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Meister S, Kellner I, Beyer S, Corradini S, Schulz C, Rogenhofer N, Keilmann L, Kolben TM, Mahner S, Kessler M, Jeschke U, Kolben T. Epigenetic changes occur in placentas of spontaneous and recurrent miscarriages. J Reprod Immunol 2021; 149:103466. [PMID: 34929495 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2021.103466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In contrast to genetic abnormalities which are well known to be responsible for around 50 % of human miscarriages, there is very few data about epigenetic alterations in spontaneous and recurrent miscarriages (SM, RM). The aim of this study was to analyze the histone modification marks H3K9ac and H3K4me3 in SM and RM. METHODS The abundance of histone modifications H3K4me3/H3K9ac was analyzed by western blot in frozen abortion material of SM and RM compared to a control group of legal pregnancy terminations. Further, to characterize placental tissue cells expressing H3K4me3/H3K9ac immunohistochemistry (IHC) and immunofluorescence was performed in 20 SM, 19 RM and 26 controls. RESULTS The western blot data showed a tendency to an overall reduction of H3K4me3/H3K9ac, in the placental tissue of particularly SM. Further we differentiated between syncytiotrophoblast, cytotrophoblast and decidual cells and found a significant decrease of H3K4me3 in SM in cytotrophoblast cells and syncytial stroma. In RM H3K4me3 was downregulated exclusively in the syncytiotrophoblast. H3K9ac was reduced in SM and RM in all evaluated compartments, except from the syncytiotrophoblast. CONCLUSION Our study showed an overall reduced histone modification of H3K4me3 and H3K9ac in the placental tissue of SM. Concerning RM, particularly the reduction of H3K9ac was detected in the placental tissue, indicating that RM group has distinct profile in epigenetic regulation. Whether these histone modifications are part of a possible pathophysiologic cascade during SM and RM or are merely indicating a defective placentation, cannot be concluded from this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Meister
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany; Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
| | - Isabel Kellner
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Susanne Beyer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefanie Corradini
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Germany
| | - Christian Schulz
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Klinikum der Universität, LMU Munich, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Nina Rogenhofer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Lucia Keilmann
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Theresa Maria Kolben
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Sven Mahner
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Mirjana Kessler
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Udo Jeschke
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany; Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Augsburg, Stenglinstraße 2, 86156, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Kolben
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
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Genebrier S, Tarte K. The flawless immune tolerance of pregnancy. Joint Bone Spine 2021; 88:105205. [PMID: 33962032 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbspin.2021.105205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Steve Genebrier
- Unité Inserm U1236, Faculté de médecine, Université de Rennes 1, 2, avenue du Pr Léon Bernard, 35043 Rennes, France; CHU de Rennes, Pôle Biologie, Rennes, France
| | - Karin Tarte
- Unité Inserm U1236, Faculté de médecine, Université de Rennes 1, 2, avenue du Pr Léon Bernard, 35043 Rennes, France; CHU de Rennes, Pôle Biologie, Rennes, France.
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Shi JW, Yang HL, Fan DX, Yang SL, Qiu XM, Wang Y, Lai ZZ, Ha SY, Ruan LY, Shen HH, Zhou WJ, Li MQ. The role of CXC chemokine ligand 16 in physiological and pathological pregnancies. Am J Reprod Immunol 2020; 83:e13223. [PMID: 31972050 DOI: 10.1111/aji.13223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The survival and development of a semi-allogeneic fetus during pregnancy require the involvement of a series of cytokines and immune cells. Chemokines are a type of special cytokine those were originally described as having a role in leukocyte trafficking. CXC chemokine ligand (CXCL) 16 is a member of the chemokine family, and CXC chemokine receptor (CXCR) 6 is its sole receptor. Emerging evidence has shown that CXCL16/CXCR6 is expressed at the maternal-fetal interface, by cell types that include trophoblast cells, decidual stroma cells, and decidual immune cells (eg, monocytes, γδT cells, and natural killer T (NKT) cells). The regulation of expression of CXCL16 is quite complex, and this process involves a multitude of factors. CXCL16 exerts a critical role in the establishment of a successful pregnancy through a series of molecular interactions at the maternal-fetal interface. However, an abnormal expression of CXCL16 is associated with certain pathological states associated with pregnancy, including recurrent miscarriage, pre-eclampsia, and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). In the present review, the expression and pleiotropic roles of CXCL16 under conditions of physiological and pathological pregnancy are systematically discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Wei Shi
- NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui-Li Yang
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Deng-Xuan Fan
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shao-Liang Yang
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xue-Min Qiu
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen-Zhen Lai
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Si-Yao Ha
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu-Yu Ruan
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui-Hui Shen
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-Jie Zhou
- Center of Reproductive Medicine of Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming-Qing Li
- NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Beltrame JS, Scotti L, Sordelli MS, Cañumil VA, Franchi AM, Parborell F, Ribeiro ML. Lysophosphatidic acid induces the crosstalk between the endovascular human trophoblast and endothelial cells in vitro. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:6274-6285. [PMID: 30362520 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Spiral artery remodeling at the maternal-fetal interface is crucial for successful pregnancy and requires the interaction between the first trimester trophoblast and the endothelial cells of the maternal vessels. However, the precise mechanism of this dialog has yet to be determined. The current study investigated whether lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) modulates trophoblast-endothelial crosstalk in vitro. HTR-8/SVneo trophoblast cell line (H8) was seeded on top of Geltrex, incubated with LPA or LPA + NS-398 (selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor), LPA + 1400W (selective inducible nitric oxide synthase inhibitor) or LPA + IL-6 neutralizing antibody and assayed for tube formation to model the acquisition of trophoblast endovascular phenotype. The supernatants were collected and used as conditioned media (CM). To test trophoblast-endothelial crosstalk, the endothelial cell line EA.hy926 was incubated with trophoblast CM. The CM from LPA-induced tubulogenesis stimulated endothelial cells migration and did not modify the apoptosis. Soluble factors derived from cyclooxygenase-2 and IL-6 pathways were involved in H8-EA.hy926 interaction under the LPA effect. Moreover, LPA increased the levels of IL-6 mRNA by cyclooxygenase-2 pathway in H8 cells. Collectively, LPA promotes trophoblast-endothelial crosstalk in vitro and induces the release of trophoblast soluble factors that stimulate endothelial cells migration without changes in apoptosis. The evidence presented here provides new insights about an active role of LPA as a lipid mediator regulating vascular remodeling at the maternal-fetal interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimena S Beltrame
- Laboratorio de Fisiología y Farmacología de la Reproducción, Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFyBO) (CONICET - Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires), Paraguay 2155, 16th floor, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Leopoldina Scotti
- Laboratorio de Estudios de la Fisiopatología del Ovario, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IByME) - (CONICET), Vuelta de Obligado 2490, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Micaela S Sordelli
- Laboratorio de Fisiología y Farmacología de la Reproducción, Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFyBO) (CONICET - Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires), Paraguay 2155, 16th floor, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Vanesa A Cañumil
- Laboratorio de Fisiología y Farmacología de la Reproducción, Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFyBO) (CONICET - Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires), Paraguay 2155, 16th floor, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ana M Franchi
- Laboratorio de Fisiopatología de la Preñez y el Parto, Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFyBO) (CONICET - Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires), Paraguay 2155, 16th floor, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fernanda Parborell
- Laboratorio de Estudios de la Fisiopatología del Ovario, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IByME) - (CONICET), Vuelta de Obligado 2490, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María L Ribeiro
- Laboratorio de Fisiología y Farmacología de la Reproducción, Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFyBO) (CONICET - Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires), Paraguay 2155, 16th floor, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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5
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Jung YJ, Park Y, Kim HS, Lee HJ, Kim YN, Lee J, Kim YH, Maeng YS, Kwon JY. Abnormal lymphatic vessel development is associated with decreased decidual regulatory T cells in severe preeclampsia. Am J Reprod Immunol 2018; 80:e12970. [PMID: 29756666 DOI: 10.1111/aji.12970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM The lymphatic vasculature controls leukocytes trafficking and limits the adaptive immune response. In previous models of preeclampsia (PE), defective immune function caused by disruption of lymphangiogenesis was shown to be involved in the disease pathophysiology. Especially, the dysfunction of regulatory T cells (Treg) at the maternal-fetal interface may be one of the causes of severe PE. In particular, activation of Tregs to obtain immune tolerance requires adequate antigen presentation through the lymphatic system. We hypothesized that impaired lymphangiogenesis and imbalanced Tregs at the maternal-fetal interface are associated with the pathophysiology of severe PE. However, the current research addressing this hypothesis is limited. Therefore, to compare differences in lymphangiogenesis in severe PE and normal conditions, we aimed to examine the location of lymphatics at the maternal-fetal interface and to investigate the association between lymphangiogenesis and Tregs in severe PE. METHOD OF STUDY We obtained entire uterus from normal pregnant mice. Placental and fetal membranes, including decidua, were obtained from 10 pregnant women with severe PE and 10 gestational age-matched controls. Immunohistochemistry for LYVE1 was used to localize the distribution of lymphatic vessels and CD4, CD25, and FOXP3 for Treg. RESULTS LYVE1-positive vessels were present in the uterine wall of mice. LYVE1-positive lymphatic vessels were localized on the human decidua. Tubular lymphatics were abundant in the control decidua, but significantly reduced in severe PE. Furthermore, lymphatic vessel density correlated with the number of decidual Tregs. CONCLUSION Abnormal decidual lymphangiogenesis is associated with reduced numbers of decidual Tregs in severe PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Ji Jung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Women's Life Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yejin Park
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Women's Life Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun-Soo Kim
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hwa Jin Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Women's Life Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoo-Na Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Women's Life Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, Korea
| | - JoonHo Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Women's Life Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Han Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Women's Life Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong-Sun Maeng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Women's Life Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ja-Young Kwon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Women's Life Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, Korea
