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Billing AM, Kim YC, Gullaksen S, Schrage B, Raabe J, Hutzfeldt A, Demir F, Kovalenko E, Lassé M, Dugourd A, Fallegger R, Klampe B, Jaegers J, Li Q, Kravtsova O, Crespo-Masip M, Palermo A, Fenton RA, Hoxha E, Blankenberg S, Kirchhof P, Huber TB, Laugesen E, Zeller T, Chrysopoulou M, Saez-Rodriguez J, Magnussen C, Eschenhagen T, Staruschenko A, Siuzdak G, Poulsen PL, Schwab C, Cuello F, Vallon V, Rinschen MM. Metabolic Communication by SGLT2 Inhibition. Circulation 2024; 149:860-884. [PMID: 38152989 PMCID: PMC10922673 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.123.065517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND SGLT2 (sodium-glucose cotransporter 2) inhibitors (SGLT2i) can protect the kidneys and heart, but the underlying mechanism remains poorly understood. METHODS To gain insights on primary effects of SGLT2i that are not confounded by pathophysiologic processes or are secondary to improvement by SGLT2i, we performed an in-depth proteomics, phosphoproteomics, and metabolomics analysis by integrating signatures from multiple metabolic organs and body fluids after 1 week of SGLT2i treatment of nondiabetic as well as diabetic mice with early and uncomplicated hyperglycemia. RESULTS Kidneys of nondiabetic mice reacted most strongly to SGLT2i in terms of proteomic reconfiguration, including evidence for less early proximal tubule glucotoxicity and a broad downregulation of the apical uptake transport machinery (including sodium, glucose, urate, purine bases, and amino acids), supported by mouse and human SGLT2 interactome studies. SGLT2i affected heart and liver signaling, but more reactive organs included the white adipose tissue, showing more lipolysis, and, particularly, the gut microbiome, with a lower relative abundance of bacteria taxa capable of fermenting phenylalanine and tryptophan to cardiovascular uremic toxins, resulting in lower plasma levels of these compounds (including p-cresol sulfate). SGLT2i was detectable in murine stool samples and its addition to human stool microbiota fermentation recapitulated some murine microbiome findings, suggesting direct inhibition of fermentation of aromatic amino acids and tryptophan. In mice lacking SGLT2 and in patients with decompensated heart failure or diabetes, the SGLT2i likewise reduced circulating p-cresol sulfate, and p-cresol impaired contractility and rhythm in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived engineered heart tissue. CONCLUSIONS SGLT2i reduced microbiome formation of uremic toxins such as p-cresol sulfate and thereby their body exposure and need for renal detoxification, which, combined with direct kidney effects of SGLT2i, including less proximal tubule glucotoxicity and a broad downregulation of apical transporters (including sodium, amino acid, and urate uptake), provides a metabolic foundation for kidney and cardiovascular protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja M. Billing
- Departments of Biomedicine (A.M.B., F.D., E.K., J.J., R.A.F., M.C., M.M.R.), Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Young Chul Kim
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla (Y.C.K., M.C.-M., V.V.)
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, CA (Y.C.K., M.C.-M., V.V.)
| | - Søren Gullaksen
- Clinical Medicine (S.G., P.L.P.), Aarhus University, Denmark
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark (S.G., E.L.)
| | - Benedikt Schrage
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg, Germany (B.S., S.B., P.K., T.Z., C.M.)
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany (B.S., J.R., S.B., P.K., T.Z., C.M., T.E., F.C.)
| | - Janice Raabe
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany (B.S., J.R., S.B., P.K., T.Z., C.M., T.E., F.C.)
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (J.R., B.K., T.E., F.C.)
| | - Arvid Hutzfeldt
- III Department of Medicine and Hamburg Center for Kidney Health, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (A.H., M.L., E.H., T.B.H., M.M.R.)
| | - Fatih Demir
- Departments of Biomedicine (A.M.B., F.D., E.K., J.J., R.A.F., M.C., M.M.R.), Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Elina Kovalenko
- Departments of Biomedicine (A.M.B., F.D., E.K., J.J., R.A.F., M.C., M.M.R.), Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Moritz Lassé
- III Department of Medicine and Hamburg Center for Kidney Health, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (A.H., M.L., E.H., T.B.H., M.M.R.)
| | - Aurelien Dugourd
- Heidelberg University, Faculty of Medicine, and Heidelberg University Hospital, Institute for Computational Biomedicine, BioQuant, Heidelberg, Germany (A.D., R.F., J.S.-R.)
| | - Robin Fallegger
- Heidelberg University, Faculty of Medicine, and Heidelberg University Hospital, Institute for Computational Biomedicine, BioQuant, Heidelberg, Germany (A.D., R.F., J.S.-R.)
| | - Birgit Klampe
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (J.R., B.K., T.E., F.C.)
| | - Johannes Jaegers
- Departments of Biomedicine (A.M.B., F.D., E.K., J.J., R.A.F., M.C., M.M.R.), Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Qing Li
- Engineering (Q.L., C.S.), Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Olha Kravtsova
- Departments of Biomedicine (A.M.B., F.D., E.K., J.J., R.A.F., M.C., M.M.R.), Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Maria Crespo-Masip
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla (Y.C.K., M.C.-M., V.V.)
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, CA (Y.C.K., M.C.-M., V.V.)
| | - Amelia Palermo
- Scripps Research, Center for Metabolomics, San Diego, CA (A.P., G.S., M.M.R.)
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (A.P.)
| | - Robert A. Fenton
- Departments of Biomedicine (A.M.B., F.D., E.K., J.J., R.A.F., M.C., M.M.R.), Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Elion Hoxha
- III Department of Medicine and Hamburg Center for Kidney Health, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (A.H., M.L., E.H., T.B.H., M.M.R.)
| | - Stefan Blankenberg
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg, Germany (B.S., S.B., P.K., T.Z., C.M.)
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany (B.S., J.R., S.B., P.K., T.Z., C.M., T.E., F.C.)
| | - Paulus Kirchhof
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg, Germany (B.S., S.B., P.K., T.Z., C.M.)
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany (B.S., J.R., S.B., P.K., T.Z., C.M., T.E., F.C.)
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom (P.K.)
| | - Tobias B. Huber
- III Department of Medicine and Hamburg Center for Kidney Health, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (A.H., M.L., E.H., T.B.H., M.M.R.)
| | - Esben Laugesen
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark (S.G., E.L.)
- Diagnostic Centre, Silkeborg Regional Hospital, Denmark (E.L.)
| | - Tanja Zeller
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg, Germany (B.S., S.B., P.K., T.Z., C.M.)
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany (B.S., J.R., S.B., P.K., T.Z., C.M., T.E., F.C.)
| | - Maria Chrysopoulou
- Departments of Biomedicine (A.M.B., F.D., E.K., J.J., R.A.F., M.C., M.M.R.), Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Julio Saez-Rodriguez
- Heidelberg University, Faculty of Medicine, and Heidelberg University Hospital, Institute for Computational Biomedicine, BioQuant, Heidelberg, Germany (A.D., R.F., J.S.-R.)
| | - Christina Magnussen
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg, Germany (B.S., S.B., P.K., T.Z., C.M.)
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany (B.S., J.R., S.B., P.K., T.Z., C.M., T.E., F.C.)
| | - Thomas Eschenhagen
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany (B.S., J.R., S.B., P.K., T.Z., C.M., T.E., F.C.)
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (J.R., B.K., T.E., F.C.)
| | - Alexander Staruschenko
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida, Tampa (O.K., A.S.)
| | - Gary Siuzdak
- Scripps Research, Center for Metabolomics, San Diego, CA (A.P., G.S., M.M.R.)
| | - Per L. Poulsen
- Clinical Medicine (S.G., P.L.P.), Aarhus University, Denmark
- Steno Diabetes Center (P.L.P.), Aarhus University, Denmark
| | | | - Friederike Cuello
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany (B.S., J.R., S.B., P.K., T.Z., C.M., T.E., F.C.)
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (J.R., B.K., T.E., F.C.)
| | - Volker Vallon
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla (Y.C.K., M.C.-M., V.V.)
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, CA (Y.C.K., M.C.-M., V.V.)
| | - Markus M. Rinschen
- Departments of Biomedicine (A.M.B., F.D., E.K., J.J., R.A.F., M.C., M.M.R.), Aarhus University, Denmark
- Aarhus Institute of Advanced Studies (M.M.R.), Aarhus University, Denmark
- III Department of Medicine and Hamburg Center for Kidney Health, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (A.H., M.L., E.H., T.B.H., M.M.R.)
- Scripps Research, Center for Metabolomics, San Diego, CA (A.P., G.S., M.M.R.)
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2
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Mattiazzi A, Kranias EG. Unleashing the Power of Genetics: PLN Ablation, Phospholambanopathies and Evolving Challenges. Circ Res 2024; 134:138-142. [PMID: 38236951 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.123.323053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Mattiazzi
- Centro de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Centro Cientifico Tecnologico-La Plata CONICET (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Argentina (A.M.)
| | - Evangelia G Kranias
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, OH (E.G.K.)
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3
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Emerging Antiarrhythmic Drugs for Atrial Fibrillation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084096. [PMID: 35456912 PMCID: PMC9029767 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF), the most common cardiac arrhythmia worldwide, is driven by complex mechanisms that differ between subgroups of patients. This complexity is apparent from the different forms in which AF presents itself (post-operative, paroxysmal and persistent), each with heterogeneous patterns and variable progression. Our current understanding of the mechanisms responsible for initiation, maintenance and progression of the different forms of AF has increased significantly in recent years. Nevertheless, antiarrhythmic drugs for the management of AF have not been developed based on the underlying arrhythmia mechanisms and none of the currently used drugs were specifically developed to target AF. With the increased knowledge on the mechanisms underlying different forms of AF, new opportunities for developing more effective and safer AF therapies are emerging. In this review, we provide an overview of potential novel antiarrhythmic approaches based on the underlying mechanisms of AF, focusing both on the development of novel antiarrhythmic agents and on the possibility of repurposing already marketed drugs. In addition, we discuss the opportunity of targeting some of the key players involved in the underlying AF mechanisms, such as ryanodine receptor type-2 (RyR2) channels and atrial-selective K+-currents (IK2P and ISK) for antiarrhythmic therapy. In addition, we highlight the opportunities for targeting components of inflammatory signaling (e.g., the NLRP3-inflammasome) and upstream mechanisms targeting fibroblast function to prevent structural remodeling and progression of AF. Finally, we critically appraise emerging antiarrhythmic drug principles and future directions for antiarrhythmic drug development, as well as their potential for improving AF management.
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4
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Koch D, Alexandrovich A, Funk F, Kho AL, Schmitt JP, Gautel M. Molecular noise filtering in the β-adrenergic signaling network by phospholamban pentamers. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109448. [PMID: 34320358 PMCID: PMC8333238 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Phospholamban (PLN) is an important regulator of cardiac calcium handling due to its ability to inhibit the calcium ATPase SERCA. β-Adrenergic stimulation reverses SERCA inhibition via PLN phosphorylation and facilitates fast calcium reuptake. PLN also forms pentamers whose physiological significance has remained elusive. Using mathematical modeling combined with biochemical and cell biological experiments, we show that pentamers regulate both the dynamics and steady-state levels of monomer phosphorylation. Substrate competition by pentamers and a feed-forward loop involving inhibitor-1 can delay monomer phosphorylation by protein kinase A (PKA), whereas cooperative pentamer dephosphorylation enables bistable PLN steady-state phosphorylation. Simulations show that phosphorylation delay and bistability act as complementary filters that reduce the effect of random fluctuations in PKA activity, thereby ensuring consistent monomer phosphorylation and SERCA activity despite noisy upstream signals. Preliminary analyses suggest that the PLN mutation R14del could impair noise filtering, offering a new perspective on how this mutation causes cardiac arrhythmias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Koch
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, SE1 1UL London, UK.
