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Huang L, Xie Q, Deng J, Wei WF. The role of cancer-associated fibroblasts in bladder cancer progression. Heliyon 2023; 9:e19802. [PMID: 37809511 PMCID: PMC10559166 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are key stromal cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME) that critically contribute to cancer initiation and progression. In bladder cancer (BCa), there is emerging evidence that BCa CAFs are actively involved in cancer cell proliferation, invasion, metastasis, and chemotherapy resistance. This review outlines the present knowledge of BCa CAFs, with a particular emphasis on their origin and function in BCa progression, and provides further insights into their clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Huang
- Department of Urology, Zhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University), Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Qun Xie
- Department of Urology, Zhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University), Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Jian Deng
- Department of Urology, Zhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University), Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Wen-Fei Wei
- Department of Gynecology, Zhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University), Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Pellerin FA, Caneparo C, Pellerin È, Chabaud S, Pelletier M, Bolduc S. Heat-Inactivation of Fetal and Newborn Sera Did Not Impair the Expansion and Scaffold Engineering Potentials of Fibroblasts. Bioengineering (Basel) 2021; 8:bioengineering8110184. [PMID: 34821750 PMCID: PMC8615100 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering8110184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat inactivation of bovine sera is routinely performed in cell culture laboratories. Nevertheless, it remains debatable whether it is still necessary due to the improvement of the production process of bovine sera. Do the benefits balance the loss of many proteins, such as hormones and growth factors, that are very useful for cell culture? This is even truer in the case of tissue engineering, the processes of which is often very demanding. This balance is examined here, from nine populations of fibroblasts originating from three different organs, by comparing the capacity of adhesion and proliferation of cells, their metabolism, and the capacity to produce the stroma; their histological appearance, thickness, and mechanical properties were also evaluated. Overall, serum inactivation does not appear to provide a significant benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Félix-Antoine Pellerin
- Department of Microbiology, Faculté de Sciences et Génie, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada;
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale/LOEX, Regenerative Medicine Division, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada; (C.C.); (È.P.); (S.C.)
| | - Christophe Caneparo
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale/LOEX, Regenerative Medicine Division, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada; (C.C.); (È.P.); (S.C.)
| | - Ève Pellerin
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale/LOEX, Regenerative Medicine Division, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada; (C.C.); (È.P.); (S.C.)
| | - Stéphane Chabaud
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale/LOEX, Regenerative Medicine Division, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada; (C.C.); (È.P.); (S.C.)
| | - Martin Pelletier
- Infectious and Immune Disease Division, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada;
- Department of Microbiology-Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- ARThrite Research Center, Laval University, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Stéphane Bolduc
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale/LOEX, Regenerative Medicine Division, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada; (C.C.); (È.P.); (S.C.)
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-418-990-8255
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Abstract
Tissue engineering is one of the most promising scientific breakthroughs of the late 20th century. Its objective is to produce in vitro tissues or organs to repair and replace damaged ones using various techniques, biomaterials, and cells. Tissue engineering emerged to substitute the use of native autologous tissues, whose quantities are sometimes insufficient to correct the most severe pathologies. Indeed, the patient’s health status, regulations, or fibrotic scars at the site of the initial biopsy limit their availability, especially to treat recurrence. This new technology relies on the use of biomaterials to create scaffolds on which the patient’s cells can be seeded. This review focuses on the reconstruction, by tissue engineering, of two types of tissue with tubular structures: vascular and urological grafts. The emphasis is on self-assembly methods which allow the production of tissue/organ substitute without the use of exogenous material, with the patient’s cells producing their own scaffold. These continuously improved techniques, which allow rapid graft integration without immune rejection in the treatment of severely burned patients, give hope that similar results will be observed in the vascular and urological fields.
