1
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Katikaneni D, Morel L, Scindia Y. Animal models of lupus nephritis: the past, present and a future outlook. Autoimmunity 2024; 57:2319203. [PMID: 38477884 PMCID: PMC10981450 DOI: 10.1080/08916934.2024.2319203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Lupus nephritis (LN) is the most severe end-organ pathology in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE). Research has enhanced our understanding of immune effectors and inflammatory pathways in LN. However, even with the best available therapy, the rate of complete remission for proliferative LN remains below 50%. A deeper understanding of the resistance or susceptibility of renal cells to injury during the progression of SLE is critical for identifying new targets and developing effective long-term therapies. The complex and heterogeneous nature of LN, combined with the limitations of clinical research, make it challenging to investigate the aetiology of this disease directly in patients. Hence, multiple murine models resembling SLE-driven nephritis are utilised to dissect LN's cellular and genetic mechanisms, identify therapeutic targets, and screen novel compounds. This review discusses commonly used spontaneous and inducible mouse models that have provided insights into pathogenic mechanisms and long-term maintenance therapies in LN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Katikaneni
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Laurence Morel
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, UT Health, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Yogesh Scindia
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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2
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Huang SUS, Kulatunge O, O'Sullivan KM. Deciphering the Genetic Code of Autoimmune Kidney Diseases. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14051028. [PMID: 37239388 DOI: 10.3390/genes14051028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune kidney diseases occur due to the loss of tolerance to self-antigens, resulting in inflammation and pathological damage to the kidneys. This review focuses on the known genetic associations of the major autoimmune kidney diseases that result in the development of glomerulonephritis: lupus nephritis (LN), anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic associated vasculitis (AAV), anti-glomerular basement disease (also known as Goodpasture's disease), IgA nephropathy (IgAN), and membranous nephritis (MN). Genetic associations with an increased risk of disease are not only associated with polymorphisms in the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) II region, which governs underlying processes in the development of autoimmunity, but are also associated with genes regulating inflammation, such as NFkB, IRF4, and FC γ receptors (FCGR). Critical genome-wide association studies are discussed both to reveal similarities in gene polymorphisms between autoimmune kidney diseases and to explicate differential risks in different ethnicities. Lastly, we review the role of neutrophil extracellular traps, critical inducers of inflammation in LN, AAV, and anti-GBM disease, where inefficient clearance due to polymorphisms in DNase I and genes that regulate neutrophil extracellular trap production are associated with autoimmune kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie U-Shane Huang
- Department of Medicine, Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Oneli Kulatunge
- Department of Medicine, Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Kim Maree O'Sullivan
- Department of Medicine, Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
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3
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Watanabe M, Motooka D, Yamasaki S. The kinetics of signaling through the common FcRγ chain determine cytokine profiles in dendritic cells. Sci Signal 2023; 16:eabn9909. [PMID: 36881655 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.abn9909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
The common Fc receptor γ (FcRγ) chain is a signaling subunit common to several immune receptors, but cellular responses induced by FcRγ-coupled receptors are diverse. We investigated the mechanisms by which FcRγ generates divergent signals when coupled to Dectin-2 and Mincle, structurally similar C-type lectin receptors that induce the release of different cytokines from dendritic cells. Chronological tracing of transcriptomic and epigenetic changes upon stimulation revealed that Dectin-2 induced early and strong signaling, whereas Mincle-mediated signaling was delayed, which reflects their expression patterns. Generation of early and strong FcRγ-Syk signaling by engineered chimeric receptors was sufficient to recapitulate a Dectin-2-like gene expression profile. Early Syk signaling selectively stimulated the activity of the calcium ion-activated transcription factor NFAT, which rapidly altered the chromatin status and transcription of the Il2 gene. In contrast, proinflammatory cytokines, such as TNF, were induced regardless of FcRγ signaling kinetics. These results suggest that the strength and timing of FcRγ-Syk signaling can alter the quality of cellular responses through kinetics-sensing signaling machineries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miyuki Watanabe
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.,Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Daisuke Motooka
- Department of Infection Metagenomics, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.,Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (OTRI), Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Sho Yamasaki
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.,Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.,Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research (CiDER), Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.,Division of Molecular Design, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.,Division of Molecular Immunology, Medical Mycology Research Center, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8673, Japan
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4
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Shimamura M, Kamijo SI, Illarionov P. C-type lectin Mincle-dependent and -independent activation of invariant NKT cells by exposure to Helicobacter pylori α-cholesteryl glucosides. FEBS J 2023; 290:134-147. [PMID: 35920835 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori extracts cholesterol from the host and converts it to its glycosides. We found that cholesteryl 6'-O-acyl α-glucoside (ChAcαG) produced by H. pylori is recognised by both invariant Vα14+ NKT (iNKT) cells and a C-type lectin receptor Mincle (Clec4e). However, it is unclear how these duplicated recognitions cooperate and contribute to host defence against H. pylori. Among T cell populations in the liver, iNKT cells predominantly expressed the T cell activation marker CD69 just after stimulation with ChAcαG. The production of IFN-γ and IL-4 was strictly dependent on both CD1d and Jα18 expressions, indicating the necessity of iNKT cell activation for the initiation of immune responses. Production of IFN-γ by iNKT cells was markedly reduced by the Mincle deficiency on antigen-presenting cells (APCs), while IL-4 production was not significantly influenced. IL-2 production by iNKT cell hybridomas was also diminished by the Mincle deficiency upon stimulation with APCs previously loaded with ChAcαG. Here, the immune responses of iNKT cell hybridomas stimulated with wild-type APCs were reduced by the addition of anti-IL-12 blocking antibody to the level stimulated with Mincle-deficient APCs. Collectively, these results suggest that iNKT cells can be activated with the cholesteryl glycosides via a Mincle-dependent, IL-12 signal-dependent pathway and a Mincle-independent, invariant TCR signal-dominant pathway. iNKT cells activated via the Mincle-dependent pathway produce IFN-γ-dominant cytokines; hence, they may contribute to enhancing proinflammatory responses against H. pylori infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michio Shimamura
- Tsukuba Research Center for Interdisciplinary Materials Science, University of Tsukuba, Japan.,Mitsubishi Kagaku Institute of Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan.,School of Science and Technology, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Kamijo
- Mitsubishi Kagaku Institute of Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan.,LifeWill Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
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5
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Aymonnier K, Amsler J, Lamprecht P, Salama A, Witko‐Sarsat V. The neutrophil: A key resourceful agent in immune‐mediated vasculitis. Immunol Rev 2022; 314:326-356. [PMID: 36408947 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The term "vasculitis" refers to a group of rare immune-mediated diseases characterized by the dysregulated immune system attacking blood vessels located in any organ of the body, including the skin, lungs, and kidneys. Vasculitides are classified according to the size of the vessel that is affected. Although this observation is not specific to small-, medium-, or large-vessel vasculitides, patients show a high circulating neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, suggesting the direct or indirect involvement of neutrophils in these diseases. As first responders to infection or inflammation, neutrophils release cytotoxic mediators, including reactive oxygen species, proteases, and neutrophil extracellular traps. If not controlled, this dangerous arsenal can injure the vascular system, which acts as the main transport route for neutrophils, thereby amplifying the initial inflammatory stimulus and the recruitment of immune cells. This review highlights the ability of neutrophils to "set the tone" for immune cells and other cells in the vessel wall. Considering both their long-established and newly described roles, we extend their functions far beyond their direct host-damaging potential. We also review the roles of neutrophils in various types of primary vasculitis, including immune complex vasculitis, anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis, polyarteritis nodosa, Kawasaki disease, giant cell arteritis, Takayasu arteritis, and Behçet's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Aymonnier
- INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, Université Paris Cité, CNRS 8104 Paris France
| | - Jennifer Amsler
- INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, Université Paris Cité, CNRS 8104 Paris France
| | - Peter Lamprecht
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology University of Lübeck Lübeck Germany
| | - Alan Salama
- Department of Renal Medicine, Royal Free Hospital University College London London UK
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6
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Yoshida Y, Nishi H. The role of the complement system in kidney glomerular capillary thrombosis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:981375. [PMID: 36189215 PMCID: PMC9515535 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.981375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The complement system is part of the innate immune system. The crucial step in activating the complement system is the generation and regulation of C3 convertase complexes, which are needed to generate opsonins that promote phagocytosis, to generate C3a that regulates inflammation, and to initiate the lytic terminal pathway through the generation and activity of C5 convertases. A growing body of evidence has highlighted the interplay between the complement system, coagulation system, platelets, neutrophils, and endothelial cells. The kidneys are highly susceptible to complement-mediated injury in several genetic, infectious, and autoimmune diseases. Atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS) and lupus nephritis (LN) are both characterized by thrombosis in the glomerular capillaries of the kidneys. In aHUS, congenital or acquired defects in complement regulators may trigger platelet aggregation and activation, resulting in the formation of platelet-rich thrombi in the kidneys. Because glomerular vasculopathy is usually noted with immunoglobulin and complement accumulation in LN, complement-mediated activation of tissue factors could partly explain the autoimmune mechanism of thrombosis. Thus, kidney glomerular capillary thrombosis is mediated by complement dysregulation and may also be associated with complement overactivation. Further investigation is required to clarify the interaction between these vascular components and develop specific therapeutic approaches.