| | | | - Florian Funk
- Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, and Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf (CARID), University Hospital Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ay Lin Kho
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, SE1 1UL London, UK
| | - Joachim P Schmitt
- Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, and Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf (CARID), University Hospital Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Mathias Gautel
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, SE1 1UL London, UK
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5
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Rathjens FS, Blenkle A, Iyer LM, Renger A, Syeda F, Noack C, Jungmann A, Dewenter M, Toischer K, El-Armouche A, Müller OJ, Fabritz L, Zimmermann WH, Zelarayan LC, Zafeiriou MP. Preclinical evidence for the therapeutic value of TBX5 normalization in arrhythmia control. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 117:1908-1922. [PMID: 32777030 PMCID: PMC8262635 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvaa239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death (SCD) occur commonly in patients with heart failure. We found T-box 5 (TBX5) dysregulated in ventricular myocardium from heart failure patients and thus we hypothesized that TBX5 reduction contributes to arrhythmia development in these patients. To understand the underlying mechanisms, we aimed to reveal the ventricular TBX5-dependent transcriptional network and further test the therapeutic potential of TBX5 level normalization in mice with documented arrhythmias. METHODS AND RESULTS We used a mouse model of TBX5 conditional deletion in ventricular cardiomyocytes. Ventricular (v) TBX5 loss in mice resulted in mild cardiac dysfunction and arrhythmias and was associated with a high mortality rate (60%) due to SCD. Upon angiotensin stimulation, vTbx5KO mice showed exacerbated cardiac remodelling and dysfunction suggesting a cardioprotective role of TBX5. RNA-sequencing of a ventricular-specific TBX5KO mouse and TBX5 chromatin immunoprecipitation was used to dissect TBX5 transcriptional network in cardiac ventricular tissue. Overall, we identified 47 transcripts expressed under the control of TBX5, which may have contributed to the fatal arrhythmias in vTbx5KO mice. These included transcripts encoding for proteins implicated in cardiac conduction and contraction (Gja1, Kcnj5, Kcng2, Cacna1g, Chrm2), in cytoskeleton organization (Fstl4, Pdlim4, Emilin2, Cmya5), and cardiac protection upon stress (Fhl2, Gpr22, Fgf16). Interestingly, after TBX5 loss and arrhythmia development in vTbx5KO mice, TBX5 protein-level normalization by systemic adeno-associated-virus (AAV) 9 application, re-established TBX5-dependent transcriptome. Consequently, cardiac dysfunction was ameliorated and the propensity of arrhythmia occurrence was reduced. CONCLUSIONS This study uncovers a novel cardioprotective role of TBX5 in the adult heart and provides preclinical evidence for the therapeutic value of TBX5 protein normalization in the control of arrhythmia.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Arrhythmias, Cardiac/genetics
- Arrhythmias, Cardiac/metabolism
- Arrhythmias, Cardiac/physiopathology
- Arrhythmias, Cardiac/prevention & control
- Chromatin Immunoprecipitation Sequencing
- Death, Sudden, Cardiac/etiology
- Death, Sudden, Cardiac/prevention & control
- Disease Models, Animal
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Genetic Therapy
- Heart Rate
- Heart Ventricles/metabolism
- Heart Ventricles/physiopathology
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/genetics
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/metabolism
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/physiopathology
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/therapy
- Isolated Heart Preparation
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- RNA-Seq
- T-Box Domain Proteins/genetics
- T-Box Domain Proteins/metabolism
- Transcription, Genetic
- Transcriptome
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/genetics
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/metabolism
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/physiopathology
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/therapy
- Ventricular Function, Left
- Ventricular Remodeling
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska S Rathjens
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center, Goettingen, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Disease), partner site, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Alica Blenkle
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Lavanya M Iyer
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center, Goettingen, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Disease), partner site, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Anke Renger
- Institut für Erziehungswissenschaften, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany
| | - Fahima Syeda
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Claudia Noack
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center, Goettingen, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Disease), partner site, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Jungmann
- Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Disease), partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Germany
| | - Matthias Dewenter
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Disease), partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Germany
- Department of Molecular Cardiology and Epigenetics, University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Karl Toischer
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Ali El-Armouche
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Technology-Dresden, Germany
| | - Oliver J Müller
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Larissa Fabritz
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Division of Rhythmology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hospital of the University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Wolfram-Hubertus Zimmermann
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center, Goettingen, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Disease), partner site, Goettingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence “Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells” (MBExC), University of Goettingen, Germany
| | - Laura C Zelarayan
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center, Goettingen, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Disease), partner site, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Maria-Patapia Zafeiriou
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center, Goettingen, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Disease), partner site, Goettingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence “Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells” (MBExC), University of Goettingen, Germany
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6
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Chiang DY, Alsina KM, Corradini E, Fitzpatrick M, Ni L, Lahiri SK, Reynolds JO, Pan X, Scott L, Heck AJR, Wehrens XHT. Rearrangement of the Protein Phosphatase 1 Interactome During Heart Failure Progression. Circulation 2019; 138:1569-1581. [PMID: 29669786 PMCID: PMC6193872 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.118.034361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heart failure (HF) is a complex disease with a rising prevalence despite advances in treatment. Protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) has long been implicated in HF pathogenesis, but its exact role is both unclear and controversial. Most previous studies measured only the PP1 catalytic subunit (PP1c) without investigating its diverse set of interactors, which confer localization and substrate specificity to the holoenzyme. In this study, we define the PP1 interactome in cardiac tissue and test the hypothesis that this interactome becomes rearranged during HF progression at the level of specific PP1c interactors. METHODS Mice were subjected to transverse aortic constriction and grouped on the basis of ejection fraction into sham, hypertrophy, moderate HF (ejection fraction, 30%-40%), and severe HF (ejection fraction <30%). Cardiac lysates were subjected to affinity purification with anti-PP1c antibodies followed by high-resolution mass spectrometry. PP1 regulatory subunit 7 (Ppp1r7) was knocked down in mouse cardiomyocytes and HeLa cells with adeno-associated virus serotype 9 and siRNA, respectively. Calcium imaging was performed on isolated ventricular myocytes. RESULTS Seventy-one and 98 PP1c interactors were quantified from mouse cardiac and HeLa lysates, respectively, including many novel interactors and protein complexes. This represents the largest reproducible PP1 interactome data set ever captured from any tissue, including both primary and secondary/tertiary interactors. Nine PP1c interactors with changes in their binding to PP1c were strongly associated with HF progression, including 2 known (Ppp1r7 and Ppp1r18) and 7 novel interactors. Within the entire cardiac PP1 interactome, Ppp1r7 had the highest binding to PP1c. Cardiac-specific knockdown in mice led to cardiac dysfunction and disruption of calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. CONCLUSIONS PP1 is best studied at the level of its interactome, which undergoes significant rearrangement during HF progression. The 9 key interactors that are associated with HF progression may represent potential targets in HF therapy. In particular, Ppp1r7 may play a central role in regulating the PP1 interactome by acting as a competitive molecular "sponge" of PP1c.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Y Chiang
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (D.Y.C.).,Cardiovascular Research Institute (D.Y.C., K.M.A., L.N., S.K.L., L.S., X.H.T.W.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX.,Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, The Netherlands (D.Y.C., E.C., M.F., A.J.R.H.)
| | - Katherina M Alsina
- Cardiovascular Research Institute (D.Y.C., K.M.A., L.N., S.K.L., L.S., X.H.T.W.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX.,Integrative Molecular and Biomedical Sciences (K.M.A.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Eleonora Corradini
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, The Netherlands (D.Y.C., E.C., M.F., A.J.R.H.).,Netherlands Proteomics Centre, Utrecht (E.C., M.F., A.J.R.H.)
| | - Martin Fitzpatrick
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, The Netherlands (D.Y.C., E.C., M.F., A.J.R.H.).,Netherlands Proteomics Centre, Utrecht (E.C., M.F., A.J.R.H.)
| | - Li Ni
- Cardiovascular Research Institute (D.Y.C., K.M.A., L.N., S.K.L., L.S., X.H.T.W.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX.,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (L.N., S.K.L., J.O.R., X.P., L.S., X.H.T.W.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Satadru K Lahiri
- Cardiovascular Research Institute (D.Y.C., K.M.A., L.N., S.K.L., L.S., X.H.T.W.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX.,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (L.N., S.K.L., J.O.R., X.P., L.S., X.H.T.W.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Julia O Reynolds
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (L.N., S.K.L., J.O.R., X.P., L.S., X.H.T.W.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Xiaolu Pan
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (L.N., S.K.L., J.O.R., X.P., L.S., X.H.T.W.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Larry Scott
- Cardiovascular Research Institute (D.Y.C., K.M.A., L.N., S.K.L., L.S., X.H.T.W.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX.,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (L.N., S.K.L., J.O.R., X.P., L.S., X.H.T.W.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Albert J R Heck
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, The Netherlands (D.Y.C., E.C., M.F., A.J.R.H.).,Netherlands Proteomics Centre, Utrecht (E.C., M.F., A.J.R.H.)
| | - Xander H T Wehrens
- Cardiovascular Research Institute (D.Y.C., K.M.A., L.N., S.K.L., L.S., X.H.T.W.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX.,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (L.N., S.K.L., J.O.R., X.P., L.S., X.H.T.W.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX.,Department of Medicine (Cardiology) (X.H.T.W.), and Department of Pediatrics (Cardiology) (X.H.T.W.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
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7
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Affiliation(s)
- Jake M. Kieserman
- Division of CardiologyThe Department of MedicineLewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple UniversityPhiladelphiaPA
| | - Valerie D. Myers
- Division of CardiologyThe Department of MedicineLewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple UniversityPhiladelphiaPA
| | - Praveen Dubey
- Division of CardiologyThe Department of MedicineLewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple UniversityPhiladelphiaPA
| | - Joseph Y. Cheung
- Division of CardiologyThe Department of MedicineLewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple UniversityPhiladelphiaPA
| | - Arthur M. Feldman
- Division of CardiologyThe Department of MedicineLewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple UniversityPhiladelphiaPA
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8
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Ferreira M, Beullens M, Bollen M, Van Eynde A. Functions and therapeutic potential of protein phosphatase 1: Insights from mouse genetics. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2019; 1866:16-30. [PMID: 30056088 PMCID: PMC7114192 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2018.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) catalyzes more than half of all phosphoserine/threonine dephosphorylation reactions in mammalian cells. In vivo PP1 does not exist as a free catalytic subunit but is always associated with at least one regulatory PP1-interacting protein (PIP) to generate a large set of distinct holoenzymes. Each PP1 complex controls the dephosphorylation of only a small subset of PP1 substrates. We screened the literature for genetically engineered mouse models and identified models for all PP1 isoforms and 104 PIPs. PP1 itself and at least 49 PIPs were connected to human disease-associated phenotypes. Additionally, phenotypes related to 17 PIPs were clearly linked to altered PP1 function, while such information was lacking for 32 other PIPs. We propose structural reverse genetics, which combines structural characterization of proteins with mouse genetics, to identify new PP1-related therapeutic targets. The available mouse models confirm the pleiotropic action of PP1 in health and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Ferreira
- Laboratory of Biosignaling & Therapeutics, KU Leuven Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Monique Beullens
- Laboratory of Biosignaling & Therapeutics, KU Leuven Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mathieu Bollen
- Laboratory of Biosignaling & Therapeutics, KU Leuven Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Aleyde Van Eynde
- Laboratory of Biosignaling & Therapeutics, KU Leuven Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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9
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Age-Dependent Protein Expression of Serine/Threonine Phosphatases and Their Inhibitors in the Human Cardiac Atrium. Adv Med 2019; 2019:2675972. [PMID: 30719459 PMCID: PMC6334353 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2675972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure and aging of the heart show many similarities regarding hemodynamic and biochemical parameters. There is evidence that heart failure in experimental animals and humans is accompanied and possibly exacerbated by increased activity of protein phosphatase (PP) 1 and/or 2A. Here, we wanted to study the age-dependent protein expression of major members of the protein phosphatase family in human hearts. Right atrial samples were obtained during bypass surgery. Patients (n=60) were suffering from chronic coronary artery disease (CCS 2-3; New York Heart Association (NYHA) stage 1-3). Age ranged from 48 to 84 years (median 69). All patients included in the study were given β-adrenoceptor blockers. Other medications included angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) or angiotensin-receptor-1 (AT1) inhibitors, statins, nitrates, and acetylsalicylic acid (ASS). 100 µg of right atrial homogenates was used for western blotting. Antibodies against catalytic subunits (and their major regulatory proteins) of all presently known cardiac serine/threonine phosphatases were used for antigen detection. In detail, we studied the expression of the catalytic subunit of PP1 (PP1c); I1 PP1 and I2 PP1, proteins that can inhibit the activity of PP1c; the catalytic subunit of PP2A (PP2Ac); regulatory A-subunit of PP2A (PP2AA); regulatory B56α-subunit of PP2A (PP2AB); I1 PP2A and I2 PP2A, inhibitory subunits of PP2A; catalytic and regulatory subunits of calcineurin: PP2BA and PP2BB; PP2C; PP5; and PP6. All data were obtained within the linear range of the assay. There was a significant decline in PP2Ac and I2 PP2A expression in older patients, whereas all other parameters remained unchanged with age. It remains to be elucidated whether the decrease in the protein expression of I2 PP2A might elevate cardiac PP2A activity in a detrimental way or is overcome by a reduced protein expression and thus a reduced activity of PP2Ac.
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10
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Xu Q, Huff LP, Fujii M, Griendling KK. Redox regulation of the actin cytoskeleton and its role in the vascular system. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 109:84-107. [PMID: 28285002 PMCID: PMC5497502 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The actin cytoskeleton is critical for form and function of vascular cells, serving mechanical, organizational and signaling roles. Because many cytoskeletal proteins are sensitive to reactive oxygen species, redox regulation has emerged as a pivotal modulator of the actin cytoskeleton and its associated proteins. Here, we summarize work implicating oxidants in altering actin cytoskeletal proteins and focus on how these alterations affect cell migration, proliferation and contraction of vascular cells. Finally, we discuss the role of oxidative modification of the actin cytoskeleton in vivo and highlight its importance for vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Xu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University, 101 Woodruff Circle, 308a WMB, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lauren P Huff
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University, 101 Woodruff Circle, 308a WMB, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States
| | - Masakazu Fujii
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Japan
| | - Kathy K Griendling
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University, 101 Woodruff Circle, 308a WMB, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States.
