1
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Mao H, Kim GH, Pan L, Qi L. Regulation of leptin signaling and diet-induced obesity by SEL1L-HRD1 ER-associated degradation in POMC expressing neurons. Nat Commun 2024; 15:8435. [PMID: 39343970 PMCID: PMC11439921 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-52743-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) homeostasis in the hypothalamus has been implicated in the pathogenesis of diet-induced obesity (DIO) and type 2 diabetes; however, the underlying molecular mechanism remain vague and debatable. Here we report that SEL1L-HRD1 protein complex of the highly conserved ER-associated protein degradation (ERAD) machinery in POMC-expressing neurons ameliorates diet-induced obesity and its associated complications, partly by regulating the turnover of the long isoform of Leptin receptors (LepRb). Loss of SEL1L in POMC-expressing neurons attenuates leptin signaling and predisposes mice to HFD-associated pathologies including fatty liver, glucose intolerance, insulin and leptin resistance. Mechanistically, nascent LepRb, both wildtype and disease-associated Cys604Ser variant, are misfolding prone and bona fide substrates of SEL1L-HRD1 ERAD. In the absence of SEL1L-HRD1 ERAD, LepRb are largely retained in the ER, in an ER stress-independent manner. This study uncovers an important role of SEL1L-HRD1 ERAD in the pathogenesis of central leptin resistance and leptin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hancheng Mao
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
| | - Geun Hyang Kim
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, New York, NY, 10591, USA
| | - Linxiu Pan
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA
| | - Ling Qi
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA.
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA.
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2
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Yasasilka XR, Lee M. Role of β-cell autophagy in β-cell physiology and the development of diabetes. J Diabetes Investig 2024; 15:656-668. [PMID: 38470018 PMCID: PMC11143416 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.14184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Elucidating the molecular mechanism of autophagy was a landmark in understanding not only the physiology of cells and tissues, but also the pathogenesis of diverse diseases, including diabetes and metabolic disorders. Autophagy of pancreatic β-cells plays a pivotal role in the maintenance of the mass, structure and function of β-cells, whose dysregulation can lead to abnormal metabolic profiles or diabetes. Modulators of autophagy are being developed to improve metabolic profile and β-cell function through the removal of harmful materials and rejuvenation of organelles, such as mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum. Among the known antidiabetic drugs, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists enhance the autophagic activity of β-cells, which might contribute to the profound effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists on systemic metabolism. In this review, the results from studies on the role of autophagy in β-cells and their implication in the development of diabetes are discussed. In addition to non-selective (macro)autophagy, the role and mechanisms of selective autophagy and other minor forms of autophagy that might occur in β-cells are discussed. As β-cell failure is the ultimate cause of diabetes and unresponsiveness to conventional therapy, modulation of β-cell autophagy might represent a future antidiabetic treatment approach, particularly in patients who are not well managed with current antidiabetic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xaviera Riani Yasasilka
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi‐bio Science and Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal MedicineSoonchunhyang University College of MedicineCheonanKorea
| | - Myung‐Shik Lee
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi‐bio Science and Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal MedicineSoonchunhyang University College of MedicineCheonanKorea
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3
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Müller A, Schmidt D, Albrecht JP, Rieckert L, Otto M, Galicia Garcia LE, Fabig G, Solimena M, Weigert M. Modular segmentation, spatial analysis and visualization of volume electron microscopy datasets. Nat Protoc 2024; 19:1436-1466. [PMID: 38424188 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-024-00957-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Volume electron microscopy is the method of choice for the in situ interrogation of cellular ultrastructure at the nanometer scale, and with the increase in large raw image datasets generated, improving computational strategies for image segmentation and spatial analysis is necessary. Here we describe a practical and annotation-efficient pipeline for organelle-specific segmentation, spatial analysis and visualization of large volume electron microscopy datasets using freely available, user-friendly software tools that can be run on a single standard workstation. The procedures are aimed at researchers in the life sciences with modest computational expertise, who use volume electron microscopy and need to generate three-dimensional (3D) segmentation labels for different types of cell organelles while minimizing manual annotation efforts, to analyze the spatial interactions between organelle instances and to visualize the 3D segmentation results. We provide detailed guidelines for choosing well-suited segmentation tools for specific cell organelles, and to bridge compatibility issues between freely available open-source tools, we distribute the critical steps as easily installable Album solutions for deep learning segmentation, spatial analysis and 3D rendering. Our detailed description can serve as a reference for similar projects requiring particular strategies for single- or multiple-organelle analysis, which can be achieved with computational resources commonly available to single-user setups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Müller