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7
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Nagata M, Toyonaga K, Ishikawa E, Haji S, Okahashi N, Takahashi M, Izumi Y, Imamura A, Takato K, Ishida H, Nagai S, Illarionov P, Stocker BL, Timmer MSM, Smith DGM, Williams SJ, Bamba T, Miyamoto T, Arita M, Appelmelk BJ, Yamasaki S. Helicobacter pylori metabolites exacerbate gastritis through C-type lectin receptors. J Exp Med 2021; 218:152132. [PMID: 32991669 PMCID: PMC7527975 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20200815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori causes gastritis, which has been attributed to the development of H. pylori-specific T cells during infection. However, the mechanism underlying innate immune detection leading to the priming of T cells is not fully understood, as H. pylori evades TLR detection. Here, we report that H. pylori metabolites modified from host cholesterol exacerbate gastritis through the interaction with C-type lectin receptors. Cholesteryl acyl α-glucoside (αCAG) and cholesteryl phosphatidyl α-glucoside (αCPG) were identified as noncanonical ligands for Mincle (Clec4e) and DCAR (Clec4b1). During chronic infection, H. pylori-specific T cell responses and gastritis were ameliorated in Mincle-deficient mice, although bacterial burdens remained unchanged. Furthermore, a mutant H. pylori strain lacking αCAG and αCPG exhibited an impaired ability to cause gastritis. Thus H. pylori-specific modification of host cholesterol plays a pathophysiological role that exacerbates gastric inflammation by triggering C-type lectin receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Nagata
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kenji Toyonaga
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Eri Ishikawa
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.,Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shojiro Haji
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Okahashi
- Department of Bioinformatics Engineering, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.,Laboratory for Metabolomics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masatomo Takahashi
- Division of Metabolomics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Izumi
- Division of Metabolomics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Akihiro Imamura
- Department of Applied Bioorganic Chemistry, Gifu University, Gifu, Gifu, Japan
| | - Koichi Takato
- Department of Applied Bioorganic Chemistry, Gifu University, Gifu, Gifu, Japan
| | - Hideharu Ishida
- Department of Applied Bioorganic Chemistry, Gifu University, Gifu, Gifu, Japan.,Center for Highly Advanced Integration of Nano and Life Sciences (G-CHAIN), Gifu University, Gifu, Gifu, Japan
| | - Shigenori Nagai
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Petr Illarionov
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Bridget L Stocker
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand.,Centre for Biodiscovery, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand.,Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Mattie S M Timmer
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand.,Centre for Biodiscovery, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand.,Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Dylan G M Smith
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Institute of Molecular Science and Biotechnology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Spencer J Williams
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Institute of Molecular Science and Biotechnology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Takeshi Bamba
- Division of Metabolomics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tomofumi Miyamoto
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Makoto Arita
- Laboratory for Metabolomics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan.,Cellular and Molecular Epigenetics Laboratory, Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan.,Division of Physiological Chemistry and Metabolism, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Keio University, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ben J Appelmelk
- Molecular Microbiology/Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sho Yamasaki
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.,Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.,Division of Molecular Design, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Fukuoka, Japan.,Division of Molecular Immunology, Medical Mycology Research Center, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
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8
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Garcia GE, Lu YJ, Truong LD, Roncal-Jiménez CA, Miyazaki M, Miyazaki-Anzai S, Cara-Fuentes G, Andres-Hernando A, Lanaspa M, Johnson RJ, Leamon CP. A Novel Treatment for Glomerular Disease: Targeting the Activated Macrophage Folate Receptor with a Trojan Horse Therapy in Rats. Cells 2021; 10:2113. [PMID: 34440885 PMCID: PMC8393837 DOI: 10.3390/cells10082113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Since activated macrophages express a functional folate receptor β (FRβ), targeting this macrophage population with folate-linked drugs could increase selectivity to treat inflammatory diseases. Using a macrophage-mediated anti-glomerular basement membrane (anti-GBM) glomerulonephritis (GN) in WKY rats, we investigated the effect of a novel folic acid-aminopterin (AMT) conjugate (EC2319) designed to intracellularly deliver AMT via the FR. We found that treatment with EC2319 significantly attenuated kidney injury and preserved renal function. Kidney protection with EC2319 was blocked by a folate competitor, indicating that its mechanism of action was specifically FRβ-mediated. Notably, treatment with methotrexate (MTX), another folic acid antagonist related to AMT, did not protect from kidney damage. EC2319 reduced glomerular and interstitial macrophage infiltration and decreased M1 macrophage recruitment but not M2 macrophages. The expression of CCL2 and the pro-fibrotic cytokine TGF-β were also reduced in nephritic glomeruli with EC2319 treatment. In EC2319-treated rats, there was a significant decrease in the deposition of collagens. In nephritic kidneys, FRβ was expressed on periglomerular macrophages and macrophages present in the crescents, but its expression was not observed in normal kidneys. These data indicate that selectively targeting the activated macrophage population could represent a novel means for treating anti-GBM GN and other acute crescentic glomerulonephritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela E. Garcia
- Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (C.A.R.-J.); (M.M.); (S.M.-A.); (G.C.-F.); (A.A.-H.); (M.L.); (R.J.J.)
| | - Yingjuan J. Lu
- Endocyte, Inc., Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA; (Y.J.L.); (C.P.L.)
| | - Luan D. Truong
- Department of Pathology, The Houston Methodist Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Carlos A. Roncal-Jiménez
- Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (C.A.R.-J.); (M.M.); (S.M.-A.); (G.C.-F.); (A.A.-H.); (M.L.); (R.J.J.)
| | - Makoto Miyazaki
- Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (C.A.R.-J.); (M.M.); (S.M.-A.); (G.C.-F.); (A.A.-H.); (M.L.); (R.J.J.)
| | - Shinobu Miyazaki-Anzai
- Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (C.A.R.-J.); (M.M.); (S.M.-A.); (G.C.-F.); (A.A.-H.); (M.L.); (R.J.J.)
| | - Gabriel Cara-Fuentes
- Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (C.A.R.-J.); (M.M.); (S.M.-A.); (G.C.-F.); (A.A.-H.); (M.L.); (R.J.J.)
| | - Ana Andres-Hernando
- Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (C.A.R.-J.); (M.M.); (S.M.-A.); (G.C.-F.); (A.A.-H.); (M.L.); (R.J.J.)
| | - Miguel Lanaspa
- Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (C.A.R.-J.); (M.M.); (S.M.-A.); (G.C.-F.); (A.A.-H.); (M.L.); (R.J.J.)
| | - Richard J. Johnson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (C.A.R.-J.); (M.M.); (S.M.-A.); (G.C.-F.); (A.A.-H.); (M.L.); (R.J.J.)
| | - Christopher P. Leamon
- Endocyte, Inc., Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA; (Y.J.L.); (C.P.L.)
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9
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Heme activates platelets and exacerbates rhabdomyolysis-induced acute kidney injury via CLEC-2 and GPVI/FcRγ. Blood Adv 2021; 5:2017-2026. [PMID: 33843987 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2020001698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that platelets participate in multiple pathophysiological processes other than thrombosis and hemostasis, such as immunity, inflammation, embryonic development, and cancer progression. A recent study revealed that heme (hemin)-activated platelets induce macrophage extracellular traps (METs) and exacerbate rhabdomyolysis-induced acute kidney injury (RAKI); however, how hemin activates platelets remains unclear. Here, we report that both C-type lectin-like receptor-2 (CLEC-2) and glycoprotein VI (GPVI) are platelet hemin receptors and are involved in the exacerbation of RAKI. We investigated hemin-induced platelet aggregation in humans and mice, binding of hemin to CLEC-2 and GPVI, the RAKI-associated phenotype in a mouse model, and in vitro MET formation. Using western blotting and surface plasmon resonance, we showed that hemin activates human platelets by stimulating the phosphorylation of SYK and PLCγ2 and directly binding to both CLEC-2 and GPVI. Furthermore, hemin-induced murine platelet aggregation was partially reduced in CLEC-2-depleted and FcRγ-deficient (equivalent to GPVI-deficient) platelets and almost completely inhibited in CLEC-2-depleted FcRγ-deficient (double-knockout) platelets. In addition, hemin-induced murine platelet aggregation was inhibited by the CLEC-2 inhibitor cobalt hematoporphyrin or GPVI antibody (JAQ-1). Renal dysfunction, tubular injury, and MET formation were attenuated in double-knockout RAKI mice. Furthermore, in vitro MET formation assay showed that the downstream signaling pathway of CLEC-2 and GPVI is involved in MET formation. We propose that both CLEC-2 and GPVI in platelets play an important role in RAKI development.
