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Chauhan PK, Sowdhamini R. Transcriptome data analysis of primary cardiomyopathies reveals perturbations in arachidonic acid metabolism. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1110119. [PMID: 37288265 PMCID: PMC10242083 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1110119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Cardiomyopathies are complex heart diseases with significant prevalence around the world. Among these, primary forms are the major contributors to heart failure and sudden cardiac death. As a high-energy demanding engine, the heart utilizes fatty acids, glucose, amino acid, lactate and ketone bodies for energy to meet its requirement. However, continuous myocardial stress and cardiomyopathies drive towards metabolic impairment that advances heart failure (HF) pathogenesis. So far, metabolic profile correlation across different cardiomyopathies remains poorly understood. Methods In this study, we systematically explore metabolic differences amongst primary cardiomyopathies. By assessing the metabolic gene expression of all primary cardiomyopathies, we highlight the significantly shared and distinct metabolic pathways that may represent specialized adaptations to unique cellular demands. We utilized publicly available RNA-seq datasets to profile global changes in the above diseases (|log2FC| ≥ 0.28 and BH adjusted p-val 0.1) and performed gene set analysis (GSA) using the PAGE statistics on KEGG pathways. Results Our analysis demonstrates that genes in arachidonic acid metabolism (AA) are significantly perturbed across cardiomyopathies. In particular, the arachidonic acid metabolism gene PLA2G2A interacts with fibroblast marker genes and can potentially influence fibrosis during cardiomyopathy. Conclusion The profound significance of AA metabolism within the cardiovascular system renders it a key player in modulating the phenotypes of cardiomyopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Kumar Chauhan
- National Centre for Biological Sciences (Tata Institute of Fundamental Research), Bangalore, India
| | - Ramanathan Sowdhamini
- National Centre for Biological Sciences (Tata Institute of Fundamental Research), Bangalore, India
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology, Bangalore, India
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Seguret M, Vermersch E, Jouve C, Hulot JS. Cardiac Organoids to Model and Heal Heart Failure and Cardiomyopathies. Biomedicines 2021; 9:563. [PMID: 34069816 PMCID: PMC8157277 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9050563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac tissue engineering aims at creating contractile structures that can optimally reproduce the features of human cardiac tissue. These constructs are becoming valuable tools to model some of the cardiac functions, to set preclinical platforms for drug testing, or to alternatively be used as therapies for cardiac repair approaches. Most of the recent developments in cardiac tissue engineering have been made possible by important advances regarding the efficient generation of cardiac cells from pluripotent stem cells and the use of novel biomaterials and microfabrication methods. Different combinations of cells, biomaterials, scaffolds, and geometries are however possible, which results in different types of structures with gradual complexities and abilities to mimic the native cardiac tissue. Here, we intend to cover key aspects of tissue engineering applied to cardiology and the consequent development of cardiac organoids. This review presents various facets of the construction of human cardiac 3D constructs, from the choice of the components to their patterning, the final geometry of generated tissues, and the subsequent readouts and applications to model and treat cardiac diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magali Seguret
- INSERM, PARCC, Université de Paris, F-75006 Paris, France; (M.S.); (E.V.); (C.J.)
| | - Eva Vermersch
- INSERM, PARCC, Université de Paris, F-75006 Paris, France; (M.S.); (E.V.); (C.J.)
| | - Charlène Jouve
- INSERM, PARCC, Université de Paris, F-75006 Paris, France; (M.S.); (E.V.); (C.J.)
| | - Jean-Sébastien Hulot
- INSERM, PARCC, Université de Paris, F-75006 Paris, France; (M.S.); (E.V.); (C.J.)