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11
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Neef S, Mann C, Zwenger A, Dybkova N, Maier LS. Reduction of SR Ca2+ leak and arrhythmogenic cellular correlates by SMP-114, a novel CaMKII inhibitor with oral bioavailability. Basic Res Cardiol 2017; 112:45. [DOI: 10.1007/s00395-017-0637-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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12
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Neef S, Heijman J, Otte K, Dewenter M, Saadatmand AR, Meyer-Roxlau S, Antos CL, Backs J, Dobrev D, Wagner M, Maier LS, El-Armouche A. Chronic loss of inhibitor-1 diminishes cardiac RyR2 phosphorylation despite exaggerated CaMKII activity. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2017; 390:857-862. [PMID: 28451724 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-017-1376-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Inhibitor-1 (I-1) modulates protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) activity and thereby counteracts the phosphorylation by kinases. I-1 is downregulated and deactivated in failing hearts, but whether its role is beneficial or detrimental remains controversial, and opposing therapeutic strategies have been proposed. Overactivity of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) with hyperphosphorylation of ryanodine receptors (RyR2) at the CaMKII-site is recognized to be central for heart failure and arrhythmias. Using an I-1-deficient mouse line as well as transfected cell lines, we investigated the effects of acute and chronic modulation of I-1 on CaMKII activity and RyR2 phosphorylation. We demonstrate that I-1 acutely modulates CaMKII by regulating PP1 activity. However, while ablation of I-1 should thus limit CaMKII-activation, we unexpectedly found exaggerated CaMKII-activation under β-adrenergic stress upon chronic loss of I-1 in knockout mice. We unraveled that this is due to chronic upregulation of the exchange protein activated by cAMP (EPAC) leading to augmented CaMKII activation, and using computational modeling validated that an increase in EPAC expression can indeed explain our experimental findings. Interestingly, at the level of RyR2, the increase in PP1 activity more than outweighed the increase in CaMKII activity, resulting in reduced RyR phosphorylation at Ser-2814. Exaggerated CaMKII activation due to counterregulatory mechanisms upon loss of I-1 is an important caveat with respect to suggested therapeutic I-1-inhibition, as CaMKII overactivity has been heavily implicated in several cardiac pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Neef
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Jordi Heijman
- Department of Cardiology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Kristian Otte
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Matthias Dewenter
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Department of Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ali R Saadatmand
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Department of Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Meyer-Roxlau
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Christopher L Antos
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Johannes Backs
- Department of Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dobromir Dobrev
- Institute of Pharmacology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Michael Wagner
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Lars S Maier
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ali El-Armouche
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
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13
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14
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Sun X, Han Q, Luo H, Pan X, Ji Y, Yang Y, Chen H, Wang F, Lai W, Guan X, Zhang Q, Tang Y, Chu J, Yu J, Shou W, Deng Y, Li X. Profiling analysis of long non-coding RNAs in early postnatal mouse hearts. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43485. [PMID: 28266538 PMCID: PMC5339910 DOI: 10.1038/srep43485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammalian cardiomyocytes undergo a critical hyperplastic-to-hypertrophic growth transition at early postnatal age, which is important in establishing normal physiological function of postnatal hearts. In the current study, we intended to explore the role of long non-coding (lnc) RNAs in this transitional stage. We analyzed lncRNA expression profiles in mouse hearts at postnatal day (P) 1, P7 and P28 via microarray. We identified 1,146 differentially expressed lncRNAs with more than 2.0-fold change when compared the expression profiles of P1 to P7, P1 to P28, and P7 to P28. The neighboring genes of these differentially expressed lncRNAs were mainly involved in DNA replication-associated biological processes. We were particularly interested in one novel cardiac-enriched lncRNA, ENSMUST00000117266, whose expression was dramatically down-regulated from P1 to P28 and was also sensitive to hypoxia, paraquat, and myocardial infarction. Knockdown ENSMUST00000117266 led to a significant increase of neonatal mouse cardiomyocytes in G0/G1 phase and reduction in G2/M phase, suggesting that ENSMUST00000117266 is involved in regulating cardiomyocyte proliferative activity and is likely associated with hyperplastic-to-hypertrophic growth transition. In conclusion, our data have identified a large group of lncRNAs presented in the early postnatal mouse heart. Some of these lncRNAs may have important functions in cardiac hyperplastic-to-hypertrophic growth transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiongshan Sun
- Institute of Materia Medica, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Center of Translational Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qi Han
- Institute of Materia Medica, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Center of Translational Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongqin Luo
- Institute of Materia Medica, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Center of Translational Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaodong Pan
- Institute of Materia Medica, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Center of Translational Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan Ji
- Institute of Materia Medica, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Center of Translational Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yao Yang
- Institute of Materia Medica, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Center of Translational Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hanying Chen
- Riley Heart Research Center, Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Fangjie Wang
- Institute of Materia Medica, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Center of Translational Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenjing Lai
- Institute of Materia Medica, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Center of Translational Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiao Guan
- Institute of Materia Medica, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Center of Translational Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Institute of Materia Medica, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Center of Translational Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuan Tang
- Institute of Materia Medica, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Center of Translational Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jianhong Chu
- Suzhou Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jianhua Yu
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Weinian Shou
- Institute of Materia Medica, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Center of Translational Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Riley Heart Research Center, Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Youcai Deng
- Institute of Materia Medica, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Center of Translational Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaohui Li
- Institute of Materia Medica, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Center of Translational Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
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15
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Fujita T, Umemura M, Yokoyama U, Okumura S, Ishikawa Y. The role of Epac in the heart. Cell Mol Life Sci 2017; 74:591-606. [PMID: 27549789 PMCID: PMC11107744 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2336-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Revised: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
As one of the most important second messengers, 3',5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) mediates various extracellular signals including hormones and neurotransmitters, and induces appropriate responses in diverse types of cells. Since cAMP was formerly believed to transmit signals through only two direct target molecules, protein kinase A and the cyclic nucleotide-gated channel, the sensational discovery in 1998 of another novel direct effecter of cAMP [exchange proteins directly activated by cAMP (Epac)] attracted a great deal of scientific interest in cAMP signaling. Numerous studies on Epac have since disclosed its important functions in various tissues in the body. Recently, observations of genetically manipulated mice in various pathogenic models have begun to reveal the in vivo significance of previous in vitro or cellular-level findings. Here, we focused on the function of Epac in the heart. Accumulating evidence has revealed that both Epac1 and Epac2 play important roles in the structure and function of the heart under physiological and pathological conditions. Accordingly, developing the ability to regulate cAMP-mediated signaling through Epac may lead to remarkable new therapies for the treatment of cardiac diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Fujita
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan.
| | - Masanari Umemura
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Utako Yokoyama
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Satoshi Okumura
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
- Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Ishikawa
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan.
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16
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Chiang DY, Heck AJR, Dobrev D, Wehrens XHT. Regulating the regulator: Insights into the cardiac protein phosphatase 1 interactome. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2016; 101:165-172. [PMID: 27663175 PMCID: PMC5154861 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2016.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Revised: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Reversible phosphorylation of proteins is a delicate yet dynamic balancing act between kinases and phosphatases, the disturbance of which underlies numerous disease processes. While our understanding of protein kinases has grown tremendously over the past decades, relatively little is known regarding protein phosphatases. This may be because protein kinases are great in number and relatively specific in function, and thereby amenable to be studied in isolation, whereas protein phosphatases are much less abundant and more nonspecific in their function. To achieve subcellular localization and substrate specificity, phosphatases depend on partnering with a large number of regulatory subunits, protein scaffolds and/or other interactors. This added layer of complexity presents a significant barrier to their study, but holds the key to unexplored opportunities for novel pharmacologic intervention. In this review we focus on serine/threonine protein phosphatase type-1 (PP1), which plays an important role in cardiac physiology and pathophysiology. Although much work has been done to investigate the role of PP1 in cardiac diseases including atrial fibrillation and heart failure, most of these studies were limited to examining and manipulating the catalytic subunit(s) of PP1 without adequately considering the PP1 interactors, which give specificity to PP1's functions. To complement these studies, three unbiased methods have been developed and applied to the mapping of the PP1 interactome: bioinformatics approaches, yeast two-hybrid screens, and affinity-purification mass spectrometry. The application of these complementary methods has the potential to generate a detailed cardiac PP1 interactome, which is an important step in identifying novel and targeted pharmacological interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Y Chiang
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Albert J R Heck
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Dobromir Dobrev
- Institute of Pharmacology, University Duisburg/Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Xander H T Wehrens
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Pediatrics (Cardiology), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
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17
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Haghighi K, Pritchard TJ, Liu GS, Singh VP, Bidwell P, Lam CK, Vafiadaki E, Das P, Ma J, Kunduri S, Sanoudou D, Florea S, Vanderbilt E, Wang HS, Rubinstein J, Hajjar RJ, Kranias EG. Human G109E-inhibitor-1 impairs cardiac function and promotes arrhythmias. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2015; 89:349-59. [PMID: 26455482 PMCID: PMC4689614 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2015.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Revised: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
A hallmark of human and experimental heart failure is deficient sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca-uptake reflecting impaired contractile function. This is at least partially attributed to dephosphorylation of phospholamban by increased protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) activity. Indeed inhibition of PP1 by transgenic overexpression or gene-transfer of constitutively active inhibitor-1 improved Ca-cycling, preserved function and decreased fibrosis in small and large animal models of heart failure, suggesting that inhibitor-1 may represent a potential therapeutic target. We recently identified a novel human polymorphism (G109E) in the inhibitor-1 gene with a frequency of 7% in either normal or heart failure patients. Transgenic mice, harboring cardiac-specific expression of G109E inhibitor-1, exhibited decreases in contractility, Ca-kinetics and SR Ca-load. These depressive effects were relieved by isoproterenol stimulation. Furthermore, stress conditions (2Hz +/- Iso) induced increases in Ca-sparks, Ca-waves (60% of G109E versus 20% in wild types) and after-contractions (76% of G109E versus 23% of wild types) in mutant cardiomyocytes. Similar findings were obtained by acute expression of the G109E variant in adult cardiomyocytes in the absence or presence of endogenous inhibitor-1. The underlying mechanisms included reduced binding of mutant inhibitor-1 to PP1, increased PP1 activity, and dephosphorylation of phospholamban at Ser16 and Thr17. However, phosphorylation of the ryanodine receptor at Ser2808 was not altered while phosphorylation at Ser2814 was increased, consistent with increased activation of Ca/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII), promoting aberrant SR Ca-release. Parallel in vivo studies revealed that mutant mice developed ventricular ectopy and complex ventricular arrhythmias (including bigeminy, trigeminy and ventricular tachycardia), when challenged with isoproterenol. Inhibition of CaMKII activity by KN-93 prevented the increased propensity to arrhythmias. These findings suggest that the human G109E inhibitor-1 variant impairs SR Ca-cycling and promotes arrhythmogenesis under stress conditions, which may present an additional insult in the compromised function of heart failure carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kobra Haghighi
- Department of Pharmacology and Cell Biophysics, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, United States
| | - Tracy J Pritchard
- Department of Pharmacology and Cell Biophysics, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, United States
| | - Guan-Sheng Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Cell Biophysics, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, United States
| | - Vivek P Singh
- Department of Pharmacology and Cell Biophysics, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, United States
| | - Philip Bidwell
- Department of Pharmacology and Cell Biophysics, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, United States
| | - Chi Keung Lam
- Department of Pharmacology and Cell Biophysics, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, United States
| | - Elizabeth Vafiadaki
- Molecular Biology Division, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Greece
| | - Parthib Das
- Department of Pharmacology and Cell Biophysics, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, United States
| | - Jianyong Ma
- Department of Pharmacology and Cell Biophysics, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, United States
| | - Swati Kunduri
- Department of Pharmacology and Cell Biophysics, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, United States
| | - Despina Sanoudou
- Molecular Biology Division, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Greece; 4th Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Athens and Attikon Hospital, Greece
| | - Stela Florea
- Department of Pharmacology and Cell Biophysics, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, United States
| | - Erica Vanderbilt
- Department of Pharmacology and Cell Biophysics, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, United States
| | - Hong-Shang Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Cell Biophysics, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, United States
| | - Jack Rubinstein
- Division of Cardiology, Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH 45267, United States
| | - Roger J Hajjar
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Ichan School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, United States
| | - Evangelia G Kranias
- Department of Pharmacology and Cell Biophysics, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, United States; Molecular Biology Division, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Greece.