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Roy V, Magne B, Vaillancourt-Audet M, Blais M, Chabaud S, Grammond E, Piquet L, Fradette J, Laverdière I, Moulin VJ, Landreville S, Germain L, Auger FA, Gros-Louis F, Bolduc S. Human Organ-Specific 3D Cancer Models Produced by the Stromal Self-Assembly Method of Tissue Engineering for the Study of Solid Tumors. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:6051210. [PMID: 32352002 PMCID: PMC7178531 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6051210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cancer research has considerably progressed with the improvement of in vitro study models, helping to understand the key role of the tumor microenvironment in cancer development and progression. Over the last few years, complex 3D human cell culture systems have gained much popularity over in vivo models, as they accurately mimic the tumor microenvironment and allow high-throughput drug screening. Of particular interest, in vitrohuman 3D tissue constructs, produced by the self-assembly method of tissue engineering, have been successfully used to model the tumor microenvironment and now represent a very promising approach to further develop diverse cancer models. In this review, we describe the importance of the tumor microenvironment and present the existing in vitro cancer models generated through the self-assembly method of tissue engineering. Lastly, we highlight the relevance of this approach to mimic various and complex tumors, including basal cell carcinoma, cutaneous neurofibroma, skin melanoma, bladder cancer, and uveal melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Roy
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Québec, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Brice Magne
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Québec, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Maude Vaillancourt-Audet
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Québec, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Mathieu Blais
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Québec, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Stéphane Chabaud
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Québec, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Emil Grammond
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Québec, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Léo Piquet
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Québec, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX, Québec, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer de l'Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Julie Fradette
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Québec, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX, Québec, QC, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Isabelle Laverdière
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer de l'Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Laval and CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Oncology Division, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Véronique J. Moulin
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Québec, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX, Québec, QC, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Solange Landreville
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Québec, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX, Québec, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer de l'Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Lucie Germain
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Québec, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX, Québec, QC, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - François A. Auger
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Québec, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX, Québec, QC, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - François Gros-Louis
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Québec, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX, Québec, QC, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Stéphane Bolduc
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Québec, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX, Québec, QC, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
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5
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Bouhout S, Chabaud S, Bolduc S. Collagen hollow structure for bladder tissue engineering. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 102:228-237. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.04.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 04/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Rasouly HM, Lu W. Lower urinary tract development and disease. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. SYSTEMS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2013; 5:307-42. [PMID: 23408557 PMCID: PMC3627353 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Congenital anomalies of the lower urinary tract (CALUT) are a family of birth defects of the ureter, the bladder, and the urethra. CALUT includes ureteral anomaliesc such as congenital abnormalities of the ureteropelvic junction (UPJ) and ureterovesical junction (UVJ), and birth defects of the bladder and the urethra such as bladder-exstrophy-epispadias complex (BEEC), prune belly syndrome (PBS), and posterior urethral valves (PUVs). CALUT is one of the most common birth defects and is often associated with antenatal hydronephrosis, vesicoureteral reflux (VUR), urinary tract obstruction, urinary tract infections (UTI), chronic kidney disease, and renal failure in children. Here, we discuss the current genetic and molecular knowledge about lower urinary tract development and genetic basis of CALUT in both human and mouse models. We provide an overview of the developmental processes leading to the formation of the ureter, the bladder, and the urethra, and different genes and signaling pathways controlling these developmental processes. Human genetic disorders that affect the ureter, the bladder and the urethra and associated gene mutations are also presented. As we are entering the postgenomic era of personalized medicine, information in this article may provide useful interpretation for the genetic and genomic test results collected from patients with lower urinary tract birth defects. With evidence-based interpretations, clinicians may provide more effective personalized therapies to patients and genetic counseling for their families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hila Milo Rasouly
- Renal Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Weining Lu
- Renal Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA
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7