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Windsperger K, Dekan S, Pils S, Golletz C, Kunihs V, Fiala C, Kristiansen G, Knöfler M, Pollheimer J. Extravillous trophoblast invasion of venous as well as lymphatic vessels is altered in idiopathic, recurrent, spontaneous abortions. Hum Reprod 2017; 32:1208-1217. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dex058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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7
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The role of decidual NK cells in pregnancies with impaired vascular remodelling. J Reprod Immunol 2016; 119:81-84. [PMID: 27680579 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2016.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Revised: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The pathologies of the dangerous pregnancy complications pre-eclampsia (PE) and fetal growth restriction (FGR) are established in the first trimester of human pregnancy yet we know little of how this happens. Finely tuned interactions between maternal and placental cells are essential for pregnancy to progress without complications; however, the precise nature of this cross-talk and how it can go wrong are crucial questions that remain to be answered. This review summarises recent studies examining the role played by natural killer cells in regulating normal placentation and remodelling. Their involvement when it is impaired in PE/FGR pregnancies will additionally be discussed.
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Schanz A, Lukosz M, Hess AP, Baston-Büst DM, Krüssel JS, Heiss C. hCG stimulates angiogenic signals in lymphatic endothelial and circulating angiogenic cells. J Reprod Immunol 2015; 110:102-8. [PMID: 25843522 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2015.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Revised: 12/31/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) has long been associated with the initiation and maintenance of pregnancy, where angiogenesis plays an important role. However, the function of hCG in angiogenesis and the recruitment of vascular active cells are not fully understood. In this study, the role of hCG and its receptor in circulating angiogenic and human endothelial cells, including lymphatic, uterine microvascular, and umbilical vein endothelial cells, was examined. Immunohistochemistry and immunoblot analysis were used to detect LH/hCG receptor expression and the expression of hCG-induced angiogenic molecules. HIF-1α was determined via ELISA and downstream molecules, such as CXCL12 and CXCR4, via real-time PCR. Chemotaxis was analyzed using Boyden chambers. Our results show that the LH/hCG receptor was present in all tested cells. Furthermore, hCG was able to stimulate LH/hCG-receptor-specific migration in a dose-dependent fashion and induce key angiogenic molecules, including HIF-1α, CXCL12, and CXCR4. In conclusion, our findings underscore the importance of hCG as one of the first angiogenic molecules produced by the conceptus. hCG itself alters endothelial motility, recruitment, and expression of pro-angiogenic molecules and may therefore play an important role in vascular adaption during implantation and early placental formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Schanz
- University Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and REI (UniKiD), Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Margarete Lukosz
- University Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty, Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany(1).
| | - Alexandra P Hess
- University Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and REI (UniKiD), Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Dunja M Baston-Büst
- University Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and REI (UniKiD), Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Jan S Krüssel
- University Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and REI (UniKiD), Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Christian Heiss
- University Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty, Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany(1); Department of Cardiology, University of California San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA(2).
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Liu H, Li Y, Zhang J, Rao M, Liang H, Liu G. The defect of both angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis is involved in preeclampsia. Placenta 2014; 36:279-86. [PMID: 25586742 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2014.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Revised: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pre-eclampsia (PE) is characterized by failed remodeling of maternal vessels perfusing the placenta. Blood vessels and lymphatic system are involved in vessel remodeling and flow homeostasis in the uterus during pregnancy. This study aims to investigate the involvement of angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis in PE. METHODS Placental and decidual tissues were obtained from pregnancies with PE (n = 90), including PE cases with decidual vasculopathy (DV) (n = 52) and without DV (n = 38), and healthy pregnancies (control, n = 20). The clinical characteristics of these groups were analyzed. The expression levels of VEGF1, CD34, PROX-1, VEGFR3, and CD31 in the placenta and decidua were detected through immunohistochemistry, reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction, and Western blot. RESULTS The lymphangiogenic markers PROX-1 and VEGFR3 were negatively expressed in the placenta but positively expressed in the decidua. The expression levels of the angiogenic markers VEGF1 and CD34 and the panendothelial marker CD31 were significantly lower in the placenta and decidua of the PE group than in those of the control group. The expression levels of VEGF1, CD34, and CD31 were significantly lower in the placenta and decidua with DV than in those without DV. Furthermore, the expression trends of PROX-1 and VEGFR3 was similar to those of VEGF1, CD34, and CD31 among the groups. CONCLUSIONS Lymphangiogenesis occurred in the decidua but not in the placenta. Impaired angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis were associated with PE, particularly in the presence of DV.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511400, People's Republic of China.
