reperfusion injury, autoimmunity, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, metabolic disorders and cancer. In this Review, we discuss the signalling mechanisms, cellular functions and clinical relevance of HMGB1 and describe strategies to modify its release and biological activities in the setting of various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daolin Tang
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
| | - Rui Kang
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Herbert J Zeh
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Michael T Lotze
- Departments of Surgery, Immunology and Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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Chen R, Zou J, Kang R, Tang D. The Redox Protein High-Mobility Group Box 1 in Cell Death and Cancer. Antioxid Redox Signal 2023; 39:569-590. [PMID: 36999916 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2023.0236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
Significance: As a redox-sensitive protein, high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is implicated in regulating stress responses to oxidative damage and cell death, which are closely related to the pathology of inflammatory diseases, including cancer. Recent Advances: HMGB1 is a nonhistone nuclear protein that acts as a deoxyribonucleic acid chaperone to control chromosomal structure and function. HMGB1 can also be released into the extracellular space and function as a damage-associated molecular pattern protein during cell death, including during apoptosis, necrosis, necroptosis, pyroptosis, ferroptosis, alkaliptosis, and cuproptosis. Once released, HMGB1 binds to membrane receptors to shape immune and metabolic responses. In addition to subcellular localization, the function and activity of HMGB1 also depend on its redox state and protein posttranslational modifications. Abnormal HMGB1 plays a dual role in tumorigenesis and anticancer therapy (e.g., chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and immunotherapy) depending on the tumor types and stages. Critical Issues: A comprehensive understanding of the role of HMGB1 in cellular redox homeostasis is important for deciphering normal cellular functions and pathological manifestations. In this review, we discuss compartmental-defined roles of HMGB1 in regulating cell death and cancer. Understanding these advances may help us develop potential HMGB1-targeting drugs or approaches to treat oxidative stress-related diseases or pathological conditions. Future Directions: Further studies are required to dissect the mechanism by which HMGB1 maintains redox homeostasis under different stress conditions. A multidisciplinary effort is also required to evaluate the potential applications of precisely targeting the HMGB1 pathway in human health and disease. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 39, 569-590.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruochan Chen
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis; Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases; Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ju Zou
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis; Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases; Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Rui Kang
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Daolin Tang
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
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Kurbatfinski N, Kramer CN, Goodman SD, Bakaletz LO. ESKAPEE pathogens newly released from biofilm residence by a targeted monoclonal are sensitized to killing by traditional antibiotics. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1202215. [PMID: 37564292 PMCID: PMC10410267 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1202215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The "silent" antimicrobial resistance (AMR) pandemic is responsible for nearly five million deaths annually, with a group of seven biofilm-forming pathogens, known as the ESKAPEE pathogens, responsible for 70% of these fatalities. Biofilm-resident bacteria, as they exist within the disease site, are canonically highly resistant to antibiotics. One strategy to counter AMR and improve disease resolution involves developing methods to disrupt biofilms. These methods aim to release bacteria from the protective biofilm matrix to facilitate their killing by antibiotics or immune effectors. Several laboratories working on such strategies have demonstrated that bacteria newly released from a biofilm display a transient phenotype of significantly increased susceptibility to antibiotics. Similarly, we developed an antibody-based approach for biofilm disruption directed against the two-membered DNABII family of bacterial DNA-binding proteins, which serve as linchpins to stabilize the biofilm matrix. The incubation of biofilms with α-DNABII antibodies rapidly collapses them to induce a population of newly released bacteria (NRel). Methods In this study, we used a humanized monoclonal antibody (HuTipMab) directed against protective epitopes of a DNABII protein to determine if we could disrupt biofilms formed by the high-priority ESKAPEE pathogens as visualized by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and COMSTAT2 analysis. Then, we demonstrated the potentiated killing of the induced NRel by seven diverse classes of traditional antibiotics by comparative plate count. Results To this end, ESKAPEE biofilms were disrupted by 50%-79% using a single tested dose and treatment period with HuTipMab. The NRel of each biofilm were significantly more sensitive to killing