- CIC1418 and DMU CARTE, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, F-75015 Paris, France
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3
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Roncarati R, Latronico MVG, Musumeci B, Aurino S, Torella A, Bang ML, Jotti GS, Puca AA, Volpe M, Nigro V, Autore C, Condorelli G. Unexpectedly low mutation rates in beta-myosin heavy chain and cardiac myosin binding protein genes in Italian patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. J Cell Physiol 2011; 226:2894-900. [PMID: 21302287 PMCID: PMC3229838 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.22636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most common genetic cardiac disease. Fourteen sarcomeric and sarcomere-related genes have been implicated in HCM etiology, those encoding β-myosin heavy chain (MYH7) and cardiac myosin binding protein C (MYBPC3) reported as the most frequently mutated: in fact, these account for around 50% of all cases related to sarcomeric gene mutations, which are collectively responsible for approximately 70% of all HCM cases. Here, we used denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography followed by bidirectional sequencing to screen the coding regions of MYH7 and MYBPC3 in a cohort (n = 125) of Italian patients presenting with HCM. We found 6 MHY7 mutations in 9/125 patients and 18 MYBPC3 mutations in 19/125 patients. Of the three novel MYH7 mutations found, two were missense, and one was a silent mutation; of the eight novel MYBPC3 mutations, one was a substitution, three were stop codons, and four were missense mutations. Thus, our cohort of Italian HCM patients did not harbor the high frequency of mutations usually found in MYH7 and MYBPC3. This finding, coupled to the clinical diversity of our cohort, emphasizes the complexity of HCM and the need for more inclusive investigative approaches in order to fully understand the pathogenesis of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Roncarati
- Instituto di Tecnologie Biomediche, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Milan, Italy
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Bashyam MD, Purushotham G, Chaudhary AK, Rao KM, Acharya V, Mohammad TA, Nagarajaram HA, Hariram V, Narasimhan C. A low prevalence of MYH7/MYBPC3 mutations among familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy patients in India. Mol Cell Biochem 2011; 360:373-82. [PMID: 21959974 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-011-1077-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2011] [Accepted: 09/16/2011] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Familial Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (FHC) is an autosomal dominant disorder affecting the cardiac muscle and exhibits varied clinical symptoms because of genetic heterogeneity. Several disease causing genes have been identified and most code for sarcomere proteins. In the current study, we have carried out clinical and molecular analysis of FHC patients from India. FHC was detected using echocardiography and by analysis of clinical symptoms and family history. Disease causing mutations in the β-cardiac myosin heavy chain (MYH7) and Myosin binding protein C3 (MYBPC3) genes were identified using Polymerase Chain Reaction-Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid (PCR-DNA) sequencing. Of the 55 patient samples screened, mutations were detected in only nineteen in the two genes; MYBPC3 mutations were identified in 12 patients while MYH7 mutations were identified in five, two patients exhibited double heterozygosity. All four MYH7 mutations were missense mutations, whereas only 3/9 MYPBC3 mutations were missense mutations. Four novel mutations in MYBPC3 viz. c.456delC, c.2128G>A (p.E710K), c.3641G>A (p.W1214X), and c.3656T>C (p.L1219P) and one in MYH7 viz. c.965C>T (p.S322F) were identified. A majority of missense mutations affected conserved amino acid residues and were predicted to alter the structure of the corresponding mutant proteins. The study has revealed a greater frequency of occurrence of MYBPC3 mutations when compared to MYH7 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murali D Bashyam
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics (CDFD), Nampally, Hyderabad, India.
