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Liu H, Dang R, Zhang W, Hong J, Li X. SNARE proteins: Core engines of membrane fusion in cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2024:189148. [PMID: 38960006 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2024.189148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 06/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Vesicles are loaded with a variety of cargoes, including membrane proteins, secreted proteins, signaling molecules, and various enzymes, etc. Not surprisingly, vesicle transport is essential for proper cellular life activities including growth, division, movement and cellular communication. Soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptors (SNAREs) mediate membrane fusion of vesicles with their target compartments that is fundamental for cargo delivery. Recent studies have shown that multiple SNARE family members are aberrantly expressed in human cancers and actively contribute to malignant proliferation, invasion, metastasis, immune evasion and treatment resistance. Here, the localization and function of SNARE proteins in eukaryotic cells are firstly mapped. Then we summarize the expression and regulation of SNAREs in cancer, and describe their contribution to cancer progression and mechanisms, and finally we propose engineering botulinum toxin as a strategy to target SNAREs for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyi Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Brain Tumor Research, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ruiyue Dang
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Brain Tumor Research, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jidong Hong
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
| | - Xuejun Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Brain Tumor Research, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
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2
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Norris AC, Mansueto AJ, Jimenez M, Yazlovitskaya EM, Jain BK, Graham TR. Flipping the script: Advances in understanding how and why P4-ATPases flip lipid across membranes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2024; 1871:119700. [PMID: 38382846 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2024.119700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Type IV P-type ATPases (P4-ATPases) are a family of transmembrane enzymes that translocate lipid substrates from the outer to the inner leaflet of biological membranes and thus create an asymmetrical distribution of lipids within membranes. On the cellular level, this asymmetry is essential for maintaining the integrity and functionality of biological membranes, creating platforms for signaling events and facilitating vesicular trafficking. On the organismal level, this asymmetry has been shown to be important in maintaining blood homeostasis, liver metabolism, neural development, and the immune response. Indeed, dysregulation of P4-ATPases has been linked to several diseases; including anemia, cholestasis, neurological disease, and several cancers. This review will discuss the evolutionary transition of P4-ATPases from cation pumps to lipid flippases, the new lipid substrates that have been discovered, the significant advances that have been achieved in recent years regarding the structural mechanisms underlying the recognition and flipping of specific lipids across biological membranes, and the consequences of P4-ATPase dysfunction on cellular and physiological functions. Additionally, we emphasize the requirement for additional research to comprehensively understand the involvement of flippases in cellular physiology and disease and to explore their potential as targets for therapeutics in treating a variety of illnesses. The discussion in this review will primarily focus on the budding yeast, C. elegans, and mammalian P4-ATPases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana C Norris
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Mariana Jimenez
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Bhawik K Jain
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Todd R Graham
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
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3
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Yazlovitskaya EM, Graham TR. Type IV P-Type ATPases: Recent Updates in Cancer Development, Progression, and Treatment. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4327. [PMID: 37686603 PMCID: PMC10486736 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15174327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Adaptations of cancer cells for survival are remarkable. One of the most significant properties of cancer cells to prevent the immune system response and resist chemotherapy is the altered lipid metabolism and resulting irregular cell membrane composition. The phospholipid distribution in the plasma membrane of normal animal cells is distinctly asymmetric. Lipid flippases are a family of enzymes regulating membrane asymmetry, and the main class of flippases are type IV P-type ATPases (P4-ATPases). Alteration in the function of flippases results in changes to membrane organization. For some lipids, such as phosphatidylserine, the changes are so drastic that they are considered cancer biomarkers. This review will analyze and discuss recent publications highlighting the role that P4-ATPases play in the development and progression of various cancer types, as well as prospects of targeting P4-ATPases for anti-cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Todd R. Graham
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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4
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Yu WK, Wang YC, Gao Y, Shi CH, Fan Y, Yu LL, Zhao ZC, Li SS, Xu YM, Li YS. Genetic analysis of the ATP11B gene in Chinese Han population with cerebral small vessel disease. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:822. [PMID: 36510145 PMCID: PMC9746074 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-09051-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A loss-of-function mutation in ATPase phospholipid transporting 11-B (putative) (ATP11B) gene causing cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) in vivo, and a single intronic nucleotide polymorphism in ATP11B: rs148771930 that was associated with white matter hyperintensities burden in European patients with SVD, was recently identified. Our results suggest that ATP11B may not play an essential role in SVD in the Chinese population. RESULTS We performed target region sequencing including ATP11B gene in 182 patients with sporadic SVD, and identified five rare variants and two novel variants of ATP11B. A case-control study was then performed in 524 patients and matched 550 controls to investigate the relationship between ATP11B and sporadic SVD in the Chinese Han population. Although none of these variants were significantly associated with SVD in our samples, it is important to mention that we identified a novel variant, p. G238W, which was predicted to be pathogenic in silico. This variant was present in our cohort of patients with an extremely low frequency and was absent in the controls. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that ATP11B may not play an essential role in SVD in the Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Kai Yu
- grid.207374.50000 0001 2189 3846Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan China
| | - Yun-Chao Wang
- grid.207374.50000 0001 2189 3846Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan China
| | - Yuan Gao
- grid.207374.50000 0001 2189 3846Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan China
| | - Chang-He Shi
- grid.207374.50000 0001 2189 3846Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan China
| | - Yu Fan
- grid.207374.50000 0001 2189 3846Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan China
| | - Lu-Lu Yu
- grid.207374.50000 0001 2189 3846Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan China
| | - Zi-Chen Zhao
- grid.207374.50000 0001 2189 3846Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan China
| | - Shan-Shan Li
- grid.207374.50000 0001 2189 3846Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan China
| | - Yu-Ming Xu
- grid.207374.50000 0001 2189 3846Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan China ,National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, Henan China
| | - Yu-Sheng Li
- grid.207374.50000 0001 2189 3846Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan China
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Jain BK, Wagner AS, Reynolds TB, Graham TR. Lipid Transport by Candida albicans Dnf2 Is Required for Hyphal Growth and Virulence. Infect Immun 2022; 90:e0041622. [PMID: 36214556 PMCID: PMC9670988 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00416-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans is a common cause of human mucosal yeast infections, and invasive candidiasis can be fatal. Antifungal medications are limited, but those targeting the pathogen cell wall or plasma membrane have been effective. Therefore, virulence factors controlling membrane biogenesis are potential targets for drug development. P4-ATPases contribute to membrane biogenesis by selecting and transporting specific lipids from the extracellular leaflet to the cytoplasmic leaflet of the bilayer to generate lipid asymmetry. A subset of heterodimeric P4-ATPases, including Dnf1-Lem3 and Dnf2-Lem3 from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, transport phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), and the sphingolipid glucosylceramide (GlcCer). GlcCer is a critical lipid for Candida albicans polarized growth and virulence, but the role of GlcCer transporters in virulence has not been explored. Here, we show that the Candida albicans Dnf2 (CaDnf2) requires association with CaLem3 to form a functional transporter and flip fluorescent derivatives of GlcCer, PC, and PE across the plasma membrane. Mutation of conserved substrate-selective residues in the membrane domain strongly abrogates GlcCer transport and partially disrupts PC transport by CaDnf2. Candida strains harboring dnf2-null alleles (dnf2ΔΔ) or point mutations that disrupt substrate recognition exhibit defects in yeast-to-hypha growth transition, filamentous growth, and virulence in systemically infected mice. The influence of CaDNF1 deletion on the morphological phenotypes is negligible, although the dnf1ΔΔ dnf2ΔΔ strain was less virulent than the dnf2ΔΔ strain. These results indicate that the transport of GlcCer and/or PC by plasma membrane P4-ATPases is important for the pathogenicity of Candida albicans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhawik K. Jain
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Andrew S. Wagner
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Todd B. Reynolds
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Todd R. Graham
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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Liu C, Zhang S, Shi H, Zhou H, Zhuang J, Cao Y, Ward N, Wang J. Atp11b Deletion Affects the Gut Microbiota and Accelerates Brain Aging in Mice. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12060709. [PMID: 35741595 PMCID: PMC9221138 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12060709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The microbiota-gut-brain axis has attracted significant attention with respect to studying the mechanisms of brain aging; however, the specific connection between gut microbiota and aging remains unclear. The abnormal expression and mutation of proteins belonging to the P4-ATPase family, including Atp11b, results in a variety of neurological diseases. The results of our analysis demonstrate that there was a shift in the abundance of certain gut microbiota in Atp11b-knockout (KO) mice. Specifically, there was an increase in pro-inflammatory bacteria that accelerate aging and a decrease in probiotics that delay aging. Consequently, an enhanced oxidative stress response was observed, which was characterized by a reduction in the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and an increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. In addition, our data demonstrate that there was a decrease in the number of cells in the dentate gyrus (DG) region of the hippocampus, and aggravation of aging-related pathological features such as senescence β-galactosidase (SA-β-Gal), p-HistoneH2AX (Ser139), and p16INK4. Moreover, KO mice show typical aging-associated behavior, such as memory impairment and slow pain perception. Taken together, we demonstrate a possible mechanism of aging induced by gut microbiota in Atp11b-KO mice, which provides a novel perspective for the treatment of aging through the microbiota-gut-brain axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuiping Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular Neural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; (C.L.); (S.Z.); (H.S.); (H.Z.); (J.Z.); (Y.C.)
| | - Shibo Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Neural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; (C.L.); (S.Z.); (H.S.); (H.Z.); (J.Z.); (Y.C.)
| | - Hongwei Shi
- Laboratory of Molecular Neural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; (C.L.); (S.Z.); (H.S.); (H.Z.); (J.Z.); (Y.C.)
| | - Haicong Zhou
- Laboratory of Molecular Neural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; (C.L.); (S.Z.); (H.S.); (H.Z.); (J.Z.); (Y.C.)
| | - Junyi Zhuang
- Laboratory of Molecular Neural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; (C.L.); (S.Z.); (H.S.); (H.Z.); (J.Z.); (Y.C.)
| | - Yiyang Cao
- Laboratory of Molecular Neural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; (C.L.); (S.Z.); (H.S.); (H.Z.); (J.Z.); (Y.C.)
| | - Natalie Ward
- Banner Ocotillo Medical Center, 1405 S Alma School Rd, Chandler, AZ 85286, USA;
| | - Jiao Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Neural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; (C.L.); (S.Z.); (H.S.); (H.Z.); (J.Z.); (Y.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +86-21-66-132-512
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7
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Bajaj R, Warner AN, Fradette JF, Gibbons DL. Dance of The Golgi: Understanding Golgi Dynamics in Cancer Metastasis. Cells 2022; 11:1484. [PMID: 35563790 PMCID: PMC9102947 DOI: 10.3390/cells11091484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The Golgi apparatus is at the center of protein processing and trafficking in normal cells. Under pathological conditions, such as in cancer, aberrant Golgi dynamics alter the tumor microenvironment and the immune landscape, which enhances the invasive and metastatic potential of cancer cells. Among these changes in the Golgi in cancer include altered Golgi orientation and morphology that contribute to atypical Golgi function in protein trafficking, post-translational modification, and exocytosis. Golgi-associated gene mutations are ubiquitous across most cancers and are responsible for modifying Golgi function to become pro-metastatic. The pharmacological targeting of the Golgi or its associated genes has been difficult in the clinic; thus, studying the Golgi and its role in cancer is critical to developing novel therapeutic agents that limit cancer progression and metastasis. In this review, we aim to discuss how disrupted Golgi function in cancer cells promotes invasion and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakhee Bajaj
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (R.B.); (A.N.W.); (J.F.F.)
- UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Amanda N. Warner
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (R.B.); (A.N.W.); (J.F.F.)
- UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jared F. Fradette
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (R.B.); (A.N.W.); (J.F.F.)
| | - Don L. Gibbons
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (R.B.); (A.N.W.); (J.F.F.)
- UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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8
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Tang T, Huang X, Zhang G, Lu M, Hong Z, Wang M, Huang J, Zhi X, Liang T. Oncolytic peptide LTX-315 induces anti-pancreatic cancer immunity by targeting the ATP11B-PD-L1 axis. J Immunother Cancer 2022; 10:jitc-2021-004129. [PMID: 35288467 PMCID: PMC8921947 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-004129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background LTX-315 is an oncolytic peptide deriving from bovine lactoferrin, with the ability to induce cancer immunogenic cell death. However, the mechanism used by LTX-315 to trigger the antitumor immune response is still poorly understood. The expression of programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) largely determines the efficacy and effectiveness of cancer immunotherapies targeting this specific immune checkpoint. This study aimed to demonstrate the potential effect and mechanism of LTX-315 in PD-L1 inhibition-induced anti-pancreatic cancer immunity. Methods Both immunodeficient and immunocompetent mouse models were used to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of monotherapy and combination therapy. Flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry were used to assess the immune microenvironment. Multiomic analysis was used to identify the potential target and down-streaming signaling pathway. Both in-house tissue microarray and open accessed The Cancer Genome Atlas data sets were used to evaluate the clinical relevance in pancreatic cancer prognosis. Results LTX-315 treatment inhibited PD-L1 expression and enhanced lymphocyte infiltration in pancreatic tumors. ATP11B was identified as a potential target of LTX-315 and a critical regulator in maintaining PD-L1 expression in pancreatic cancer cells. As regards the mechanism, ATP11B interacted with PD-L1 in a CKLF-like MARVEL transmembrane domain containing 6 (CMTM6)-dependent manner. The depletion of ATP11B promoted CMTM6-mediated lysosomal degradation of PD-L1, thus reactivating the immune microenvironment and inducing an antitumor immune response. The significant correlation among ATP11B, CMTM6, and PD-L1 was confirmed in clinical samples of pancreatic cancer. Conclusions LTX-315 was first identified as a peptide drug inducing PD-L1 downregulation via ATP11B. Therefore, LTX-315, or the development of ATP11B-targeting drugs, might improve the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Tang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Zhejiang Clinical Research Center of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,The Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing Huang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China .,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Zhejiang Clinical Research Center of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,The Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Zhejiang Clinical Research Center of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,The Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Minghao Lu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Zhejiang Clinical Research Center of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,The Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengtao Hong
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Zhejiang Clinical Research Center of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,The Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Zhejiang Clinical Research Center of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,The Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Junming Huang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Zhejiang Clinical Research Center of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,The Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Zhi
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Zhejiang Clinical Research Center of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,The Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingbo Liang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China .,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Zhejiang Clinical Research Center of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,The Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
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9
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Wardlaw JM, Benveniste H, Williams A. Cerebral Vascular Dysfunctions Detected in Human Small Vessel Disease and Implications for Preclinical Studies. Annu Rev Physiol 2022; 84:409-434. [PMID: 34699267 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-060821-014521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) is highly prevalent and a common cause of ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke and dementia, yet the pathophysiology is poorly understood. Its clinical expression is highly varied, and prognostic implications are frequently overlooked in clinics; thus, treatment is currently confined to vascular risk factor management. Traditionally, SVD is considered the small vessel equivalent of large artery stroke (occlusion, rupture), but data emerging from human neuroimaging and genetic studies refute this, instead showing microvessel endothelial dysfunction impacting on cell-cell interactions and leading to brain damage. These dysfunctions reflect defects that appear to be inherited and secondary to environmental exposures, including vascular risk factors. Interrogation in preclinical models shows consistent and converging molecular and cellular interactions across the endothelial-glial-neural unit that increasingly explain the human macroscopic observations and identify common patterns of pathology despite different triggers. Importantly, these insights may offer new targets for therapeutic intervention focused on restoring endothelial-glial physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna M Wardlaw
- Division of Neuroimaging Sciences, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences; UK Dementia Research Institute; and Edinburgh Imaging, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom;
| | - Helene Benveniste
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Anna Williams
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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10
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Rabelo-Fernández RJ, Santiago-Sánchez GS, Sharma RK, Roche-Lima A, Carrion KC, Rivera RAN, Quiñones-Díaz BI, Rajasekaran S, Siddiqui J, Miles W, Rivera YS, Valiyeva F, Vivas-Mejia PE. Reduced RBPMS Levels Promote Cell Proliferation and Decrease Cisplatin Sensitivity in Ovarian Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:535. [PMID: 35008958 PMCID: PMC8745614 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Worldwide, the number of cancer-related deaths continues to increase due to the ability of cancer cells to become chemotherapy-resistant and metastasize. For women with ovarian cancer, a staggering 70% will become resistant to the front-line therapy, cisplatin. Although many mechanisms of cisplatin resistance have been proposed, the key mechanisms of such resistance remain elusive. The RNA binding protein with multiple splicing (RBPMS) binds to nascent RNA transcripts and regulates splicing, transport, localization, and stability. Evidence indicates that RBPMS also binds to protein members of the AP-1 transcription factor complex repressing its activity. Until now, little has been known about the biological function of RBPMS in ovarian cancer. Accordingly, we interrogated available Internet databases and found that ovarian cancer patients with high RBPMS levels live longer compared to patients with low RBPMS levels. Similarly, immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis in a tissue array of ovarian cancer patient samples showed that serous ovarian cancer tissues showed weaker RBPMS staining when compared with normal ovarian tissues. We generated clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-mediated RBPMS knockout vectors that were stably transfected in the high-grade serous ovarian cancer cell line, OVCAR3. The knockout of RBPMS in these cells was confirmed via bioinformatics analysis, real-time PCR, and Western blot analysis. We found that the RBPMS knockout clones grew faster and had increased invasiveness than the control CRISPR clones. RBPMS knockout also reduced the sensitivity of the OVCAR3 cells to cisplatin treatment. Moreover, β-galactosidase (β-Gal) measurements showed that RBPMS knockdown induced senescence in ovarian cancer cells. We performed RNAseq in the RBPMS knockout clones and identified several downstream-RBPMS transcripts, including non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) and protein-coding genes associated with alteration of the tumor microenvironment as well as those with oncogenic or tumor suppressor capabilities. Moreover, proteomic studies confirmed that RBPMS regulates the expression of proteins involved in cell detoxification, RNA processing, and cytoskeleton network and cell integrity. Interrogation of the Kaplan-Meier (KM) plotter database identified multiple downstream-RBPMS effectors that could be used as prognostic and response-to-therapy biomarkers in ovarian cancer. These studies suggest that RBPMS acts as a tumor suppressor gene and that lower levels of RBPMS promote the cisplatin resistance of ovarian cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J. Rabelo-Fernández
- University of Puerto Rico Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Juan, PR 00935, USA; (R.J.R.-F.); (G.S.S.-S.); (R.K.S.); (R.A.N.R.); (B.I.Q.-D.); (F.V.)
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras Campus, San Juan, PR 00925, USA
| | - Ginette S. Santiago-Sánchez
- University of Puerto Rico Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Juan, PR 00935, USA; (R.J.R.-F.); (G.S.S.-S.); (R.K.S.); (R.A.N.R.); (B.I.Q.-D.); (F.V.)
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, PR 00935, USA
| | - Rohit K. Sharma
- University of Puerto Rico Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Juan, PR 00935, USA; (R.J.R.-F.); (G.S.S.-S.); (R.K.S.); (R.A.N.R.); (B.I.Q.-D.); (F.V.)
| | - Abiel Roche-Lima
- Deanship of Research, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, PR 00935, USA; (A.R.-L.); (K.C.C.)
| | - Kelvin Carrasquillo Carrion
- Deanship of Research, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, PR 00935, USA; (A.R.-L.); (K.C.C.)
| | - Ricardo A. Noriega Rivera
- University of Puerto Rico Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Juan, PR 00935, USA; (R.J.R.-F.); (G.S.S.-S.); (R.K.S.); (R.A.N.R.); (B.I.Q.-D.); (F.V.)
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, PR 00935, USA
| | - Blanca I. Quiñones-Díaz
- University of Puerto Rico Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Juan, PR 00935, USA; (R.J.R.-F.); (G.S.S.-S.); (R.K.S.); (R.A.N.R.); (B.I.Q.-D.); (F.V.)
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, PR 00935, USA
| | - Swetha Rajasekaran
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (S.R.); (J.S.); (W.M.)
| | - Jalal Siddiqui
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (S.R.); (J.S.); (W.M.)
| | - Wayne Miles
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (S.R.); (J.S.); (W.M.)
| | - Yasmarie Santana Rivera
- School of Dentistry, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, PR 00935, USA;
| | - Fatima Valiyeva
- University of Puerto Rico Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Juan, PR 00935, USA; (R.J.R.-F.); (G.S.S.-S.); (R.K.S.); (R.A.N.R.); (B.I.Q.-D.); (F.V.)
| | - Pablo E. Vivas-Mejia
- University of Puerto Rico Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Juan, PR 00935, USA; (R.J.R.-F.); (G.S.S.-S.); (R.K.S.); (R.A.N.R.); (B.I.Q.-D.); (F.V.)
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, PR 00935, USA
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11
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Pan C, Kang J, Hwang JS, Li J, Boese AC, Wang X, Yang L, Boggon TJ, Chen GZ, Saba NF, Shin DM, Magliocca KR, Jin L, Kang S. Cisplatin-mediated activation of glucocorticoid receptor induces platinum resistance via MAST1. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4960. [PMID: 34400618 PMCID: PMC8368102 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24845-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Agonists of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) are frequently given to cancer patients with platinum-containing chemotherapy to reduce inflammation, but how GR influences tumor growth in response to platinum-based chemotherapy such as cisplatin through inflammation-independent signaling remains largely unclear. Combined genomics and transcription factor profiling reveal that MAST1, a critical platinum resistance factor that reprograms the MAPK pathway, is upregulated upon cisplatin exposure through activated transcription factor GR. Mechanistically, cisplatin binds to C622 in GR and recruits GR to the nucleus for its activation, which induces MAST1 expression and consequently reactivates MEK signaling. GR nuclear translocation and MAST1 upregulation coordinately occur in patient tumors collected after platinum treatment, and align with patient treatment resistance. Co-treatment with dexamethasone and cisplatin restores cisplatin-resistant tumor growth, whereas addition of the MAST1 inhibitor lestaurtinib abrogates tumor growth while preserving the inhibitory effect of dexamethasone on inflammation in vivo. These findings not only provide insights into the underlying mechanism of GR in cisplatin resistance but also offer an effective alternative therapeutic strategy to improve the clinical outcome of patients receiving platinum-based chemotherapy with GR agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoyun Pan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - JiHoon Kang
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jung Seok Hwang
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Austin C Boese
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Likun Yang
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Titus J Boggon
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Georgia Z Chen
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Nabil F Saba
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Dong M Shin
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kelly R Magliocca
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Lingtao Jin
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Florida, College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Sumin Kang
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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12
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The transport mechanism of P4 ATPase lipid flippases. Biochem J 2021; 477:3769-3790. [PMID: 33045059 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20200249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
P4 ATPase lipid flippases are ATP-driven transporters that translocate specific lipids from the exoplasmic to the cytosolic leaflet of biological membranes, thus establishing a lipid gradient between the two leaflets that is essential for many cellular processes. While substrate specificity, subcellular and tissue-specific expression, and physiological functions have been assigned to a number of these transporters in several organisms, the mechanism of lipid transport has been a topic of intense debate in the field. The recent publication of a series of structural models based on X-ray crystallography and cryo-EM studies has provided the first glimpse into how P4 ATPases have adapted the transport mechanism used by the cation-pumping family members to accommodate a substrate that is at least an order of magnitude larger than cations.