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18
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Weber S, Meyer-Roxlau S, Wagner M, Dobrev D, El-Armouche A. Counteracting Protein Kinase Activity in the Heart: The Multiple Roles of Protein Phosphatases. Front Pharmacol 2015; 6:270. [PMID: 26617522 PMCID: PMC4643138 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2015.00270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Decades of cardiovascular research have shown that variable and flexible levels of protein phosphorylation are necessary to maintain cardiac function. A delicate balance between phosphorylated and dephosphorylated states of proteins is guaranteed by a complex interplay of protein kinases (PKs) and phosphatases. Serine/threonine phosphatases, in particular members of the protein phosphatase (PP) family govern dephosphorylation of the majority of these cardiac proteins. Recent findings have however shown that PPs do not only dephosphorylate previously phosphorylated proteins as a passive control mechanism but are capable to actively control PK activity via different direct and indirect signaling pathways. These control mechanisms can take place on (epi-)genetic, (post-)transcriptional, and (post-)translational levels. In addition PPs themselves are targets of a plethora of proteinaceous interaction partner regulating their endogenous activity, thus adding another level of complexity and feedback control toward this system. Finally, novel approaches are underway to achieve spatiotemporal pharmacologic control of PPs which in turn can be used to fine-tune misleaded PK activity in heart disease. Taken together, this review comprehensively summarizes the major aspects of PP-mediated PK regulation and discusses the subsequent consequences of deregulated PP activity for cardiovascular diseases in depth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvio Weber
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Dresden University of Technology , Dresden, Germany
| | - Stefanie Meyer-Roxlau
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Dresden University of Technology , Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Wagner
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Dresden University of Technology , Dresden, Germany
| | - Dobromir Dobrev
- Institute of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, West German Heart and Vascular Center , Essen, Germany
| | - Ali El-Armouche
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Dresden University of Technology , Dresden, Germany
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19
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Cai WF, Liu GS, Lam CK, Florea S, Qian J, Zhao W, Pritchard T, Haghighi K, Lebeche D, Lu LJ, Deng J, Fan GC, Hajjar RJ, Kranias EG. Up-regulation of micro-RNA765 in human failing hearts is associated with post-transcriptional regulation of protein phosphatase inhibitor-1 and depressed contractility. Eur J Heart Fail 2015; 17:782-93. [PMID: 26177627 DOI: 10.1002/ejhf.323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Revised: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Impaired sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca(2+) cycling and depressed contractility, a hallmark of human and experimental heart failure, has been partially attributed to increased protein phosphatase 1 (PP-1) activity, associated with down-regulation of its endogenous inhibitor-1. The levels and activity of inhibitor-1 are reduced in failing hearts, contributing to dephosphorylation and inactivation of key calcium cycling proteins. Therefore, we investigated the mechanisms that mediate decreases in inhibitor-1 by post-transcriptional modification. METHODS AND RESULTS Bioinformatics revealed that 17 human microRNAs may serve as modulators of inhibitor-1. However, real-time PCR analysis identified only one of these microRNAs, miR-765, as being increased in human failing hearts concomitant with decreased inhibitor-1 levels. Expression of miR-765 in HEK293 cells or mouse ventricular myocytes confirmed suppression of inhibitor-1 levels through binding of this miR-765 to the 3'-untranslated region of inhibitor-1 mRNA. To determine the functional significance of miR-765 in Ca(2+) cycling, pri-miR-765 as well as a non-translated nucleotide sequence (miR-Ctrl) were expressed in adult mouse ventricular myocytes. The inhibitor-1 expression levels were decreased, accompanied by enhanced PP-1 activity in the miR-765 cardiomyocytes, and these reflected depressed contractile mechanics and Ca(2+) transients, compared with the miR-Ctrl group. The depressive effects were associated with decreases in the phosphorylation of phospholamban and SR Ca(2+) load. These miR-765 negative inotropic effects were abrogated in inhibitor-1-deficient cardiomyocytes, suggesting its apparent specificity for inhibitor-1. CONCLUSIONS miR-765 levels are increased in human failing hearts. Such increases may contribute to depressed cardiac function through reduced inhibitor-1 expression and enhanced PP-1 activity, associated with reduced SR Ca(2+) load.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Feng Cai
- Department of Pharmacology and Cell Biophysics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Guan-Sheng Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Cell Biophysics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Chi Keung Lam
- Department of Pharmacology and Cell Biophysics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Stela Florea
- Department of Pharmacology and Cell Biophysics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Jiang Qian
- Department of Pharmacology and Cell Biophysics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Wen Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology and Cell Biophysics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Tracy Pritchard
- Department of Pharmacology and Cell Biophysics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Kobra Haghighi
- Department of Pharmacology and Cell Biophysics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Djamel Lebeche
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Long Jason Lu
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Jingyuan Deng
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Guo-Chang Fan
- Department of Pharmacology and Cell Biophysics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Roger J Hajjar
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Evangelia G Kranias
- Department of Pharmacology and Cell Biophysics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,Molecular Biology Division, Center for Basic Research, Foundation for Biomedical Research of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
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20
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Wagner M, Weber S, El-Armouche A. Linking superinhibitory PLN mutations to CaMKII activation: a new arrhythmogenic mechanism in genetic DCM? Cardiovasc Res 2015; 107:5-6. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvv163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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21
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Dobrev D, Wehrens XHT. Role of RyR2 phosphorylation in heart failure and arrhythmias: Controversies around ryanodine receptor phosphorylation in cardiac disease. Circ Res 2014; 114:1311-9; discussion 1319. [PMID: 24723656 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.114.300568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac ryanodine receptor type 2 plays a key role in excitation-contraction coupling. The ryanodine receptor type 2 channel protein is modulated by various post-translational modifications, including phosphorylation by protein kinase A and Ca(2+)/calmodulin protein kinase II. Despite extensive research in this area, the functional effects of ryanodine receptor type 2 phosphorylation remain disputed. In particular, the potential involvement of increased ryanodine receptor type 2 phosphorylation in the pathogenesis of heart failure and arrhythmias remains a controversial area, which is discussed in this review article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dobromir Dobrev
- From the Institute of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany (D.D.); and Cardiovascular Research Institute, Departments of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, and Medicine-Cardiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (X.H.T.W.)
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22
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Okumura S, Fujita T, Cai W, Jin M, Namekata I, Mototani Y, Jin H, Ohnuki Y, Tsuneoka Y, Kurotani R, Suita K, Kawakami Y, Hamaguchi S, Abe T, Kiyonari H, Tsunematsu T, Bai Y, Suzuki S, Hidaka Y, Umemura M, Ichikawa Y, Yokoyama U, Sato M, Ishikawa F, Izumi-Nakaseko H, Adachi-Akahane S, Tanaka H, Ishikawa Y. Epac1-dependent phospholamban phosphorylation mediates the cardiac response to stresses. J Clin Invest 2014; 124:2785-801. [PMID: 24892712 DOI: 10.1172/jci64784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PKA phosphorylates multiple molecules involved in calcium (Ca2+) handling in cardiac myocytes and is considered to be the predominant regulator of β-adrenergic receptor-mediated enhancement of cardiac contractility; however, recent identification of exchange protein activated by cAMP (EPAC), which is independently activated by cAMP, has challenged this paradigm. Mice lacking Epac1 (Epac1 KO) exhibited decreased cardiac contractility with reduced phospholamban (PLN) phosphorylation at serine-16, the major PKA-mediated phosphorylation site. In Epac1 KO mice, intracellular Ca2+ storage and the magnitude of Ca2+ movement were decreased; however, PKA expression remained unchanged, and activation of PKA with isoproterenol improved cardiac contractility. In contrast, direct activation of EPAC in cardiomyocytes led to increased PLN phosphorylation at serine-16, which was dependent on PLC and PKCε. Importantly, Epac1 deletion protected the heart from various stresses, while Epac2 deletion was not protective. Compared with WT mice, aortic banding induced a similar degree of cardiac hypertrophy in Epac1 KO; however, lack of Epac1 prevented subsequent cardiac dysfunction as a result of decreased cardiac myocyte apoptosis and fibrosis. Similarly, Epac1 KO animals showed resistance to isoproterenol- and aging-induced cardiomyopathy and attenuation of arrhythmogenic activity. These data support Epac1 as an important regulator of PKA-independent PLN phosphorylation and indicate that Epac1 regulates cardiac responsiveness to various stresses.
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23
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Haj Slimane Z, Bedioune I, Lechêne P, Varin A, Lefebvre F, Mateo P, Domergue-Dupont V, Dewenter M, Richter W, Conti M, El-Armouche A, Zhang J, Fischmeister R, Vandecasteele G. Control of cytoplasmic and nuclear protein kinase A by phosphodiesterases and phosphatases in cardiac myocytes. Cardiovasc Res 2014; 102:97-106. [PMID: 24550350 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvu029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS The cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) mediates β-adrenoceptor (β-AR) regulation of cardiac contraction and gene expression. Whereas PKA activity is well characterized in various subcellular compartments of adult cardiomyocytes, its regulation in the nucleus remains largely unknown. The aim of the present study was to compare the modalities of PKA regulation in the cytoplasm and nucleus of cardiomyocytes. METHODS AND RESULTS Cytoplasmic and nuclear cAMP and PKA activity were measured with targeted fluorescence resonance energy transfer probes in adult rat ventricular myocytes. β-AR stimulation with isoprenaline (Iso) led to fast cAMP elevation in both compartments, whereas PKA activity was fast in the cytoplasm but markedly slower in the nucleus. Iso was also more potent and efficient in activating cytoplasmic than nuclear PKA. Similar slow kinetics of nuclear PKA activation was observed upon adenylyl cyclase activation with L-858051 or phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibition with 3-isobutyl-1-methylxantine. Consistently, pulse stimulation with Iso (15 s) maximally induced PKA and myosin-binding protein C phosphorylation in the cytoplasm, but marginally activated PKA and cAMP response element-binding protein phosphorylation in the nucleus. Inhibition of PDE4 or ablation of the Pde4d gene in mice prolonged cytoplasmic PKA activation and enhanced nuclear PKA responses. In the cytoplasm, phosphatase 1 (PP1) and 2A (PP2A) contributed to the termination of PKA responses, whereas only PP1 played a role in the nucleus. CONCLUSION Our study reveals a differential integration of cytoplasmic and nuclear PKA responses to β-AR stimulation in cardiac myocytes. This may have important implications in the physiological and pathological hypertrophic response to β-AR stimulation.
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24
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Kaikkonen L, Magga J, Ronkainen VP, Koivisto E, Perjes Á, Chuprun JK, Vinge LE, Kilpiö T, Aro J, Ulvila J, Alakoski T, Bibb JA, Szokodi I, Koch WJ, Ruskoaho H, Kerkelä R. p38α regulates SERCA2a function. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2013; 67:86-93. [PMID: 24361238 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2013.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2013] [Revised: 11/27/2013] [Accepted: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) regulates the L-type calcium channel, the ryanodine receptor, and phospholamban (PLB) thereby increasing inotropy. Cardiac contractility is also regulated by p38 MAPK, which is a negative regulator of cardiac contractile function. The aim of this study was to identify the mechanism mediating the positive inotropic effect of p38 inhibition. Isolated adult and neonatal cardiomyocytes and perfused rat hearts were utilized to investigate the molecular mechanisms regulated by p38. PLB phosphorylation was enhanced in cardiomyocytes by chemical p38 inhibition, by overexpression of dominant negative p38α and by p38α RNAi, but not with dominant negative p38β. Treatment of cardiomyocytes with dominant negative p38α significantly decreased Ca(2+)-transient decay time indicating enhanced sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase function and increased cardiomyocyte contractility. Analysis of signaling mechanisms involved showed that inhibition of p38 decreased the activity of protein phosphatase 2A, which renders protein phosphatase inhibitor-1 phosphorylated and thereby inhibits PP1. In conclusion, inhibition of p38α enhances PLB phosphorylation and diastolic Ca(2+) uptake. Our findings provide evidence for novel mechanism regulating cardiac contractility upon p38 inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leena Kaikkonen
- Dept. of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, P.O. BOX 5000, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Johanna Magga
- Dept. of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, P.O. BOX 5000, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland
| | | | - Elina Koivisto
- Dept. of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, P.O. BOX 5000, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Ábel Perjes
- Dept. of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, P.O. BOX 5000, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - J Kurt Chuprun
- Temple University School of Medicine, MERB 9th floor, 3500 N Broad St., Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Leif Erik Vinge
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Sognsvannsveien 20, 0027 Oslo, Norway; Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Sognsvannsveien 20, 0027 Oslo, Norway; Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Teemu Kilpiö
- Dept. of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, P.O. BOX 5000, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Jani Aro
- Dept. of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, P.O. BOX 5000, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Johanna Ulvila
- Dept. of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, P.O. BOX 5000, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Tarja Alakoski
- Dept. of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, P.O. BOX 5000, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - James A Bibb
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas, Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390-9070, USA
| | - Istvan Szokodi
- Heart Institute, Medical School, University of Pécs, 13 Ifjúság St., 7624 Pécs Hungary
| | - Walter J Koch
- Temple University School of Medicine, MERB 9th floor, 3500 N Broad St., Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Heikki Ruskoaho
- Dept. of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, P.O. BOX 5000, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland; Dept. of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy; University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 9, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Risto Kerkelä
- Dept. of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, P.O. BOX 5000, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland; Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Finland.