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5
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Verhaert D, Richards K, Rafael-Fortney JA, Raman SV. Cardiac involvement in patients with muscular dystrophies: magnetic resonance imaging phenotype and genotypic considerations. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 2011; 4:67-76. [PMID: 21245364 DOI: 10.1161/circimaging.110.960740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David Verhaert
- Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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Hishiya A, Kitazawa T, Takayama S. BAG3 and Hsc70 interact with actin capping protein CapZ to maintain myofibrillar integrity under mechanical stress. Circ Res 2010; 107:1220-31. [PMID: 20884878 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.110.225649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE A homozygous disruption or genetic mutation of the bag3 gene, a member of the Bcl-2-associated athanogene (BAG) family proteins, causes cardiomyopathy and myofibrillar myopathy that is characterized by myofibril and Z-disc disruption. However, the detailed disease mechanism is not yet fully understood. OBJECTIVE bag3(-/-) mice exhibit differences in the extent of muscle degeneration between muscle groups with muscles experiencing the most usage degenerating at an accelerated rate. Usage-dependent muscle degeneration suggests a role for BAG3 in supporting cytoskeletal connections between the Z-disc and myofibrils under mechanical stress. The mechanism by which myofibrillar structure is maintained under mechanical stress remains unclear. The purpose of the study is to clarify the detailed molecular mechanism of BAG3-mediated muscle maintenance under mechanical stress. METHODS AND RESULTS To address the question of whether bag3 gene knockdown induces myofibrillar disorganization caused by mechanical stress, in vitro mechanical stretch experiments using rat neonatal cardiomyocytes and a short hairpin RNA-mediated gene knockdown system of the bag3 gene were performed. As expected, mechanical stretch rapidly disrupts myofibril structures in bag3 knockdown cardiomyocytes. BAG3 regulates the structural stability of F-actin through the actin capping protein, CapZβ1, by promoting association between Hsc70 and CapZβ1. BAG3 facilitates the distribution of CapZβ1 to the proper location, and dysfunction of BAG3 induces CapZ ubiquitin-proteasome-mediated degradation. Inhibition of CapZβ1 function by overexpressing CapZβ2 increased myofibril vulnerability and fragmentation under mechanical stress. On the other hand, overexpression of CapZβ1 inhibits myofibrillar disruption in bag3 knockdown cells under mechanical stress. As a result, heart muscle isolated from bag3(-/-) mice exhibited myofibrillar degeneration and lost contractile activity after caffeine contraction. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest novel roles for BAG3 and Hsc70 in stabilizing myofibril structure and inhibiting myofibrillar degeneration in response to mechanical stress. These proteins are possible targets for further research to identify therapies for myofibrillar myopathy or other degenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akinori Hishiya
- Boston Biomedical Research Institute, Watertown, MA 02472, USA
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7
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King JC, Moskowitz IPG, Burgon PG, Ahmad F, Stone JR, Seidman JG, Lees JA. E2F3 plays an essential role in cardiac development and function. Cell Cycle 2008; 7:3775-80. [PMID: 19029823 DOI: 10.4161/cc.7.23.7240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The E2F transcription factors are key downstream targets of the retinoblastoma protein tumor suppressor. They are known to regulate the expression of genes that control fundamental biological processes including cellular proliferation, apoptosis and differentiation. However, considerable questions remain about the precise roles of the individual E2F family members. This study shows that E2F3 is essential for normal cardiac development. E2F3-loss impairs the proliferative capacity of the embryonic myocardium and most E2f3(-/-) mice die in utero or perinatally with hypoplastic ventricular walls and/or severe atrial and ventricular septal defects. A small fraction of the E2f3(-/-) neonates have hearts that appear grossly normal and they initially survive. However, these animals display ultrastructural defects in the cardiac muscle and ultimately die as a result of congestive heart failure. These data demonstrate a clear role for E2F3 in myocardial and cardiac function during both development and adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer C King
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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8
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Pattison JS, Robbins J. Protein misfolding and cardiac disease: establishing cause and effect. Autophagy 2008; 4:821-3. [PMID: 18612262 DOI: 10.4161/auto.6502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by the accumulation of misfolded amyloidogenic proteins. Recent data indicate that a soluble pre-amyloid oligomer (PAO) may be the toxic entity in these diseases and the visible amyloid plaques, rather than causing the disease, may simply mark the terminal pathology. In prior studies, we observed PAO in the cardiomyocytes of many human heart failure samples. To test the hypothesis that cardiomyocyte-restricted expression of a known PAO is sufficient to cause heart failure, transgenic mice were created expressing polyglutamine repeats of 83 (PQ83) or 19 (PQ19). Long PQ repeats (>50) form PAOs and result in neurotoxicity in Huntington's disease, whereas shorter PQ repeats are benign. PQ83 expression caused the intracellular accumulation of PAOs and aggregates leading to cardiomyocyte death and heart failure. Evidence of increased autophagy and necrosis accompanied the PQ83 cardiomyocyte pathology. The data confirm that protein misfolding resulting in intracellular PAO accumulation is sufficient to cause cardiomyocyte death and heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Scott Pattison
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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9
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Stöllberger C, Finsterer J. Extracardiac medical and neuromuscular implications in restrictive cardiomyopathy. Clin Cardiol 2008; 30:375-80. [PMID: 17680617 PMCID: PMC6653654 DOI: 10.1002/clc.20005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCMP) is characterized by restrictive filling and reduced diastolic volume of either or both ventricles with normal or near-normal systolic function and wall thickness. It may occur idiopathically or as a cardiac manifestation of systemic diseases such as scleroderma, amyloidosis, Churg-Strauss syndrome, cystinosis, sarcoidosis, lymphoma, Gaucher's disease, hemochromatosis, Fabry's disease, pseudoxanthoma elasticum, hypereosinophilic syndrome, carcinoid, Noonan's syndrome, reactive arthritis, or Werner's syndrome and various neuromuscular disorders. Whereas in idiopathic RCMP the therapeutic options are only treatment of cardiac congestion, in cases with an underlying disorder, a causal therapy may be available. Patients with RCMP should be investigated as soon as the cardiac diagnosis is established for extracardiac diseases to detect a possibly treatable cause of RCMP before the disease becomes intractable. These investigations include a diligent clinical history and examination, blood tests, and ophthalmologic, otologic, dermatologic, gastroenterologic, nephrologic, hematologic, and neurologic examinations. If extracardiac examinations do not reveal a plausible cause for RCMP, endomyocardial biopsy is indicated.