than their planktonically grown counterparts (heretofore, considered to be the most sensitive to antibiotic-mediated killing), even when tested at a fraction of the MIC (1/250-1/2 MIC). Moreover, the bacteria that remained within the biofilms of two representative ESKAPEE pathogens after HuTipMab disruption were also significantly more susceptible to killing by antibiotics. Discussion New data presented in this study support our continued development of a combinatorial therapy wherein HuTipMab is delivered to a patient with recalcitrant disease due to an ESKAPEE pathogen to disrupt a pathogenic biofilm, along with a co-delivered dose of an antibiotic whose ability to rapidly kill the induced NRel has been demonstrated. This novel regimen could provide a more successful clinical outcome to those with chronic, recurrent, or recalcitrant diseases, while limiting further contribution to AMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikola Kurbatfinski
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Cameron N. Kramer
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Steven D. Goodman
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Lauren O. Bakaletz
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, United States
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Guo XK, Wang J, van Hensbergen VP, Liu J, Xu H, Hu X. Interactions between host and intestinal crypt-resided biofilms are controlled by epithelial fucosylation. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112754. [PMID: 37405914 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
As highly organized consortia of bacteria, biofilms have long been implicated in aggravating inflammation. However, our understanding regarding in vivo host-biofilm interactions in the complex tissue environments remains limited. Here, we show a unique pattern of crypt occupation by mucus-associated biofilms during the early stage of colitis, which is genetically dependent on bacterial biofilm-forming capacity and restricted by host epithelial α1,2-fucosylation. α1,2-Fucosylation deficiency leads to markedly augmented crypt occupation by biofilms originated from pathogenic Salmonella Typhimurium or indigenous Escherichia coli, resulting in exacerbated intestinal inflammation. Mechanistically, α1,2-fucosylation-mediated restriction of biofilms relies on interactions between bacteria and liberated fucose from biofilm-occupied mucus. Fucose represses biofilm formation and biofilm-related genes in vitro and in vivo. Finally, fucose administration ameliorates experimental colitis, suggesting therapeutic potential of fucose for biofilm-related disorders. This work illustrates host-biofilm interactions during gut inflammation and identifies fucosylation as a physiological strategy for restraining biofilm formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Kun Guo
- Institute for Immunology and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Immunological Research on Chronic Diseases, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Jiali Wang
- Institute for Immunology and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Immunological Research on Chronic Diseases, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Vincent P van Hensbergen
- Institute for Immunology and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Immunological Research on Chronic Diseases, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jintao Liu
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Center for Infectious Disease Research, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 10084, China
| | - Huji Xu
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; School of Clinical Medicine and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China.
| | - Xiaoyu Hu
- Institute for Immunology and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Immunological Research on Chronic Diseases, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE As a redox-sensitive protein, high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is implicated in regulating stress responses to oxidative damage and cell death, which are closely related to the pathology of inflammatory diseases, including cancer. RECENT ADVANCES HMGB1 is a non-histone nuclear protein that acts as a DNA chaperone to control chromosomal structure and function. HMGB1 can also be released into the extracellular space and function as a damage-associated molecular pattern protein during cell death, including during apoptosis, necrosis, necroptosis, pyroptosis, ferroptosis, alkaliptosis, and cuproptosis. Once released, HMGB1 binds to membrane receptors to shape immune and metabolic responses. In addition to subcellular localization, the function and activity of HMGB1 also depends on its redox state and protein posttranslational modifications. Abnormal HMGB1 plays a dual role in tumorigenesis and anticancer therapy (e.g., chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and immunotherapy) depending on tumor types and stages. CRITICAL ISSUES A comprehensive understanding of the role of HMGB1 in cellular redox homeostasis is important for deciphering normal cellular functions and pathological manifestations. In this review, we discuss compartmental-defined roles of HMGB1 in regulating cell death and cancer. Understanding these advances may help us develop potential HMGB1-targeting drugs or approaches to treat oxidative stress-related diseases or pathological conditions. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Further studies are required to dissect the mechanism by which HMGB1 maintains redox homeostasis under different stress conditions. A multidisciplinary effort is also required to evaluate the potential applications of precisely targeting the HMGB1 pathway in human health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruochan Chen