| | - Y Li
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Huangpu Avenue West 601, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, People's Republic of China.
| | - J Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511400, People's Republic of China.
| | - M Rao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511400, People's Republic of China.
| | - H Liang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511400, People's Republic of China.
| | - G Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511400, People's Republic of China.
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Bulmer JN, Innes BA, Levey J, Robson SC, Lash GE. The role of vascular smooth muscle cell apoptosis and migration during uterine spiral artery remodeling in normal human pregnancy. FASEB J 2012; 26:2975-85. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.12-203679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Judith N. Bulmer
- Reproductive and Vascular Biology GroupInstitute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University Newcastle upon Tyne UK
| | - Barbara A. Innes
- Reproductive and Vascular Biology GroupInstitute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University Newcastle upon Tyne UK
| | - Joanne Levey
- Reproductive and Vascular Biology GroupInstitute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University Newcastle upon Tyne UK
| | - Stephen C. Robson
- Reproductive and Vascular Biology GroupInstitute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University Newcastle upon Tyne UK
| | - Gendie E. Lash
- Reproductive and Vascular Biology GroupInstitute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University Newcastle upon Tyne UK
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Castro E, Tony Parks W, Galambos C. Neither normal nor diseased placentas contain lymphatic vessels. Placenta 2011; 32:310-6. [PMID: 21316100 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2011.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2010] [Revised: 01/13/2011] [Accepted: 01/14/2011] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Scant data on placental lymphatic vessels have pointed to the absence of lymphatic circulation. A recent study on mesenchymal dysplasia (MD), however, has identified pathologic lymphangiogenesis using the D2-40 lymphatic marker. These conflicting data have prompted us to investigate whether lymphatic vessels are present in normal developing placentas and in placental disorders characterized by cistern formation. DESIGN Seventeen human placentas without significant pathological abnormality ranging from 12 to 39 weeks of gestational age were studied. Cisternal placental disorders were represented by mesenchymal dysplasia (n = 1), partial hydatitiform mole (n = 2), spontaneous abortion (n = 3) and complete hydatiform mole (n = 2). To identify lymphatic vessels, we used lymphatic endothelial markers Prox-1 and D2-40. The pan-endothelial marker CD31 was used to highlight overall placental vasculature and to determine if the lining cells of cisterns were of endothelial origin. Lymphatic marker positivity was assessed in maternal (decidual) as well as in fetal (chorionic villous) vasculature. RESULTS No staining with Prox-1 or D2-40 was identified in fetal vessels in developing or term placentas, or in selected cisternal placental disorders, although both markers highlighted a number of thin-walled decidual vessels. Cistern lining cells were negative for Prox-1, D2-40 and CD31. D2-40 consistently marked stromal cells in chorionic villi and highlighted perivascular/pericellular extracellular matrix. CONCLUSION We established that no lymphatic vasculature is present in the chorionic villi during development, at term or in selected edematous placental disorders. The cisternal lining cells are not endothelial cells; most likely they are of stromal cell origin. Lymphangiogenesis is a part of decidual vascular remodeling during gestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Castro
- Division of Pediatric Pathology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Kawamura K, Kawamura N, Kumazawa Y, Kumagai J, Fujimoto T, Tanaka T. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor/tyrosine kinase B signaling regulates human trophoblast growth in an in vivo animal model of ectopic pregnancy. Endocrinology 2011; 152:1090-100. [PMID: 21239439 DOI: 10.1210/en.2010-1124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Although medical treatment of unruptured ectopic pregnancy using methotrexate has been established, development of more potent and safer medical treatment is needed due to limited indications and side effects of methotrexate. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) signals through its receptor tyrosine kinase B (TrkB) to regulate the growth of malignant trophoblastic, choriocarcinoma cell. We investigated possible involvement of this signaling system in nonmalignant human trophoblast growth in both ectopic and intrauterine pregnancy. Here, we demonstrated the expression of BDNF in syncytiotrophoblasts and extravillous trophoblasts (EVTs) together with TrkB in cytotrophoblasts and EVTs in human placental villi during both normal and ectopic pregnancies. Treatment of cultured villous explants with soluble TrkB ectodomain or a Trk receptor inhibitor K252a suppressed cytotrophoblast differentiation by inhibiting EVT outgrowth reflected by decreased levels of an EVT marker, human leukocyte antigen-G. These inhibitors also decreased cytotrophoblast proliferation and cellular viability based on histopathological analyses and monitoring glucose metabolism, together with increased apoptosis in cytotrophoblasts based on in situ terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated 2'-deoxyuridine 5'-triphosphate nick end-labeling and caspase-3/7 assays. After xenotransplantation of human placental villi into SCID mice as an in vivo model of ectopic pregnancy, treatment with K252a suppressed transplanted villi growth as reflected by decreased cytotrophoblast differentiation and proliferation, reduced tissue levels of chorionic gonadotropin-β, and increased apoptosis and caspase-3/7 activities. Thus, paracrine signaling by the BDNF/TrkB system is important for human cytotrophoblast differentiation, proliferation, and survival, and inhibition of BDNF/TrkB signaling in cytotrophoblasts could provide a novel medical treatment for ectopic pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Kawamura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Akita University School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Hondo, Akita 010-8543, Japan.