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13
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Hong B, Chapa V, Saini U, Modgil P, Cohn DE, He G, Siddik ZH, Sood AK, Yan Y, Selvendiran K, Pei G, Zhao Z, Yoo JY, Kaur B. Oncolytic HSV Therapy Modulates Vesicular Trafficking Inducing Cisplatin Sensitivity and Antitumor Immunity. Clin Cancer Res 2021; 27:542-553. [PMID: 33087329 PMCID: PMC8147278 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-20-2210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Here we investigated the impact of oncolytic herpes simplex virus (HSV) treatment on cisplatin sensitivity of platinum-resistant ovarian cancer, and the impact of the combination on immunotherapy. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Therapeutic efficacy of the combination was assessed in platinum-resistant human and murine ovarian cancer peritoneal metastatic mouse models (n = 9-10/group). RNA sequencing along with flow cytometry of splenocytes from treated mice was employed to examine the effect of antitumor immune response (n = 3/group). Anti-PD-1 antibody was performed to evaluate impact on checkpoint inhibition in vivo. RESULTS Gene Ontology pathway analysis uncovered disruption of cellular extracellular vesicle (EV)-related pathways in infected cells (FDR = 2.97E-57). Mechanistically, we identified reduced expression of transporters expressed on EV implicated in cisplatin efflux. The increased cisplatin retention led to increased cisplatin-DNA adducts, which resulted in micronuclei and the subsequent activation of cGAS-STING pathway with a significant activation of innate immune cells and translated to an increase in antitumor immunity and efficacy. In mice bearing platinum-resistant ovarian cancer, we also observed a feedback induction of PD-L1 on tumor cells, which sensitized combination-treated mice to anti-PD-1 immune checkpoint therapy. CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, this is the first report to show HSV-induced cisplatin retention in infected cells. The consequential increased damaged DNA was then expelled from cells as micronuclei which resulted in induction of inflammatory responses and education of antitumor immunity. The combination therapy also created an environment that sensitized tumors to immune checkpoint therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bangxing Hong
- Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas.
| | - Valerie Chapa
- Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Uksha Saini
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Puneet Modgil
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - David E Cohn
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Guangan He
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Zahid H Siddik
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Anil K Sood
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Yuanqing Yan
- Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Karuppaiyah Selvendiran
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Guangsheng Pei
- Center for Precision Health, School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Zhongming Zhao
- Center for Precision Health, School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
- Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Ji Young Yoo
- Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Balveen Kaur
- Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas.
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14
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Hawkey-Noble A, Umali J, Fowler G, French CR. Expression of three P4-phospholipid flippases-atp11a, atp11b, and atp11c in zebrafish (Danio rerio). Gene Expr Patterns 2020; 36:119115. [PMID: 32344036 DOI: 10.1016/j.gep.2020.119115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Cellular membrane asymmetry is a hallmark characteristic of all eukaryotic cells. The balance of phospholipid composition within the cytoplasmic inner leaflet and the extracellular outer leaflet of the plasma membrane (PM) maintains cellular function and vitality. The proper exposure of particular phospholipids is necessary to maintain cellular signalling, controlled apoptosis, and vesicle transportation among other roles. Phospholipid asymmetry is coordinated by P4-type phospholipid transferases (flippases or ATPases). ATP11A, ATP11B, and ATP11C belong to class VI of the P4-flippase family (vertebrates) and are responsible for the movement of phosphatidylserine (PS) from the outer leaflet to the inner leaflet of the PM. To date, there is a lack of knowledge of the tissue specific expression of these three flippases on a whole-organism level in a vertebrate system. Here we have determined the spatial-temporal expression profiles of each gene in a zebrafish model using in situ hybridization and performed comparative phylogenetic analyses with other vertebrates. Our data reveals sequence similarity between vertebrate flippases and specific synteny of zebrafish and human chromosomes. Both atp11b and atp11c are maternally expressed in zebrafish, while zygotic expression analysis demonstrates tissue and temporal specificity for all three genes. atp11a is expressed in the neural crest cells as well as in the developing eye and ear, while atp11b is expressed early in the ventricular epithelial lining and later in the ear. atp11c is expressed in the anterior most rhombomeres of the hindbrain, pharyngeal arches, and liver. Our expression data suggests that each of the three flippases are integral for the development of specific tissues, and aberrant function of either could lead to visual, hearing, neural, or liver dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexia Hawkey-Noble
- Discipline of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Canada
| | - Jurgienne Umali
- Discipline of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Canada
| | - Gerissa Fowler
- Discipline of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Canada
| | - Curtis R French
- Discipline of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Canada.
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15
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Li J, Pan C, Boese AC, Kang J, Umano AD, Magliocca KR, Yang W, Zhang Y, Lonial S, Jin L, Kang S. DGKA Provides Platinum Resistance in Ovarian Cancer Through Activation of c-JUN-WEE1 Signaling. Clin Cancer Res 2020; 26:3843-3855. [PMID: 32341033 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-19-3790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Although platinum compounds are the first-line treatment for ovarian cancer, the majority of patients relapse and develop resistance to treatment. However, the mechanism underlying resistance is unclear. The goal of our study is to decipher the mechanism by which a metabolic kinase, diacylglycerol kinase alpha (DGKA), confers platinum resistance in ovarian cancer. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Metabolic kinase RNAi synthetic lethal screening was used to identify a cisplatin resistance driver in ovarian cancer. DGKA variants were used to demonstrate the need for DGKA activity in cisplatin resistance. Phospho-proteomic and genomic screens were performed to identify downstream effectors of DGKA. Therapeutic efficacy of targeting DGKA was confirmed and clinical relevance of DGKA signaling was validated using ovarian cancer patient-derived tumors that had different responses to platinum-based therapy. RESULTS We found that platinum resistance was mediated by DGKA and its product, phosphatidic acid (PA), in ovarian cancer. Proteomic and genomic screens revealed that DGKA activates the transcription factor c-JUN and consequently enhances expression of a cell-cycle regulator, WEE1. Mechanistically, PA facilitates c-JUN N-terminal kinase recruitment to c-JUN and its nuclear localization, leading to c-JUN activation upon cisplatin exposure. Pharmacologic inhibition of DGKA sensitized ovarian cancer cells to cisplatin treatment and DGKA-c-JUN-WEE1 signaling positively correlated with platinum resistance in tumors derived from patients with ovarian cancer. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates how the DGKA-derived lipid messenger, PA, contributes to cisplatin resistance by intertwining with kinase and transcription networks, and provides preclinical evidence for targeting DGKA as a new strategy in ovarian cancer treatment to battle cisplatin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia.,Department of Gynecology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chaoyun Pan
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Austin C Boese
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - JiHoon Kang
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Anna D Umano
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Kelly R Magliocca
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Wenqing Yang
- Department of Gynecology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Gynecological Oncology Research and Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Gynecological Oncology Research and Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Sagar Lonial
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Lingtao Jin
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Sumin Kang
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia.
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TMEM30A loss-of-function mutations drive lymphomagenesis and confer therapeutically exploitable vulnerability in B-cell lymphoma. Nat Med 2020; 26:577-588. [PMID: 32094924 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-020-0757-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Transmembrane protein 30A (TMEM30A) maintains the asymmetric distribution of phosphatidylserine, an integral component of the cell membrane and 'eat-me' signal recognized by macrophages. Integrative genomic and transcriptomic analysis of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) from the British Columbia population-based registry uncovered recurrent biallelic TMEM30A loss-of-function mutations, which were associated with a favorable outcome and uniquely observed in DLBCL. Using TMEM30A-knockout systems, increased accumulation of chemotherapy drugs was observed in TMEM30A-knockout cell lines and TMEM30A-mutated primary cells, explaining the improved treatment outcome. Furthermore, we found increased tumor-associated macrophages and an enhanced effect of anti-CD47 blockade limiting tumor growth in TMEM30A-knockout models. By contrast, we show that TMEM30A loss-of-function increases B-cell signaling following antigen stimulation-a mechanism conferring selective advantage during B-cell lymphoma development. Our data highlight a multifaceted role for TMEM30A in B-cell lymphomagenesis, and characterize intrinsic and extrinsic vulnerabilities of cancer cells that can be therapeutically exploited.