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25
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Weber C, Neacsu I, Krautz B, Schlegel P, Sauer S, Raake P, Ritterhoff J, Jungmann A, Remppis AB, Stangassinger M, Koch WJ, Katus HA, Müller OJ, Most P, Pleger ST. Therapeutic safety of high myocardial expression levels of the molecular inotrope S100A1 in a preclinical heart failure model. Gene Ther 2013; 21:131-8. [PMID: 24305416 DOI: 10.1038/gt.2013.63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2013] [Revised: 08/29/2013] [Accepted: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Low levels of the molecular inotrope S100A1 are sufficient to rescue post-ischemic heart failure (HF). As a prerequisite to clinical application and to determine the safety of myocardial S100A1 DNA-based therapy, we investigated the effects of high myocardial S100A1 expression levels on the cardiac contractile function and occurrence of arrhythmia in a preclinical large animal HF model. At 2 weeks after myocardial infarction domestic pigs presented significant left ventricular (LV) contractile dysfunction. Retrograde application of AAV6-S100A1 (1.5 × 10(13) tvp) via the anterior cardiac vein (ACV) resulted in high-level myocardial S100A1 protein peak expression of up to 95-fold above control. At 14 weeks, pigs with high-level myocardial S100A1 protein overexpression did not show abnormalities in the electrocardiogram. Electrophysiological right ventricular stimulation ruled out an increased susceptibility to monomorphic ventricular arrhythmia. High-level S100A1 protein overexpression in the LV myocardium resulted in a significant increase in LV ejection fraction (LVEF), albeit to a lesser extent than previously reported with low S100A1 protein overexpression. Cardiac remodeling was, however, equally reversed. High myocardial S100A1 protein overexpression neither increases the occurrence of cardiac arrhythmia nor causes detrimental effects on myocardial contractile function in vivo. In contrast, this study demonstrates a broad therapeutic range of S100A1 gene therapy in post-ischemic HF using a preclinical large animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Weber
- 1] Center for Molecular and Translational Cardiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany [2] Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - I Neacsu
- 1] Center for Molecular and Translational Cardiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany [2] Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - B Krautz
- 1] Center for Molecular and Translational Cardiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany [2] Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - P Schlegel
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S Sauer
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - P Raake
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J Ritterhoff
- 1] Center for Molecular and Translational Cardiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany [2] Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Jungmann
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A B Remppis
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Stangassinger
- Institute for Animal Physiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - W J Koch
- Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - H A Katus
- 1] Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany [2] Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-/Kreislaufforschung, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - O J Müller
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - P Most
- 1] Center for Molecular and Translational Cardiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany [2] Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany [3] Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-/Kreislaufforschung, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany [4] Laboratory for Cardiac Stem Cell and Gene Therapy, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - S T Pleger
- 1] Center for Molecular and Translational Cardiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany [2] Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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26
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Pritchard TJ, Kawase Y, Haghighi K, Anjak A, Cai W, Jiang M, Nicolaou P, Pylar G, Karakikes I, Rapti K, Rubinstein J, Hajjar RJ, Kranias EG. Active inhibitor-1 maintains protein hyper-phosphorylation in aging hearts and halts remodeling in failing hearts. PLoS One 2013; 8:e80717. [PMID: 24312496 PMCID: PMC3846572 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0080717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Impaired sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium cycling and depressed contractility are key characteristics in heart failure. Defects in sarcoplasmic reticulum function are characterized by decreased SERCA2a Ca-transport that is partially attributable to dephosphorylation of its regulator phospholamban by increased protein phosphatase 1 activity. Inhibition of protein phosphatase 1 through activation of its endogenous inhibitor-1 has been shown to enhance cardiac Ca-handling and contractility as well as protect from pathological stress remodeling in young mice. In this study, we assessed the long-term effects of inducible expression of constitutively active inhibitor-1 in the adult heart and followed function and remodeling through the aging process, up to 20 months. Mice with inhibitor-1 had normal survival and similar function to WTs. There was no overt remodeling as evidenced by measures of left ventricular end-systolic and diastolic diameters and posterior wall dimensions, heart weight to tibia length ratio, and histology. Higher phosphorylation of phospholamban at both Ser16 and Thr17 was maintained in aged hearts with active inhibitor-1, potentially offsetting the effects of elevated Ser2815-phosphorylation in ryanodine receptor, as there were no increases in arrhythmias under stress conditions in 20-month old mice. Furthermore, long-term expression of active inhibitor-1 via recombinant adeno-associated virus type 9 gene transfer in rats with pressure-overload induced heart failure improved function and prevented remodeling, associated with increased phosphorylation of phospholamban at Ser16 and Thr17. Thus, chronic inhibition of protein phosphatase 1, through increases in active inhibitor-1, does not accelerate age-related cardiomyopathy and gene transfer of this molecule in vivo improves function and halts remodeling in the long term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy J. Pritchard
- Department of Pharmacology and Cell Biophysics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Yoshiaki Kawase
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Ichan School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Kobra Haghighi
- Department of Pharmacology and Cell Biophysics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Ahmad Anjak
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Wenfeng Cai
- Department of Pharmacology and Cell Biophysics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Min Jiang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Persoulla Nicolaou
- Department of Pharmacology and Cell Biophysics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - George Pylar
- Department of Pharmacology and Cell Biophysics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Ioannis Karakikes
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Ichan School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Kleopatra Rapti
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Ichan School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Jack Rubinstein
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Roger J. Hajjar
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Ichan School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Evangelia G. Kranias
- Department of Pharmacology and Cell Biophysics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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27
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Koch SE, Haworth KJ, Robbins N, Smith MA, Lather N, Anjak A, Jiang M, Varma P, Jones WK, Rubinstein J. Age- and gender-related changes in ventricular performance in wild-type FVB/N mice as evaluated by conventional and vector velocity echocardiography imaging: a retrospective study. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2013; 39:2034-2043. [PMID: 23791351 PMCID: PMC4857602 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2013.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2012] [Revised: 03/28/2013] [Accepted: 04/04/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Detailed studies in animal models to assess the importance of aging animals in cardiovascular research are rather scarce. The increase in mouse models used to study cardiovascular disease makes the establishment of physiologic aging parameters in myocardial function in both male and female mice critical. Forty-four FVB/N mice were studied at multiple time points between the ages of 3 and 16 mo using high-frequency echocardiography. Our study found that there is an age-dependent decrease in several systolic and diastolic function parameters in male mice, but not in female mice. This study establishes the physiologic age- and gender-related changes in myocardial function that occur in mice and can be measured with echocardiography. We report baseline values for traditional echocardiography and advanced echocardiographic techniques to measure discrete changes in cardiac function in the commonly employed FVB/N strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheryl E. Koch
- Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Kevin J. Haworth
- Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Biomedical Engineering Program, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Nathan Robbins
- Emergency Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Margaret A. Smith
- Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Navneet Lather
- Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Ahmad Anjak
- Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Min Jiang
- Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Priyanka Varma
- Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - W. Keith Jones
- Department of Pharmacology & Cell Biophysics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Jack Rubinstein
- Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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28
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Schwoerer AP, Neef S, Broichhausen I, Jacubeit J, Tiburcy M, Wagner M, Biermann D, Didié M, Vettel C, Maier LS, Zimmermann WH, Carrier L, Eschenhagen T, Volk T, El-Armouche A, Ehmke H. Enhanced Ca²+ influx through cardiac L-type Ca²+ channels maintains the systolic Ca²+ transient in early cardiac atrophy induced by mechanical unloading. Pflugers Arch 2013; 465:1763-73. [PMID: 23842739 PMCID: PMC3898408 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-013-1316-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Revised: 06/13/2013] [Accepted: 06/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac atrophy as a consequence of mechanical unloading develops following exposure to microgravity or prolonged bed rest. It also plays a central role in the reverse remodelling induced by left ventricular unloading in patients with heart failure. Surprisingly, the intracellular Ca2+ transients which are pivotal to electromechanical coupling and to cardiac plasticity were repeatedly found to remain unaffected in early cardiac atrophy. To elucidate the mechanisms underlying the preservation of the Ca2+ transients, we investigated Ca2+ cycling in cardiomyocytes from mechanically unloaded (heterotopic abdominal heart transplantation) and control (orthotopic) hearts in syngeneic Lewis rats. Following 2 weeks of unloading, sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ content was reduced by ~55 %. Atrophic cardiac myocytes also showed a much lower frequency of spontaneous diastolic Ca2+ sparks and a diminished systolic Ca2+ release, even though the expression of ryanodine receptors was increased by ~30 %. In contrast, current clamp recordings revealed prolonged action potentials in endocardial as well as epicardial myocytes which were associated with a two to fourfold higher sarcolemmal Ca2+ influx under action potential clamp. In addition, Cav1.2 subunits which form the pore of L-type Ca2+ channels (LTCC) were upregulated in atrophic myocardium. These data suggest that in early cardiac atrophy induced by mechanical unloading, an augmented sarcolemmal Ca2+ influx through LTCC fully compensates for a reduced systolic SR Ca2+ release to preserve the Ca2+ transient. This interplay involves an electrophysiological remodelling as well as changes in the expression of cardiac ion channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. P. Schwoerer
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research)—Hamburg/Kiel/Luebeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - S. Neef
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Research Center, Georg-August-University Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - I. Broichhausen
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research)—Hamburg/Kiel/Luebeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - J. Jacubeit
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research)—Hamburg/Kiel/Luebeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - M. Tiburcy
- Institute of Pharmacology, Heart Research Center, Georg-August-University Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research)—Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - M. Wagner
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - D. Biermann
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Center for Cardiology and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Heart Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - M. Didié
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Research Center, Georg-August-University Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
- Institute of Pharmacology, Heart Research Center, Georg-August-University Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research)—Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - C. Vettel
- Institute of Pharmacology, Heart Research Center, Georg-August-University Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research)—Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - L. S. Maier
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Research Center, Georg-August-University Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research)—Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - W. H. Zimmermann
- Institute of Pharmacology, Heart Research Center, Georg-August-University Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research)—Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - L. Carrier
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research)—Hamburg/Kiel/Luebeck, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
- Inserm, U974; CNRS, UMR7215; UPMC UM76, Institut de Myologie, Paris, 75013 France
| | - T. Eschenhagen
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research)—Hamburg/Kiel/Luebeck, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - T. Volk
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - A. El-Armouche
- Institute of Pharmacology, Heart Research Center, Georg-August-University Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research)—Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - H. Ehmke
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research)—Hamburg/Kiel/Luebeck, Hamburg, Germany
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Ather S, Respress JL, Li N, Wehrens XHT. Alterations in ryanodine receptors and related proteins in heart failure. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2013; 1832:2425-31. [PMID: 23770282 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2013.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2013] [Revised: 04/23/2013] [Accepted: 06/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca(2+) release plays an essential role in mediating cardiac myocyte contraction. Depolarization of the plasma membrane results in influx of Ca(2+) through l-type Ca(2+) channels (LTCCs) that in turn triggers efflux of Ca(2+) from the SR through ryanodine receptor type-2 channels (RyR2). This process known as Ca(2+)-induced Ca(2+)release (CICR) occurs within the dyadic region, where the adjacent transverse (T)-tubules and SR membranes allow RyR2 clusters to release SR Ca(2+) following Ca(2+) influx through adjacent LTCCs. SR Ca(2+) released during systole binds to troponin-C and initiates actin-myosin cross-bridging, leading to muscle contraction. During diastole, the cytosolic Ca(2+) concentration is restored by the resequestration of Ca(2+) into the SR by SR/ER Ca(2+)-ATPase (SERCA2a) and by the extrusion of Ca(2+) via the Na(+)/Ca(2+)-exchanger (NCX1). This whole process, entitled excitation-contraction (EC) coupling, is highly coordinated and determines the force of contraction, providing a link between the electrical and mechanical activities of cardiac muscle. In response to heart failure (HF), the heart undergoes maladaptive changes that result in depressed intracellular Ca(2+) cycling and decreased SR Ca(2+) concentrations. As a result, the amplitude of CICR is reduced resulting in less force production during EC coupling. In this review, we discuss the specific proteins that alter the regulation of Ca(2+) during HF. In particular, we will focus on defects in RyR2-mediated SR Ca(2+) release. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Heart failure pathogenesis and emerging diagnostic and therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameer Ather
- Dept of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Dept of Medicine (Cardiology), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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Fish KM, Ladage D, Kawase Y, Karakikes I, Jeong D, Ly H, Ishikawa K, Hadri L, Tilemann L, Muller-Ehmsen J, Samulski RJ, Kranias EG, Hajjar RJ. AAV9.I-1c delivered via direct coronary infusion in a porcine model of heart failure improves contractility and mitigates adverse remodeling. Circ Heart Fail 2012; 6:310-7. [PMID: 23271792 DOI: 10.1161/circheartfailure.112.971325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heart failure is characterized by impaired function and disturbed Ca2+ homeostasis. Transgenic increases in inhibitor-1 activity have been shown to improve Ca2 cycling and preserve cardiac performance in the failing heart. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of activating the inhibitor (I-1c) of protein phosphatase 1 (I-1) through gene transfer on cardiac function in a porcine model of heart failure induced by myocardial infarction. METHODS AND RESULTS Myocardial infarction was created by a percutaneous, permanent left anterior descending artery occlusion in Yorkshire Landrace swine (n=16). One month after myocardial infarction, pigs underwent intracoronary delivery of either recombinant adeno-associated virus type 9 carrying I-1c (n=8) or saline (n=6) as control. One month after myocardial infarction was created, animals exhibited severe heart failure demonstrated by decreased ejection fraction (46.4±7.0% versus sham 69.7±8.5%) and impaired (dP/dt)max and (dP/dt)min. Intracoronary injection of AAV9.I-1c prevented further deterioration of cardiac function and led to a decrease in scar size. CONCLUSIONS In this preclinical model of heart failure, overexpression of I-1c by intracoronary in vivo gene transfer preserved cardiac function and reduced the scar size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth M Fish
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
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Minimally invasive closed-chest ultrasound-guided substance delivery into the pericardial space in mice. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2012; 386:227-38. [PMID: 23250337 PMCID: PMC3570759 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-012-0815-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2012] [Accepted: 11/13/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Organ-directed gene transfer remains an attractive method for both gaining a better understanding of heart disease and for cardiac therapy. However, virally mediated transfer of gene products into cardiac cells requires prolonged exposure of the myocardium to the viral substrate. Pericardial injection of viral vectors has been proposed and used with some success to achieve myocardial transfection and may be a suitable approach for transfection of atrial myocardium. Indeed, such an organ-specific method would be particularly useful to reverse phenotypes in young and adult genetically altered murine models of cardiac disease. We therefore sought to develop a minimally invasive technique for pericardial injection of substances in mice. Pericardial access in anaesthetised, spontaneously breathing mice was achieved using continuous high-resolution ultrasound guidance. We could demonstrate adequate delivery of injected substances into the murine pericardium. Atrial epicardial and myocardial cells were transfected in approximately one third of mice injected with enhanced green fluorescent protein-expressing adenovirus. Cellular expression rates within individual murine atria were limited to a maximum of 20 %; therefore, expression efficiency needs to be further improved. Minimally invasive, ultrasound-guided injection of viral material appears a technically challenging yet feasible method for selective transfection of atrial epi- and myocardium. This pericardial injection method may be useful in the evaluation of potential genetic interventions aimed at rescuing atrial phenotypes in transgenic mouse models.