- Molecular Diabetology, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden (PLID) of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus and Faculty of Medicine of the TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Deborah Schmidt
- HELMHOLTZ IMAGING, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC) in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Jan Philipp Albrecht
- HELMHOLTZ IMAGING, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC) in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lucas Rieckert
- HELMHOLTZ IMAGING, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC) in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maximilian Otto
- HELMHOLTZ IMAGING, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC) in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Leticia Elizabeth Galicia Garcia
- Molecular Diabetology, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden (PLID) of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus and Faculty of Medicine of the TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany
- DFG Cluster of Excellence 'Physics of Life', TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Gunar Fabig
- Experimental Center, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Michele Solimena
- Molecular Diabetology, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden (PLID) of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus and Faculty of Medicine of the TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany
- DFG Cluster of Excellence 'Physics of Life', TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Martin Weigert
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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4
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Zhu Q, Zhu X, Zhang L. ER membrane complex (EMC): Structure, functions, and roles in diseases. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23539. [PMID: 38498340 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202302266r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the largest membrane system in eukaryotic cells and is the primary site for the biosynthesis of lipids and carbohydrates, as well as for the folding, assembly, modification, and transport of secreted and integrated membrane proteins. The ER membrane complex (EMC) on the ER membrane is an ER multiprotein complex that affects the quality control of membrane proteins, which is abundant and widely preserved. Its disruption has been found to affect a wide range of processes, including protein and lipid synthesis, organelle communication, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and viral maturation, and may lead to neurodevelopmental disorders and cancer. Therefore, EMC has attracted the attention of many scholars and become a hot field. In this paper, we summarized the main contributions of the research of EMC in the past nearly 15 years, and reviewed the structure and function of EMC as well as its related diseases. We hope this review will promote further progress of research on EMC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhu
- The Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Center for Medical Genetics, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xianjun Zhu
- The Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Center for Medical Genetics, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- The Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Center for Medical Genetics, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, Qinghai, China
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5
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Lin LL, Wang HH, Pederson B, Wei X, Torres M, Lu Y, Li ZJ, Liu X, Mao H, Wang H, Zhou LE, Zhao Z, Sun S, Qi L. SEL1L-HRD1 interaction is required to form a functional HRD1 ERAD complex. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1440. [PMID: 38365914 PMCID: PMC10873344 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45633-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The SEL1L-HRD1 protein complex represents the most conserved branch of endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated degradation (ERAD). Despite recent advances in both mouse models and humans, in vivo evidence for the importance of SEL1L in the ERAD complex formation and its (patho-)physiological relevance in mammals remains limited. Here we report that SEL1L variant p.Ser658Pro (SEL1LS658P) is a pathogenic hypomorphic mutation, causing partial embryonic lethality, developmental delay, and early-onset cerebellar ataxia in homozygous mice carrying the bi-allelic variant. Biochemical analyses reveal that SEL1LS658P variant not only reduces the protein stability of SEL1L, but attenuates the SEL1L-HRD1 interaction, likely via electrostatic repulsion between SEL1L F668 and HRD1 Y30 residues. Proteomic screens of SEL1L and HRD1 interactomes reveal that SEL1L-HRD1 interaction is a prerequisite for the formation of a functional HRD1 ERAD complex, as SEL1L is required for the recruitment of E2 enzyme UBE2J1 as well as DERLIN to HRD1. These data not only establish the disease relevance of SEL1L-HRD1 ERAD, but also provide additional insight into the formation of a functional HRD1 ERAD complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangguang Leo Lin
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA
| | - Huilun Helen Wang
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA
| | - Brent Pederson
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
| | - Xiaoqiong Wei
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA
| | - Mauricio Torres
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
| | - You Lu
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Zexin Jason Li
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA
| | - Xiaodan Liu
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Hancheng Mao
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA
| | - Linyao Elina Zhou
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA
| | - Zhen Zhao
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Shengyi Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA.
| | - Ling Qi
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA.