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James JL, Whitley GS, Cartwright JE. Shear stress and spiral artery remodelling: the effects of low shear stress on trophoblast-induced endothelial cell apoptosis. Cardiovasc Res 2010; 90:130-9. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvq396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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14
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Cartwright JE, Fraser R, Leslie K, Wallace AE, James JL. Remodelling at the maternal–fetal interface: relevance to human pregnancy disorders. Reproduction 2010; 140:803-13. [DOI: 10.1530/rep-10-0294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In human pregnancy, successful placentation and remodelling of the uterine vasculature require the integration of a number of stages, which are crucial for a healthy pregnancy. As the demands of the developing fetus for nutrients and oxygen increase, the capacity of the maternal blood vessels to supply this must be altered radically, with deficiencies in this process implicated in a number of dangerous pregnancy complications. The complex signalling networks that regulate these tightly co-ordinated events are becoming clearer as more studies of early pregnancy are performed. It is the aim of this review to draw together our knowledge of events that occur to facilitate a successful pregnancy ranging from the preparation for implantation, through the invasion and differentiation of the trophoblast and the regulation of these processes by other cells within the decidual environment, to the active role that the trophoblast and maternal immune cells play in facilitating the remodelling of the uterine spiral arteries. The events involved in a healthy pregnancy will then be compared to aberrant placentation and remodelling, which are characteristics of many pregnancy disorders, and recent advances in detection of abnormal placental development will also be discussed.
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Girling JE, Rogers PAW. Regulation of endometrial vascular remodelling: role of the vascular endothelial growth factor family and the angiopoietin–TIE signalling system. Reproduction 2009; 138:883-93. [DOI: 10.1530/rep-09-0147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis and vascular maturation occur on a regular, physiological basis in human endometrium. These processes form part of a continuum of vascular remodelling involving numerous regulatory factors. Key factors include vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)A, VEGFC and VEGFD, and their associated receptors VEGFR1, VEGFR2 and VEGFR3. A second group of vascular regulatory proteins belongs to the angiopoietin (ANG)–TIE system. Although members of the VEGF family and the ANG–TIE system are represented in the endometrium, our understanding of how these different molecules interact to regulate remodelling of the blood and lymphatic vasculature present in the endometrium is still limited. A review of the current information is provided.