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10
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TREM2 is a receptor for non-glycosylated mycolic acids of mycobacteria that limits anti-mycobacterial macrophage activation. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2299. [PMID: 33863908 PMCID: PMC8052348 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22620-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterial cell-wall glycolipids elicit an anti-mycobacterial immune response via FcRγ-associated C-type lectin receptors, including Mincle, and caspase-recruitment domain family member 9 (CARD9). Additionally, mycobacteria harbor immuno-evasive cell-wall lipids associated with virulence and latency; however, a mechanism of action is unclear. Here, we show that the DAP12-associated triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) recognizes mycobacterial cell-wall mycolic acid (MA)-containing lipids and suggest a mechanism by which mycobacteria control host immunity via TREM2. Macrophages respond to glycosylated MA-containing lipids in a Mincle/FcRγ/CARD9-dependent manner to produce inflammatory cytokines and recruit inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)-positive mycobactericidal macrophages. Conversely, macrophages respond to non-glycosylated MAs in a TREM2/DAP12-dependent but CARD9-independent manner to recruit iNOS-negative mycobacterium-permissive macrophages. Furthermore, TREM2 deletion enhances Mincle-induced macrophage activation in vitro and inflammation in vivo and accelerates the elimination of mycobacterial infection, suggesting that TREM2-DAP12 signaling counteracts Mincle-FcRγ-CARD9-mediated anti-mycobacterial immunity. Mycobacteria, therefore, harness TREM2 for immune evasion. Mycobacterial cell wall lipids can drive immunoevasion, but underlying mechanisms are incompletely understood. Here the authors show TREM2 is a pattern recognition receptor that binds non-glycosylated mycolic acid-containing lipids and inhibits Mincle-induced anti-mycobacterial macrophage responses.
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11
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Melki I, Allaeys I, Tessandier N, Mailhot B, Cloutier N, Campbell RA, Rowley JW, Salem D, Zufferey A, Laroche A, Lévesque T, Patey N, Rauch J, Lood C, Droit A, McKenzie SE, Machlus KR, Rondina MT, Lacroix S, Fortin PR, Boilard E. FcγRIIA expression accelerates nephritis and increases platelet activation in systemic lupus erythematosus. Blood 2020; 136:2933-2945. [PMID: 33331924 PMCID: PMC7751357 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2020004974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune inflammatory disease characterized by deposits of immune complexes (ICs) in organs and tissues. The expression of FcγRIIA by human platelets, which is their unique receptor for immunoglobulin G antibodies, positions them to ideally respond to circulating ICs. Whereas chronic platelet activation and thrombosis are well-recognized features of human SLE, the exact mechanisms underlying platelet activation in SLE remain unknown. Here, we evaluated the involvement of FcγRIIA in the course of SLE and platelet activation. In patients with SLE, levels of ICs are associated with platelet activation. Because FcγRIIA is absent in mice, and murine platelets do not respond to ICs in any existing mouse model of SLE, we introduced the FcγRIIA (FCGR2A) transgene into the NZB/NZWF1 mouse model of SLE. In mice, FcγRIIA expression by bone marrow cells severely aggravated lupus nephritis and accelerated death. Lupus onset initiated major changes to the platelet transcriptome, both in FcγRIIA-expressing and nonexpressing mice, but enrichment for type I interferon response gene changes was specifically observed in the FcγRIIA mice. Moreover, circulating platelets were degranulated and were found to interact with neutrophils in FcγRIIA-expressing lupus mice. FcγRIIA expression in lupus mice also led to thrombosis in lungs and kidneys. The model recapitulates hallmarks of human SLE and can be used to identify contributions of different cellular lineages in the manifestations of SLE. The study further reveals a role for FcγRIIA in nephritis and in platelet activation in SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imene Melki
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche Arthrite, Faculté de Médecine de l'Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Isabelle Allaeys
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche Arthrite, Faculté de Médecine de l'Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Nicolas Tessandier
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche Arthrite, Faculté de Médecine de l'Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Benoit Mailhot
- Département de Médecine Moléculaire, Faculté de Médecine de l'Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Axe Neurosciences, Université Laval, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Nathalie Cloutier
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche Arthrite, Faculté de Médecine de l'Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Robert A Campbell
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
- University of Utah Molecular Medicine Program, Eccles Institute of Human Genetics, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Jesse W Rowley
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
- University of Utah Molecular Medicine Program, Eccles Institute of Human Genetics, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - David Salem
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Anne Zufferey
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche Arthrite, Faculté de Médecine de l'Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Audrée Laroche
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche Arthrite, Faculté de Médecine de l'Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Tania Lévesque
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche Arthrite, Faculté de Médecine de l'Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Natalie Patey
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sainte-Justine, Département de Pathologie et Biologie Cellulaire, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Joyce Rauch
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Christian Lood
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Arnaud Droit
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Département de Médecine Moléculaire, Faculté de Médecine de l'Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Steven E McKenzie
- Cardeza Foundation for Hematological Research, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Kellie R Machlus
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and
| | - Matthew T Rondina
- Axe Neurosciences, Université Laval, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- University of Utah Molecular Medicine Program, Eccles Institute of Human Genetics, Salt Lake City, UT
- Department of Internal Medicine-Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical Center (VAMC), Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Steve Lacroix
- Centre de Recherche Arthrite, Faculté de Médecine de l'Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Département de Médecine Moléculaire, Faculté de Médecine de l'Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Paul R Fortin
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche Arthrite, Faculté de Médecine de l'Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Eric Boilard
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche Arthrite, Faculté de Médecine de l'Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
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12
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Utilizing methylglyoxal and D-lactate in urine to evaluate saikosaponin C treatment in mice with accelerated nephrotoxic serum nephritis. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0241053. [PMID: 33104740 PMCID: PMC7588094 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between methylglyoxal (MGO) and D-lactate during saikosaponin C (SSC) treatment of mice with accelerated nephrotoxic serum (NTS) nephritis was investigated. NTS nephritis was induced by administration of anti-basement membrane antibodies to C57BL/6 mice and three dosages of SSC were administered for 14 days. Proteinuria, blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, renal histology, urinary MGO and d-lactate changes were examined. Compared to the NTS control group, the middle dosage (10 mg/kg/day) of SSC significantly alleviated the development of nephritis based on urine protein measurements (34.40 ± 6.85 vs. 17.33 ± 4.79 mg/day, p<0.05). Pathological observation of the glomerular basement membrane (GBM) revealed monocyte infiltration, hypertrophy, and crescents were alleviated, and injury scoring also showed improved efficacy for the middle dose of SSC during nephritis (7.92 ± 1.37 vs. 3.50 ± 1.14, p<0.05). Moreover, the significant decreases in urinary levels of MGO (24.71 ± 3.46 vs. 16.72 ± 2.36 μg/mg, p<0.05) and D-lactate (0.31 ± 0.04 vs. 0.23 ± 0.02 μmol/mg, p<0.05) were consistent with the biochemical and pathological examinations. This study demonstrates that MGO and D-lactate may reflect the extent of damage and the efficacy of SSC in NTS nephritis; further studies are required to enable clinical application.
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13
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Kamohara A, Hirata H, Xu X, Shiraki M, Yamada S, Zhang JQ, Kukita T, Toyonaga K, Hara H, Urano Y, Yamashita Y, Miyamoto H, Kukita A. IgG immune complexes with Staphylococcus aureus protein A enhance osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption by stimulating Fc receptors and TLR2. Int Immunol 2020; 32:89-104. [PMID: 31713625 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxz063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a main pathogen of osteomyelitis and protein A is a virulence factor with high affinity for IgG. In this study, we investigated whether S. aureus affects the differentiation and bone resorption of osteoclasts through the IgG-binding capacity of protein A. Staphylococcus aureus pre-treated with serum or IgG showed marked enhancement in osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption compared to non-treated S. aureus or a protein A-deficient mutant. Blocking of the Fc receptor and deletion of the Fcγ receptor gene in osteoclast precursor cells showed that enhanced osteoclastogenesis stimulated by S. aureus IgG immune complexes (ICs) was mediated by the Fc receptor on osteoclast precursor cells. In addition, osteoclastogenesis stimulated by S. aureus ICs but not the protein A-deficient mutant was markedly reduced in osteoclast precursor cells of Myd88-knockout mice. Moreover, NFATc1, Syk and NF-κB signals were necessary for osteoclastogenesis stimulated by S. aureus ICs. The results suggest the contribution of a of Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2)-Myd88 signal to the activity of S. aureus ICs. We further examined the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines that is known to be enhanced by FcγR-TLR cross-talk. Osteoclasts induced by S. aureus ICs showed higher expression of TNF-α and IL-1β, and marked stimulation of proton secretion of osteoclasts activated by pro-inflammatory cytokines. Finally, injection of S. aureus, but not the protein A-deficient mutant, exacerbated bone loss in implantation and intra-peritoneal administration mouse models. Our results provide a novel mechanistic aspect of bone loss induced by S. aureus in which ICs and both Fc receptors and TLR pathways are involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asana Kamohara
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Saga, Japan.,Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Saga, Japan
| | - Hirohito Hirata
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Saga, Japan.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Xianghe Xu
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Saga, Japan.,Department of Molecular Cell Biology & Oral Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Makoto Shiraki
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Saga, Japan.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Sakuo Yamada
- Department of Medical Technology, Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Health Science & Technology, Kawasaki University of Medical Welfare, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan
| | - Jing-Qi Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Toshio Kukita
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology & Oral Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kenji Toyonaga
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Hara
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Yasuteru Urano
- Department of Chemical Biology & Molecular Imaging, Graduate School of Medicine , Hongo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Chemistry & Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | - Akiko Kukita
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Saga, Japan
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14
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Yamamoto T, Masuta Y, Momota M, Kanekiyo M, Kanuma T, Takahama S, Moriishi E, Yasutomi Y, Saito T, Graham BS, Takahashi Y, Ishii KJ. A unique nanoparticulate TLR9 agonist enables a HA split vaccine to confer FcγR-mediated protection against heterologous lethal influenza virus infection. Int Immunol 2020; 31:81-90. [PMID: 30535055 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxy069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of a universal influenza vaccine that can provide a robust and long-lasting protection against a broader range of influenza virus strains is a global public health priority. One approach to improve vaccine efficacy is to use an adjuvant to boost immune responses to the target antigens; nevertheless, the role of adjuvants in the context of influenza vaccines is not fully understood. We have previously developed the K3-schizophyllan (SPG) adjuvant, which is composed of nanoparticulated oligodeoxynucleotides K3, a TLR9 agonist, with SPG, a non-agonistic β-glucan ligand of Dectin-1. In this study, K3-SPG given with conventional influenza hemagglutinin (HA) split vaccine (K3-SPG HA) conferred protection against antigenically mismatched heterologous virus challenge. While K3-SPG HA elicited robust cross-reactive HA-specific IgG2c and CD8 T-cell responses, CD8 T-cell depletion had no impact on this cross-protection. In contrast, K3-SPG HA was not able to confer protection against heterologous virus challenge in FcRγ-deficient mice. Our results indicated that FcγR-mediated antibody responses induced by the HA antigen and K3-SPG adjuvant were important for potent protection against antigenically mismatched influenza virus infection. Thus, we demonstrated that the K3-SPG-adjuvanted vaccine strategy broadens protective immunity against influenza and provides a basis for the development of next-generation influenza vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Yamamoto