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17
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Chen Z, Chai Y, Zhao T, Li P, Zhao L, He F, Lang Y, Qin J, Ju H. Effect of PLK1 inhibition on cisplatin-resistant gastric cancer cells. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:5904-5914. [PMID: 30488440 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to investigate the effect of polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) inhibition on cisplatin (DDP)-resistant gastric cancer (GC) cells. METHODS The transcriptional level of PLK1 was measured by quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. Expressions of PLK1 and its downstream mediators as well as autophagy-related protein LC3 I/LC3 II were detected by western blot. An 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine immunofluorescent staining were conducted to evaluate the cell viability and replication activity separately. Flow cytometry was carried out to determine the cell cycle status. The GFP-LC3 vector contributed toward tracking the formation and aggregation of autophagosomes. RESULTS Drug-resistant SGC-7901/DDP cells showed insignificant changes in all phases after DDP treatment, including DNA replication, cell proliferation, cell cycle, and apoptosis, whereas DDP could significantly improve the autophagy level of SGC-7901/DDP as well as PLK1expression. By downregulating the expression of PLK1, both BI2536 andsi-PLK1 enhanced SGC-7901/DDP sensitivity to DDP, suppressing the proliferation and autophagy as well as improving the apoptosis rate. PLK1 inhibition also resulted in the repression of cell division regulators CDC25C and cyclin B1. CONCLUSION Together, our experimental results illustrated that the DDP resistance of GC cells might be associated with the aberrant overexpression of PLK1. PLK1 inhibition, including si-PLK1 and BI2536 treatment, could restore the chemosensitivity of drug-resistant SGC-7901/DDP cells and enhance the efficacy of DDP, revealing the potential value of PLK1 inhibition in GC chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihao Chen
- Graduate School of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- The Third Department of Surgery, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Yanling Chai
- The Department of Respiratory Medicine, Second Ward, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Ting Zhao
- Graduate School of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Ping Li
- School of Medicine, Kunming University, Kunming, China
| | - Lihua Zhao
- School of Medicine, Kunming University, Kunming, China
| | - Fang He
- School of Medicine, Kunming University, Kunming, China
| | - Yu Lang
- School of Medicine, Kunming University, Kunming, China
| | - Jing Qin
- School of Medicine, Kunming University, Kunming, China
- The Respiratory System Disease Prevention and Control of Public Service Platform of Science and Technology in Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Hongping Ju
- School of Medicine, Kunming University, Kunming, China
- The Respiratory System Disease Prevention and Control of Public Service Platform of Science and Technology in Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
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18
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Li Q, Zhou T, Wu F, Li N, Wang R, Zhao Q, Ma YM, Zhang JQ, Ma BL. Subcellular drug distribution: mechanisms and roles in drug efficacy, toxicity, resistance, and targeted delivery. Drug Metab Rev 2018; 50:430-447. [PMID: 30270675 DOI: 10.1080/03602532.2018.1512614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
After administration, drug molecules usually enter target cells to access their intracellular targets. In eukaryotic cells, these targets are often located in organelles, including the nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, lysosomes, Golgi apparatus, and peroxisomes. Each organelle type possesses unique biological features. For example, mitochondria possess a negative transmembrane potential, while lysosomes have an intraluminal delta pH. Other properties are common to several organelle types, such as the presence of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) or solute carrier-type (SLC) transporters that sequester or pump out xenobiotic drugs. Studies on subcellular drug distribution are critical to understand the efficacy and toxicity of drugs along with the body's resistance to them and to potentially offer hints for targeted subcellular drug delivery. This review summarizes the results of studies from 1990 to 2017 that examined the subcellular distribution of small molecular drugs. We hope this review will aid in the understanding of drug distribution within cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Li
- a Department of Pharmacology , Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Ting Zhou
- a Department of Pharmacology , Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Fei Wu
- b Engineering Research Center of Modern Preparation Technology of TCM of Ministry of Education , Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Na Li
- c Department of Chinese materia medica , School of Pharmacy , Shanghai , China
| | - Rui Wang
- b Engineering Research Center of Modern Preparation Technology of TCM of Ministry of Education , Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Qing Zhao
- a Department of Pharmacology , Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Yue-Ming Ma
- a Department of Pharmacology , Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Ji-Quan Zhang
- b Engineering Research Center of Modern Preparation Technology of TCM of Ministry of Education , Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Bing-Liang Ma
- a Department of Pharmacology , Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Shanghai , China
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19
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VAMP8, a vesicle-SNARE required for RAB37-mediated exocytosis, possesses a tumor metastasis suppressor function. Cancer Lett 2018; 437:79-88. [PMID: 30165196 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
We previously identified a metastasis suppressor RAB37 small GTPase that regulated exocytosis of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 1 (TIMP1) to suppress lung cancer metastasis. Here, we show that vesicle-associated membrane protein 8 (VAMP8), a v-SNARE (vesicle soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor activating protein receptor), interacts with RAB37 and drives the secretion of TIMP1 to inhibit tumor metastases. Confocal and total internal reflection fluorescence microscopic images demonstrated that VAMP8 co-localized with RAB37 and facilitated trafficking of RAB37-TIMP1 vesicles. Reconstitution experiments using tail-vein injection and lung-to-lung metastasis in mice showed that VAMP8 was essential for RAB37-regulated vesicle trafficking of TIMP1 to suppress cancer metastasis. Lung cancer patients with low VAMP8 showed distant metastasis, poor overall survival and progression-free survival. Importantly, multivariate Cox regression analysis indicated that patients with low VAMP8/low RAB37 expression profile showed significantly high risk of death (hazard ratio = 3.42, P < 0.001) even after adjusting for tumor metastasis parameter. Our findings reveal that VAMP8 is a novel v-SNARE crucial for RAB37-mediated exocytic transport of TIMP1 to suppress lung tumor metastasis. VAMP8 possesses a tumor metastasis suppressor function with a prognostic value in lung cancer.
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20
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Jin L, Chun J, Pan C, Li D, Lin R, Alesi GN, Wang X, Kang HB, Song L, Wang D, Zhang G, Fan J, Boggon TJ, Zhou L, Kowalski J, Qu CK, Steuer CE, Chen GZ, Saba NF, Boise LH, Owonikoko TK, Khuri FR, Magliocca KR, Shin DM, Lonial S, Kang S. MAST1 Drives Cisplatin Resistance in Human Cancers by Rewiring cRaf-Independent MEK Activation. Cancer Cell 2018; 34:315-330.e7. [PMID: 30033091 PMCID: PMC6092215 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2018.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Platinum-based chemotherapeutics represent a mainstay of cancer therapy, but resistance limits their curative potential. Through a kinome RNAi screen, we identified microtubule-associated serine/threonine kinase 1 (MAST1) as a main driver of cisplatin resistance in human cancers. Mechanistically, cisplatin but no other DNA-damaging agents inhibit the MAPK pathway by dissociating cRaf from MEK1, while MAST1 replaces cRaf to reactivate the MAPK pathway in a cRaf-independent manner. We show clinical evidence that expression of MAST1, both initial and cisplatin-induced, contributes to platinum resistance and worse clinical outcome. Targeting MAST1 with lestaurtinib, a recently identified MAST1 inhibitor, restores cisplatin sensitivity, leading to the synergistic attenuation of cancer cell proliferation and tumor growth in human cancer cells and patient-derived xenograft models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingtao Jin
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Jaemoo Chun
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Chaoyun Pan
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Ruiting Lin
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Gina N Alesi
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Hee-Bum Kang
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Lina Song
- Department of Neuroscience, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA
| | - Dongsheng Wang
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Guojing Zhang
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Jun Fan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Titus J Boggon
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Lu Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jeanne Kowalski
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Emory University School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Cheng-Kui Qu
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Conor E Steuer
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Georgia Z Chen
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Nabil F Saba
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Lawrence H Boise
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Taofeek K Owonikoko
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Fadlo R Khuri
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Kelly R Magliocca
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Dong M Shin
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Sagar Lonial
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Sumin Kang
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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21
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Rajani RM, Quick S, Ruigrok SR, Graham D, Harris SE, Verhaaren BFJ, Fornage M, Seshadri S, Atanur SS, Dominiczak AF, Smith C, Wardlaw JM, Williams A. Reversal of endothelial dysfunction reduces white matter vulnerability in cerebral small vessel disease in rats. Sci Transl Med 2018; 10:10/448/eaam9507. [DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aam9507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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22
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He Y, Zhu Q, Chen M, Huang Q, Wang W, Li Q, Huang Y, Di W. The changing 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of cisplatin: a pilot study on the artifacts of the MTT assay and the precise measurement of density-dependent chemoresistance in ovarian cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 7:70803-70821. [PMID: 27683123 PMCID: PMC5342590 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Inconsistencies in the half-maximal (50%) inhibitory concentration (IC50) data for anticancer chemotherapeutic agents have yielded irreproducible experimental results and thus reciprocally contradictory theories in modern cancer research. The MTT assay is currently the most extensively used method for IC50 measurements. Here, we dissected the critical reasons behind MTT-dependent IC50 inconsistencies. We showed that IC50 errors caused by the technical deficiencies of the MTT assay are large and not adjustable (range: 300-11,000%). To overcome severe MTT artifacts, we developed an unbiased direct IC50 measurement method, the limiting dilution assay. This detection technique led us to the discovery of the inherent density-dependent chemoresistance variation of cancer cells, which is manifold and unpredictable in its forms. The subsequent intracellular signaling pathway analysis indicated that pAkt and p62 expression levels correlated with alterations in the IC50 values for cisplatin in ovarian cancer, providing an explainable mechanism for this property. An in situ pAkt-and-p62-based immunohistochemical (IHCpAkt+p62) scoring system was thereby established. Both the limiting dilution assay and the IHCpAkt+p62 scoring system accurately predicted the primary chemoresistance against cisplatin in ovarian cancer patients. Furthermore, two distinct chemoresistant recurrence patterns were uncovered using these novel detection tools, which were linked to two different forms of density-chemoresistance relationships (positively vs. negatively correlated), respectively. An interpretation was given based on the cancer evolution theory. We concluded that the density-related IC50 uncertainty is a natural property of the cancer cells and that the precise measurement of the density-dependent IC50 spectrum can benefit both basic and clinical cancer research fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifeng He
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China.,Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Qiujing Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncogene and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Mo Chen
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Qihong Huang
- Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Wenjing Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncogene and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncogene and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Yuting Huang
- Children's Research Institute, Children's National Medical Center, Washington DC 20010, USA
| | - Wen Di
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncogene and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
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23
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Lamichhane N, Dewkar GK, Sundaresan G, Wang L, Jose P, Otabashi M, Morelle JL, Farrell N, Zweit J. 18F-Labeled Carboplatin Derivative for PET Imaging of Platinum Drug Distribution. J Nucl Med 2017; 58:1997-2003. [PMID: 28729428 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.117.191965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence indicates that reduced intracellular drug accumulation is the parameter most consistently associated with platinum drug resistance, emphasizing the need to directly measure the intratumor drug concentration. In the era of precision medicine and with the advent of powerful imaging and proteomics technologies, there is an opportunity to better understand drug resistance by exploiting these techniques to provide new knowledge on drug-target interactions. Here, we contribute to this endeavor by reporting on the development of an 18F-labeled carboplatin derivative (18F-FCP) that has the potential to image drug uptake and retention, including intratumoral distribution, by PET. Methods: Fluorinated carboplatin (19F-FCP) was synthesized using 19F-labeled 2-(5-fluoro-pentyl)-2-methyl malonic acid (19F-FPMA) as the labeling agent to coordinate with the cisplatin-aqua complex. It was then used to treat cell lines and compared with cisplatin and carboplatin at different concentrations. Manual radiosynthesis and characterization of 18F-FCP were performed using 18F-FPMA for coordination with the cisplatin-aqua complex. Automated radiosynthesis of 18F-FCP was optimized on the basis of manual synthesis procedures. The stability of 18F-FCP was verified using high-performance liquid chromatography. 18F-FCP was evaluated using ex vivo biodistribution and in vivo PET imaging in non-tumor-bearing animals as well as in KB-3-1 and COLO-205 tumor xenograft-bearing nude mice. Results: In vitro cytotoxicity studies demonstrated that 19F-FCP has an antitumor activity profile similar to that of the parent drug carboplatin. In vivo plasma and urine stability analysis showed intact 18F-FCP at 24 h after injection. PET imaging and biodistribution studies showed fast clearance from blood and major accumulation in the kidneys, indicating substantial renal clearance of 18F-FCP. Using 18F-FCP PET, we could image and identify the intratumor drug profile. Conclusion: Our results demonstrated that 19F-FCP, like carboplatin, retains antitumor activity in various cell lines. 18F-FCP could be a useful imaging tool for measuring the intratumor drug distribution. This strategy of using a new therapeutic carboplatin derivative to quantify and track platinum drugs in tumors using PET has the potential to translate into a clinically useful imaging tool for individual patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narottam Lamichhane
- Center for Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Gajanan K Dewkar
- Center for Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Gobalakrishnan Sundaresan
- Center for Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Li Wang
- Center for Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Purnima Jose
- Center for Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | | | | | - Nicholas Farrell
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Jamal Zweit
- Center for Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
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24