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6
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Wei X, Lu Y, Lin LL, Zhang C, Chen X, Wang S, Wu SA, Li ZJ, Quan Y, Sun S, Qi L. Proteomic screens of SEL1L-HRD1 ER-associated degradation substrates reveal its role in glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored protein biogenesis. Nat Commun 2024; 15:659. [PMID: 38253565 PMCID: PMC10803770 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-44948-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD) plays indispensable roles in many physiological processes; however, the nature of endogenous substrates remains largely elusive. Here we report a proteomics strategy based on the intrinsic property of the SEL1L-HRD1 ERAD complex to identify endogenous ERAD substrates both in vitro and in vivo. Following stringent filtering using a machine learning algorithm, over 100 high-confidence potential substrates are identified in human HEK293T and mouse brown adipose tissue, among which ~88% are cell type-specific. One of the top shared hits is the catalytic subunit of the glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-transamidase complex, PIGK. Indeed, SEL1L-HRD1 ERAD attenuates the biogenesis of GPI-anchored proteins by specifically targeting PIGK for proteasomal degradation. Lastly, several PIGK disease variants in inherited GPI deficiency disorders are also SEL1L-HRD1 ERAD substrates. This study provides a platform and resources for future effort to identify proteome-wide endogenous substrates in vivo, and implicates SEL1L-HRD1 ERAD in many cellular processes including the biogenesis of GPI-anchored proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqiong Wei
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
| | - You Lu
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Liangguang Leo Lin
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
| | - Chengxin Zhang
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
| | - Xinxin Chen
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
| | - Siwen Wang
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
| | - Shuangcheng Alivia Wu
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
| | - Zexin Jason Li
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
| | - Yujun Quan
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA
| | - Shengyi Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA
| | - Ling Qi
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA.
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA.
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7
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Wang HH, Lin LL, Li ZJ, Wei X, Askander O, Cappuccio G, Hashem MO, Hubert L, Munnich A, Alqahtani M, Pang Q, Burmeister M, Lu Y, Poirier K, Besmond C, Sun S, Brunetti-Pierri N, Alkuraya FS, Qi L. Hypomorphic variants of SEL1L-HRD1 ER-associated degradation are associated with neurodevelopmental disorders. J Clin Invest 2024; 134:e170054. [PMID: 37943610 PMCID: PMC10786691 DOI: 10.1172/jci170054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies using cell type-specific knockout mouse models have improved our understanding of the pathophysiological relevance of suppressor of lin-12-like-HMG-CoA reductase degradation 1 (SEL1L-HRD1) endoplasmic reticulum-associated (ER-associated) degradation (ERAD); however, its importance in humans remains unclear, as no disease variant has been identified. Here, we report the identification of 3 biallelic missense variants of SEL1L and HRD1 (or SYVN1) in 6 children from 3 independent families presenting with developmental delay, intellectual disability, microcephaly, facial dysmorphisms, hypotonia, and/or ataxia. These SEL1L (p.Gly585Asp, p.Met528Arg) and HRD1 (p.Pro398Leu) variants were hypomorphic and impaired ERAD function at distinct steps of ERAD, including substrate recruitment (SEL1L p.Gly585Asp), SEL1L-HRD1 complex formation (SEL1L p.Met528Arg), and HRD1 activity (HRD1 p.Pro398Leu). Our study not only provides insights into the structure-function relationship of SEL1L-HRD1 ERAD, but also establishes the importance of SEL1L-HRD1 ERAD in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huilun H. Wang
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology and
| | - Liangguang L. Lin
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology and
| | - Zexin J. Li
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Xiaoqiong Wei
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology and
| | - Omar Askander
- Hopital Cheik Zaïd, Hopital Universitaire International RABAT, Morocco
| | - Gerarda Cappuccio
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli, Italy
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Mais O. Hashem
- Department of Translational Genomics, Center for Genomic Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Laurence Hubert
- Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR1163, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | | | - Mashael Alqahtani
- Department of Translational Genomics, Center for Genomic Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Qi Pang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Margit Burmeister
- Michigan Neuroscience Institute and Departments of Computational Medicine & Bioinformatics, Psychiatry, and Human Genetics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - You Lu
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology and
| | | | | | - Shengyi Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Nicola Brunetti-Pierri
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli, Italy
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Scuola Superiore Meridionale (SSM, School of Advanced Studies), Genomics and Experimental Medicine Program, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Fowzan S. Alkuraya
- Department of Translational Genomics, Center for Genomic Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pediatrics, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ling Qi