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10
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Machackova J, Barta J, Dhalla NS. Myofibrillar remodeling in cardiac hypertrophy, heart failure and cardiomyopathies. Can J Cardiol 2006; 22:953-68. [PMID: 16971981 PMCID: PMC2570240 DOI: 10.1016/s0828-282x(06)70315-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2005] [Accepted: 06/20/2006] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A wide variety of pathological conditions have been shown to result in cardiac remodelling and myocardial dysfunction. However, the mechanisms of transition from adaptive to maladaptive alterations, as well as those for changes in cardiac performance leading to heart failure, are poorly understood. OBSERVATIONS Extensive studies have revealed a broad spectrum of progressive changes in subcellular structures and function, as well as in signal transduction and metabolism in the heart, among different cardiovascular disorders. The present review is focused on identifying the alterations in molecular and biochemical structure of myofibrils (myofibrillar remodelling) in hypertrophied and failing myocardium in different types of heart diseases. Numerous changes at the level of gene expression for both contractile and regulatory proteins have already been reported in failing hearts and heart diseases; these changes are potential precursors for heart failure such as cardiac hypertrophy and cardiomyopathies. Myofibrillar remodelling, as a consequence of proteolysis, oxidation, and phosphorylation of some functional groups in both contractile and regulatory proteins in hearts failing due to different etiologies, has also been described. CONCLUSIONS Although myofibrillar remodelling appears to be associated with cardiac dysfunction, alterations in both contractile and regulatory proteins are dependent on the type and stage of heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarmila Machackova
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St Boniface General Hospital Research Centre, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba
| | - Judit Barta
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St Boniface General Hospital Research Centre, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba
| | - Naranjan S Dhalla
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St Boniface General Hospital Research Centre, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba
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11
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Schultheiss HP, Noutsias M, Kühl U, Lassner D, Gross U, Poller W, Pauschinger M. [Cardiomyopathies. I: classification of cardiomyopathies--dilated cardiomyopathy]. Internist (Berl) 2006; 46:1245-56; quiz 1257. [PMID: 16228156 DOI: 10.1007/s00108-005-1483-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Cardiomyopathies are common causes of heart failure and sudden cardiac death. According to the WHO classification, "specific" cardiomyopathies are differentiated from "idiopathic" cardiomyopathies. Thus, this classification is primarily based on pathophysiological characteristics. The diagnostic spectrum in cardiomyopathies comprises the entire spectrum of non-invasive and invasive cardiological examination techniques. The exact verification of certain cardiomyopathies necessitates additionally investigations. For example, immunohistological and molecular biological investigations of endomyocardial biopsies may confirm inflammatory cardiomyopathy, which is often induced by viruses. Several studies have shown that specific immunomodulatory treatment options can halt the progressive course of the disease. Several gene mutations have been identified in genetic/familial dilated cardiomyopathy. First-degree relatives should be screened for early stages. Primary prevention of sudden cardiac death shows increasing superiority of the implantable defibrillator compared with pharmacological approaches (i.e. amiodarone).