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Elsnerova K, Bartakova A, Tihlarik J, Bouda J, Rob L, Skapa P, Hruda M, Gut I, Mohelnikova-Duchonova B, Soucek P, Vaclavikova R. Gene Expression Profiling Reveals Novel Candidate Markers of Ovarian Carcinoma Intraperitoneal Metastasis. J Cancer 2017; 8:3598-3606. [PMID: 29151946 PMCID: PMC5687176 DOI: 10.7150/jca.20766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) has the highest mortality among gynecological carcinomas. The lack of specific markers for prognostic determination of EOC progression hinders the search for novel effective therapies. The aim of the present study was (i) to explore differences in expressions of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) and solute carrier (SLC) transporter genes, genes associated with drug metabolism and cell cycle regulation between control ovarian tissues (n = 14), primary EOCs (n = 44) and intraperitoneal metastases (n = 29); (ii) to investigate associations of gene expression levels with prognosis of patients with intraperitoneal metastases. In all tissue samples, transcript levels of the above target genes were assessed using quantitative real-time PCR. Gene expression levels were compared between particular tissue types and evaluated with regard to progression-free survival (PFS) and drug-resistance status of patients with metastases. Gene expression of ABCA7 significantly increased and that of ESR2 decreased in the order control ovarian tissues - primary EOCs - metastases. High expressions of ABCA2/8/9/10, ABCB1, ABCC9, ABCG2, ATP7A, SLC16A14, and SOD3 genes were significantly associated with longer progression-free survival of patients. In intraperitoneal metastases, expression of all of these genes highly correlated and indicated prognostic profile. Transporters from the ABCA family, ABCG2, and ESR2 are involved mainly in lipid metabolism, membrane transport, and cell proliferation. These processes are thus probably the most important for EOC progression. Based on these results, we have proposed novel markers of ovarian carcinoma progression and metastatic spread which might be potentially useful as therapeutic targets. Their significance should be further explored on a larger independent set of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Elsnerova
- Toxicogenomics Unit, National Institute of Public Health, Srobarova 48, 100 42 Prague 10, Czech Republic.,Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Ruska 87, 100 00 Prague 10, Czech Republic.,Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Alej Svobody 76, 323 00 Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Alena Bartakova
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital in Pilsen, Charles University, Alej Svobody 80, 304 60 Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Tihlarik
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital in Pilsen, Charles University, Alej Svobody 80, 304 60 Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Bouda
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital in Pilsen, Charles University, Alej Svobody 80, 304 60 Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Lukas Rob
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Third Faculty of Medicine and Vinohrady University Hospital, Charles University, Srobarova 50, 100 34 Prague 10, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Skapa
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Second Faculty of Medicine and Motol University Hospital, Charles University, V Uvalu 84, 150 06 Prague 5, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Hruda
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Third Faculty of Medicine and Vinohrady University Hospital, Charles University, Srobarova 50, 100 34 Prague 10, Czech Republic
| | - Ivan Gut
- Toxicogenomics Unit, National Institute of Public Health, Srobarova 48, 100 42 Prague 10, Czech Republic
| | - Beatrice Mohelnikova-Duchonova
- Toxicogenomics Unit, National Institute of Public Health, Srobarova 48, 100 42 Prague 10, Czech Republic.,Department of Oncology, Palacky University Medical School and University Hospital, I. P. Pavlova 6, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Soucek
- Toxicogenomics Unit, National Institute of Public Health, Srobarova 48, 100 42 Prague 10, Czech Republic.,Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Alej Svobody 76, 323 00 Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Radka Vaclavikova
- Toxicogenomics Unit, National Institute of Public Health, Srobarova 48, 100 42 Prague 10, Czech Republic.,Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Alej Svobody 76, 323 00 Pilsen, Czech Republic
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25
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Cai J, Fang L, Huang Y, Li R, Xu X, Hu Z, Zhang L, Yang Y, Zhu X, Zhang H, Wu J, Huang Y, Li J, Zeng M, Song E, He Y, Zhang L, Li M. Simultaneous overactivation of Wnt/β-catenin and TGFβ signalling by miR-128-3p confers chemoresistance-associated metastasis in NSCLC. Nat Commun 2017. [PMID: 28627514 PMCID: PMC5481840 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer chemoresistance and metastasis are tightly associated features. However, whether they share common molecular mechanisms and thus can be targeted with one common strategy remain unclear in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Here, we report that high levels of microRNA-128-3p (miR-128-3p) is key to concomitant development of chemoresistance and metastasis in residual NSCLC cells having survived repeated chemotherapy and correlates with chemoresistance, aggressiveness and poor prognosis in NSCLC patients. Mechanistically, miR-128-3p induces mesenchymal and stemness-like properties through downregulating multiple inhibitors of Wnt/β-catenin and TGF-β pathways, leading to their overactivation. Importantly, antagonism of miR-128-3p potently reverses metastasis and chemoresistance of highly malignant NSCLC cells, which could be completely reversed by restoring Wnt/β-catenin and TGF-β activities. Notably, correlations among miR-128-3p levels, activated β-catenin and TGF-β signalling, and pro-epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition/pro-metastatic protein levels are validated in NSCLC patient specimens. These findings suggest that miR-128-3p might be a potential target against both metastasis and chemoresistance in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junchao Cai
- Department of Microbiology, Sun Yat-sen University Zhongshan School of Medicine, Guangzhou 510080, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510080, China.,Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Disease-Model Animals, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Lishan Fang
- Department of Microbiology, Sun Yat-sen University Zhongshan School of Medicine, Guangzhou 510080, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510080, China.,Central Laboratory of The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518033, China
| | - Yongbo Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Rong Li
- Department of Microbiology, Sun Yat-sen University Zhongshan School of Medicine, Guangzhou 510080, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xiaonan Xu
- Department of Microbiology, Sun Yat-sen University Zhongshan School of Medicine, Guangzhou 510080, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Zhihuang Hu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Le Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, Sun Yat-sen University Zhongshan School of Medicine, Guangzhou 510080, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xun Zhu
- Department of Microbiology, Sun Yat-sen University Zhongshan School of Medicine, Guangzhou 510080, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Heng Zhang
- Neurosurgery Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Jueheng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yan Huang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Biochemistry, Sun Yat-sen University Zhongshan School of Medicine, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Musheng Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Erwei Song
- Department of Breast Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Yukai He
- Department of Medicine and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia 30912, USA
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Mengfeng Li
- Department of Microbiology, Sun Yat-sen University Zhongshan School of Medicine, Guangzhou 510080, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510080, China
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26
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Liu CW, Hua KT, Li KC, Kao HF, Hong RL, Ko JY, Hsiao M, Kuo ML, Tan CT. Histone Methyltransferase G9a Drives Chemotherapy Resistance by Regulating the Glutamate-Cysteine Ligase Catalytic Subunit in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Mol Cancer Ther 2017; 16:1421-1434. [PMID: 28265008 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-16-0567-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2016] [Revised: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Transient chemotherapeutic response is a major obstacle to treating head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC). Histone methyltransferase G9a has recently been shown to be abundantly expressed in HNSCC, and is required to maintain the malignant phenotype. In this study, we found that high G9a expression is significantly associated with poor chemotherapeutic response and disease-free survival in HNSCC patients. Similarly, G9a expression and enzymatic activity were elevated in cisplatin-resistant HNSCC cells. Genetic or pharmacologic inhibition of G9a sensitized the resistant cells to cisplatin, increasing cellular apoptosis. Mechanistic investigations indicated that G9a contributes to transcriptional activation of the glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC), which results in upregulation of cellular glutathione (GSH) and drug resistance. In addition, we observed a significant positive correlation between G9a and GCLC expression in tumors of HNSCC patients. Taken together, our findings provide evidence that G9a protects HNSCC cells against chemotherapy by increasing the synthesis of GSH, and imply G9a as a promising target for overcoming cisplatin resistance in HNSCC. Mol Cancer Ther; 16(7); 1421-34. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Wen Liu
- Graduate Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Otolaryngology, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Tai Hua
- Graduate Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Chun Li
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Fong Kao
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,National Taiwan University Cancer Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ruey-Long Hong
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jenq-Yuh Ko
- Department of Otolaryngology, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Michael Hsiao
- The Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Min-Liang Kuo
- Graduate Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Ting Tan
- Department of Otolaryngology, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan. .,National Taiwan University Cancer Center, Taipei, Taiwan
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27
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Xiao H, Qi R, Li T, Awuah SG, Zheng Y, Wei W, Kang X, Song H, Wang Y, Yu Y, Bird MA, Jing X, Yaffe MB, Birrer MJ, Ghoroghchian PP. Maximizing Synergistic Activity When Combining RNAi and Platinum-Based Anticancer Agents. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:3033-3044. [PMID: 28166401 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b12108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
RNAi approaches have been widely combined with platinum-based anticancer agents to elucidate cellular responses and to target gene products that mediate acquired resistance. Recent work has demonstrated that platination of siRNA prior to transfection may negatively influence RNAi efficiency based on the position and sequence of its guanosine nucleosides. Here, we used detailed spectroscopic characterization to demonstrate rapid formation of Pt-guanosine adducts within 30 min after coincubation of oxaliplatin [OxaPt(II)] or cisplatin [CisPt(II)] with either guanosine monophosphate or B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL-2) siRNA. After 3 h of exposure to these platinum(II) agents, >50% of BCL-2 siRNA transcripts were platinated and unable to effectively suppress mRNA levels. Platinum(IV) analogues [OxaPt(IV) or CisPt(IV)] did not form Pt-siRNA adducts but did display decreased in vitro uptake and reduced potency. To overcome these challenges, we utilized biodegradable methoxyl-poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(ε-caprolactone)-block-poly(l-lysine) (mPEG-b-PCL-b-PLL) to generate self-assembled micelles that covalently conjugated OxaPt(IV) and/or electrostatically complexed siRNA. We then compared multiple strategies by which to combine BCL-2 siRNA with either OxaPt(II) or OxaPt(IV). Overall, we determined that the concentrations of siRNA (nM) and platinum(II)-based anticancer agents (μM) that are typically used for in vitro experiments led to rapid Pt-siRNA adduct formation and ineffective RNAi. Coincorporation of BCL-2 siRNA and platinum(IV) analogues in a single micelle enabled maximal suppression of BCL-2 mRNA levels (to <10% of baseline), augmented the intracellular levels of platinum (by ∼4×) and the numbers of resultant Pt-DNA adducts (by >5×), increased the cellular fractions that underwent apoptosis (by ∼4×), and enhanced the in vitro antiproliferative activity of the corresponding platinum(II) agent (by 10-100×, depending on the cancer cell line). When combining RNAi and platinum-based anticancer agents, this generalizable strategy may be adopted to maximize synergy during screening or for therapeutic delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haihua Xiao
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Ruogu Qi
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Ting Li
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Samuel G Awuah
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Yaorong Zheng
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Xiang Kang
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Haiqin Song
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Yongheng Wang
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Yingjie Yu
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Molly A Bird
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Xiabin Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun 130022, People's Republic of China
| | - Michael B Yaffe
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Michael J Birrer
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - P Peter Ghoroghchian
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.,Dana-Farber Cancer Institute , Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
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Mahmud F, Chung SW, Alam F, Choi JU, Kim SW, Kim IS, Kim SY, Lee DS, Byun Y. Metronomic chemotherapy using orally active carboplatin/deoxycholate complex to maintain drug concentration within a tolerable range for effective cancer management. J Control Release 2017; 249:42-52. [PMID: 28093298 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Metronomic chemotherapy has translated into favorable toxicity profile and capable of delaying tumor progression. Despite its promise, conventional injectable chemotherapeutics are not meaningful to use as metronomic due to the necessity of frequent administration for personalized therapy in long-term cancer treatments. This study aims to exploit the benefits of the oral application of carboplatin as metronomic therapy for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We developed an orally active carboplatin by physical complexation with a deoxycholic acid (DOCA). The X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns showed the disappearance of crystalline peaks from carboplatin by forming the complex with DOCA. In vivo pharmacokinetic (PK) study confirmed the oral absorption of carboplatin/DOCA complex. The oral bioavailability of carboplatin/DOCA complex and native carboplatin were calculated as 24.33% and 1.16%, respectively, when a single 50mg/kg oral dose was administered. Further findings of oral bioavailability during a low-dose daily administration of the complex (10mg/kg) for 3weeks were showed 19.17% at day-0, 30.27% at day-7, 26.77% at day-14, and 22.48% at day-21, demonstrating its potential for metronomic chemotherapy. The dose dependent antitumor effects of oral carboplatin were evaluated in SCC7 and A549 tumor xenograft mice. It was found that the oral carboplatin complex exhibited potent anti-tumor activity at 10mg/kg (74.09% vs. control, P<0.01) and 20mg/kg dose (86.22% vs. control, P<0.01) in A549 tumor. The number of TUNEL positive cells in the tumor sections was also significantly increased during oral therapy (3.95% in control, whereas 21.37% and 32.39% in 10mg/kg and 20mg/kg dose, respectively; P<0.001). The enhanced anti-tumor efficacy of oral metronomic therapy was attributed with its antiangiogenic mechanism where new blood vessel formation was notably decreased. Finally, the safety of oral complex was confirmed by three weeks toxicity studies; there were no significant systemic or local abnormalities found in mice at 10mg/kg daily oral dose. Our study thus describes an effective and safe oral formulation of carboplatin as a metronomic chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Foyez Mahmud
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, South Korea
| | - Seung Woo Chung
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, South Korea
| | - Farzana Alam
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, South Korea
| | - Jeong Uk Choi
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, South Korea
| | - Seong Who Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Seoul 138-736, South Korea
| | - In-San Kim
- Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 136-791, South Korea
| | - Sang Yoon Kim
- Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 136-791, South Korea; Department of Otolaryngology, Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Seoul 138-736, South Korea
| | - Dong Soo Lee
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, South Korea; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-744, South Korea
| | - Youngro Byun
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, South Korea; Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, South Korea.