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Abstract
Cardiac myocyte function is dependent on the synchronized movements of Ca(2+) into and out of the cell, as well as between the cytosol and sarcoplasmic reticulum. These movements determine cardiac rhythm and regulate excitation-contraction coupling. Ca(2+) cycling is mediated by a number of critical Ca(2+)-handling proteins and transporters, such as L-type Ca(2+) channels (LTCCs) and sodium/calcium exchangers in the sarcolemma, and sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 2a (SERCA2a), ryanodine receptors, and cardiac phospholamban in the sarcoplasmic reticulum. The entry of Ca(2+) into the cytosol through LTCCs activates the release of Ca(2+) from the sarcoplasmic reticulum through ryanodine receptor channels and initiates myocyte contraction, whereas SERCA2a and cardiac phospholamban have a key role in sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) sequesteration and myocyte relaxation. Excitation-contraction coupling is regulated by phosphorylation of Ca(2+)-handling proteins. Abnormalities in sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) cycling are hallmarks of heart failure and contribute to the pathophysiology and progression of this disease. Correcting impaired intracellular Ca(2+) cycling is a promising new approach for the treatment of heart failure. Novel therapeutic strategies that enhance myocyte Ca(2+) homeostasis could prevent and reverse adverse cardiac remodeling and improve clinical outcomes in patients with heart failure.
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Rietz A, Spiers J. The relationship between the MMP system, adrenoceptors and phosphoprotein phosphatases. Br J Pharmacol 2012; 166:1225-43. [PMID: 22364165 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2012.01917.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The MMPs and their inhibitors [tissue inhibitor of MMPs (TIMPs)] form the mainstay of extracellular matrix homeostasis. They are expressed in response to numerous stimuli including cytokines and GPCR activation. This review highlights the importance of adrenoceptors and phosphoprotein phosphatases (PPP) in regulating MMPs in the cardiovascular system, which may help explain some of the beneficial effects of targeting the adrenoceptor system in tissue remodelling and will establish emerging crosstalk between these three systems. Although α- and β-adrenoceptor activation increases MMP but decreases TIMP expression, MMPs are implicated in the growth stimulatory effects of adrenoceptor activation through transactivation of epidermal growth factor receptor. Furthermore, they have recently been found to catalyse the proteolysis of β-adrenoceptors and modulate vascular tone. While the mechanisms underpinning these effects are not well defined, reversible protein phosphorylation by kinases and phosphatases may be key. In particular, PPP (Ser/Thr phosphatases) are not only critical in resensitization and internalization of adrenoceptors but also modulate MMP expression. The interrelationship is complex as isoprenaline (ISO) inhibits okadaic acid [phosphoprotein phosphatase type 1/phosphoprotein phosphatase type 2A (PP2A) inhibitor]-mediated MMP expression. While this may be simply due to its ability to transiently increase PP2A activity, there is evidence for MMP-9 that ISO prevents okadaic acid-mediated expression of MMP-9 through a β-arrestin, NF-κB-dependent pathway, which is abolished by knock-down of PP2A. It is essential that crosstalk between MMPs, adrenoceptors and PPP are investigated further as it will provide important insight into how adrenoceptors modulate cardiovascular remodelling, and may identify new targets for pharmacological manipulation of the MMP system.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Rietz
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Abstract
Heart disease remains the leading cause of death and disability in the Western world. Current therapies aim at treating the symptoms rather than the subcellular mechanisms, underlying the etiology and pathological remodeling in heart failure. A universal characteristic, contributing to the decreased contractile performance in human and experimental failing hearts, is impaired calcium sequestration into the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR). SR calcium uptake is mediated by a Ca(2+)-ATPase (SERCA2), whose activity is reversibly regulated by phospholamban (PLN). Dephosphorylated PLN is an inhibitor of SERCA and phosphorylation of PLN relieves this inhibition. However, the initial simple view of a PLN/SERCA regulatory complex has been modified by our recent identification of SUMO, S100 and the histidine-rich Ca-binding protein as regulators of SERCA activity. In addition, PLN activity is regulated by 2 phosphoproteins, the inhibitor-1 of protein phosphatase 1 and the small heat shock protein 20, which affect the overall SERCA-mediated Ca-transport. This review will highlight the regulatory mechanisms of cardiac contractility by the multimeric SERCA/PLN-ensemble and the potential for new therapeutic avenues targeting this complex by using small molecules and gene transfer methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelia G Kranias
- Department of Pharmacology and Cell Biophysics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0575, USA.
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Florea S, Anjak A, Cai WF, Qian J, Vafiadaki E, Figueria S, Haghighi K, Rubinstein J, Lorenz J, Kranias EG. Constitutive phosphorylation of inhibitor-1 at Ser67 and Thr75 depresses calcium cycling in cardiomyocytes and leads to remodeling upon aging. Basic Res Cardiol 2012; 107:279. [PMID: 22777184 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-012-0279-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2012] [Revised: 06/08/2012] [Accepted: 06/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The activity of protein phosphatase-1 (PP1) inhibitor-1 (I-1) is antithetically modulated by the cAMP-protein kinase A (PKA) and Ca(2+)-protein kinase C (PKC) signaling axes. β-adrenergic (β-AR) stimulation results in PKA-phosphorylation of I-1 at threonine 35 (Thr35) and depressed PP1 activity, while PKC phosphorylation at serine 67 (Ser67) and/or Thr75 increases PP1 activity. In heart failure, pThr35 is decreased while pSer67 and pThr75 are elevated. However, the role of Ser67/Thr75 phosphorylation in vivo and its effects on Ca(2+)-cycling are not known. Thus, our aim was to investigate the functional significance of Ser67 and Thr75 phosphorylation in intact hearts. We generated transgenic mice (TG) with cardiac-specific overexpression of constitutively phosphorylated I-1 at Ser67 and Thr75 (S67D/T75D) and evaluated cardiac function. The S67D/T75D cardiomyocytes exhibited significantly depressed Ca(2+)-kinetics and contractile parameters, compared with wild-type (WT) cells. The decreased Ca(2+)-cycling was associated with a 27 % increase in PP1 activity, no alterations in PP2 activity and impaired phosphorylation of myosin-binding protein-C (MyBPC). Upon aging, there was cardiac remodeling associated with increases in systolic and diastolic left ventricular internal diameter dimensions (at 16 months), compared with WTs. The results indicate that phosphorylation of I-1 at Ser67 and Thr75 is associated with increased PP1 activity and depressed cardiomyocyte Ca(2+)-cycling, which manifests in geometrical alterations over the long term. Thus, hyperphosphorylation of these sites in failing hearts may contribute to deteriorative remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stela Florea
- Department of Pharmacology and Cell Biophysics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
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Miyazaki Y, Ikeda Y, Shiraishi K, Fujimoto SN, Aoyama H, Yoshimura K, Inui M, Hoshijima M, Kasahara H, Aoki H, Matsuzaki M. Heart failure-inducible gene therapy targeting protein phosphatase 1 prevents progressive left ventricular remodeling. PLoS One 2012; 7:e35875. [PMID: 22558250 PMCID: PMC3338799 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0035875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2011] [Accepted: 03/23/2012] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The targeting of Ca2+ cycling has emerged as a potential therapy for the treatment of severe heart failure. These approaches include gene therapy directed at overexpressing sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ ATPase, or ablation of phospholamban (PLN) and associated protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) protein complexes. We previously reported that PP1β, one of the PP1 catalytic subunits, predominantly suppresses Ca2+ uptake in the SR among the three PP1 isoforms, thereby contributing to Ca2+ downregulation in failing hearts. In the present study, we investigated whether heart-failure-inducible PP1β-inhibition by adeno-associated viral-9 (AAV9) vector mediated gene therapy is beneficial for preventing disease progression in genetic cardiomyopathic mice. Methods We created an adeno-associated virus 9 (AAV9) vector encoding PP1β short-hairpin RNA (shRNA) or negative control (NC) shRNA. A heart failure inducible gene expression system was employed using the B-type natriuretic protein (BNP) promoter conjugated to emerald-green fluorescence protein (EmGFP) and the shRNA sequence. AAV9 vectors (AAV9-BNP-EmGFP-PP1βshRNA and AAV9-BNP-EmGFP-NCshRNA) were injected into the tail vein (2×1011 GC/mouse) of muscle LIM protein deficient mice (MLPKO), followed by serial analysis of echocardiography, hemodynamic measurement, biochemical and histological analysis at 3 months. Results In the MLPKO mice, BNP promoter activity was shown to be increased by detecting both EmGFP expression and the induced reduction of PP1β by 25% in the myocardium. Inducible PP1βshRNA delivery preferentially ameliorated left ventricular diastolic function and mitigated adverse ventricular remodeling. PLN phosphorylation was significantly augmented in the AAV9-BNP-EmGFP-PP1βshRNA injected hearts compared with the AAV9-BNP-EmGFP-NCshRNA group. Furthermore, BNP production was reduced, and cardiac interstitial fibrosis was abrogated at 3 months. Conclusion Heart failure-inducible molecular targeting of PP1β has potential as a novel therapeutic strategy for heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Miyazaki
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Division of Cardiology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Ikeda
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Division of Cardiology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Kozo Shiraishi
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Division of Cardiology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Shizuka N. Fujimoto
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Division of Cardiology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Aoyama
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Division of Cardiology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Koichi Yoshimura
- Department of Surgery and Clinical Science, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Makoto Inui
- Department of Pharmacology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Masahiko Hoshijima
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Hideko Kasahara
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Hiroki Aoki
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Kurume University, Kurume, Japan
| | - Masunori Matsuzaki
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Division of Cardiology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
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Nattel S, Dobrev D. The multidimensional role of calcium in atrial fibrillation pathophysiology: mechanistic insights and therapeutic opportunities. Eur Heart J 2012; 33:1870-7. [PMID: 22507975 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehs079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained cardiac arrhythmia, and its prevalence is increasing with the ageing of the population. Presently available treatment options are far from optimal and new insights into underlying mechanisms are needed to improve therapy. A variety of recent lines of research are converging to reveal important and relatively underappreciated multidimensional roles of cellular Ca(2+) content, distribution, and handling in AF pathophysiology. The objective of the present paper is to review the participation of changes in cell Ca(2+) and related processes in the mechanisms that lead to AF initiation and maintenance, and to consider the relevance of new knowledge in this area to therapeutic innovation. We first review the involvement of Ca(2+)-related functions in the principal arrhythmia mechanisms underlying AF: focal ectopic activity due to afterdepolarizations and re-entrant mechanisms. The detailed molecular pathophysiology of focal ectopic and re-entrant activity is then discussed in relationship to the participation of cell Ca(2+) changes and related Ca(2+)-handling and Ca(2+)-sensitive signalling systems. We then go on to consider the participation of Ca(2+)-related functions in electrical and structural remodelling processes leading to the AF substrate. Finally, we consider the implications for development of new arrhythmia management approaches and future research and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanley Nattel
- Department of Medicine and Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute and Université de Montréal, 5000 Belanger St E, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H1T 1C8.
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Abstract
Atrial fibrillation is the most common type of cardiac arrhythmia, and is responsible for substantial morbidity and mortality in the general population. Current treatments have moderate efficacy and considerable risks, especially of pro-arrhythmia, highlighting the need for new therapeutic strategies. In recent years, substantial efforts have been invested in developing novel treatments that target the underlying molecular determinants of atrial fibrillation, and several new compounds are under development. This Review focuses on the mechanistic rationale for the development of new anti-atrial fibrillation drugs, on the molecular and structural motifs that they target and on the results obtained so far in experimental and clinical studies.