- Central South University, 12570, Changsha, Hunan, China;
| | - Ju Zou
- Central South University, 12570, Changsha, Hunan, China;
| | - Rui Kang
- UTSW, 12334, Dallas, Texas, United States;
| | - Doalin Tang
- UTSW, 12334, Surgery, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, Texas, United States, 75390-9096;
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Monoclonal antibodies that target extracellular DNABII proteins or the type IV pilus of nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHI) worked additively to disrupt 2-genera biofilms. Biofilm 2022; 4:100096. [PMID: 36532267 PMCID: PMC9747592 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioflm.2022.100096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The biofilm state is the preferred lifestyle of bacteria in nature. Within a biofilm, the resident bacteria are protected from environmental stresses, antibiotics and other antimicrobials, including those due to multiple immune effectors of their host during conditions of disease. Thereby, biofilms contribute significantly to pathogenicity, recalcitrance to clearance and chronicity/recurrence of bacterial diseases, including diseases of the respiratory tract. In the absence of highly effective, biofilm-targeted therapeutics, antibiotics are commonly prescribed to attempt to treat these diseases, however, in light of the canonical resistance of biofilm-resident bacteria to antibiotic-mediated killing, this ineffectual practice often fails to resolve the diseased condition and contributes significantly to the global threat of rising antimicrobial resistance. Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae is a common respiratory tract disease co-pathogen, often present in partnership with other airway pathogens. Herein we aspired to determine whether either of two monoclonal antibodies we developed, one specific for NTHI [directed against the majority subunit (PilA) of the type IV pilus (T4P) of NTHI] and the other able to act agnostically on all bacteria tested to date (directed against a structural protein of the biofilm matrix, a DNABII protein), were able to disrupt 2-genera biofilms wherein NTHI co-partnered with another respiratory tract pathogen. These monoclonals were tested singly as well as when within an antibody cocktail. The monoclonal directed against the NTHI antigen PilA was only effective on single species NTHI biofilms and not on single species biofilms formed by other unrelated species. However, when NTHI co-partnered with any of 5 respiratory tract pathogens tested here (Burkholderia cenocepacia, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus pneumoniae or Moraxella catarrhalis), this exclusively NTHI-directed monoclonal was able to disrupt these 2-genera biofilms. Conversely, the monoclonal antibody directed against protective epitopes of a DNABII protein, significantly disrupted all single species and 2-genera biofilms, which reflected the universal presence of this structural protein in all tested biofilm matrices. However, greatest release of both pathogens from a 2-genera biofilm was uniformly achieved by incubation with a 1:1 cocktail of both monoclonals. These data support the use of an approach wherein patients with respiratory tract disease could be treated with a therapeutic monoclonal antibody cocktail to release NTHI and its common co-pathogens from the protective biofilm to be killed by either traditional antibiotics and/or host immune effectors.
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Wang X, Mayorga-Flores M, Bien KG, Bailey AO, Iwahara J. DNA-mediated proteolysis by neutrophil elastase enhances binding activities of the HMGB1 protein. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102577. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Goodman SD, Bakaletz LO. Bacterial Biofilms Utilize an Underlying Extracellular DNA Matrix Structure That Can Be Targeted for Biofilm Resolution. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10020466. [PMID: 35208922 PMCID: PMC8878592 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10020466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial biofilms contribute significantly to the antibiotic resistance, pathogenesis, chronicity and recurrence of bacterial infections. Critical to the stability and survival of extant biofilms is the extracellular DNA (eDNA)-dependent matrix which shields the resident bacteria from hostile environments, allows a sessile metabolic state, but also encourages productive interactions with biofilm-inclusive bacteria. Given the importance of the eDNA, approaches to this area of research have been to target not just the eDNA, but also the additional constituent structural components which appear to be widespread. Chief among these is a ubiquitous two-member family of bacterial nucleoid associated proteins (the DNABII proteins) responsible for providing structural integrity to the eDNA and thereby the biofilm. Moreover, this resultant novel eDNA-rich secondary structure can also be targeted for disruption. Here, we provide an overview of both what is known about the eDNA-dependent matrix, as well as the resultant means that have resulted in biofilm resolution. Results obtained to date have been highly supportive of continued development of DNABII-targeted approaches, which is encouraging given the great global need for improved methods to medically manage, or ideally prevent biofilm-dependent infections, which remains a highly prevalent burden worldwide.