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29
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Kanlikilicer P, Rashed MH, Bayraktar R, Mitra R, Ivan C, Aslan B, Zhang X, Filant J, Silva AM, Rodriguez-Aguayo C, Bayraktar E, Pichler M, Ozpolat B, Calin GA, Sood AK, Lopez-Berestein G. Ubiquitous Release of Exosomal Tumor Suppressor miR-6126 from Ovarian Cancer Cells. Cancer Res 2016; 76:7194-7207. [PMID: 27742688 PMCID: PMC5901763 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-0714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cells actively promote their tumorigenic behavior by reprogramming gene expression. Loading intraluminal vesicles with specific miRNAs and releasing them into the tumor microenvironment as exosomes is one mechanism of reprogramming whose regulation remains to be elucidated. Here, we report that miR-6126 is ubiquitously released in high abundance from both chemosensitive and chemoresistant ovarian cancer cells via exosomes. Overexpression of miR-6126 was confirmed in healthy ovarian tissue compared with ovarian cancer patient samples and correlated with better overall survival in patients with high-grade serous ovarian cancer. miR-6126 acted as a tumor suppressor by directly targeting integrin-β1, a key regulator of cancer cell metastasis. miR-6126 mimic treatment of cancer cells resulted in increased miR-6126 and decreased integrin-β1 mRNA levels in the exosome. Functional analysis showed that treatment of endothelial cells with miR-6126 mimic significantly reduced tube formation as well as invasion and migration capacities of ovarian cancer cells in vitro Administration of miR-6126 mimic in an orthotopic mouse model of ovarian cancer elicited a relative reduction in tumor growth, proliferating cells, and microvessel density. miR-6126 inhibition promoted oncogenic behavior by leading ovarian cancer cells to release more exosomes. Our findings provide new insights into the role of exosomal miRNA-mediated tumor progression and suggest a new therapeutic approach to disrupt oncogenic phenotypes in tumors. Cancer Res; 76(24); 7194-207. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinar Kanlikilicer
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNA, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Mohammed H Rashed
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Recep Bayraktar
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Rahul Mitra
- Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNA, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Cristina Ivan
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNA, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Burcu Aslan
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNA, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Xinna Zhang
- Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNA, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Justyna Filant
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Andreia M Silva
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Cristian Rodriguez-Aguayo
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNA, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Emine Bayraktar
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Martin Pichler
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- Division of Oncology, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Bulent Ozpolat
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNA, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - George A Calin
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNA, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Anil K Sood
- Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNA, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Gabriel Lopez-Berestein
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
- Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNA, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
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30
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Jeselsohn R, Barry WT, Migliaccio I, Biagioni C, Zhao J, De Tribolet-Hardy J, Guarducci C, Bonechi M, Laing N, Winer EP, Brown M, Di Leo A, Malorni L. TransCONFIRM: Identification of a Genetic Signature of Response to Fulvestrant in Advanced Hormone Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2016; 22:5755-5764. [PMID: 27185372 PMCID: PMC5124409 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-16-0148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Revised: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Fulvestrant is an estrogen receptor (ER) antagonist and an approved treatment for metastatic estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer. With the exception of ER levels, there are no established predictive biomarkers of response to single-agent fulvestrant. We attempted to identify a gene signature of response to fulvestrant in advanced breast cancer. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Primary tumor samples from 134 patients enrolled in the phase III CONFIRM study of patients with metastatic ER+ breast cancer comparing treatment with either 250 mg or 500 mg fulvestrant were collected for genome-wide transcriptomic analysis. Gene expression profiling was performed using Affymetrix microarrays. An exploratory analysis was performed to identify biologic pathways and new signatures associated with response to fulvestrant. RESULTS Pathway analysis demonstrated that increased EGF pathway and FOXA1 transcriptional signaling is associated with decreased response to fulvestrant. Using a multivariate Cox model, we identified a novel set of 37 genes with an expression that is independently associated with progression-free survival (PFS). TFAP2C, a known regulator of ER activity, was ranked second in this gene set, and high expression was associated with a decreased response to fulvestrant. The negative predictive value of TFAP2C expression at the protein level was confirmed by IHC. CONCLUSIONS We identified biologic pathways and a novel gene signature in primary ER+ breast cancers that predicts for response to treatment in the CONFIRM study. These results suggest potential new therapeutic targets and warrant further validation as predictive biomarkers of fulvestrant treatment in metastatic breast cancer. Clin Cancer Res; 22(23); 5755-64. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rinath Jeselsohn
- Susan F. Smith Center for Women’s Cancers, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Center for Functional Caner Epigenetics, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - William T. Barry
- Susan F. Smith Center for Women’s Cancers, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute
| | - Ilenia Migliaccio
- Translational Research Unit, Hospital of Prato, Istituto Toscano Tumori, Prato, Italy
| | - Chiara Biagioni
- Translational Research Unit, Hospital of Prato, Istituto Toscano Tumori, Prato, Italy
- "Sandro Pitigliani" Medica Oncology Unit, Istituto Toscano Tumori, Prato, Italy
| | - Jin Zhao
- Center for Functional Caner Epigenetics, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | | | - Cristina Guarducci
- Translational Research Unit, Hospital of Prato, Istituto Toscano Tumori, Prato, Italy
| | - Martina Bonechi
- Translational Research Unit, Hospital of Prato, Istituto Toscano Tumori, Prato, Italy
| | - Naomi Laing
- Astra Zeneca Pharmaceuticals, Macclesfield, United Kingdom
| | - Eric P. Winer
- Susan F. Smith Center for Women’s Cancers, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Myles Brown
- Susan F. Smith Center for Women’s Cancers, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Center for Functional Caner Epigenetics, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Angelo Di Leo
- Translational Research Unit, Hospital of Prato, Istituto Toscano Tumori, Prato, Italy
- "Sandro Pitigliani" Medica Oncology Unit, Istituto Toscano Tumori, Prato, Italy
| | - Luca Malorni
- Translational Research Unit, Hospital of Prato, Istituto Toscano Tumori, Prato, Italy
- "Sandro Pitigliani" Medica Oncology Unit, Istituto Toscano Tumori, Prato, Italy
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31
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Bioinformatics Analysis of the Human Surfaceome Reveals New Targets for a Variety of Tumor Types. Int J Genomics 2016; 2016:8346198. [PMID: 28097125 PMCID: PMC5206789 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8346198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
It is estimated that 10 to 20% of all genes in the human genome encode cell surface proteins and due to their subcellular localization these proteins represent excellent targets for cancer diagnosis and therapeutics. Therefore, a precise characterization of the surfaceome set in different types of tumor is needed. Using TCGA data from 15 different tumor types and a new method to identify cancer genes, the S-score, we identified several potential therapeutic targets within the surfaceome set. This allowed us to expand a previous analysis from us and provided a clear characterization of the human surfaceome in the tumor landscape. Moreover, we present evidence that a three-gene set-WNT5A, CNGA2, and IGSF9B-can be used as a signature associated with shorter survival in breast cancer patients. The data made available here will help the community to develop more efficient diagnostic and therapeutic tools for a variety of tumor types.