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Affiliation(s)
- H P Schultheiss
- Medizinische Klinik II, Kardiologie und Pneumologie, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin.
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12
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Schultheiss HP, Noutsias M, Kühl U, Gross U, Lassner D, Poller W, Pauschinger M. [Cardiomyopathies II. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, restrictive cardiomyopathy, arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy]. Internist (Berl) 2006; 46:1373-85, quiz 1386-7. [PMID: 16237514 DOI: 10.1007/s00108-005-1492-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This review focuses on hypertrophic (HCM), restrictive (RCM) and arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathies (ARVC). The clinical phenotype of HCM depends not only on the gene mutations involved, but also on "modifier genes". It is characterized by an asymmetrical hypertrophy. Investigations of endomyocardial biopsies (EMBs) typically reveal a disarray of the hypertrophied cardiomyocytes. Percutaneous septum ablation has gained relevance as the treatment of choice in hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy. Myocardial and endomyocardial RCM-forms can be differentiated. Enlargement of the atria in concert with normal dimensions of the ventricles and almost normal systolic contractility as well as the dip-plateau phenomenon are characteristic findings in RCM. EMB diagnostics are pivotal to identify the causes underlying secondary RCM types. Treatment is directed at heart failure and specifically at the underlying disease. With ARVC, apoptosis, viral infection/inflammation and genetic dystrophy result in fibrofatty degeneration primarily of the right, and with further progression also of the left ventricle. The primary treatment goal in ARVC is prevention of sudden cardiac death. As for other cardiomyopathies, there is increasing evidence for the superiority of ICD compared with pharmacological approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- H-P Schultheiss
- Medizinische Klinik II, Kardiologie und Pneumologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12200 Berlin.
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Schultheiss HP, Kapp JF, Grötzbach G. New therapeutics targets in chronic viral cardiomyopathy. ERNST SCHERING RESEARCH FOUNDATION WORKSHOP 2005:287-303. [PMID: 16329668 PMCID: PMC7123174 DOI: 10.1007/3-540-30822-9_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a prevalent heart muscle disease characterized by impaired contractility and dilation of the ventricles. Recent clinical research suggests that cardiotropic viruses are important environmental pathogenic factors in human DCM, which may therefore be considered as a chronic viral cardiomyopathy. All virus-positive DCM patients thus come into the focus of virological research and should be considered for antiviral strategies. Interferon-β therapy has been shown to mediate virus elimination in patients with adenovirus or coxsackievirus persistence.We discuss here several possible new molecular targets for patients infected with cardiotropic viruses in (1) the cellular virus uptake system, (2) virus-induced cellular signaling pathways, and (3) interactions between virus-encoded proteins with important cellular target proteins. The potential of these approaches in the setting of a chronic viral infection is significantly different from that in an acute viral infection. Specific problems encountered in a chronic situation and possible solutions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. -P. Schultheiss
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 30, Germany
| | - J. -F. Kapp
- Specialized Therapeutics, M1/3-9, Berlex Inc., Montville, NJ 07045 USA
| | - G. Grötzbach
- Medical Development, Specialized Therapeutics, Cardiovascular Europe, Schering AG, 13342 Berlin, Germany
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14
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Fernandez P, Moolman-Smook J, Brink P, Corfield V. A gene locus for progressive familial heart block type II (PFHBII) maps to chromosome 1q32.2-q32.3. Hum Genet 2005; 118:133-7. [PMID: 16086176 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-005-0029-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2005] [Accepted: 06/27/2005] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac conduction defects that are associated with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) are generally considered to be sporadic clinical entities, although familial forms of disorders with these clinical features have been identified in a number of families in different countries. An autosomal dominant cardiac disorder characterised by conduction abnormalities and DCM, termed progressive familial heart block type II (PFHBII) (OMIM 140400), has been described in a South African Caucasian family of Northern European descent. Known candidate loci for isolated conduction disorders, isolated DCM and conduction disorders complicated by DCM were excluded from disease causation in this family by linkage analysis, with the exception of the DCM-associated (CMD1D) locus on chromosome 1q32, where a maximum multipoint lod score of 3.7 in the interval between D1S3753 and D1S414, was generated. This region encompassed the troponin T gene (TNNT2), however, genetic fine mapping and haplotype analysis excluded TNNT2 as cause of PFHBII and placed the disease-causative gene within a 3.9 cM (2.85 Mb) interval, flanked by D1S70 and D1S505. Analysis of KCNH1, KIAA0205, LAMB3 and PPP2R5A, which map within the critical interval, indicated that the PFHBII-causative mutation does not lie within the coding regions or splice junctions of these plausible candidate genes. The data indicate the existence of a novel locus involved in the pathogenesis of cardiac conduction abnormalities and DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Fernandez