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10
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Liu S, Lu H, Zhang S, Shi Y, Chen Q. Phages against Pathogenic Bacterial Biofilms and Biofilm-Based Infections: A Review. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14020427. [PMID: 35214158 PMCID: PMC8875263 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14020427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial biofilms formed by pathogens are known to be hundreds of times more resistant to antimicrobial agents than planktonic cells, making it extremely difficult to cure biofilm-based infections despite the use of antibiotics, which poses a serious threat to human health. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop promising alternative antimicrobial therapies to reduce the burden of drug-resistant bacterial infections caused by biofilms. As natural enemies of bacteria, bacteriophages (phages) have the advantages of high specificity, safety and non-toxicity, and possess great potential in the defense and removal of pathogenic bacterial biofilms, which are considered to be alternatives to treat bacterial diseases. This work mainly reviews the composition, structure and formation process of bacterial biofilms, briefly discusses the interaction between phages and biofilms, and summarizes several strategies based on phages and their derivatives against biofilms and drug-resistant bacterial infections caused by biofilms, serving the purpose of developing novel, safe and effective treatment methods against biofilm-based infections and promoting the application of phages in maintaining human health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ying Shi
- Correspondence: (Y.S.); (Q.C.); Tel.: +86-139-6717-1522 (Y.S.)
| | - Qihe Chen
- Correspondence: (Y.S.); (Q.C.); Tel.: +86-139-6717-1522 (Y.S.)
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11
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Buzzo JR, Devaraj A, Gloag ES, Jurcisek JA, Robledo-Avila F, Kesler T, Wilbanks K, Mashburn-Warren L, Balu S, Wickham J, Novotny LA, Stoodley P, Bakaletz LO, Goodman SD. Z-form extracellular DNA is a structural component of the bacterial biofilm matrix. Cell 2021; 184:5740-5758.e17. [PMID: 34735796 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Biofilms are community architectures adopted by bacteria inclusive of a self-formed extracellular matrix that protects resident bacteria from diverse environmental stresses and, in many species, incorporates extracellular DNA (eDNA) and DNABII proteins for structural integrity throughout biofilm development. Here, we present evidence that this eDNA-based architecture relies on the rare Z-form. Z-form DNA accumulates as biofilms mature and, through stabilization by the DNABII proteins, confers structural integrity to the biofilm matrix. Indeed, substances known to drive B-DNA into Z-DNA promoted biofilm formation whereas those that drive Z-DNA into B-DNA disrupted extant biofilms. Importantly, we demonstrated that the universal bacterial DNABII family of proteins stabilizes both bacterial- and host-eDNA in the Z-form in situ. A model is proposed that incorporates the role of Z-DNA in biofilm pathogenesis, innate immune response, and immune evasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- John R Buzzo
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - Aishwarya Devaraj
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - Erin S Gloag
- Department of Orthopedics, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Joseph A Jurcisek
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - Frank Robledo-Avila
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - Theresa Kesler
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - Kathryn Wilbanks
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - Lauren Mashburn-Warren
- The Steve and Cindy Rasmussen Institute for Genomic Medicine, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - Sabarathnam Balu
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - Joseph Wickham
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - Laura A Novotny
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - Paul Stoodley
- Department of Orthopedics, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; National Centre for Advanced Tribology at Southampton, University of Southampton, Southampton S017 1BJ, UK
| | - Lauren O Bakaletz
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA; Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Steven D Goodman
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA; Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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