- Laboratory of Adjuvant Innovation, Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research, Osaka, Japan.,Laboratory of Immunosenescence, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuji Masuta
- Laboratory of Adjuvant Innovation, Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research, Osaka, Japan.,Laboratories of Discovery Research, Nippon Shinyaku Co., Ltd., Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Momota
- Laboratory of Adjuvant Innovation, Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research, Osaka, Japan.,Laboratory of Vaccine Science, World Premier International Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masaru Kanekiyo
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Tomohiro Kanuma
- Laboratory of Adjuvant Innovation, Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research, Osaka, Japan.,Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Vaccine Research, Tsukuba Primate Research Center, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Shoukichi Takahama
- Laboratory of Immunosenescence, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan.,Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Vaccine Research, Tsukuba Primate Research Center, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Eiko Moriishi
- Laboratory of Immunosenescence, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Yasutomi
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Vaccine Research, Tsukuba Primate Research Center, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Takashi Saito
- Laboratory for Cell Signaling, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Barney S Graham
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yoshimasa Takahashi
- Department of Immunology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ken J Ishii
- Laboratory of Adjuvant Innovation, Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research, Osaka, Japan.,Laboratory of Vaccine Science, World Premier International Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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15
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Kalinkovich A, Gabdulina G, Livshits G. Autoimmunity, inflammation, and dysbiosis mutually govern the transition from the preclinical to the clinical stage of rheumatoid arthritis. Immunol Res 2018; 66:696-709. [DOI: 10.1007/s12026-018-9048-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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16
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Han Y, Ma FY, Di Paolo J, Nikolic-Paterson DJ. An inhibitor of spleen tyrosine kinase suppresses experimental crescentic glomerulonephritis. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2018; 32:2058738418783404. [PMID: 29923438 PMCID: PMC6024518 DOI: 10.1177/2058738418783404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-selective inhibitors of spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) efficiently suppress
disease in T cell-dependent models of crescentic glomerulonephritis. However,
the therapeutic potential of selective SYK inhibitors in this disease has not
been established. In addition, we lack knowledge regarding SYK expression in
non-myeloid cells in glomerulonephritis. We addressed these two issues in a rat
model of nephrotoxic serum nephritis (NTN) using a SYK inhibitor, GS-492429.
Disease was induced in Sprague-Dawley rats (Study 1) or Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats
(Study 2) by immunization with sheep IgG and administration of sheep anti-rat
nephrotoxic serum. Animals were untreated or received GS-492429 (30 mg/kg/bid)
or vehicle treatment from 2 h before nephrotoxic serum injection until being
killed 3 or 24 h later (Study 1) or 14 days later (Study 2). Two-colour confocal
microscopy found that SYK expression in NTN kidney was restricted to myeloid
cells and platelets, with no evidence of SYK expression by T cells, mesangial
cells, podocytes or tubular epithelial cells. In Study 1, GS-492429 treatment
significantly reduced glomerular neutrophil and macrophage infiltration, with
protection from glomerular thrombosis and proteinuria. In Study 2, GS-492429
treatment reduced glomerular crescent formation by 70% on day 14 NTN in
conjunction with reduced glomerular thrombosis, glomerulosclerosis and tubular
damage. This was accompanied by a marked reduction in markers of inflammation
(CCL2, TNF-α, NOS2, MMP-12). Importantly, the protective effects of GS-492429
were independent of T cell infiltration and activation and independent of
JAK/STAT3 signalling. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that a SYK
inhibitor can suppress the development of crescentic glomerulonephritis through
effects upon myeloid cells and platelets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjie Han
- 1 Department of Nephrology, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,2 Monash University Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Frank Y Ma
- 1 Department of Nephrology, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,2 Monash University Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | | | - David J Nikolic-Paterson
- 1 Department of Nephrology, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,2 Monash University Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, VIC, Australia
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17
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Nakajima R, Miyagaki T, Morimura S, Fukasawa T, Oka T, Yoshizaki A, Sugaya M, Sato S. Exacerbated Immune Complex-Mediated Vascular Injury in Mice with Heterozygous Deficiency of Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor through Upregulation of Fcγ Receptor III Expression on Macrophages. J Invest Dermatol 2018; 138:2195-2204. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2018.03.1520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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18
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19
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Intracellular metabolite β-glucosylceramide is an endogenous Mincle ligand possessing immunostimulatory activity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E3285-E3294. [PMID: 28373578 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1618133114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensing and reacting to tissue damage is a fundamental function of immune systems. Macrophage inducible C-type lectin (Mincle) is an activating C-type lectin receptor that senses damaged cells. Notably, Mincle also recognizes glycolipid ligands on pathogens. To elucidate endogenous glycolipids ligands derived from damaged cells, we fractionated supernatants from damaged cells and identified a lipophilic component that activates reporter cells expressing Mincle. Mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy identified the component structure as β-glucosylceramide (GlcCer), which is a ubiquitous intracellular metabolite. Synthetic β-GlcCer activated myeloid cells and induced production of inflammatory cytokines; this production was abrogated in Mincle-deficient cells. Sterile inflammation induced by excessive cell death in the thymus was exacerbated by hematopoietic-specific deletion of degrading enzyme of β-GlcCer (β-glucosylceramidase, GBA1). However, this enhanced inflammation was ameliorated in a Mincle-deficient background. GBA1-deficient dendritic cells (DCs) in which β-GlcCer accumulates triggered antigen-specific T-cell responses more efficiently than WT DCs, whereas these responses were compromised in DCs from GBA1 × Mincle double-deficient mice. These results suggest that β-GlcCer is an endogenous ligand for Mincle and possesses immunostimulatory activity.
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20
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Pertussis toxin targets the innate immunity through DAP12, FcRγ, and MyD88 adaptor proteins. Immunobiology 2017; 222:664-671. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2016.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Revised: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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21
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Deguine J, Wei J, Barbalat R, Gronert K, Barton GM. Local TNFR1 Signaling Licenses Murine Neutrophils for Increased TLR-Dependent Cytokine and Eicosanoid Production. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 198:2865-2875. [PMID: 28219890 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophils are generally the first immune cells recruited during the development of sterile or microbial inflammation. As these cells express many innate immune receptors with the potential to directly recognize microbial or endogenous signals, we set out to assess whether their functions are locally influenced by the signals present at the onset of inflammation. Using a mouse model of peritonitis, we demonstrate that neutrophils elicited in the presence of C-type lectin receptor ligands have an increased ability to produce cytokines, chemokines, and lipid mediators in response to subsequent TLR stimulation. Importantly, we found that licensing of cytokine production was mediated by paracrine TNF-α-TNFR1 signaling rather than direct ligand sensing, suggesting a form of quorum sensing among neutrophils. Mechanistically, licensing was largely imparted by changes in the posttranscriptional regulation of inflammatory cytokines, whereas production of IL-10 was regulated at the transcriptional level. Altogether, our data suggest that neutrophils rapidly adapt their functions to the local inflammatory milieu. These phenotypic changes may promote rapid neutrophil recruitment in the presence of pathogens but limit inflammation in their absence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacques Deguine
- Division of Immunology and Pathogenesis, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720; and
| | - Jessica Wei
- Vision Science Program, School of Optometry, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94598
| | - Roman Barbalat
- Division of Immunology and Pathogenesis, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720; and
| | - Karsten Gronert
- Vision Science Program, School of Optometry, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94598
| | - Gregory M Barton
- Division of Immunology and Pathogenesis, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720; and
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22
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Toyonaga K, Torigoe S, Motomura Y, Kamichi T, Hayashi JM, Morita YS, Noguchi N, Chuma Y, Kiyohara H, Matsuo K, Tanaka H, Nakagawa Y, Sakuma T, Ohmuraya M, Yamamoto T, Umemura M, Matsuzaki G, Yoshikai Y, Yano I, Miyamoto T, Yamasaki S. C-Type Lectin Receptor DCAR Recognizes Mycobacterial Phosphatidyl-Inositol Mannosides to Promote a Th1 Response during Infection. Immunity 2016; 45:1245-1257. [PMID: 27887882 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2016.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2016] [Revised: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Phosphatidyl-inositol mannosides (PIM) are glycolipids unique to mycobacteria and other related bacteria that stimulate host immune responses and are implicated in mycobacteria pathogenicity. Here, we found that the FcRγ-coupled C-type lectin receptor DCAR (dendritic cell immunoactivating receptor; gene symbol Clec4b1) is a direct receptor for PIM. Mycobacteria activated reporter cells expressing DCAR, and delipidation of mycobacteria abolished this activity. Acylated PIMs purified from mycobacteria were identified as ligands for DCAR. DCAR was predominantly expressed in small peritoneal macrophages and monocyte-derived inflammatory cells in lungs and spleen. These cells produced monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) upon PIM treatment, and absence of DCAR or FcRγ abrogated MCP-1 production. Upon mycobacterial infection, Clec4b1-deficient mice showed reduced numbers of monocyte-derived inflammatory cells at the infection site, impaired IFNγ production by T cells, and an increased bacterial load. Thus, DCAR is a critical receptor for PIM that functions to promote T cell responses against mycobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Toyonaga
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Shota Torigoe
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yoshitomo Motomura
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Takane Kamichi
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Jennifer M Hayashi
- Department of Microbiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Yasu S Morita
- Department of Microbiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Naoto Noguchi
- Division of Host Defense, Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Hiroshi Tanaka
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Nakagawa
- Center for Animal Resources and Development, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
| | - Tetsushi Sakuma
- Department of Mathematical and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Masaki Ohmuraya
- Center for Animal Resources and Development, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
| | - Takashi Yamamoto
- Department of Mathematical and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Masayuki Umemura
- Molecular Microbiology Group, Department of Infectious Diseases, Tropical Biosphere Research Center, and Department of Host Defense, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan
| | - Goro Matsuzaki
- Molecular Microbiology Group, Department of Infectious Diseases, Tropical Biosphere Research Center, and Department of Host Defense, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan
| | - Yasunobu Yoshikai
- Division of Host Defense, Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Ikuya Yano
- Japan BCG Laboratory, Kiyose 204-0022, Japan
| | - Tomofumi Miyamoto
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Sho Yamasaki
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; Division of Molecular Immunology, Medical Mycology Research Center, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8673, Japan.