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology and
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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8
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Weis D, Lin LL, Wang HH, Li ZJ, Kusikova K, Ciznar P, Wolf HM, Leiss-Piller A, Wang Z, Wei X, Weis S, Skalicka K, Hrckova G, Danisovic L, Soltysova A, Yang TT, Feichtinger RG, Mayr JA, Qi L. Biallelic Cys141Tyr variant of SEL1L is associated with neurodevelopmental disorders, agammaglobulinemia, and premature death. J Clin Invest 2024; 134:e170882. [PMID: 37943617 PMCID: PMC10786703 DOI: 10.1172/jci170882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Suppressor of lin-12-like-HMG-CoA reductase degradation 1 (SEL1L-HRD1) ER-associated degradation (ERAD) plays a critical role in many physiological processes in mice, including immunity, water homeostasis, and energy metabolism; however, its relevance and importance in humans remain unclear, as no disease variant has been identified. Here, we report a biallelic SEL1L variant (p. Cys141Tyr) in 5 patients from a consanguineous Slovakian family. These patients presented with not only ERAD-associated neurodevelopmental disorders with onset in infancy (ENDI) syndromes, but infantile-onset agammaglobulinemia with no mature B cells, resulting in frequent infections and early death. This variant disrupted the formation of a disulfide bond in the luminal fibronectin II domain of SEL1L, largely abolishing the function of the SEL1L-HRD1 ERAD complex in part via proteasomal-mediated self destruction by HRD1. This study reports a disease entity termed ENDI-agammaglobulinemia (ENDI-A) syndrome and establishes an inverse correlation between SEL1L-HRD1 ERAD functionality and disease severity in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denisa Weis
- Department of Medical Genetics, Kepler University Hospital, School of Medicine, Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University Bratislava and National Institute of Children’s Diseases, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Liangguang L. Lin
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology and
| | - Huilun H. Wang
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology and
| | - Zexin Jason Li
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Katarina Kusikova
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University Bratislava and National Institute of Children’s Diseases, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Peter Ciznar
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University Bratislava and National Institute of Children’s Diseases, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Hermann M. Wolf
- Immunology Outpatient Clinic, Vienna, Austria
- Sigmund Freud Private University–Medical School, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Zhihong Wang
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology and
| | - Xiaoqiong Wei
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology and
| | - Serge Weis
- Division of Neuropathology, Neuromed Campus, Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, Kepler University Hospital, Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria
| | - Katarina Skalicka
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University Bratislava and National Institute of Children’s Diseases, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Gabriela Hrckova
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University Bratislava and National Institute of Children’s Diseases, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Lubos Danisovic
- Institute of Medical Biology, Genetics and Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, and
| | - Andrea Soltysova
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Molecular Biology, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Centre, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | | | - René Günther Feichtinger
- University Children’s Hospital, Salzburger Landeskliniken Universitätsklinikum (SALK) and Paracelsus Medical University (PMU), Salzburg, Austria
| | - Johannes A. Mayr
- University Children’s Hospital, Salzburger Landeskliniken Universitätsklinikum (SALK) and Paracelsus Medical University (PMU), Salzburg, Austria
| | - Ling Qi
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology and
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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9
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Duan Z, Chen K, Yang T, You R, Chen B, Li J, Liu L. Mechanisms of Endoplasmic Reticulum Protein Homeostasis in Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17599. [PMID: 38139432 PMCID: PMC10743519 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Maintenance of proteome integrity is essential for cell function and survival in changing cellular and environmental conditions. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the major site for the synthesis of secretory and membrane proteins. However, the accumulation of unfolded or misfolded proteins can perturb ER protein homeostasis, leading to ER stress and compromising cellular function. Eukaryotic organisms have evolved sophisticated and conserved protein quality control systems to ensure protein folding fidelity via the unfolded protein response (UPR) and to eliminate potentially harmful proteins via ER-associated degradation (ERAD) and ER-phagy. In this review, we summarize recent advances in our understanding of the mechanisms of ER protein homeostasis in plants and discuss the crosstalk between different quality control systems. Finally, we will address unanswered questions in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihao Duan
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Kai Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Tao Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Ronghui You