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32
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van der Mark VA, Ghiboub M, Marsman C, Zhao J, van Dijk R, Hiralall JK, Ho-Mok KS, Castricum Z, de Jonge WJ, Oude Elferink RPJ, Paulusma CC. Phospholipid flippases attenuate LPS-induced TLR4 signaling by mediating endocytic retrieval of Toll-like receptor 4. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 74:715-730. [PMID: 27628304 PMCID: PMC5272906 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2360-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
P4-ATPases are lipid flippases that catalyze the transport of phospholipids to create membrane phospholipid asymmetry and to initiate the biogenesis of transport vesicles. Here we show, for the first time, that lipid flippases are essential to dampen the inflammatory response and to mediate the endotoxin-induced endocytic retrieval of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) in human macrophages. Depletion of CDC50A, the β-subunit that is crucial for the activity of multiple P4-ATPases, resulted in endotoxin-induced hypersecretion of proinflammatory cytokines, enhanced MAP kinase signaling and constitutive NF-κB activation. In addition, CDC50A-depleted THP-1 macrophages displayed reduced tolerance to endotoxin. Moreover, endotoxin-induced internalization of TLR4 was strongly reduced and coincided with impaired endosomal MyD88-independent signaling. The phenotype of CDC50A-depleted cells was also induced by separate knockdown of two P4-ATPases, namely ATP8B1 and ATP11A. We conclude that lipid flippases are novel elements of the innate immune response that are essential to attenuate the inflammatory response, possibly by mediating endotoxin-induced internalization of TLR4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent A van der Mark
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 69-71, 1105 BK, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mohammed Ghiboub
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 69-71, 1105 BK, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Casper Marsman
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 69-71, 1105 BK, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jing Zhao
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 69-71, 1105 BK, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Remco van Dijk
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 69-71, 1105 BK, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Johan K Hiralall
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 69-71, 1105 BK, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kam S Ho-Mok
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 69-71, 1105 BK, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Zoë Castricum
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 69-71, 1105 BK, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter J de Jonge
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 69-71, 1105 BK, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ronald P J Oude Elferink
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 69-71, 1105 BK, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Coen C Paulusma
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 69-71, 1105 BK, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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33
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Yasukawa M, Liu Y, Hu L, Cogdell D, Gharpure KM, Pradeep S, Nagaraja AS, Sood AK, Zhang W. ADAMTS16 mutations sensitize ovarian cancer cells to platinum-based chemotherapy. Oncotarget 2016; 8:88410-88420. [PMID: 29179445 PMCID: PMC5687615 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is one of the most lethal malignant tumors in women. The prognosis of ovarian cancer patients depends, in part, on their response to platinum-based chemotherapy. Our recent analysis of genomics and clinical data from the Cancer Genome Atlas demonstrated that somatic mutations of ADAMTS 1, 6, 8, 9, 15, 16, 18 and L1 genes were associated with higher sensitivity to platinum and longer progression-free survival, overall survival, and platinum-free survival duration in 512 patients with high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma. Among the ADAMTS mutations, ADAMTS16 is the most commonly affected gene in ovarian cancer. However, the functional role of these mutations in ovarian cancer cells is largely unknown. We performed in vitro studies to compare the functional effects of the six identified ADAMTS missense mutations on the platinum sensitivity of ovarian cancer cells. We also used a well-characterized in vivo mouse model to evaluate the response of ovarian cancer cells with ADAMTS16 mutations to platinum-based therapy. Our results showed that exogenously expressed ADAMTS16 missense mutations inhibited cell growth or sensitized tumor cells to cisplatin and inhibited tumor growth in vivo. Orthotopic xenograft experiments showed that mice injected with ovarian cancer cells that exogenously expressed ADAMTS16 mutations had a better response to cisplatin treatment. Thus, these functional studies provide evidence that mutations of ADAMTS16 actively contribute to therapeutic response in ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Yasukawa
- Departments of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Showa University School of Medicine, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuexin Liu
- Departments of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.,Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Limei Hu
- Departments of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - David Cogdell
- Departments of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Kshipra M Gharpure
- Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Sunila Pradeep
- Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Archana S Nagaraja
- Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Anil K Sood
- Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.,Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.,Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNA, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Wei Zhang
- Departments of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.,Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNA, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Cancer Biology, Comprehensive Cancer Center of Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
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34
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de Waart DR, Naik J, Utsunomiya KS, Duijst S, Ho-Mok K, Bolier AR, Hiralall J, Bull LN, Bosma PJ, Oude Elferink RP, Paulusma CC. ATP11C targets basolateral bile salt transporter proteins in mouse central hepatocytes. Hepatology 2016; 64:161-74. [PMID: 26926206 PMCID: PMC5266587 DOI: 10.1002/hep.28522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED ATP11C is a homolog of ATP8B1, both of which catalyze the transport of phospholipids in biological membranes. Mutations in ATP8B1 cause progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis type1 in humans, which is characterized by a canalicular cholestasis. Mice deficient in ATP11C are characterized by a conjugated hyperbilirubinemia and an unconjugated hypercholanemia. Here, we have studied the hypothesis that ATP11C deficiency interferes with basolateral uptake of unconjugated bile salts, a process mediated by organic anion-transporting polypeptide (OATP) 1B2. ATP11C localized to the basolateral membrane of central hepatocytes in the liver lobule of control mice. In ATP11C-deficient mice, plasma total bilirubin levels were 6-fold increased, compared to control, of which ∼65% was conjugated and ∼35% unconjugated. Plasma total bile salts were 10-fold increased and were mostly present as unconjugated species. Functional studies in ATP11C-deficient mice indicated that hepatic uptake of unconjugated bile salts was strongly impaired whereas uptake of conjugated bile salts was unaffected. Western blotting and immunofluorescence analysis demonstrated near absence of basolateral bile salt uptake transporters OATP1B2, OATP1A1, OATP1A4, and Na(+) -taurocholate-cotransporting polypeptide only in central hepatocytes of ATP11C-deficient liver. In vivo application of the proteasome inhibitor, bortezomib, partially restored expression of these proteins, but not their localization. Furthermore, we observed post-translational down-regulation of ATP11C protein in livers from cholestatic mice, which coincided with reduced OATP1B2 levels. CONCLUSIONS ATP11C is essential for basolateral membrane localization of multiple bile salt transport proteins in central hepatocytes and may act as a gatekeeper to prevent hepatic bile salt overload. Conjugated hyperbilirubinemia and unconjugated hypercholanemia and loss of OATP expression in ATP11C-deficient liver strongly resemble the characteristics of Rotor syndrome, suggesting that mutations in ATP11C can predispose to Rotor syndrome. (Hepatology 2016;64:161-174).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk R. de Waart
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jyoti Naik
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Suzanne Duijst
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kam Ho-Mok
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A. Ruth Bolier
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Johan Hiralall
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Laura N. Bull
- Liver Center Laboratory, Department of Medicine, and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Piter J. Bosma
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ronald P.J. Oude Elferink
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Coen C. Paulusma
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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The phospholipid flippase ATP8B1 mediates apical localization of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2016; 1863:2280-8. [PMID: 27301931 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2016.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis type 1 (PFIC1) is caused by mutations in the gene encoding the phospholipid flippase ATP8B1. Apart from severe cholestatic liver disease, many PFIC1 patients develop extrahepatic symptoms characteristic of cystic fibrosis (CF), such as pulmonary infection, sweat gland dysfunction and failure to thrive. CF is caused by mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), a chloride channel essential for epithelial fluid transport. Previously it was shown that CFTR transcript levels were strongly reduced in livers of PFIC1 patients. Here we have investigated the hypothesis that ATP8B1 is important for proper CFTR expression and function. We analyzed CFTR expression in ATP8B1-depleted intestinal and pulmonary epithelial cell lines and assessed CFTR function by measuring short-circuit currents across transwell-grown ATP8B1-depleted intestinal T84 cells and by a genetically-encoded fluorescent chloride sensor. In addition, we studied CFTR surface expression upon induction of CFTR transcription. We show that CFTR protein levels are strongly reduced in the apical membrane of human ATP8B1-depleted intestinal and pulmonary epithelial cell lines, a phenotype that coincided with reduced CFTR activity. Apical membrane insertion upon induction of ectopically-expressed CFTR was strongly impaired in ATP8B1-depleted cells. We conclude that ATP8B1 is essential for correct apical localization of CFTR in human intestinal and pulmonary epithelial cells, and that impaired CFTR localization underlies some of the extrahepatic phenotypes observed in ATP8B1 deficiency.
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Herrera-Pérez Z, Gretz N, Dweep H. A Comprehensive Review on the Genetic Regulation of Cisplatin-induced Nephrotoxicity. Curr Genomics 2016; 17:279-93. [PMID: 27252593 PMCID: PMC4869013 DOI: 10.2174/1389202917666160202220555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Revised: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin (CDDP) is a well-known antineoplastic drug which has been extensively utilized over the last decades in the treatment of numerous kinds of tumors. However, CDDP induces a wide range of toxicities in a dose-dependent manner, among which nephrotoxicity is of particular importance. Still, the mechanism of CDDP-induced renal damage is not completely understood; moreover, the knowledge about the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in the nephrotoxic response is still unknown. miRNAs are known to interact with the representative members of a diverse range of regulatory pathways (including postnatal development, proliferation, inflammation and fibrosis) and pathological conditions, including kidney diseases: polycystic kidney diseases (PKDs), diabetic nephropathy (DN), kidney cancer, and drug-induced kidney injury. In this review, we shed light on the following important aspects: (i) information on genes/proteins and their interactions with previously known pathways engaged with CDDP-induced nephrotoxicity, (ii) information on newly discovered biomarkers, especially, miRNAs for detecting CDDP-induced nephrotoxicity and (iii) information to improve our understanding on CDDP. This information will not only help the researchers belonging to nephrotoxicity field, but also supply an indisputable help for oncologists to better understand and manage the side effects induced by CDDP during cancer treatment. Moreover, we provide up-to-date information about different in vivo and in vitro models that have been utilized over the last decades to study CDDP-induced renal injury. Taken together, this review offers a comprehensive network on genes, miRNAs, pathways and animal models which will serve as a useful resource to understand the molecular mechanism of CDDP-induced nephrotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeneida Herrera-Pérez
- Medical Research Center, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Norbert Gretz
- Medical Research Center, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Harsh Dweep
- Medical Research Center, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
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Wei Z, Lv S, Wang Y, Sun M, Chi G, Guo J, Song P, Fu X, Zhang S, Li Y. Biological characteristics of side population cells in a self-established human ovarian cancer cell line. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:41-48. [PMID: 27347097 PMCID: PMC4907021 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.4565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to establish an ovarian cancer (OC) cell line from ascites of an ovarian serous cystadenocarcinoma patient and investigate the biological characteristics of its side population (SP) cells. The OC cell line was established by isolating, purifying and subculturing primary cells from ascites of an ovarian serous cystadenocarcinoma patient (stage IIIc; grade 3). SP and non-SP (NSP) cells were isolated by fluorescence-activated cell sorting and cultured in serum-free medium and soft agar to compare the tumorsphere and colony formation capacities. Furthermore, SP and NSP cell tumorigenesis was examined by subcutaneous and intraperitoneal injection of the cells to non-obese diabetic/severe combined immune deficiency (NOD/SCID) mice. Drug resistance to cisplatin was examined by cell counting kit-8. The OC cell line was successfully established from ascites of an ovarian serous cystadenocarcinoma patient, which exhibited properties similar to primary tumors subsequent to >50 passages and >2 years of culture. The SP cell ratio was 0.38% in the OC cell line, and a similar SP cell ratio (0.39%) was observed when sorted SP cells were cultured for 3 weeks. Compared with NSP cells, SP cells exhibited increased abilities in differentiation and tumorsphere and colony formation, in addition to the formation of xenografted tumors and ascites and metastasis of the tumors in NOD/SCID mice, even at low cell numbers (3.0×103 cells). The xenografted tumors demonstrated histological features similar to primary tumors and expressed the ovarian serous cystadenocarcinoma marker CA125. In addition, SP cells demonstrated a significantly stronger drug resistance to cisplatin compared with NSP and unsorted cells, while treatment with verapamil, an inhibitor of ATP-binding cassette transporters, potently abrogated SP cell drug resistance. In conclusion, the present study verified SP cells from an established OC cell line and characterized the cells with self-renewal, differentiation, proliferation, tumorigenesis and stronger drug resistance capacities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhentong Wei
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China; Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Shuang Lv
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Yishu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Meiyu Sun
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Guangfan Chi
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Jun Guo
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Peiye Song
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Fu
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Songling Zhang
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Yulin Li
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
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Kulshrestha A, Katara GK, Ginter J, Pamarthy S, Ibrahim SA, Jaiswal MK, Sandulescu C, Periakaruppan R, Dolan J, Gilman-Sachs A, Beaman KD. Selective inhibition of tumor cell associated Vacuolar-ATPase 'a2' isoform overcomes cisplatin resistance in ovarian cancer cells. Mol Oncol 2016; 10:789-805. [PMID: 26899534 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2016.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Revised: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of resistance to platinum compounds significantly hinders successful ovarian cancer (OVCA) treatment. In tumor cells, dysregulated pH gradient across cell membranes is a key physiological mechanism of metastasis/chemo-resistance. These pH alterations are mediated by aberrant activation of key multi-subunit proton pumps, Vacuolar-ATPases (V-ATPases). In tumor cells, its 'a2' isoform (V-ATPase-V0a2) is a component of functional plasma-membrane complex and promotes tumor invasion through tumor-acidification and immuno-modulation. Its involvement in chemo-resistance has not been studied. Here, we show that V-ATPase-V0a2 is over-expressed in acquired-cisplatin resistant OVCA cells (cis-A2780/cis-TOV112D). Of all the 'a' subunit isoforms, V-ATPase-V0a2 exhibited an elevated expression on plasma membrane of cisplatin-resistant cells compared to sensitive counterparts. Immuno-histochemistry revealed V-ATPase-V0a2 expression in both low grade (highly drug-resistant) and high grade (highly recurrent) human OVCA tissues indicating its role in a centralized mechanism of tumor resistance. In cisplatin resistant cells, shRNA mediated inhibition of V-ATPase-V0a2 enhanced sensitivity towards both cisplatin and carboplatin. This improved cytotoxicity was mediated by enhanced cisplatin-DNA-adduct formation and suppressed DNA-repair pathway, leading to enhanced apoptosis. Suppression of V0a2 activity strongly reduced cytosolic pH in resistant tumor cells, which is known to enhance platinum-associated DNA-damage. As an indicator of reduced metastasis and chemo-resistance, in contrast to plasma membrane localization, a diffused cytoplasmic localization of acidic vacuoles was observed in V0a2-knockdown resistant cells. Interestingly, pre-treatment with monoclonal V0a2-inhibitory antibody enhanced cisplatin cytotoxicity in resistant cells. Taken together, our findings suggest that the isoform specific inhibition of V-ATPase-V0a2 could serve as a therapeutic strategy for chemo-resistant ovarian carcinoma and improve efficacy of platinum drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpita Kulshrestha
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Gajendra K Katara
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jordyn Ginter
- Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sahithi Pamarthy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Safaa A Ibrahim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mukesh K Jaiswal
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Corina Sandulescu
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Advocate Lutheran General Hospital, Park Ridge, IL, USA
| | - Ramayee Periakaruppan
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Advocate Lutheran General Hospital, Park Ridge, IL, USA
| | - James Dolan
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Advocate Lutheran General Hospital, Park Ridge, IL, USA
| | - Alice Gilman-Sachs
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kenneth D Beaman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, USA.