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Kang JH, Baik HW, Yoo SM, Kim JH, Cheong HI, Park CG, Kang HG, Ha IS. Aliskiren Regulates Neonatal Fc Receptor and IgG Metabolism with Attenuation of Anti-GBM Glomerulonephritis in Mice. Nephron Clin Pract 2016; 134:272-282. [DOI: 10.1159/000448789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Abstract
Lupus nephritis is a major complication of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and is associated with a high rate of morbidity and mortality. While many different immunologic and nonimmunologic factors contribute to disease expression in lupus nephritis, a large body of evidence suggests that the production of anti-DNA antibodies and the formation of glomerular immune deposits are important initial events in the pathogenesis of the disease. This review will summarize our current understanding of the differences between pathogenic and nonpathogenic autoantibodies, the mechanisms by which these autoantibodies induce renal injury and the effector mechanisms which are subsequently activated by the deposited autoantibodies that ultimately lead to the expression of the different lupus lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Waldman
- Department of Medicine, Renal Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104, USA
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25
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Kamijo S, Nunomura S, Ra C, Kanaguchi Y, Suzuki Y, Ogawa H, Okumura K, Takai T. Innate basophil IL-4 responses against allergens, endotoxin, and cytokines require the Fc receptor γ-chain. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2016; 137:1613-1615.e2. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2015.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Revised: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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26
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van Beek L, Vroegrijk IOCM, Katiraei S, Heemskerk MM, van Dam AD, Kooijman S, Rensen PCN, Koning F, Verbeek JS, Willems van Dijk K, van Harmelen V. FcRγ-chain deficiency reduces the development of diet-induced obesity. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2015; 23:2435-44. [PMID: 26523352 DOI: 10.1002/oby.21309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Revised: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Pathogenic immunoglobulins are produced during the development of obesity and contribute to the development of insulin resistance (IR). However, the mechanisms by which these antibodies affect IR are largely unknown. This study investigated whether Fc-receptors contribute to the development of diet-induced obesity and IR by studying FcRγ(-/-) mice that lack the γ-subunit necessary for signaling and cell surface expression of FcγR and FcεRI. METHODS FcRγ(-/-) and wild-type (WT) mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) to induce obesity. At 4 and 11 weeks, body weight and insulin sensitivity were measured, and adipose tissue (AT) inflammation was determined. Furthermore, intestinal triglyceride (TG) uptake and plasma TG clearance were determined, and gut microbiota composition was analyzed. RESULTS FcRγ(-/-) mice gained less weight after 11 weeks of HFD. They had reduced adiposity, adipose tissue inflammation, and IR. Interestingly, FcRγ(-/-) mice had higher lean mass compared to WT mice, which was associated with increased energy expenditure. Intestinal TG absorption was increased whereas plasma TG clearance was not affected in FcRγ(-/-) mice. Gut microbial composition differed significantly and might therefore have added to the observed phenotype. CONCLUSIONS FcRγ-chain deficiency reduces the development of diet-induced obesity, as well as associated AT inflammation and IR at 11 weeks of HFD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianne van Beek
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Irene O C M Vroegrijk
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Department of Medicine, Division Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Saeed Katiraei
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Mattijs M Heemskerk
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Andrea D van Dam
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Department of Medicine, Division Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Sander Kooijman
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Department of Medicine, Division Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Patrick C N Rensen
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Department of Medicine, Division Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Frits Koning
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - J Sjef Verbeek
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Ko Willems van Dijk
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Department of Medicine, Division Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Vanessa van Harmelen
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
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27
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Ryan J, Ma FY, Han Y, Ozols E, Kanellis J, Tesch GH, Nikolic-Paterson DJ. Myeloid cell-mediated renal injury in rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis depends upon spleen tyrosine kinase. J Pathol 2015; 238:10-20. [PMID: 26251216 DOI: 10.1002/path.4598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Revised: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 08/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Antibody-dependent activation of myeloid cells within the glomerulus plays a central role in rapidly progressive forms of glomerulonephritis. The spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) is expressed by all leukocytes, except mature T cells, and is required for signalling via the B-cell receptor, Fc receptors, and some integrins. Syk has been proposed as a therapeutic target in glomerulonephritis. However, little is known of Syk activation in human kidney disease, while studies in experimental glomerulonephritis using non-selective Syk inhibitors require validation via conditional gene deletion. The current study addressed both of these important points. Syk activation (Tyr(525/526) phosphorylation) was examined in a cohort of 96 patients with different glomerulonephritides. Syk activation was evident in infiltrating leukocytes, mainly neutrophils and macrophages, in 36/40 cases of rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis. In contrast, non-proliferative diseases showed little or no Syk activation. Glomerular and interstitial cells exhibiting Syk activation correlated with renal function and systemic inflammation. Next, we examined mice with conditional Syk gene deletion in myeloid cells (Syk(My) ) versus Syk(f/f) littermate controls in nephrotoxic serum nephritis - a model of rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis. Control Syk(f/f) mice featured a transient neutrophil influx at 3 h and severe disease on day 9 of nephrotoxic serum nephritis, with crescent formation, macrophage infiltration, inflammation, kidney fibrosis, and renal dysfunction. In contrast, Syk(My) mice had significantly reduced neutrophil and macrophage infiltration despite equivalent glomerular deposition of humoral reactants. Syk(My) mice exhibited reduced crescent formation, inflammation, and fibrosis, with improved renal function on day 9 of nephrotoxic serum nephritis. In conclusion, Syk activation is prominent in infiltrating myeloid cells in human rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis, and functional studies demonstrate that Syk deletion in myeloid cells is protective in mouse nephrotoxic serum nephritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Ryan
- Department of Nephrology, Monash Medical Centre, Monash Health, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Monash University Department of Medicine, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Frank Y Ma
- Department of Nephrology, Monash Medical Centre, Monash Health, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Monash University Department of Medicine, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Yingjie Han
- Department of Nephrology, Monash Medical Centre, Monash Health, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Monash University Department of Medicine, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Elyce Ozols
- Department of Nephrology, Monash Medical Centre, Monash Health, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Monash University Department of Medicine, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - John Kanellis
- Department of Nephrology, Monash Medical Centre, Monash Health, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Monash University Department of Medicine, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Greg H Tesch
- Department of Nephrology, Monash Medical Centre, Monash Health, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Monash University Department of Medicine, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - David J Nikolic-Paterson
- Department of Nephrology, Monash Medical Centre, Monash Health, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Monash University Department of Medicine, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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28
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Evidence for TLR4 and FcRγ-CARD9 activation by cholera toxin B subunit and its direct bindings to TREM2 and LMIR5 receptors. Mol Immunol 2015; 66:463-71. [PMID: 26021803 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2015.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2015] [Revised: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Cholera toxin (CTX) is a virulent factor of Vibrio cholerae that causes life-threatening diarrheal disease. Its non-toxic subunit CTB has been extensively studied for vaccine delivery. In immune cells, CTB induces a number of signaling molecules related to cellular activation and cytokine production. The mechanisms by which CTB exerts its immunological effects are not understood. We report here the immunological targets of CTB. The unexpected finding that GM1 ganglioside inhibited NF-κB activation in human monocytes stimulated with CTX and agonists of Toll-like receptors (TLR) suggests the possibility of CTX-TLR interaction. Indeed, CTX-induced IL-6 production was substantially reduced in MyD88(-/-) or TLR4(-/-) macrophages. Ectopic expression of TLR4 was required for CTX-induced NF-κB activation in HEK 293 cells. Furthermore, the inflammatory capacity of CTB was lost in the absence of TLR4, adaptor protein FcRγ, or its downstream signaling molecule CARD9. Attempts have been made to identify CTB-binding targets from various C-type lectin and immunoglobulin-like receptors. CTB targeted not only GM1 and TLR4 but also TREM2 and LMIR5/CD300b. CTB-TREM2 interaction initiated signal transduction through adaptor protein DAP12. The binding of CTB inhibited LMIR5 activation induced by its endogenous ligand 3-O-sulfo-β-d-galactosylceramide C24:1. In summary, CTB targets TLR4, FcRγ-CARD9, TREM2, and LMIR5. These findings provide new insights into the immunobiology of cholera toxin.