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Binzhao Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jianming Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Linchuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
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10
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Daskivich GJ, Brodsky JL. The generation of detergent-insoluble clipped fragments from an ERAD substrate in mammalian cells. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21508. [PMID: 38057493 PMCID: PMC10700608 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48769-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteostasis ensures the proper synthesis, folding, and trafficking of proteins and is required for cellular and organellar homeostasis. This network also oversees protein quality control within the cell and prevents accumulation of aberrant proteins, which can lead to cellular dysfunction and disease. For example, protein aggregates irreversibly disrupt proteostasis and can exert gain-of-function toxic effects. Although this process has been examined in detail for cytosolic proteins, how endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-tethered, aggregation-prone proteins are handled is ill-defined. To determine how a membrane protein with a cytoplasmic aggregation-prone domain is routed for ER-associated degradation (ERAD), we analyzed a new model substrate, TM-Ubc9ts. In yeast, we previously showed that TM-Ubc9ts ERAD requires Hsp104, which is absent in higher cells. In transient and stable HEK293 cells, we now report that TM-Ubc9ts degradation is largely proteasome-dependent, especially at elevated temperatures. In contrast to yeast, clipped TM-Ubc9ts polypeptides, which are stabilized upon proteasome inhibition, accumulate and are insoluble at elevated temperatures. TM-Ubc9ts cleavage is independent of the intramembrane protease RHBDL4, which clips other classes of ERAD substrates. These studies highlight an unappreciated mechanism underlying the degradation of aggregation-prone substrates in the ER and invite further work on other proteases that contribute to ERAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grant J Daskivich
- A320 Langley Hall, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
| | - Jeffrey L Brodsky
- A320 Langley Hall, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA.
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11
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Abdon B, Liang Y, da Luz Scheffer D, Torres M, Shrestha N, Reinert RB, Lu Y, Pederson B, Bugarin-Lapuz A, Kersten S, Qi L. Muscle-specific ER-associated degradation maintains postnatal muscle hypertrophy and systemic energy metabolism. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e170387. [PMID: 37535424 PMCID: PMC10578429 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.170387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The growth of skeletal muscle relies on a delicate equilibrium between protein synthesis and degradation; however, how proteostasis is managed in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is largely unknown. Here, we report that the SEL1L-HRD1 ER-associated degradation (ERAD) complex, the primary molecular machinery that degrades misfolded proteins in the ER, is vital to maintain postnatal muscle growth and systemic energy balance. Myocyte-specific SEL1L deletion blunts the hypertrophic phase of muscle growth, resulting in a net zero gain of muscle mass during this developmental period and a 30% reduction in overall body growth. In addition, myocyte-specific SEL1L deletion triggered a systemic reprogramming of metabolism characterized by improved glucose sensitivity, enhanced beigeing of adipocytes, and resistance to diet-induced obesity. These effects were partially mediated by the upregulation of the myokine FGF21. These findings highlight the pivotal role of SEL1L-HRD1 ERAD activity in skeletal myocytes for postnatal muscle growth, and its physiological integration in maintaining whole-body energy balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedict Abdon
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Yusheng Liang
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Débora da Luz Scheffer
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mauricio Torres
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Neha Shrestha
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Rachel B. Reinert
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - You Lu
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Brent Pederson
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Amara Bugarin-Lapuz
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Sander Kersten
- Nutrition Metabolism and Genomics group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Ling Qi
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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12
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Xu X, Arunagiri A, Alam M, Haataja L, Evans CR, Zhao I, Castro-Gutierrez R, Russ HA, Demangel C, Qi L, Tsai B, Liu M, Arvan P. Nutrient-dependent regulation of β-cell proinsulin content. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:104836. [PMID: 37209827 PMCID: PMC10302188 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin is made from proinsulin, but the extent to which fasting/feeding controls the homeostatically regulated proinsulin pool in pancreatic β-cells remains largely unknown. Here, we first examined β-cell lines (INS1E and Min6, which proliferate slowly and are routinely fed fresh medium every 2-3 days) and found that the proinsulin pool size responds to each feeding within 1 to 2 h, affected both by the quantity of fresh nutrients and the frequency with which they are provided. We observed no effect of nutrient feeding on the overall rate of proinsulin turnover as quantified from cycloheximide-chase experiments. We show that nutrient feeding is primarily linked to rapid dephosphorylation of translation initiation factor eIF2α, presaging increased proinsulin levels (and thereafter, insulin levels), followed by its rephosphorylation during the ensuing hours that correspond to a fall in proinsulin levels. The decline of proinsulin levels is blunted by the integrated stress response inhibitor, ISRIB, or by inhibition of eIF2α rephosphorylation with a general control nonderepressible 2 (not PERK) kinase inhibitor. In addition, we demonstrate that amino acids contribute importantly to the proinsulin pool; mass spectrometry shows that β-cells avidly consume extracellular glutamine, serine, and cysteine. Finally, we show that in both rodent and human pancreatic islets, fresh nutrient availability dynamically increases preproinsulin, which can be quantified without pulse-labeling. Thus, the proinsulin available for insulin biosynthesis is rhythmically controlled by fasting/feeding cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxi Xu
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Anoop Arunagiri
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Maroof Alam
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Leena Haataja
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Charles R Evans
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Ivy Zhao
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Roberto Castro-Gutierrez
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA; Diabetes Institute, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Holger A Russ
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA; Diabetes Institute, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Caroline Demangel
- Immunobiology and Therapy Unit, Institut Pasteur, Inserm U1224, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Ling Qi
- Departments of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Billy Tsai
- Departments of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Ming Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.
| | - Peter Arvan
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA; Departments of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
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13
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Luo H, Jiao Q, Shen C, Shao C, Xie J, Chen Y, Feng X, Zhang X. Unraveling the roles of endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation in metabolic disorders. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1123769. [PMID: 37455916 PMCID: PMC10339828 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1123769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Misfolded proteins retained in the endoplasmic reticulum cause many human diseases. ER-associated degradation (ERAD) is one of the protein quality and quantity control system located at ER, which is responsible for translocating the misfolded proteins or properly folded but excess proteins out of the ER for proteasomal degradation. Recent studies have revealed that mice with ERAD deficiency in specific cell types exhibit impaired metabolism homeostasis and metabolic diseases. Here, we highlight the ERAD physiological functions in metabolic disorders in a substrate-dependent and cell type-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Luo
- *Correspondence: Hui Luo, ; Xingwei Zhang,
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14
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Zhang X, Young C, Liao XH, Refetoff S, Torres M, Tomer Y, Stefan-Lifshitz M, Zhang H, Larkin D, Fang D, Qi L, Arvan P. Perturbation of endoplasmic reticulum proteostasis triggers tissue injury in the thyroid gland. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e169937. [PMID: 37345654 PMCID: PMC10371246 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.169937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Defects in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) proteostasis have been linked to diseases in multiple organ systems. Here we examined the impact of perturbation of ER proteostasis in mice bearing thyrocyte-specific knockout of either HRD1 (to disable ER-associated protein degradation [ERAD]) or ATG7 (to disable autophagy) in the absence or presence of heterozygous expression of misfolded mutant thyroglobulin (the most highly expressed thyroid gene product, synthesized in the ER). Misfolding-inducing thyroglobulin mutations are common in humans but are said to yield only autosomal-recessive disease - perhaps because misfolded thyroglobulin protein might undergo disposal by ERAD or ER macroautophagy. We find that as single defects, neither ERAD, nor autophagy, nor heterozygous thyroglobulin misfolding altered circulating thyroxine levels, and neither defective ERAD nor defective autophagy caused any gross morphological change in an otherwise WT thyroid gland. However, heterozygous expression of misfolded thyroglobulin itself triggered significant ER stress and individual thyrocyte death while maintaining integrity of the surrounding thyroid epithelium. In this context, deficiency of ERAD (but not autophagy) resulted in patchy whole-follicle death with follicular collapse and degeneration, accompanied by infiltration of bone marrow-derived macrophages. Perturbation of thyrocyte ER proteostasis is thus a risk factor for both cell death and follicular demise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohan Zhang
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes and
| | - Crystal Young
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes and
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | | | - Samuel Refetoff
- Department of Medicine
- Department of Pediatrics, and Committee on Genetics, Genomics, and Systems Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Mauricio Torres
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Yaron Tomer