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Liu B, Feng D, Lin G, Cao M, Kan YW, Cunha GR, Baskin LS. Signalling molecules involved in mouse bladder smooth muscle cellular differentiation. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2010; 54:175-80. [PMID: 20013655 DOI: 10.1387/ijdb.082610bl] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Mouse bladder mesenchyme differentiates into smooth muscle under the influence of urothelium at gestational day 13.5 (E13.5). Sonic hedgehog (Shh) is considered to be the upstream gene arising from the urothelium, which induces smooth muscle in the peripheral bladder mesenchyme. We hypothesize differential gene expression across the full thickness of bladder mesenchyme as a function of proximity to the inducing bladder urothelium and the peripheral location of the smooth muscle. Embryonic bladders from FVB mice were collected at E12.5, 13.5, 15 and 16 and cryosectioned followed by microdissection with a PixCell II laser capture microscope. RNA extraction was performed at the laser captured sites and mRNA expression profiles were measured using SYBR Green quantitative RT-PCR. Smooth muscle a-actin (SMAA) and smooth muscle myosin heavy chain (SM-MHC) were expressed in the E13.5, E15 and E16 bladders in the peripheral layer of mesenchyme, but not in the prospective submucosa. Patched 1 (Ptc1), Gli1 and bone morphogenetic protein (Bmp) 4 expression was consistently elevated in the mesenchymal layer immediately adjacent to the urothelium compared to the peripheral location at E12.5. After E12.5, Ptc1 expression decreased to an undetectable level throughout the bladder mesenchyme. The level of TGF-beta1 was highest in the mesenchymal layer adjacent to the serosa at E13.5. The level of expression of serum response factor (SRF) was also highest at E15 in the peripheral mesenchyme. Genes downstream of Shh are differentially expressed in the prospective submucosa vs. the peripheral bladder mesenchyme as a function gestation age and smooth muscle differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benchun Liu
- Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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8
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Self M, Geng X, Oliver G. Six2 activity is required for the formation of the mammalian pyloric sphincter. Dev Biol 2009; 334:409-17. [PMID: 19660448 PMCID: PMC2792912 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2009.07.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2009] [Revised: 07/10/2009] [Accepted: 07/29/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The functional activity of Six2, a member of the so/Six family of homeodomain-containing transcription factors, is required during mammalian kidney organogenesis. We have now determined that Six2 activity is also necessary for the formation of the pyloric sphincter, the functional gate at the stomach-duodenum junction that inhibits duodenogastric reflux. Our data reveal that several genes known to be important for pyloric sphincter formation in the chick (e.g., Bmp4, Bmpr1b, Nkx2.5, Sox9, and Gremlin) also appear to be required for the formation of this structure in mammals. Thus, we propose that Six2 activity regulates this gene network during the genesis of the pyloric sphincter in the mouse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Self
- Department of Genetics and Tumor Cell Biology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Xin Geng
- Department of Genetics and Tumor Cell Biology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Guillermo Oliver
- Department of Genetics and Tumor Cell Biology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
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9
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Chen F. Genetic and developmental basis for urinary tract obstruction. Pediatr Nephrol 2009; 24:1621-32. [PMID: 19085015 PMCID: PMC2844875 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-008-1072-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2008] [Revised: 11/15/2008] [Accepted: 11/18/2008] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Urinary tract obstruction results in obstructive nephropathy and uropathy. It is the most frequent cause of renal failure in infants and children. In the past two decades studies of transgenic models and humans have greatly enhanced our understanding of the genetic factors and developmental processes important in urinary tract obstruction. The emerging picture is that development of the urinary tract requires precise integration of a variety of progenitor cell populations of different embryonic origins. Such integration is controlled by an intricate signaling network that undergoes dynamic changes as the embryo develops. Most congenital forms of urinary tract obstruction result from the disruption of diverse factors and genetic pathways involved in these processes, especially in the morphogenesis of the urinary conduit or the functional aspects of the pyeloureteral peristaltic machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Chen
- Renal Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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10
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Olson LE, Soriano P. Increased PDGFRalpha activation disrupts connective tissue development and drives systemic fibrosis. Dev Cell 2009; 16:303-13. [PMID: 19217431 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2008.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2008] [Revised: 11/19/2008] [Accepted: 12/16/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
PDGF signaling regulates the development of mesenchymal cell types in the embryo and in the adult, but the role of receptor activation in tissue homeostasis has not been investigated. We have generated conditional knockin mice with mutations in PDGFRalpha that drive increased kinase activity under the control of the endogenous PDGFRalpha promoter. In embryos, increased PDGFRalpha signaling leads to hyperplasia of stromal fibroblasts, which disturbs normal smooth muscle tissue in radially patterned organs. In adult mice, elevated PDGFRalpha signaling also increases connective tissue growth, leading to a progressive fibrosis phenotype in multiple organs. Increased PDGFRalpha signaling in an Ink4a/Arf-deficient genetic background leads to accelerated fibrosis, suggesting a new role for tumor suppressors in attenuating fibrotic diseases. These results highlight the role of PDGFRalpha in normal connective tissue development and homeostasis and demonstrate a pivotal role for PDGFRalpha signaling in systemic fibrosis diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorin E Olson
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
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11