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29
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Suurmond J, Diamond B. Autoantibodies in systemic autoimmune diseases: specificity and pathogenicity. J Clin Invest 2015; 125:2194-202. [PMID: 25938780 DOI: 10.1172/jci78084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In this Review we focus on the initiation of autoantibody production and autoantibody pathogenicity, with a special emphasis on the targeted antigens. Release of intracellular antigens due to excessive cell death or to ineffective clearance of apoptotic debris, modification of self-antigens during inflammatory responses, and molecular mimicry contribute to the initiation of autoantibody production. We hypothesize that those autoreactive B cells that survive and produce pathogenic autoantibodies have specificity for self-antigens that are TLR ligands. Such B cells experience both B cell receptor (BCR) activation and TLR engagement, leading to an escape from tolerance. Moreover, the autoantibodies they produce form immune complexes that can activate myeloid cells and thereby establish the proinflammatory milieu that further negates tolerance mechanisms of both B and T cells.
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30
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Miyake Y, Oh-hora M, Yamasaki S. C-Type Lectin Receptor MCL Facilitates Mincle Expression and Signaling through Complex Formation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 194:5366-74. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1402429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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31
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Toll-like receptors recognize distinct proteinase-resistant glycoconjugates in Campylobacter jejuni and Escherichia coli. Mol Immunol 2015; 64:195-203. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2014.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Revised: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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32
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Nunomura S, Ohtsubo-Yoshioka M, Okayama Y, Terui T, Ra C. FcRγpromotes contact hypersensitivity to oxazolone without affecting the contact sensitisation process in B6 mice. Exp Dermatol 2015; 24:204-8. [DOI: 10.1111/exd.12622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Nunomura
- Department of Dermatology; Nihon University School of Medicine; Tokyo Japan
- Allergy and Immunology Group; Research Institute of Medical Science; Nihon University School of Medicine; Tokyo Japan
| | | | - Yoshimichi Okayama
- Allergy and Immunology Group; Research Institute of Medical Science; Nihon University School of Medicine; Tokyo Japan
| | - Tadashi Terui
- Department of Dermatology; Nihon University School of Medicine; Tokyo Japan
| | - Chisei Ra
- Allergy and Immunology Group; Research Institute of Medical Science; Nihon University School of Medicine; Tokyo Japan
- Asahi Hospital; Chiba Japan
- Department of Microbiology; Nihon University School of Medicine; Tokyo Japan
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33
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Phongsisay V, Iizasa E, Hara H, Yamasaki S. 3-O-sulfo-β-d-galactose moiety of endogenous sulfoglycolipids is a potential ligand for immunoglobulin-like receptor LMIR5. Mol Immunol 2015; 63:595-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2014.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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34
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Mast cells in renal inflammation and fibrosis: Lessons learnt from animal studies. Mol Immunol 2015; 63:86-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2014.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2013] [Revised: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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35
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Chin YP, Hung CY, Yang CY, Wang CY, Lin YL. Immune modulation effects of soya bean fermentation food evaluated by an animal model. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/09540105.2014.968766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
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36
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Schulze FS, Beckmann T, Nimmerjahn F, Ishiko A, Collin M, Köhl J, Goletz S, Zillikens D, Ludwig R, Schmidt E. Fcγ receptors III and IV mediate tissue destruction in a novel adult mouse model of bullous pemphigoid. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2014; 184:2185-96. [PMID: 25043618 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2014.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Revised: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Bullous pemphigoid (BP) and epidermolysis bullosa acquisita are subepidermal autoimmune blistering diseases mediated by autoantibodies against type XVII collagen (Col17) and Col7, respectively. For blister formation, Fc-mediated events, such as infiltration of inflammatory cells in the skin, complement activation, and release of proteases at the dermal-epidermal junction, are essential. Although in the neonatal passive transfer mouse model of BP, tissue destruction is mediated by Fcγ receptors (FcγRs) I and III, the passive transfer model of epidermolysis bullosa acquisita completely depends on FcγRIV. To clarify this discrepancy, we developed a novel experimental model for BP using adult mice. Lesion formation was Fc mediated because γ-chain-deficient mice and mice treated with anti-Col17 IgG, depleted from its sugar moiety at the Fc portion, were resistant to disease induction. By the use of various FcγR-deficient mouse strains, tissue destruction was shown to be mediated by FcγRIV, FcγRIII, and FcγRIIB, whereas FcγRI was not essential. Furthermore, anti-inflammatory mediators in already clinically diseased mice can be explored in the novel BP model, because the pharmacological inhibition of FcγRIV and depletion of granulocytes abolished skin blisters. Herein, we extended our knowledge about the importance of FcγRs in experimental BP and established a novel BP mouse model suitable to study disease development over a longer time period and explore novel treatment strategies in a quasi-therapeutic setting.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tina Beckmann
- Department of Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Falk Nimmerjahn
- Department of Biology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Akira Ishiko
- Department of Dermatology, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mattias Collin
- Division of Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jörg Köhl
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Stephanie Goletz
- Department of Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Detlef Zillikens
- Department of Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Ralf Ludwig
- Department of Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Enno Schmidt
- Department of Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.
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37
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Dejima T, Shibata K, Yamada H, Takeuchi A, Hara H, Eto M, Naito S, Yoshikai Y. A C-type lectin receptor pathway is responsible for the pathogenesis of acute cyclophosphamide-induced cystitis in mice. Microbiol Immunol 2014; 57:833-41. [PMID: 24102807 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.12100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2013] [Revised: 09/11/2013] [Accepted: 09/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Hemorrhagic cystitis often arises after cyclophosphamide (CYP) administration. As yet, however, the mechanism involved in its pathogenesis is unknown. In this study, it was found that the Fc receptor γ chain (FcRγ)- caspase recruitment domain-containing protein 9 (CARD9)-dependent pathway rather than the myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MyD88)-dependent pathway is involved in the pathogenesis of acute CYP-induced cystitis in mice. Rapid and transient production of interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1β was detected in the bladder at 4 hr, preceding IL-23 and IL-17A production and an influx of neutrophils, which reached a peak at 24 hr after injection. As assessed by weight, edema and neutrophil infiltration, cystitis was significantly attenuated in CARD9 knockout (KO) and FcRγKO mice, this attenuation being accompanied by impaired production of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-23 and IL-17A. The major source of IL-17A is the vesical γδ T cell population: IL-17AKO, CδKO and Tyk2KO mice showed little IL-17A production and reduced neutrophil infiltration in the bladder after CYP injection. These results suggest that FcRγ-CARD9-dependent production of proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-23 and the subsequent activation of IL-17A-producing γδ T cells are at least partly involved in the pathogenesis of acute CYP-induced cystitis in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Dejima
- Division of Host Defense, Medical Institute of Bioregulation; Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka
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38
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Behnen M, Leschczyk C, Möller S, Batel T, Klinger M, Solbach W, Laskay T. Immobilized immune complexes induce neutrophil extracellular trap release by human neutrophil granulocytes via FcγRIIIB and Mac-1. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 193:1954-65. [PMID: 25024378 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1400478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Canonical neutrophil antimicrobial effector mechanisms, such as degranulation, production of reactive oxygen species, and release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), can result in severe pathology. Activation of neutrophils through immune complexes (ICs) plays a central role in the pathogenesis of many autoimmune inflammatory diseases. In this study, we report that immobilized ICs (iICs), which are hallmarks of several autoimmune diseases, induce the release of NETs from primary human neutrophils. The iIC-induced NET formation was found to require production of reactive oxygen species by NADPH oxidase and myeloperoxidase and to be mediated by FcγRIIIb. Blocking of the β2 integrin macrophage-1 Ag but not lymphocyte function-associated Ag-1 abolished iIC-induced NET formation. This suggests that FcγRIIIb signals in association with macrophage-1 Ag. As intracellular signaling pathways involved in iIC-induced NET formation we identified the tyrosine kinase Src/Syk pathway, which downstream regulates the PI3K/Akt, p38 MAPK, and ERK1/2 pathways. To our knowledge, the present study shows for the first time that iICs induce NET formation. Thus, we conclude that NETs contribute to pathology in autoimmune inflammatory disorders associated with surface-bound ICs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Behnen
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Lübeck, D-23538 Lübeck, Germany; and
| | - Christoph Leschczyk
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Lübeck, D-23538 Lübeck, Germany; and
| | - Sonja Möller
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Lübeck, D-23538 Lübeck, Germany; and
| | - Tobit Batel
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Lübeck, D-23538 Lübeck, Germany; and
| | - Matthias Klinger
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Lübeck, D-23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Werner Solbach
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Lübeck, D-23538 Lübeck, Germany; and
| | - Tamás Laskay
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Lübeck, D-23538 Lübeck, Germany; and
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39
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LMIR5 extracellular domain activates myeloid cells through toll-like receptor 4. Mol Immunol 2014; 62:169-77. [PMID: 25004110 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2014.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Revised: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
LMIR5/CD300b is an activating immunoglobulin-like receptor whose extracellular domain (LMIR5-Fc) is constitutively released from immune cells. The release of LMIR5-Fc is augmented upon stimulation with TLR agonists. LMIR5-Fc is reported to possess inflammatory activity and amplify LPS-induced lethal inflammation; however, its action mechanism has not been clarified. This study was aimed to identify receptors for LMIR5-Fc. Using NF-κB reporter cells in human monocytes THP1, LMIR5-Fc was solely found to trigger NF-κB activation among various signaling receptors examined. In addition, an injection of LMIR5-Fc into the mouse peritoneal resulted in a rapid production of inflammatory mediators and an amplification of LPS activity. Moreover, LMIR5-Fc-induced cytokine production was markedly reduced in TLR4-deficient mouse macrophages. Using TLR4 reporter cells, the LMIR5-Fc sample that contained a trace amount of endotoxin under the sensitivity of reporter cells triggered a potent NF-κB activation. Furthermore, the inflammatory activity of LMIR5-Fc was completely lost by heating but unchanged by polymyxin B pretreatment. Using TLR4 fusion protein, TLR4 was found to interact specifically with LMIR5-overexpressing cells. Therefore, LMIR5-Fc is new inflammatory mediator and endogenous ligand of TLR4. This study provides an insight into the positive feedback mechanism of inflammation through TLR4-LMIR5-Fc axis.