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Kirchhof P, Marijon E, Fabritz L, Li N, Wang W, Wang T, Schulte K, Hanstein J, Schulte JS, Vogel M, Mougenot N, Laakmann S, Fortmueller L, Eckstein J, Verheule S, Kaese S, Staab A, Grote-Wessels S, Schotten U, Moubarak G, Wehrens XHT, Schmitz W, Hatem S, Müller FU. Overexpression of cAMP-response element modulator causes abnormal growth and development of the atrial myocardium resulting in a substrate for sustained atrial fibrillation in mice. Int J Cardiol 2011; 166:366-74. [PMID: 22093963 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2011.10.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2011] [Accepted: 10/18/2011] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND METHODS Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia in clinical practice. The substrate of AF is composed of a complex interplay between structural and functional changes of the atrial myocardium often preceding the occurrence of persistent AF. However, there are only few animal models reproducing the slow progression of the AF substrate to the spontaneous occurrence of the arrhythmia. Transgenic mice (TG) with cardiomyocyte-directed expression of CREM-IbΔC-X, an isoform of transcription factor CREM, develop atrial dilatation and spontaneous-onset AF. Here we tested the hypothesis that TG mice develop an arrhythmogenic substrate preceding AF using physiological and biochemical techniques. RESULTS Overexpression of CREM-IbΔC-X in young TG mice (<8weeks) led to atrial dilatation combined with distension of myocardium, elongated myocytes, little fibrosis, down-regulation of connexin 40, loss of excitability with a number of depolarized myocytes, atrial ectopies and inducibility of AF. These abnormalities continuously progressed with age resulting in interatrial conduction block, increased atrial conduction heterogeneity, leaky sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium stores and the spontaneous occurrence of paroxysmal and later persistent AF. This distinct atrial remodelling was associated with a pattern of non-regulated and up-regulated marker genes of myocardial hypertrophy and fibrosis. CONCLUSIONS Expression of CREM-IbΔC-X in TG hearts evokes abnormal growth and development of the atria preceding conduction abnormalities and altered calcium homeostasis and the development of spontaneous and persistent AF. We conclude that transcription factor CREM is an important regulator of atrial growth implicated in the development of an arrhythmogenic substrate in TG mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulus Kirchhof
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital Münster, Germany
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Kahr PC, Piccini I, Fabritz L, Greber B, Schöler H, Scheld HH, Hoffmeier A, Brown NA, Kirchhof P. Systematic analysis of gene expression differences between left and right atria in different mouse strains and in human atrial tissue. PLoS One 2011; 6:e26389. [PMID: 22039477 PMCID: PMC3198471 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0026389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2011] [Accepted: 09/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Normal development of the atria requires left-right differentiation during embryonic development. Reduced expression of Pitx2c (paired-like homeodomain transcription factor 2, isoform c), a key regulator of left-right asymmetry, has recently been linked to atrial fibrillation. We therefore systematically studied the molecular composition of left and right atrial tissue in adult murine and human atria. METHODS We compared left and right atrial gene expression in healthy, adult mice of different strains and ages by employing whole genome array analyses on freshly frozen atrial tissue. Selected genes with enriched expression in either atrium were validated by RT-qPCR and Western blot in further animals and in shock-frozen left and right atrial appendages of patients undergoing open heart surgery. RESULTS We identified 77 genes with preferential expression in one atrium that were common in all strains and age groups analysed. Independent of strain and age, Pitx2c was the gene with the highest enrichment in left atrium, while Bmp10, a member of the TGFβ family, showed highest enrichment in right atrium. These differences were validated by RT-qPCR in murine and human tissue. Western blot showed a 2-fold left-right concentration gradient in PITX2 protein in adult human atria. Several of the genes and gene groups enriched in left atria have a known biological role for maintenance of healthy physiology, specifically the prevention of atrial pathologies involved in atrial fibrillation, including membrane electrophysiology, metabolic cellular function, and regulation of inflammatory processes. Comparison of the array datasets with published array analyses in heterozygous Pitx2c(+/-) atria suggested that approximately half of the genes with left-sided enrichment are regulated by Pitx2c. CONCLUSIONS Our study reveals systematic differences between left and right atrial gene expression and supports the hypothesis that Pitx2c has a functional role in maintaining "leftness" in the atrium in adult murine and human hearts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter C. Kahr
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, St. George's University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ilaria Piccini
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Larissa Fabritz
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Boris Greber
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany
| | - Hans Schöler
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany
| | - Hans H. Scheld
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Andreas Hoffmeier
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Nigel A. Brown
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, St. George's University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paulus Kirchhof
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
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Abstract
Chronic heart failure continues to impose a substantial health-care burden, despite recent treatment advances. The key pathophysiological process that ultimately leads to chronic heart failure is cardiac remodelling in response to chronic disease stresses. Here, we review recent advances in our understanding of molecular and cellular mechanisms that play a part in the complex remodelling process, with a focus on key molecules and pathways that might be suitable targets for therapeutic manipulation. Such pathways include those that regulate cardiac myocyte hypertrophy, calcium homoeostasis, energetics, and cell survival, and processes that take place outside the cardiac myocyte--eg, in the myocardial vasculature and extracellular matrix. We also discuss major gaps in our current understanding, take a critical look at conventional approaches to target discovery that have been used to date, and consider new investigational avenues that might accelerate clinically relevant discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay M Shah
- King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, London, UK.
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42
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Hadri L, Hajjar RJ. Calcium cycling proteins and their association with heart failure. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2011; 90:620-4. [PMID: 21832991 DOI: 10.1038/clpt.2011.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) has reached epidemic proportions in the United States and is one of the most important challenges to public health. Severe congestive HF is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. HF afflicts approximately 5 million patients and contributes to 3 million hospitalizations and 300,000 deaths yearly. Late-stage HF has a poor prognosis, and therapeutic options are limited. Defective excitation–contraction (EC) coupling in HF may result from altered density or function of proteins relevant for Ca2+ homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Hadri
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
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43
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Fabritz L, Herzig S. Can T-type calcium channels make a change of heart after myocardial infarction? Fiction or fact, and for better or for worse? Cardiovasc Res 2011; 91:373-5. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvr177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
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44
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Qian J, Vafiadaki E, Florea SM, Singh VP, Song W, Lam CK, Wang Y, Yuan Q, Pritchard TJ, Cai W, Haghighi K, Rodriguez P, Wang HS, Sanoudou D, Fan GC, Kranias EG. Small heat shock protein 20 interacts with protein phosphatase-1 and enhances sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium cycling. Circ Res 2011; 108:1429-38. [PMID: 21493896 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.110.237644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heat shock proteins (Hsp) are known to enhance cell survival under various stress conditions. In the heart, the small Hsp20 has emerged as a key mediator of protection against apoptosis, remodeling, and ischemia/reperfusion injury. Moreover, Hsp20 has been implicated in modulation of cardiac contractility ex vivo. The objective of this study was to determine the in vivo role of Hsp20 in the heart and the mechanisms underlying its regulatory effects in calcium (Ca) cycling. METHODS AND RESULTS Hsp20 overexpression in intact animals resulted in significant enhancement of cardiac function, coupled with augmented Ca cycling and sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca load in isolated cardiomyocytes. This was associated with specific increases in phosphorylation of phospholamban (PLN) at both Ser16 and Thr17, relieving its inhibition of the apparent Ca affinity of SERCA2a. Accordingly, the inotropic effects of Hsp20 were abrogated in cardiomyocytes expressing nonphosphorylatable PLN (S16A/T17A). Interestingly, the activity of type 1 protein phosphatase (PP1), a known regulator of PLN signaling, was significantly reduced by Hsp20 overexpression, suggesting that the Hsp20 stimulatory effects are partially mediated through the PP1-PLN axis. This hypothesis was supported by cell fractionation, coimmunoprecipitation, and coimmunolocalization studies, which revealed an association between Hsp20, PP1, and PLN. Furthermore, recombinant protein studies confirmed a physical interaction between AA 73 to 160 in Hsp20 and AA 163 to 330 in PP1. CONCLUSIONS Hsp20 is a novel regulator of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca cycling by targeting the PP1-PLN axis. These findings, coupled with the well-recognized cardioprotective role of Hsp20, suggest a dual benefit of targeting Hsp20 in heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Qian
- Department of Pharmacology and Cell Biophysics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0575, USA
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45
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Briston SJ, Caldwell JL, Horn MA, Clarke JD, Richards MA, Greensmith DJ, Graham HK, Hall MCS, Eisner DA, Dibb KM, Trafford AW. Impaired β-adrenergic responsiveness accentuates dysfunctional excitation-contraction coupling in an ovine model of tachypacing-induced heart failure. J Physiol 2011; 589:1367-82. [PMID: 21242250 PMCID: PMC3082097 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2010.203984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2010] [Accepted: 01/10/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Reduced inotropic responsiveness is characteristic of heart failure (HF). This study determined the cellular Ca2+ homeostatic and molecular mechanisms causing the blunted β-adrenergic (β-AR) response in HF.We induced HF by tachypacing in sheep; intracellular Ca2+ concentration was measured in voltage-clamped ventricular myocytes. In HF, Ca2+ transient amplitude and peak L-type Ca2+ current (ICa-L) were reduced (to 70 ± 11% and 50 ± 3.7% of control, respectively, P <0.05) whereas sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ content was unchanged. β-AR stimulation with isoprenaline (ISO) increased Ca2+ transient amplitude, ICa-L and SRCa2+ content in both cell types; however, the response of HF cells was markedly diminished (P <0.05).Western blotting revealed an increase in protein phosphatase levels (PP1, 158 ± 17% and PP2A, 188 ± 34% of control, P <0.05) and reduced phosphorylation of phospholamban in HF (Ser16, 30 ± 10% and Thr17, 41 ± 15% of control, P <0.05). The β-AR receptor kinase GRK-2 was also increased in HF (173 ± 38% of control, P <0.05). In HF, activation of adenylyl cyclase with forskolin rescued the Ca2+ transient, SR Ca2+ content and SR Ca2+ uptake rate to the same levels as control cells in ISO. In conclusion, the reduced responsiveness of the myocardium to β-AR agonists in HF probably arises as a consequence of impaired phosphorylation of key intracellular proteins responsible for regulating the SR Ca2+ content and therefore failure of the systolic Ca2+ transient to increase appropriately during β-AR stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J Briston
- Unit of Cardiac Physiology, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9NT, UK
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Wittköpper K, Dobrev D, Eschenhagen T, El-Armouche A. Phosphatase-1 inhibitor-1 in physiological and pathological β-adrenoceptor signalling. Cardiovasc Res 2011; 91:392-401. [PMID: 21354993 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvr058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Control of protein phosphorylation-dephosphorylation events occurs through regulation of protein kinases and phosphatases. Phosphatase type 1 (PP-1) provides the main activity of serine/threonine protein phosphatases in the heart. Inhibitor-1 (I-1) was the first endogenous molecule found to inhibit PP-1 specifically. Notably, I-1 is activated by cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA), and the subsequent prevention of target dephosphorylation by PP-1 provides distal amplification of β-adrenoceptor (β-AR) signalling. I-1 was found to be down-regulated and hypo-phosphorylated in human and experimental heart failure but hyperactive in human atrial fibrillation, implicating I-1 in the pathogenesis of heart failure and arrhythmias. Consequently, the therapeutic potential of I-1 in heart failure and arrhythmias has recently been addressed by the generation and analysis of several I-1 genetic mouse models. This review summarizes and discusses these data, highlights partially controversial issues on whether I-1 should be therapeutically reinforced or inhibited and suggests future directions to better understand the functional role of I-1 in physiological and pathological β-AR signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Wittköpper
- Department of Pharmacology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg August University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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47
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Age-related regulation of excitation-contraction coupling in rat heart. J Physiol Biochem 2011; 67:317-30. [PMID: 21287310 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-011-0077-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2010] [Accepted: 01/18/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Hearts from subjects with different ages have different Ca(2+) signaling. Release of Ca(2+) from intracellular stores in response to an action potential initiates cardiac contraction. Both depolarization-stimulated and spontaneous Ca(2+) releases, Ca(2+) transients and Ca(2+) sparks, demonstrate the main events of excitation-contraction coupling (ECC). Global increase in free Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)]( i )) consists of summation of Ca(2+) release events in cardiomyocytes. Since the Ca(2+) flux induced by Ca(2+) sparks reports a summation of ryanodine-sensitive Ca(2+) release channels (RyR2s)'s behavior in a spark cluster, evaluation of the properties of Ca(2+) sparks and Ca(2+) transients may provide insight into the role of RyR2s on altered heart function between 3-month-old (young adult) and 6-month-old (mature adult) rats. Basal [Ca(2+)]( i ) and Ca(2+) sparks frequency were significantly higher in mature adult rats compared to those of young adults. Moreover, amplitudes of Ca(2+) sparks and Ca(2+) transients were significantly smaller in mature adults than those of young adults with longer time courses. A smaller L-type Ca(2+) current density and decreased SR Ca(2+) load was observed in mature adult rats. In addition, RyR2s were markedly hyperphosphorylated, and phosphorylation levels of PKA and CaMKII were higher in heart from mature adults compared to those of young adults, whereas their SERCA protein levels were similar. Our data demonstrate that hearts from rats with different ages have different Ca(2+) signaling including hyperphosphorylation of RyR2s and higher basal [Ca(2+)]( i ) together with increased oxidized protein-thiols in mature adult rats compared to those of young adults, which play important roles in ECC. Finally, we report that ECC efficiency changes with age during maturation, partially related with an increased cellular oxidation level leading to reduced free protein-thiols in cardiomyocytes.