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16
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Cavanagh PC, Dunk C, Pampillo M, Szereszewski JM, Taylor JE, Kahiri C, Han V, Lye S, Bhattacharya M, Babwah AV. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone-regulated chemokine expression in human placentation. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2009; 297:C17-27. [PMID: 19369450 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00013.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Placental expression of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)-I and II, as well as their cognate receptor, coincides with a period of extensive remodeling of the maternal-fetal interface, near the end of the first trimester of pregnancy. To further define the role of GnRH in human placentation, we performed a microarray screen of HTR-8/SVneo trophoblasts to identify GnRH-regulated genes and their roles in placentation. This screen revealed that GnRH regulates the expression of four angiogenic chemokines: CXCL2, CXCL3, CXCL6, and CXCL8. The microarray data were subsequently confirmed by an extensive Q-PCR time-course analysis. CXCL8, a representative chemokine, was selected for further analysis and shown to be strongly expressed by trophoblasts at the maternal-fetal interface of the human placenta, as well as to accumulate in a GnRH-dependent manner in trophoblast-conditioned media in culture. Trophoblasts were subsequently shown to recruit lymphocytes (Jurkat T cells and primary peripheral blood T and uterine natural killer cells) in chemotaxis assays and this was shown to be GnRH dependent. Furthermore, this recruitment was shown to occur via the release of CXCR1/CXCR2 interacting chemokines, such as the CXCLs investigated in this study. This novel regulation of chemokines by GnRH signaling demonstrates the role of GnRH in regulating the recruitment of lymphocytes to the decidua and the possibility of a direct effect on spiral artery remodeling via the release of proangiogenic chemokines and secondary effects via release of angiogenic factors by recruited lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Craig Cavanagh
- Children's Health Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
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17
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Dunk C, Smith S, Hazan A, Whittle W, Jones RL. Promotion of angiogenesis by human endometrial lymphocytes. Immunol Invest 2008; 37:583-610. [PMID: 18716939 DOI: 10.1080/08820130802191466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The human endometrium is a unique tissue that undergoes dramatic monthly remodeling during the menstrual cycle in preparation for an implanting conceptus. This remodeling involves sequential proliferation and differentiation of endometrial stromal and epithelial cells, coupled with extensive angiogenesis and infiltration of a specific specialized immune cell subset. Increasing evidence points to an essential role for these maternal leukocytes in stimulating the endometrial angiogenesis, and we propose that they also play a key role in the decidual vascular transformation. Aberrant endometrial angiogenesis, decidualisation and vascular transformation is thought to underlie many pathologies of pregnancy, from infertility to the development of preeclampsia and Intra Uterine Growth Restriction. In this chapter we review the cellular processes associated with each stage of endometrial and decidual transformation, detailing the role of the immune cell populations and the angiogenic and chemotactic factors secreted by them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Dunk
- Departments of Physiology and Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women's and Infants Health, Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Rogers PAW, Donoghue JF, Walter LM, Girling JE. Endometrial angiogenesis, vascular maturation, and lymphangiogenesis. Reprod Sci 2008; 16:147-51. [PMID: 19001552 DOI: 10.1177/1933719108325509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis, arteriogenesis or vessel maturation, and lymphangiogenesis comprise a continuum of vascular development, with overlap and interaction between the mechanisms by which they are controlled. These processes are of clinical interest because they play roles in endometrial repair, placental development, and in gynecological disorders including endometrial cancer, endometriosis and abnormal uterine bleeding. Using mouse models we have shown that estrogen can be either proangiogenic or antiangiogenic in endometrium. Progesterone alone is proangiogenic, although this can be moderated by pretreatment with estrogen. Arteriogenesis also increases in response to progesterone, and this effect is not inhibited by estrogen. Lymphatics account for 13% of all vessels in the human functionalis compared to 57% in the basalis. Many of the basalis lymphatic vessels are closely associated with spiral arterioles and this intimate connection may provide a mechanism for paracrine communication between the functionalis and the arteries supplying the endometrium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter A W Rogers
- Centre for Women's Health Research, Monash University, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Monash Institute for Medical Research, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia.
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Quenby S, Nik H, Innes B, Lash G, Turner M, Drury J, Bulmer J. Uterine natural killer cells and angiogenesis in recurrent reproductive failure. Hum Reprod 2008; 24:45-54. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/den348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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20