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40
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Update on crescentic glomerulonephritis. Semin Immunopathol 2014; 36:479-90. [PMID: 24948005 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-014-0435-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The recent years have seen a number of major progresses in the field of extracapillary glomerulonephritis. This entity is the final damage caused by unrelated immunological disorders such as immune complexes glomerular deposits or microvascular injury caused by proinflammatory cytokines, neutrophil extracellular traps (NET), and cell adhesion molecules in the context of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV). This review provides a summary of recent advances in the understanding of crescentic glomerulonephritis, focusing on interplays of local immune cells and on local mediators participating to crescent formation especially in anti-glomerular basement membrane (anti-GBM) antibody disease. The recent advances about AAV and lupus nephritis are covered by other chapters of this issue. Nevertheless, these considerations may apply to the general case of crescentic glomerulonephritis of all causes.
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41
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Quakkelaar ED, Fransen MF, van Maren WWC, Vaneman J, Loof NM, van Heiningen SH, Verbeek JS, Ossendorp F, Melief CJM. IgG-mediated anaphylaxis to a synthetic long peptide vaccine containing a B cell epitope can be avoided by slow-release formulation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 192:5813-20. [PMID: 24813207 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1302337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic long peptides (SLP) are a promising vaccine modality to induce therapeutic T cell responses in patients with chronic infections and tumors. We studied different vaccine formulations in mice using SLP derived from carcinoembryonic Ag. We discovered that one of the SLP contains a linear Ab epitope in combination with a CD4 epitope. Repeated vaccination with this carcinoembryonic Ag SLP in mice shows improved T cell responses and simultaneously induced high titers of peptide-specific Abs. These Abs resulted in unexpected anaphylaxis after a third or subsequent vaccinations with the SLP when formulated in saline. Administration of low SLP doses in the slow-release vehicle IFA prevented the anaphylaxis after repeated vaccination. This study underscores both the immunogenicity of SLP vaccination, for inducing T cell as well as B cell responses, and the necessity of safe administration routes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther D Quakkelaar
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marieke F Fransen
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Wendy W C van Maren
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Joost Vaneman
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Nikki M Loof
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Sandra H van Heiningen
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; and
| | - J Sjef Verbeek
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; and
| | - Ferry Ossendorp
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelis J M Melief
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; ISA Pharmaceuticals, 2333 CH Leiden, The Netherlands
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42
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An ITAM-Syk-CARD9 signalling axis triggers contact hypersensitivity by stimulating IL-1 production in dendritic cells. Nat Commun 2014; 5:3755. [DOI: 10.1038/ncomms4755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Accepted: 03/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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Ishikawa T, Itoh F, Yoshida S, Saijo S, Matsuzawa T, Gonoi T, Saito T, Okawa Y, Shibata N, Miyamoto T, Yamasaki S. Identification of distinct ligands for the C-type lectin receptors Mincle and Dectin-2 in the pathogenic fungus Malassezia. Cell Host Microbe 2014; 13:477-88. [PMID: 23601109 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2013.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2012] [Revised: 01/17/2013] [Accepted: 03/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Various C-type lectin receptors (CLRs), including Mincle and Dectin-2, function as pattern recognition receptors and play a central role in immunity to fungal pathogens. However, the precise structures of the CLR ligands in various pathogenic fungi have yet to be completely defined. Here we report that Malassezia, an opportunistic skin fungal pathogen, is cooperatively recognized by Mincle and Dectin-2 through distinct ligands. Solvent-based fractionation revealed that Mincle and Dectin-2 recognize lipophilic and hydrophilic components of Malassezia, respectively. Mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) revealed glyceroglycolipid and unique mannosyl fatty acids linked to mannitol as two Mincle ligands. An O-linked mannobiose-rich glycoprotein was identified as a Malassezia ligand for Dectin-2. Cytokine production in response to the Mincle ligands and the Dectin-2 ligand was abrogated in Mincle(-/-) and Dectin-2(-/-) dendritic cells, respectively. These results demonstrate that Mincle and Dectin-2 recognize distinct ligands in Malassezia to induce host immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuaki Ishikawa
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
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Ito K, Furukawa JI, Yamada K, Tran NL, Shinohara Y, Izui S. Lack of galactosylation enhances the pathogenic activity of IgG1 but Not IgG2a anti-erythrocyte autoantibodies. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 192:581-8. [PMID: 24337750 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1302488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
IgG bears asparagine-linked oligosaccharide side chains in the Fc region. Variations in their extent of galactosylation and sialylation could modulate IgG Fc-dependent effector functions, and hence Ab activity. However, it has not yet been clarified whether the pathogenic potential of IgG autoantibodies is consistently enhanced by the absence of galactose residues per se or the lack of terminal sialylation, which is dependent on galactosylation. Moreover, it remains to be defined whether the increased pathogenicity of agalactosylated IgG is related to activation of the complement pathway by mannose-binding lectin, as suggested by in vitro studies. Using a murine model of autoimmune hemolytic anemia, we defined the contribution of galactosylation or sialylation to the pathogenic activity of IgG1 and IgG2a anti-erythrocyte class-switch variants of 34-3C monoclonal autoantibody. We generated their degalactosylated or highly sialylated glycovariants and compared their pathogenic effects with those of highly galactosylated or desialylated counterparts. Our results demonstrated that lack of galactosylation, but not sialylation, enhanced the pathogenic activity of 34-3C IgG1, but not IgG2a autoantibodies. Moreover, analysis of in vivo complement activation and of the pathogenic activity in mice deficient in C3 or IgG FcRs excluded the implication of mannose-binding lectin-mediated complement activation in the enhanced pathogenic effect of agalactosylated IgG1 anti-erythrocyte autoantibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyoaki Ito
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
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Nys J, Smulski CR, Tardivel A, Willen L, Kowalczyk C, Donzé O, Huard B, Hess H, Schneider P. No evidence that soluble TACI induces signalling via membrane-expressed BAFF and APRIL in myeloid cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e61350. [PMID: 23620746 PMCID: PMC3631189 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0061350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2012] [Accepted: 03/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloid cells express the TNF family ligands BAFF/BLyS and APRIL, which exert their effects on B cells at different stages of differentiation via the receptors BAFFR, TACI (Transmembrane Activator and CAML-Interactor) and/or BCMA (B Cell Maturation Antigen). BAFF and APRIL are proteins expressed at the cell membrane, with both extracellular and intracellular domains. Therefore, receptor/ligand engagement may also result in signals in ligand-expressing cells via so-called “reverse signalling”. In order to understand how TACI-Fc (atacicept) technically may mediate immune stimulation instead of suppression, we investigated its potential to activate reverse signalling through BAFF and APRIL. BAFFR-Fc and TACI-Fc, but not Fn14-Fc, reproducibly stimulated the ERK and other signalling pathways in bone marrow-derived mouse macrophages. However, these effects were independent of BAFF or APRIL since the same activation profile was observed with BAFF- or APRIL-deficient cells. Instead, cell activation correlated with the presence of high molecular mass forms of BAFFR-Fc and TACI-Fc and was strongly impaired in macrophages deficient for Fc receptor gamma chain. Moreover, a TACI-Fc defective for Fc receptor binding elicited no detectable signal. Although these results do not formally rule out the existence of BAFF or APRIL reverse signalling (via pathways not tested in this study), they provide no evidence in support of reverse signalling and point to the importance of using appropriate specificity controls when working with Fc receptor-expressing myeloid cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josquin Nys
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | | | - Aubry Tardivel
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Laure Willen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Bertrand Huard
- Department of Patho-Immunology, Medical University Centre, Geneva, Switzerland
- Division of Hematology, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Pascal Schneider
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
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Miyake Y, Toyonaga K, Mori D, Kakuta S, Hoshino Y, Oyamada A, Yamada H, Ono KI, Suyama M, Iwakura Y, Yoshikai Y, Yamasaki S. C-type lectin MCL is an FcRγ-coupled receptor that mediates the adjuvanticity of mycobacterial cord factor. Immunity 2013; 38:1050-62. [PMID: 23602766 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2013.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2012] [Accepted: 03/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Cord factor, also called trehalose-6,6'-dimycolate (TDM), is a potent mycobacterial adjuvant. We herein report that the C-type lectin MCL (also called Clec4d) is a TDM receptor that is likely to arise from gene duplication of Mincle (also called Clec4e). Mincle is known to be an inducible receptor recognizing TDM, whereas MCL was constitutively expressed in myeloid cells. To examine the contribution of MCL in response to TDM adjuvant, we generated MCL-deficient mice. TDM promoted innate immune responses, such as granuloma formation, which was severely impaired in MCL-deficient mice. TDM-induced acquired immune responses, such as experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), was almost completely dependent on MCL, but not Mincle. Furthermore, by generating Clec4e(gfp) reporter mice, we found that MCL was also crucial for driving Mincle induction upon TDM stimulation. These results suggest that MCL is an FcRγ-coupled activating receptor that mediates the adjuvanticity of TDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasunobu Miyake