- US/MRC Centre for Molecular and Cellular Biology and Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Stellenbosch Faculty of Health Sciences, PO Box 19063, Tygerberg, 7505, South Africa
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15
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Sanbe A, Osinska H, Saffitz JE, Glabe CG, Kayed R, Maloyan A, Robbins J. Desmin-related cardiomyopathy in transgenic mice: a cardiac amyloidosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2004; 101:10132-6. [PMID: 15220483 PMCID: PMC454177 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0401900101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
An R120G missense mutation in the small heat shock protein alpha-B-crystallin (CryAB(R120G)) causes desmin-related cardiomyopathy (DRM). DRM is characterized by the formation of aggregates containing CryAB and desmin, and it can be recapitulated in transgenic mice by cardiac-specific expression of the mutant protein. In this article, we show that expression of CryAB(R120G) leads to the formation of electron-dense bodies characteristic of the DRMs and identify these bodies as aggresomes, which are characteristic of the neurodegenerative diseases. Cardiomyocytes transfected with adenovirus containing CryAB(R120G) establish the necessity and sufficiency of CryAB(R120G) expression for aggresome formation. The commonality of these aggresomes with oligomeric protein aggregates found in the amyloid-related degenerative diseases was corroborated by the presence of high levels of amyloid oligomers that may represent a primary toxic species in the amyloid diseases. These oligomeric amyloid intermediates are present also in cardiomyocytes derived from many human dilated and hypertrophic cardiomyopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Sanbe
- Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Children's Hospital Research Foundation, Mail Location Code 7020, 3333 Burnet Avenue, OH 45229-3039, USA
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16
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Côté F, Thévenot E, Fligny C, Fromes Y, Darmon M, Ripoche MA, Bayard E, Hanoun N, Saurini F, Lechat P, Dandolo L, Hamon M, Mallet J, Vodjdani G. Disruption of the nonneuronal tph1 gene demonstrates the importance of peripheral serotonin in cardiac function. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2003; 100:13525-30. [PMID: 14597720 PMCID: PMC263847 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2233056100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 295] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2003] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Serotonin (5-HT) controls a wide range of biological functions. In the brain, its implication as a neurotransmitter and in the control of behavioral traits has been largely documented. At the periphery, its modulatory role in physiological processes, such as the cardiovascular function, is still poorly understood. The rate-limiting enzyme of 5-HT synthesis, tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH), is encoded by two genes, the well characterized tph1 gene and a recently identified tph2 gene. In this article, based on the study of a mutant mouse in which the tph1 gene has been inactivated by replacement with the beta-galactosidase gene, we establish that the neuronal tph2 is expressed in neurons of the raphe nuclei and of the myenteric plexus, whereas the nonneuronal tph1, as detected by beta-galactosidase expression, is in the pineal gland and the enterochromaffin cells. Anatomic examination of the mutant mice revealed larger heart sizes than in wild-type mice. Histological investigation indicates that the primary structure of the heart muscle is not affected. Hemodynamic analyses demonstrate abnormal cardiac activity, which ultimately leads to heart failure of the mutant animals. This report links loss of tph1 gene expression, and thus of peripheral 5-HT, to a cardiac dysfunction phenotype. The tph1-/- mutant may be valuable for investigating cardiovascular dysfunction observed in heart failure in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francine Côté
- Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire de la Neurotransmission et des Processus Neurodégénératifs, CNRS, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7091 et Institut Fédératif de Recherche 70, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
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