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Zhang J, Dong H, Wang B, Zhu S, Croy BA. Dynamic changes occur in patterns of endometrial EFNB2/EPHB4 expression during the period of spiral arterial modification in mice. Biol Reprod 2008; 79:450-8. [PMID: 18463357 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.108.067975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Transient, human and murine decidua-associated, Natural Killer lymphocytes (uNK cells) have special, localized roles in early gestational endometrial remodeling and angiogenesis. To determine if uNK cells promote a specific vessel subtype, a histological time-course study of implantation site endothelia was undertaken using normal C57BL/6J (B6) and uNK-deficient B6.129-Rag2 tm1Fwa Il2rg tm2Cgn (alymphoid) mice, a strain lacking pregnancy-induced structural modifications of spiral arteries. Antibodies to EFNB2, EPHB4, and LYVE1, respectively, identified arterial, venous, and lymphatic endothelia. Unexpectedly, many uNK cells in B6 endometrium showed strong EFNB2 expression early in gestation, then became EPHB4+. This molecular transition coincided with structural modifications of spiral arteries that shifted from EFNB2+/EPHB4(-) to EFNB2+/EPHB4+. NK cells from B6 spleen and liver did not express EFNB2. LYVE1 expression was similar in endometrium from B6 and alymphoid mice, but EFNB2 and EPHB4 expression in alymphoid mice was dramatically different. Strong stromal expression of both molecules developed mesometrially, and this was reduced by B6 lymphocyte transfer. Trophoblasts reacted with each marker in both strains. Expression of EFNB2 by uNK cells and trophoblasts may be the key regulatory mechanism that drives their positional association with EFNB2+ arteries and prevents association of both cell types with EPHB4+ veins. Gain of EPHB4 by midgestation spiral arteries may signal completion of pregnancy-induced arterial modification and provide a repulsion mechanism that limits subsequent interactions of the modified vessel with uNK cells and trophoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhong Zhang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
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21
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Rogers P, Donoghue J, Girling J. Endometrial Lymphangiogensis. Placenta 2008; 29 Suppl A:S48-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2007.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2007] [Revised: 09/25/2007] [Accepted: 09/26/2007] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Live cell image analysis of cell-cell interactions reveals the specific targeting of vascular smooth muscle cells by fetal trophoblasts. Exp Cell Res 2008; 314:1455-64. [PMID: 18314101 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2008.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2007] [Revised: 01/18/2008] [Accepted: 01/21/2008] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In early pregnancy, fetal trophoblasts selectively invade and remodel maternal spiral arteries. A healthy pregnancy is dependent on this adaptation to allow sufficient maternal blood to reach the placenta and the developing fetus. However, little is known of the role played by trophoblasts in this adaptation process. In this study, the interactions between trophoblast cells (TC) and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) were examined using novel live cell image analysis methods which allow quantitative assessment of the behaviour of these two cell types in co-culture. TC and VSMC were simultaneously tracked in co-culture and, for each cell type, directionality, speed and the cell-cell interaction were assessed. The overall migratory behaviour of TC was markedly different in the presence of VSMC with co-cultured TC migrating further with directional movement while mono-cultured TC moved more randomly. Furthermore, TC were shown to specifically target VSMC, suggesting that invading TC may initiate targeted vascular remodelling. Analysis of movement behaviour and cell-cell attraction will be useful in other co-culture systems in addition to answering important questions in the reproductive field.
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Hering L, Herse F, Verlohren S, Park JK, Wellner M, Qadri F, Pijnenborg R, Staff AC, Huppertz B, Muller DN, Luft FC, Dechend R. Trophoblasts reduce the vascular smooth muscle cell proatherogenic response. Hypertension 2008; 51:554-9. [PMID: 18195163 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.107.102905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Maternal spiral artery remodeling is the consequence of controlled trophoblast invasive interaction with the maternal cellular environment and is fundamentally important for successful placentation. In preeclampsia, trophoblast invasion is shallow, remodeling is incomplete, and vessels develop an inflammatory appearance, termed "acute atherosis." We noted that, in our preeclampsia, human renin-human angiotensinogen transgenic rat model, complement component 3 (C3), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha were upregulated and heavily expressed in atherotic uteroplacental vessels. We next used coculture involving human trophoblasts, rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), and human VSMCs to observe VSMC-trophoblast regulatory interactions. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha induced complement C3 and interleukin-6 expression in VSMCs. We found that trophoblasts were able to reduce VSMC C3 and interleukin-6 expression after the VSMCs were stimulated with tumor necrosis factor-alpha. However, a direct VSMC-trophoblast cell-cell contact was necessary for this anti-inflammatory response. We also studied double-transgenic VSMCs that express inflammatory components and exhibit accelerated proliferation ("synthetic" phenotype). Trophoblasts could not downregulate C3 in these cells. We then examined uteroplacental tissues from preeclamptic and control patients. In control deciduas, only traces of C3 staining were observed, and vessels were thin walled without thrombus formation. In preeclampsia, the decidual vessels showed atherosis, thrombus formation, and C3 expression. Our data suggest that fetally derived trophoblasts require direct cell-cell contact with maternally derived VSMCs to downregulate VSMC C3 and interleukin-6 expression and to avoid atherosis. The findings also implicate C3 in the placental vasculopathy observed in preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia Hering
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
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25