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
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47
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Karsten CM, Köhl J. The immunoglobulin, IgG Fc receptor and complement triangle in autoimmune diseases. Immunobiology 2013; 217:1067-79. [PMID: 22964232 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2012.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2012] [Revised: 07/18/2012] [Accepted: 07/18/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Immunoglobulin G (IgG)-mediated activation of complement and IgG Fc receptors (FcγRs) are important defense mechanisms of the innate immune system to ward off infections. However, the same mechanisms can drive severe and harmful inflammation, when IgG antibodies react with self-antigens in solution or tissues, as described for several autoimmune diseases including systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, and immune vasculitis. More specifically, IgG immune complexes (ICs) can activate all three pathways of the complement system resulting in the generation of C3 and C5 cleavage products that can activate a panel of different complement receptors on innate and adaptive immune cells. Importantly, complement and FcγRs are often co-expressed on inflammatory immune cells such as neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages or dendritic cells and act in concert to mediate the inflammatory response in autoimmune diseases. In this context, the cross-talk between the receptor for the anaphylatoxin C5a, i.e. C5ar1 (CD88) and FcγRs is of major importance. Recent data suggest a model of bidirectional regulation, in which CD88 acts upstream of FcγRs and sets the threshold for FcγR-dependent effector responses by regulating the ratio between activating and inhibitory FcγRs. Vice versa, FcγR ligation can either amplify or block C5aR-mediated effector functions, depending on whether IgG IC aggregate activating or inhibitory FcγRs. Further, complement and FcγRs cooperate on B cells and on follicular dendritic cells to regulate the development of autoreactive B cells, their differentiation into plasma cells and, eventually, the production of autoantibodies. Here, we will give an update on recent findings regarding this complex regulatory network between complement and FcγRs, which may also regulate the inflammatory response in allergy, cancer and infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian M Karsten
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
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48
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Henault J, Martinez J, Riggs JM, Tian J, Mehta P, Clarke L, Sasai M, Latz E, Brinkmann MM, Iwasaki A, Coyle AJ, Kolbeck R, Green DR, Sanjuan MA. Noncanonical autophagy is required for type I interferon secretion in response to DNA-immune complexes. Immunity 2012; 37:986-997. [PMID: 23219390 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2012.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 270] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2012] [Accepted: 09/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Toll-like receptor-9 (TLR9) is largely responsible for discriminating self from pathogenic DNA. However, association of host DNA with autoantibodies activates TLR9, inducing the pathogenic secretion of type I interferons (IFNs) from plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs). Here, we found that in response to DNA-containing immune complexes (DNA-IC), but not to soluble ligands, IFN-α production depended upon the convergence of the phagocytic and autophagic pathways, a process called microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3 (LC3)-associated phagocytosis (LAP). LAP was required for TLR9 trafficking into a specialized interferon signaling compartment by a mechanism that involved autophagy-related proteins, but not the conventional autophagic preinitiation complex, or adaptor protein-3 (AP-3). Our findings unveil a new role for nonconventional autophagy in inflammation and provide one mechanism by which anti-DNA autoantibodies, such as those found in several autoimmune disorders, bypass the controls that normally restrict the apportionment of pathogenic DNA and TLR9 to the interferon signaling compartment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill Henault
- Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity Research Department, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | - Jennifer Martinez
- Department Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Institute, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Riggs
- Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity Research Department, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | - Jane Tian
- Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity Research Department, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | - Payal Mehta
- Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity Research Department, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | - Lorraine Clarke
- Department of Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering MedImmune, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | - Miwa Sasai
- Department of Immunology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Eicke Latz
- Institute of Innate Immunity, Biomedical Center, 1G008, University Hospitals, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Melanie M Brinkmann
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Akiko Iwasaki
- Department of Immunology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Anthony J Coyle
- Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity Research Department, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | - Roland Kolbeck
- Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity Research Department, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | - Douglas R Green
- Department Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Institute, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Miguel A Sanjuan
- Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity Research Department, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
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Kajiwara M, Ueno T, Fukuda N, Matsuda H, Shimokawa T, Kitai M, Tsunemi A, Fuke Y, Fujita T, Matsumoto K, Matsumoto Y, Ra C, Soma M. Development of pyrrole-imidazole polyamide targeting fc receptor common gamma chain for the treatment of immune-complex related renal disease. Biol Pharm Bull 2012; 35:2028-35. [PMID: 22971693 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b12-00614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Fcγ receptors I and III are thought to be involved in the development of lupus nephritis. Expression of Fc receptor common gamma chain (FcRγ) is necessary for the stable expression of Fcγ receptors I and III. The aim of this study was to develop a novel agent for the treatment of immune complex related renal disease using a gene regulator, pyrrole(Py)-imidazole(Im) (PI) polyamide, targeting the mouse FcRγ gene promoter. Two PI polyamides targeting FcRγ promoters were designed and synthesized. The effect of the PI polyamides on FcRγ mRNA expression was evaluated in J774.A cells by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and CD16/32 protein expression was determined by immunocytochemical analysis and flow cytometry. The effects of these polyamides on FcRγ gene expression and CD16/32 protein expression were evaluated in mouse peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). One milligram per kilogram body weight of PI polyamide was injected via the tail vein every 2 d for 1 week and PBMCs were collected and analyzed. PI polyamide showed a specific binding to the target DNA in a gel mobility shift assay. Treatment of J774.A cells with 1.0 µM PI polyamide 1 significantly reduced FcRγ mRNA expression and CD16/32 surface protein expression in J774.A cells. Similarly, PI polyamide significantly decreased expression of FcRγ mRNA and CD16/32 in the PBMCs of C57B6 mice. PI polyamide designed to bind the FcRγ promoter decreased FcRγ gene and CD16/32 protein expression. PI polyamide targeting the FcRγ gene may be a novel gene regulator for the prevention of lupus nephritis or other immune complex-related disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamiko Kajiwara
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Nihon University, 7–7–1 Narashinodai, Funabashi, Chiba 274–8555, Japan
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50
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Ito K, Nakashima H, Watanabe M, Ishimura A, Miyahara Y, Abe Y, Yasuno T, Ifuku M, Sasatomi Y, Saito T. Macrophage impairment produced by Fc receptor gamma deficiency plays a principal role in the development of lipoprotein glomerulopathy in concert with apoE abnormalities. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2012; 27:3899-907. [PMID: 22863838 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfs329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To obtain a clear understanding of the pathogenesis of lipoprotein glomerulopathy (LPG), we studied the role of the deficiency of Fc receptor gamma chain (FcRγ) for the development of LPG in concert with apolipoprotein E (apoE) abnormalities. METHODS We generated apoE and FcRγ double-knockout (FcRγ/apoE-KO) mice, and subsequently introduced several kinds of human recombinant apoE genes. At 21 days after infection, the mice were sacrificed and histologically examined. Peritoneal macrophages were evaluated for their response to modified lipids. RESULTS In the FcRγ/apoE-KO mice, the human apoE3-injected mice showed the most drastic LPG-like changes, as well as prominent hypertriglyceridemia. Meanwhile, relative to the human apoE3-injected mice, the FcRγ/apoE-KO mice showed greater lipoprotein deposition and less macrophage infiltration into the mesangial area. Moreover, the peritoneal macrophages in the apoE/FcRγ-KO mice were impaired in lipid uptake and secretion of the cytokines monocyte chemotactic protein-1 and regulated upon activation, normal T-cell expressed and secreted, after the uptake of oxidized low-density lipoprotein. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that the impairment of macrophage function resulting from FcRγ deficiency plays a principal role in the development of LPG in the presence of apoE abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Ito
- Department of Internal Medicine, Fukuoka University School of Medicine,Fukuoka, Japan.
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