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Caubit X, Lye CM, Martin E, Coré N, Long DA, Vola C, Jenkins D, Garratt AN, Skaer H, Woolf AS, Fasano L. Teashirt 3 is necessary for ureteral smooth muscle differentiation downstream of SHH and BMP4. Development 2009; 135:3301-10. [PMID: 18776146 DOI: 10.1242/dev.022442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Ureteric contractions propel foetal urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder. Here, we show that mouse ureteric smooth muscle cell (SMC) precursors express the transcription factor teashirt 3 (TSHZ3), and that Tshz3-null mutant mice have congenital hydronephrosis without anatomical obstruction. Ex vivo, the spontaneous contractions that occurred in proximal segments of wild-type embryonic ureter explants were absent in Tshz3 mutant ureters. In vivo, prior to the onset of hydronephrosis, mutant proximal ureters failed to express contractile SMC markers, whereas these molecules were detected in controls. Mutant embryonic ureters expressed Shh and Bmp4 transcripts as normal, with appropriate expression of Ptch1 and pSMAD1/5/8 in target SM precursors, whereas myocardin, a key regulator for SMC differentiation, was not expressed in Tshz3-null ureters. In wild-type embryonic renal tract explants, exogenous BMP4 upregulated Tshz3 and myocardin expression. More interestingly, in Tshz3 mutant renal tract explants, exogenous BMP4 did not improve the Tshz3 phenotype. Thus, Tshz3 is required for proximal ureteric SMC differentiation downstream of SHH and BMP4. Furthermore, the Tshz3 mutant mouse model of ;functional' urinary obstruction resembles congenital pelvi-ureteric junction obstruction, a common human malformation, suggesting that TSHZ, or related, gene variants may contribute to this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Caubit
- Institut de Biologie du Développement de Marseille-Luminy (IBDML), UMR6216, CNRS, Université de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France
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12
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Singh S, Robinson M, Ismail I, Saha M, Auer H, Kornacker K, Robinson ML, Bates CM, McHugh KM. Transcriptional profiling of the megabladder mouse: a unique model of bladder dysmorphogenesis. Dev Dyn 2008; 237:170-86. [PMID: 18069694 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.21391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies in our lab identified a mutant mouse model of obstructive nephropathy designated mgb for megabladder. Homozygotic mgb mice (mgb-/-) develop lower urinary tract obstruction in utero due to a lack of bladder smooth muscle differentiation. This defect is the result of a random transgene insertion/translocation into chromosomes 11 and 16. Transcriptional profiling identified a significantly over-expressed cluster of gene products located on the translocated fragment of chromosome 16 including urotensin II-related peptide (Urp), which was shown to be preferentially over-expressed in developing mgb-/- bladders. Pathway analysis of mgb microarray data indicated dysregulation of at least 60 gene products associated with smooth muscle development. In conclusion, the results of this study indicate that the molecular pathways controlling normal smooth muscle development are severely altered in mgb-/- bladders, and provide the first evidence that Urp may play a critical role in bladder smooth muscle development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunita Singh
- Center for Cell and Developmental Biology, Columbus Children's Research Institute, Columbus, Ohio 43205, USA
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13
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Bush KT, Vaughn DA, Li X, Rosenfeld MG, Rose DW, Mendoza SA, Nigam SK. Development and differentiation of the ureteric bud into the ureter in the absence of a kidney collecting system. Dev Biol 2006; 298:571-84. [PMID: 16934795 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2006.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2006] [Revised: 06/30/2006] [Accepted: 07/10/2006] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Six1-/- mice were found to have apparently normal ureters in the absence of a kidney, suggesting that the growth and development of the unbranched ureter is largely independent of the more proximal portions of the UB which differentiates into the highly branched renal collecting system. Culture of isolated urinary tracts (from normal and mutant mice) on Transwell filters was employed to study the morphogenesis of this portion of the urogenital system. Examination of the ureters revealed the presence of a multi-cell layered tubule with a lumen lined by cells expressing uroplakin (a protein exclusively expressed in the epithelium of the lower urinary tract). Cultured ureters of both the wild-type and Six1 mutant become contractile and undergo peristalsis, an activity preceded by the expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin (alphaSMA). Treatment with a number of inhibitors of signaling molecules revealed that inhibition of PI3 kinase dissociates the developmental expression of alphaSMA from ureter growth and elongation. Epidermal growth factor also perturbed smooth muscle differentiation in culture. Moreover, the peristalsis of the ureter in the absence of the kidney in the Six1-/- mouse indicates that the development of this clinically important function of ureter (peristaltic movement of urine) is not dependent on fluid flow through the ureter. In keeping with this, isolated ureters cultured in the absence of surrounding tissues elongate, differentiate and undergo peristalsis when cultured on a filter and undergo branching morphogenesis when cultured in 3-dimensional extracellular matrix gels in the presence of a conditioned medium derived from a metanephric mesenchyme (MM) cell line. In addition, ureters of Six1-/- urinary tracts (i.e., lacking a kidney) displayed budding structures from their proximal ends when cultured in the presence of GDNF and FGFs reminiscent of UB budding from the wolffian duct. Taken together with the above data, this indicates that, although the distal ureter (at least early in its development) retains some of the characteristics of the more proximal UB, the growth and differentiation (i.e., development of smooth muscle actin, peristalsis and uroplakin expression) of the distal non-branching ureter are inherent properties of this portion of the UB, occurring independently of detectable influences of either the undifferentiated MM (unlike the upper portion of the ureteric bud) or more differentiated metanephric kidney. Thus, the developing distal ureter appears to be a unique anatomical structure which should no longer be considered as simply the non-branching portion of the ureteric bud. In future studies, the ability to independently analyze and study the portion of the UB that becomes the renal collecting system and that which becomes the ureter should facilitate distinguishing the developmental nephrome (renal ontogenome) from the ureterome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin T Bush
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0693, and Urological Diseases Research Center, Department of Urology, Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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14
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Journal club. Kidney Int 2006. [DOI: 10.1038/sj.ki.5001587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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