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48
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Völkers M, Weidenhammer C, Herzog N, Qiu G, Spaich K, Wegner FV, Peppel K, Müller OJ, Schinkel S, Rabinowitz JE, Hippe HJ, Brinks H, Katus HA, Koch WJ, Eckhart AD, Friedrich O, Most P. The inotropic peptide βARKct improves βAR responsiveness in normal and failing cardiomyocytes through G(βγ)-mediated L-type calcium current disinhibition. Circ Res 2011; 108:27-39. [PMID: 21106943 PMCID: PMC4013502 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.110.225201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2009] [Accepted: 11/15/2010] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE The G(βγ)-sequestering peptide β-adrenergic receptor kinase (βARK)ct derived from the G-protein-coupled receptor kinase (GRK)2 carboxyl terminus has emerged as a promising target for gene-based heart failure therapy. Enhanced downstream cAMP signaling has been proposed as the underlying mechanism for increased β-adrenergic receptor (βAR) responsiveness. However, molecular targets mediating improved cardiac contractile performance by βARKct and its impact on G(βγ)-mediated signaling have yet to be fully elucidated. OBJECTIVE We sought to identify G(βγ)-regulated targets and signaling mechanisms conveying βARKct-mediated enhanced βAR responsiveness in normal (NC) and failing (FC) adult rat ventricular cardiomyocytes. METHODS AND RESULTS Assessing viral-based βARKct gene delivery with electrophysiological techniques, analysis of contractile performance, subcellular Ca²(+) handling, and site-specific protein phosphorylation, we demonstrate that βARKct enhances the cardiac L-type Ca²(+) channel (LCC) current (I(Ca)) both in NCs and FCs on βAR stimulation. Mechanistically, βARKct augments I(Ca) by preventing enhanced inhibitory interaction between the α1-LCC subunit (Cav1.2α) and liberated G(βγ) subunits downstream of activated βARs. Despite improved βAR contractile responsiveness, βARKct neither increased nor restored cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) and calmodulin-dependent kinase II signaling including unchanged protein kinase (PK)Cε, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2, Akt, ERK5, and p38 activation both in NCs and FCs. Accordingly, although βARKct significantly increases I(Ca) and Ca²(+) transients, being susceptible to suppression by recombinant G(βγ) protein and use-dependent LCC blocker, βARKct-expressing cardiomyocytes exhibit equal basal and βAR-stimulated sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca²(+) load, spontaneous diastolic Ca²(+) leakage, and survival rates and were less susceptible to field-stimulated Ca²(+) waves compared with controls. CONCLUSION Our study identifies a G(βγ)-dependent signaling pathway attenuating cardiomyocyte I(Ca) on βAR as molecular target for the G(βγ)-sequestering peptide βARKct. Targeted interruption of this inhibitory signaling pathway by βARKct confers improved βAR contractile responsiveness through increased I(Ca) without enhancing regular or restoring abnormal cAMP-signaling. βARKct-mediated improvement of I(Ca) rendered cardiomyocytes neither susceptible to βAR-induced damage nor arrhythmogenic sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca²(+) leakage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirko Völkers
- Center for Molecular and Translational Cardiology (M.V, C.W., N.H., K.S., P.M.), Department of Internal Medicine III (O.J.M, S.S., H.J.H., H.A.K.), Division of Cardiology, INF 350, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology (F.W., O.F.) Medical Biophysics, INF 326, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; George Zallie & Family Laboratory for Cardiovascular Gene Therapy (J.E.R., H.B., W.J.K.), Eugene Feiner Laboratory for Vascular Biology and Thrombosis (A.D.E.), Laboratory for Cardiac Stem Cell and Gene Therapy (G.Q., K.P., P.M.), Center for Translational Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, 19107 Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Christian Weidenhammer
- Center for Molecular and Translational Cardiology (M.V, C.W., N.H., K.S., P.M.), Department of Internal Medicine III (O.J.M, S.S., H.J.H., H.A.K.), Division of Cardiology, INF 350, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology (F.W., O.F.) Medical Biophysics, INF 326, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; George Zallie & Family Laboratory for Cardiovascular Gene Therapy (J.E.R., H.B., W.J.K.), Eugene Feiner Laboratory for Vascular Biology and Thrombosis (A.D.E.), Laboratory for Cardiac Stem Cell and Gene Therapy (G.Q., K.P., P.M.), Center for Translational Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, 19107 Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Nicole Herzog
- Center for Molecular and Translational Cardiology (M.V, C.W., N.H., K.S., P.M.), Department of Internal Medicine III (O.J.M, S.S., H.J.H., H.A.K.), Division of Cardiology, INF 350, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology (F.W., O.F.) Medical Biophysics, INF 326, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; George Zallie & Family Laboratory for Cardiovascular Gene Therapy (J.E.R., H.B., W.J.K.), Eugene Feiner Laboratory for Vascular Biology and Thrombosis (A.D.E.), Laboratory for Cardiac Stem Cell and Gene Therapy (G.Q., K.P., P.M.), Center for Translational Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, 19107 Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Gang Qiu
- Center for Molecular and Translational Cardiology (M.V, C.W., N.H., K.S., P.M.), Department of Internal Medicine III (O.J.M, S.S., H.J.H., H.A.K.), Division of Cardiology, INF 350, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology (F.W., O.F.) Medical Biophysics, INF 326, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; George Zallie & Family Laboratory for Cardiovascular Gene Therapy (J.E.R., H.B., W.J.K.), Eugene Feiner Laboratory for Vascular Biology and Thrombosis (A.D.E.), Laboratory for Cardiac Stem Cell and Gene Therapy (G.Q., K.P., P.M.), Center for Translational Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, 19107 Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kristin Spaich
- Center for Molecular and Translational Cardiology (M.V, C.W., N.H., K.S., P.M.), Department of Internal Medicine III (O.J.M, S.S., H.J.H., H.A.K.), Division of Cardiology, INF 350, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology (F.W., O.F.) Medical Biophysics, INF 326, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; George Zallie & Family Laboratory for Cardiovascular Gene Therapy (J.E.R., H.B., W.J.K.), Eugene Feiner Laboratory for Vascular Biology and Thrombosis (A.D.E.), Laboratory for Cardiac Stem Cell and Gene Therapy (G.Q., K.P., P.M.), Center for Translational Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, 19107 Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Frederic V Wegner
- Center for Molecular and Translational Cardiology (M.V, C.W., N.H., K.S., P.M.), Department of Internal Medicine III (O.J.M, S.S., H.J.H., H.A.K.), Division of Cardiology, INF 350, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology (F.W., O.F.) Medical Biophysics, INF 326, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; George Zallie & Family Laboratory for Cardiovascular Gene Therapy (J.E.R., H.B., W.J.K.), Eugene Feiner Laboratory for Vascular Biology and Thrombosis (A.D.E.), Laboratory for Cardiac Stem Cell and Gene Therapy (G.Q., K.P., P.M.), Center for Translational Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, 19107 Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Karsten Peppel
- Center for Molecular and Translational Cardiology (M.V, C.W., N.H., K.S., P.M.), Department of Internal Medicine III (O.J.M, S.S., H.J.H., H.A.K.), Division of Cardiology, INF 350, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology (F.W., O.F.) Medical Biophysics, INF 326, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; George Zallie & Family Laboratory for Cardiovascular Gene Therapy (J.E.R., H.B., W.J.K.), Eugene Feiner Laboratory for Vascular Biology and Thrombosis (A.D.E.), Laboratory for Cardiac Stem Cell and Gene Therapy (G.Q., K.P., P.M.), Center for Translational Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, 19107 Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Oliver J Müller
- Center for Molecular and Translational Cardiology (M.V, C.W., N.H., K.S., P.M.), Department of Internal Medicine III (O.J.M, S.S., H.J.H., H.A.K.), Division of Cardiology, INF 350, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology (F.W., O.F.) Medical Biophysics, INF 326, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; George Zallie & Family Laboratory for Cardiovascular Gene Therapy (J.E.R., H.B., W.J.K.), Eugene Feiner Laboratory for Vascular Biology and Thrombosis (A.D.E.), Laboratory for Cardiac Stem Cell and Gene Therapy (G.Q., K.P., P.M.), Center for Translational Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, 19107 Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Stefanie Schinkel
- Center for Molecular and Translational Cardiology (M.V, C.W., N.H., K.S., P.M.), Department of Internal Medicine III (O.J.M, S.S., H.J.H., H.A.K.), Division of Cardiology, INF 350, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology (F.W., O.F.) Medical Biophysics, INF 326, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; George Zallie & Family Laboratory for Cardiovascular Gene Therapy (J.E.R., H.B., W.J.K.), Eugene Feiner Laboratory for Vascular Biology and Thrombosis (A.D.E.), Laboratory for Cardiac Stem Cell and Gene Therapy (G.Q., K.P., P.M.), Center for Translational Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, 19107 Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Joseph E Rabinowitz
- Center for Molecular and Translational Cardiology (M.V, C.W., N.H., K.S., P.M.), Department of Internal Medicine III (O.J.M, S.S., H.J.H., H.A.K.), Division of Cardiology, INF 350, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology (F.W., O.F.) Medical Biophysics, INF 326, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; George Zallie & Family Laboratory for Cardiovascular Gene Therapy (J.E.R., H.B., W.J.K.), Eugene Feiner Laboratory for Vascular Biology and Thrombosis (A.D.E.), Laboratory for Cardiac Stem Cell and Gene Therapy (G.Q., K.P., P.M.), Center for Translational Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, 19107 Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Hans-Jorg Hippe
- Center for Molecular and Translational Cardiology (M.V, C.W., N.H., K.S., P.M.), Department of Internal Medicine III (O.J.M, S.S., H.J.H., H.A.K.), Division of Cardiology, INF 350, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology (F.W., O.F.) Medical Biophysics, INF 326, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; George Zallie & Family Laboratory for Cardiovascular Gene Therapy (J.E.R., H.B., W.J.K.), Eugene Feiner Laboratory for Vascular Biology and Thrombosis (A.D.E.), Laboratory for Cardiac Stem Cell and Gene Therapy (G.Q., K.P., P.M.), Center for Translational Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, 19107 Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Henriette Brinks
- Center for Molecular and Translational Cardiology (M.V, C.W., N.H., K.S., P.M.), Department of Internal Medicine III (O.J.M, S.S., H.J.H., H.A.K.), Division of Cardiology, INF 350, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology (F.W., O.F.) Medical Biophysics, INF 326, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; George Zallie & Family Laboratory for Cardiovascular Gene Therapy (J.E.R., H.B., W.J.K.), Eugene Feiner Laboratory for Vascular Biology and Thrombosis (A.D.E.), Laboratory for Cardiac Stem Cell and Gene Therapy (G.Q., K.P., P.M.), Center for Translational Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, 19107 Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Hugo A Katus
- Center for Molecular and Translational Cardiology (M.V, C.W., N.H., K.S., P.M.), Department of Internal Medicine III (O.J.M, S.S., H.J.H., H.A.K.), Division of Cardiology, INF 350, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology (F.W., O.F.) Medical Biophysics, INF 326, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; George Zallie & Family Laboratory for Cardiovascular Gene Therapy (J.E.R., H.B., W.J.K.), Eugene Feiner Laboratory for Vascular Biology and Thrombosis (A.D.E.), Laboratory for Cardiac Stem Cell and Gene Therapy (G.Q., K.P., P.M.), Center for Translational Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, 19107 Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Walter J Koch
- Center for Molecular and Translational Cardiology (M.V, C.W., N.H., K.S., P.M.), Department of Internal Medicine III (O.J.M, S.S., H.J.H., H.A.K.), Division of Cardiology, INF 350, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology (F.W., O.F.) Medical Biophysics, INF 326, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; George Zallie & Family Laboratory for Cardiovascular Gene Therapy (J.E.R., H.B., W.J.K.), Eugene Feiner Laboratory for Vascular Biology and Thrombosis (A.D.E.), Laboratory for Cardiac Stem Cell and Gene Therapy (G.Q., K.P., P.M.), Center for Translational Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, 19107 Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Andrea D Eckhart
- Center for Molecular and Translational Cardiology (M.V, C.W., N.H., K.S., P.M.), Department of Internal Medicine III (O.J.M, S.S., H.J.H., H.A.K.), Division of Cardiology, INF 350, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology (F.W., O.F.) Medical Biophysics, INF 326, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; George Zallie & Family Laboratory for Cardiovascular Gene Therapy (J.E.R., H.B., W.J.K.), Eugene Feiner Laboratory for Vascular Biology and Thrombosis (A.D.E.), Laboratory for Cardiac Stem Cell and Gene Therapy (G.Q., K.P., P.M.), Center for Translational Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, 19107 Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Oliver Friedrich
- Center for Molecular and Translational Cardiology (M.V, C.W., N.H., K.S., P.M.), Department of Internal Medicine III (O.J.M, S.S., H.J.H., H.A.K.), Division of Cardiology, INF 350, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology (F.W., O.F.) Medical Biophysics, INF 326, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; George Zallie & Family Laboratory for Cardiovascular Gene Therapy (J.E.R., H.B., W.J.K.), Eugene Feiner Laboratory for Vascular Biology and Thrombosis (A.D.E.), Laboratory for Cardiac Stem Cell and Gene Therapy (G.Q., K.P., P.M.), Center for Translational Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, 19107 Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Patrick Most
- Center for Molecular and Translational Cardiology (M.V, C.W., N.H., K.S., P.M.), Department of Internal Medicine III (O.J.M, S.S., H.J.H., H.A.K.), Division of Cardiology, INF 350, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology (F.W., O.F.) Medical Biophysics, INF 326, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; George Zallie & Family Laboratory for Cardiovascular Gene Therapy (J.E.R., H.B., W.J.K.), Eugene Feiner Laboratory for Vascular Biology and Thrombosis (A.D.E.), Laboratory for Cardiac Stem Cell and Gene Therapy (G.Q., K.P., P.M.), Center for Translational Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, 19107 Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Eschenhagen T. Is ryanodine receptor phosphorylation key to the fight or flight response and heart failure? J Clin Invest 2010; 120:4197-203. [PMID: 21099119 DOI: 10.1172/jci45251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
In situations of stress the heart beats faster and stronger. According to Marks and colleagues, this response is, to a large extent, the consequence of facilitated Ca²+ release from intracellular Ca²+ stores via ryanodine receptor 2 (RyR2), thought to be due to catecholamine-induced increases in RyR2 phosphorylation at serine 2808 (S2808). If catecholamine stimulation is sustained (for example, as occurs in heart failure), RyR2 becomes hyperphosphorylated and "leaky," leading to arrhythmias and other pathology. This "leaky RyR2 hypothesis" is highly controversial. In this issue of the JCI, Marks and colleagues report on two new mouse lines with mutations in S2808 that provide strong evidence supporting their theory. Moreover, the experiments revealed an influence of redox modifications of RyR2 that may account for some discrepancies in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Eschenhagen
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
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50
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Dobrev D, Voigt N, Wehrens XHT. The ryanodine receptor channel as a molecular motif in atrial fibrillation: pathophysiological and therapeutic implications. Cardiovasc Res 2010; 89:734-43. [PMID: 20943673 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvq324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia and is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. It causes profound changes in sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca(2+) homeostasis, including ryanodine receptor channel dysfunction and diastolic SR Ca(2+) leak, which might contribute to both decreased contractile function and increased propensity to atrial arrhythmias. In this review, we will focus on the molecular basis of ryanodine receptor channel dysfunction and enhanced diastolic SR Ca(2+) leak in AF. The potential relevance of increased incidence of spontaneous SR Ca(2+) release for both AF induction and/or maintenance and the development of novel mechanism-based therapeutic approaches will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dobromir Dobrev
- Division of Experimental Cardiology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
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