- Department of Medicine, Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Mihaela Stefan-Lifshitz
- Department of Medicine, Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Hao Zhang
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes and
| | - Dennis Larkin
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes and
| | - Deyu Fang
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Ling Qi
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Peter Arvan
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes and
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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15
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Lin LL, Wei X, Wang HH, Pederson B, Torres M, Lu Y, Li ZJ, Liu X, Mao H, Wang H, Zhao Z, Sun S, Qi L. SEL1L-HRD1 interaction is prerequisite for the formation of a functional HRD1 ERAD complex. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.13.536796. [PMID: 37333389 PMCID: PMC10274661 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.13.536796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
The SEL1L-HRD1 protein complex represents the most conserved branch of endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated degradation (ERAD); however, definitive evidence for the importance of SEL1L in HRD1 ERAD is lacking. Here we report that attenuation of the interaction between SEL1L and HRD1 impairs HRD1 ERAD function and has pathological consequences in mice. Our data show that SEL1L variant p.Ser658Pro ( SEL1L S 658 P ) previously identified in Finnish Hound suffering cerebellar ataxia is a recessive hypomorphic mutation, causing partial embryonic lethality, developmental delay, and early-onset cerebellar ataxia in homozygous mice carrying the bi-allelic variant. Mechanistically, SEL1L S 658 P variant attenuates the SEL1L-HRD1 interaction and causes HRD1 dysfunction by generating electrostatic repulsion between SEL1L F668 and HRD1 Y30 residues. Proteomic screens of SEL1L and HRD1 interactomes revealed that the SEL1L-HRD1 interaction is prerequisite for the formation of a functional HRD1 ERAD complex, as SEL1L recruits not only the lectins OS9 and ERLEC1, but the E2 UBE2J1 and retrotranslocon DERLIN, to HRD1. These data underscore the pathophysiological importance and disease relevance of the SEL1L-HRD1 complex, and identify a key step in organizing the HRD1 ERAD complex.
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16
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Cao R, Tian H, Zhang Y, Liu G, Xu H, Rao G, Tian Y, Fu X. Signaling pathways and intervention for therapy of type 2 diabetes mellitus. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e283. [PMID: 37303813 PMCID: PMC10248034 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) represents one of the fastest growing epidemic metabolic disorders worldwide and is a strong contributor for a broad range of comorbidities, including vascular, visual, neurological, kidney, and liver diseases. Moreover, recent data suggest a mutual interplay between T2DM and Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). T2DM is characterized by insulin resistance (IR) and pancreatic β cell dysfunction. Pioneering discoveries throughout the past few decades have established notable links between signaling pathways and T2DM pathogenesis and therapy. Importantly, a number of signaling pathways substantially control the advancement of core pathological changes in T2DM, including IR and β cell dysfunction, as well as additional pathogenic disturbances. Accordingly, an improved understanding of these signaling pathways sheds light on tractable targets and strategies for developing and repurposing critical therapies to treat T2DM and its complications. In this review, we provide a brief overview of the history of T2DM and signaling pathways, and offer a systematic update on the role and mechanism of key signaling pathways underlying the onset, development, and progression of T2DM. In this content, we also summarize current therapeutic drugs/agents associated with signaling pathways for the treatment of T2DM and its complications, and discuss some implications and directions to the future of this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Cao
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of BiotherapyChengduSichuanChina
| | - Huimin Tian
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China Medical School, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China Medical School, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Geng Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of BiotherapyChengduSichuanChina
| | - Haixia Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of BiotherapyChengduSichuanChina
| | - Guocheng Rao
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China Medical School, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Yan Tian
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of BiotherapyChengduSichuanChina
| | - Xianghui Fu
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of BiotherapyChengduSichuanChina
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China Medical School, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
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17