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Goldman-Wohl DS, Yagel S. Examination of distinct fetal and maternal molecular pathways suggests a mechanism for the development of preeclampsia. J Reprod Immunol 2007; 76:54-60. [PMID: 17482678 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2007.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2006] [Revised: 03/13/2007] [Accepted: 03/16/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In pregnancy, the maternal spiral arteries must widen to nourish the growing fetus. It is this critical step in placental development that is commonly defective in the pathology of preeclampsia. Other features often observed in the placental pathology of preeclampsia include fewer invasive trophoblasts, shallow trophoblast invasion and placental thrombosis and atherotic-like changes. In this review, we propose that there are two distinct pathways, maternal and fetal, which converge on narrow spiral arteries. The unmodified (along the fetal pathway) or blocked (along the maternal pathway) spiral artery, or a combination of the two, may in turn lead to placental insufficiency and induce the maternal cascade of events leading to preeclampsia. We suggest a paradigm for the molecular developmental events that cause preeclampsia through narrow spiral arteries and focus on early events that may cause failed remodeling or blockage of the arteries, which then lead to placental insufficiency and ultimately the hypoxic placenta associated with preeclampsia. We propose that examination of the molecular mechanisms of maternal and fetal pathways that lead to the development of preeclampsia may aid researchers to focus on new potential factors in this molecular basis and ultimately in treatment of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debra S Goldman-Wohl
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hadassah University Hospital-Mt. Scopus, Jerusalem, Israel
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Nisolle M, Alvarez ML, Colombo M, Foidart JM. [Pathogenesis of endometriosis]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 35:898-903. [PMID: 17714973 DOI: 10.1016/j.gyobfe.2007.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2007] [Accepted: 07/20/2007] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Endometriosis, defined by the development of endometrial tissue outside the uterus, is a benign disease responsible for infertility and pelvic pain. The diagnosis based on a detailed gynecological history and a careful clinical examination should be done as early as possible in order to treat patients correctly. Medical treatment is not appropriate in all cases and surgical treatment should be proposed but morbidity is related to the severity of the lesion. Ectopic implantation of endometrial cells needs complex interactions between host tissue and epithelial endometrial cells. The conditions for the development of endometriosis are estrogeno-dependent growth of endometrial cells, induction of angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis. Principal cellular and molecular factors of angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis and fibrosis should be identified in order to develop new therapeutic strategies of endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Nisolle
- Département de gynécologie-obstétrique, université de Liège, hôpital de la Citadelle, 1, boulevard du 12(e) de Ligne, 4000 Liège, Belgique.
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27
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Le Bouteiller P, Fons P, Herault JP, Bono F, Chabot S, Cartwright JE, Bensussan A. Soluble HLA-G and control of angiogenesis. J Reprod Immunol 2007; 76:17-22. [PMID: 17467060 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2007.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2007] [Revised: 03/20/2007] [Accepted: 03/22/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In this review, we summarize the results of a number of our recent in vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrating that, in addition to the immunoregulatory functions, soluble HLA-G molecules also affect endothelial cell activity. We have found that soluble HLA-G1 (also designated HLA-G5) inhibits endothelial cell proliferation, migration and tubule formation, and this occurred through binding to the CD160 receptor and via an apoptotic pathway. Moreover, we have demonstrated that soluble HLA-G1 blocks in vivo rabbit corneal neoangiogenesis. Although it cannot be excluded that other soluble HLA class I molecules may have similar effects, as soluble forms of HLA-G are being produced by trophoblast cells at the maternal-fetal interface during early gestation, we discuss how such anti-angiogenic properties of soluble HLA-G1 may locally influence uterine vascular remodeling.
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Red-Horse K, Crawford Y, Shojaei F, Ferrara N. Endothelium-microenvironment interactions in the developing embryo and in the adult. Dev Cell 2007; 12:181-94. [PMID: 17276337 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2007.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The vascular endothelium is best known for its role in oxygen and nutrient delivery to the various tissues. Growing evidence supports a far more complex role in tissue homeostasis. In particular, reciprocal interactions between endothelial cells and the local microenvironment may regulate organ development and pattern formation. Such interactions appear to be important also in the adult, in normal and pathological conditions.
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Abstract
In the first trimester of pregnancy fetal trophoblast cells invade the maternal uterine spiral arteries leading to loss of the vascular cells from the vessel wall and remodelling of the extracellular matrix. This is crucial to ensure that sufficient blood can reach the developing fetus. Impaired arterial remodelling is a feature of the major pregnancy pathologies pre-eclampsia and fetal growth restriction. Despite its importance, little is known about the regulation of this process. We have shown, using in vitro culture models and ex vivo explant models, that trophoblast cells play an active role in remodelling spiral arteries, and have implicated apoptotic events in this process. Further we have shown that trophoblast-derived factors such as Fas-ligand, tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL) are important regulators of this process. The oxygen tension within the uteroplacental environment will vary with gestational age and will depend on the extent of trophoblast invasion and artery remodelling. Fluctuations in oxygen tension may be an important determinant of cellular events both during invasion towards uterine vessels and during the remodelling process. The components of this process known to be regulated by oxygen are reviewed, including lessons that can be learned from pregnancies at high altitude. In addition, data on the effect of varying oxygen tension on trophoblast production of pro-apoptotic factors and susceptibility of vascular smooth muscle cells to induction of apoptosis are described.
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