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Wu SA, Shen C, Wei X, Zhang X, Wang S, Chen X, Torres M, Lu Y, Lin LL, Wang HH, Hunter AH, Fang D, Sun S, Ivanova MI, Lin Y, Qi L. The mechanisms to dispose of misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum of adipocytes. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3132. [PMID: 37253728 PMCID: PMC10229581 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38690-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated degradation (ERAD) and ER-phagy are two principal degradative mechanisms for ER proteins and aggregates, respectively; however, the crosstalk between these two pathways under physiological settings remains unexplored. Using adipocytes as a model system, here we report that SEL1L-HRD1 protein complex of ERAD degrades misfolded ER proteins and limits ER-phagy and that, only when SEL1L-HRD1 ERAD is impaired, the ER becomes fragmented and cleared by ER-phagy. When both are compromised, ER fragments containing misfolded proteins spatially coalesce into a distinct architecture termed Coalescence of ER Fragments (CERFs), consisted of lipoprotein lipase (LPL, a key lipolytic enzyme and an endogenous SEL1L-HRD1 substrate) and certain ER chaperones. CERFs enlarge and become increasingly insoluble with age. Finally, we reconstitute the CERFs through LPL and BiP phase separation in vitro, a process influenced by both redox environment and C-terminal tryptophan loop of LPL. Hence, our findings demonstrate a sequence of events centered around SEL1L-HRD1 ERAD to dispose of misfolded proteins in the ER of adipocytes, highlighting the profound cellular adaptability to misfolded proteins in the ER in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangcheng Alivia Wu
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
| | - Chenchen Shen
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Science, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xiaoqiong Wei
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
| | - Xiawei Zhang
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
| | - Siwen Wang
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
| | - Xinxin Chen
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
| | - Mauricio Torres
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
| | - You Lu
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
| | - Liangguang Leo Lin
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
| | - Huilun Helen Wang
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
| | - Allen H Hunter
- College of Engineering and Michigan Center for Materials Characterization, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Deyu Fang
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Shengyi Sun
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Magdalena I Ivanova
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5622, USA
- Biophysics Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Yi Lin
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Science, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Ling Qi
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA.
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA.
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18
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Ji Y, Luo Y, Wu Y, Sun Y, Zhao L, Xue Z, Sun M, Wei X, He Z, Wu SA, Lin LL, Lu Y, Chang L, Chen F, Chen S, Qian W, Xu X, Chen S, Pan D, Zhou Z, Xia S, Hu CCA, Liang T, Qi L. SEL1L-HRD1 endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation controls STING-mediated innate immunity by limiting the size of the activable STING pool. Nat Cell Biol 2023; 25:726-739. [PMID: 37142791 PMCID: PMC10185471 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-023-01138-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Stimulator of interferon genes (STING) orchestrates the production of proinflammatory cytokines in response to cytosolic double-stranded DNA; however, the pathophysiological significance and molecular mechanism underlying the folding and maturation of nascent STING protein at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) remain unknown. Here we report that the SEL1L-HRD1 protein complex-the most conserved branch of ER-associated degradation (ERAD)-is a negative regulator of the STING innate immunity by ubiquitinating and targeting nascent STING protein for proteasomal degradation in the basal state. SEL1L or HRD1 deficiency in macrophages specifically amplifies STING signalling and immunity against viral infection and tumour growth. Mechanistically, nascent STING protein is a bona fide substrate of SEL1L-HRD1 in the basal state, uncoupled from ER stress or its sensor inositol-requiring enzyme 1α. Hence, our study not only establishes a key role of SEL1L-HRD1 ERAD in innate immunity by limiting the size of the activable STING pool, but identifies a regulatory mechanism and therapeutic approach to targeting STING.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yewei Ji
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Yuan Luo
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yating Wu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yao Sun
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lianfeng Zhao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhen Xue
- Graduate Program in Nutrition, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Mengqi Sun
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqiong Wei
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Zinan He
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuangcheng Alivia Wu
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Liangguang Leo Lin
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - You Lu
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Lei Chang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fei Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Siyu Chen
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Qian
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xiaoxi Xu
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Shengnuo Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dongli Pan
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhangsen Zhou
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Sheng Xia
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Chih-Chi Andrew Hu
- Center for Translational Research in Hematologic Malignancies, Houston Methodist Cancer Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Tingbo Liang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ling Qi
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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