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Elsnerova K, Mohelnikova-Duchonova B, Cerovska E, Ehrlichova M, Gut I, Rob L, Skapa P, Hruda M, Bartakova A, Bouda J, Vodicka P, Soucek P, Vaclavikova R. Gene expression of membrane transporters: Importance for prognosis and progression of ovarian carcinoma. Oncol Rep 2016; 35:2159-70. [PMID: 26820484 DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.4599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Membrane transporters (such as ABCs, SLCs and ATPases) act in carcinogenesis and chemoresistance development, but their relevance for prognosis of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) remains poorly understood. We evaluated the gene expression profile of 39 ABC and 12 SLC transporters and three ATPases in EOC tissues and addressed their putative role in prognosis and clinical course of EOC patients. Relative gene expression in a set of primary EOC (n=57) and in control ovarian tissues (n=14) was estimated and compared with clinical data and survival of patients. Obtained data were validated in an independent set of patients (n=60). Six ABCs and SLC22A18 gene were significantly overexpressed in carcinomas when compared with controls, while expression of 12 ABCs, five SLCs, ATP7A and ATP11B was decreased. Expression of ABCA12, ABCC3, ABCC6, ABCD3, ABCG1 and SLC22A5 was higher in high grade serous carcinoma compared with other subtypes. ABCA2 gene expression significantly associated with EOC grade in both sets of patients. Notably, expression level of ABCA9, ABCA10, ABCC9 and SLC16A14 significantly associated with progression-free survival (PFS) of the disease in either pilot or validation sets. ABCG2 level associated with PFS in the pooled set of patients. In conclusion, ABCA2, ABCA9, ABCA10, ABCC9, ABCG2 and SLC16A14 present novel putative markers of EOC progression and together with the revealed relationship between ABCA12, ABCC3, ABCC6, ABCD3, ABCG1 and SLC22A5 expression, and high grade serous type of EOC should be further examined by larger follow-up study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Elsnerova
- Toxicogenomics Unit, National Institute of Public Health, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Ela Cerovska
- Toxicogenomics Unit, National Institute of Public Health, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Ehrlichova
- Toxicogenomics Unit, National Institute of Public Health, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ivan Gut
- Toxicogenomics Unit, National Institute of Public Health, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lukas Rob
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Second Faculty of Medicine and Motol University Hospital, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Skapa
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Second Faculty of Medicine and Motol University Hospital, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Hruda
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Second Faculty of Medicine and Motol University Hospital, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Alena Bartakova
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital in Pilsen, Charles University in Prague, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Bouda
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital in Pilsen, Charles University in Prague, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Vodicka
- Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University in Prague, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Soucek
- Toxicogenomics Unit, National Institute of Public Health, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Radka Vaclavikova
- Toxicogenomics Unit, National Institute of Public Health, Prague, Czech Republic
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40
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Kewitz S, Kurch L, Volkmer I, Staege MS. Stimulation of the hypoxia pathway modulates chemotherapy resistance in Hodgkin's lymphoma cells. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:8229-37. [PMID: 26718211 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4705-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) is a malignant disease of the lymphatic system. The therapy has been improved during the last decades but there are still patients who cannot be cured, and the therapy is associated with several adverse late effects. Therefore, we asked which genes might be involved in the chemotherapy resistance of HL cells. We observed that HL cells became more resistant against cisplatin after treatment with cobalt chloride. Therefore, we analyzed which genes were differentially expressed between cells incubated in medium with or without cobalt chloride. We found several genes which were up- or downregulated in the presence of cobalt chloride and might be involved in the modulation of chemotherapy resistance. Cobalt chloride is a hypoxia-mimetic agent. Therefore, we tested chemo-resistance and gene expression of HL cells under hypoxic conditions and confirmed the results from the cobalt chloride experiments. Taken together, activation of the hypoxia pathway led to altered gene expression and drug resistance of HL cells. Differentially expressed genes might be interesting targets for the development of future treatment strategies against drug-resistant HL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Kewitz
- Department of Pediatrics, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, 06097, Germany.
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Feulgenstr. 12, Giessen, 35392, Germany.
| | - Lars Kurch
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Leipzig, Leipzig, 04109, Germany
| | - Ines Volkmer
- Department of Pediatrics, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, 06097, Germany
| | - Martin S Staege
- Department of Pediatrics, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, 06097, Germany
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41
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Specific mutations in mammalian P4-ATPase ATP8A2 catalytic subunit entail differential glycosylation of the accessory CDC50A subunit. FEBS Lett 2015; 589:3908-14. [PMID: 26592152 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2015.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Revised: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
P4-ATPases, or flippases, translocate phospholipids between the two leaflets of eukaryotic biological membranes. They are essential to the physiologically crucial phospholipid asymmetry and involved in severe diseases, but their molecular structure and mechanism are still unresolved. Here, we show that in an extensive mutational alanine screening of the mammalian flippase ATP8A2 catalytic subunit, five mutations stand out by leading to reduced glycosylation of the accessory subunit CDC50A. These mutations may disturb the interaction between the subunits.
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42
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Meng J, Wang J. Role of SNARE proteins in tumourigenesis and their potential as targets for novel anti-cancer therapeutics. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2015; 1856:1-12. [PMID: 25956199 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2015.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2015] [Revised: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The function of soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptors (SNAREs) in cellular trafficking, membrane fusion and vesicle release in synaptic nerve terminals is well characterised. Recent studies suggest that SNAREs are also important in the control of tumourigenesis through the regulation of multiple signalling and transportation pathways. The majority of published studies investigated the effects of knockdown/knockout or overexpression of particular SNAREs on the normal function of cells as well as their dysfunction in tumourigenesis promotion. SNAREs are involved in the regulation of cancer cell invasion, chemo-resistance, the transportation of autocrine and paracrine factors, autophagy, apoptosis and the phosphorylation of kinases essential for cancer cell biogenesis. This evidence highlights SNAREs as potential targets for novel cancer therapy. This is the first review to summarise the expression and role of SNAREs in cancer biology at the cellular level, their interaction with non-SNARE proteins and modulation of cellular signalling cascades. Finally, a strategy is proposed for developing novel anti-cancer therapeutics using targeted delivery of a SNARE-inactivating protease into malignant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianghui Meng
- Charles Institute of Dermatology, School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | - Jiafu Wang
- International Centre for Neurotherapeutics, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland.
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43
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Panatala R, Hennrich H, Holthuis JCM. Inner workings and biological impact of phospholipid flippases. J Cell Sci 2015; 128:2021-32. [PMID: 25918123 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.102715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The plasma membrane, trans-Golgi network and endosomal system of eukaryotic cells are populated with flippases that hydrolyze ATP to help establish asymmetric phospholipid distributions across the bilayer. Upholding phospholipid asymmetry is vital to a host of cellular processes, including membrane homeostasis, vesicle biogenesis, cell signaling, morphogenesis and migration. Consequently, defining the identity of flippases and their biological impact has been the subject of intense investigations. Recent work has revealed a remarkable degree of kinship between flippases and cation pumps. In this Commentary, we review emerging insights into how flippases work, how their activity is controlled according to cellular demands, and how disrupting flippase activity causes system failure of membrane function, culminating in membrane trafficking defects, aberrant signaling and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radhakrishnan Panatala
- Department of Membrane Enzymology, Bijvoet Center and Institute of Biomembranes, Utrecht University, 3584 Utrecht, The Netherlands Molecular Cell Biology Division, University of Osnabrück, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Hanka Hennrich
- Department of Membrane Enzymology, Bijvoet Center and Institute of Biomembranes, Utrecht University, 3584 Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Joost C M Holthuis
- Department of Membrane Enzymology, Bijvoet Center and Institute of Biomembranes, Utrecht University, 3584 Utrecht, The Netherlands Molecular Cell Biology Division, University of Osnabrück, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany
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44
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Gonzalez-Villasana V, Fuentes-Mattei E, Ivan C, Dalton HJ, Rodriguez-Aguayo C, Fernandez-de Thomas RJ, Aslan B, Del C Monroig P, Velazquez-Torres G, Previs RA, Pradeep S, Kahraman N, Wang H, Kanlikilicer P, Ozpolat B, Calin G, Sood AK, Lopez-Berestein G. Rac1/Pak1/p38/MMP-2 Axis Regulates Angiogenesis in Ovarian Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2015; 21:2127-37. [PMID: 25595279 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-14-2279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Zoledronic acid is being increasingly recognized for its antitumor properties, but the underlying functions are not well understood. In this study, we hypothesized that zoledronic acid inhibits ovarian cancer angiogenesis preventing Rac1 activation. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN The biologic effects of zoledronic acid were examined using a series of in vitro [cell invasion, cytokine production, Rac1 activation, reverse-phase protein array, and in vivo (orthotopic mouse models)] experiments. RESULTS There was significant inhibition of ovarian cancer (HeyA8-MDR and OVCAR-5) cell invasion as well as reduced production of proangiogenic cytokines in response to zoledronic acid treatment. Furthermore, zoledronic acid inactivated Rac1 and decreased the levels of Pak1/p38/matrix metalloproteinase-2 in ovarian cancer cells. In vivo, zoledronic acid reduced tumor growth, angiogenesis, and cell proliferation and inactivated Rac1 in both HeyA8-MDR and OVCAR-5 models. These in vivo antitumor effects were enhanced in both models when zoledronic acid was combined with nab-paclitaxel. CONCLUSIONS Zoledronic acid has robust antitumor and antiangiogenic activity and merits further clinical development as ovarian cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vianey Gonzalez-Villasana
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Enrique Fuentes-Mattei
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Cristina Ivan
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Heather J Dalton
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Cristian Rodriguez-Aguayo
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | | | - Burcu Aslan
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Paloma Del C Monroig
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas. University of Puerto Rico School of Medicine, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Guermarie Velazquez-Torres
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Rebecca A Previs
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Sunila Pradeep
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas. Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Nermin Kahraman
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Huamin Wang
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Pinar Kanlikilicer
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Bulent Ozpolat
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - George Calin
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas. Center for RNAi and Non-coding RNA, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Anil K Sood
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas. Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas. Center for RNAi and Non-coding RNA, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Gabriel Lopez-Berestein
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas. Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas. Center for RNAi and Non-coding RNA, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
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45
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Salimian Rizi B, Caneba C, Nowicka A, Nabiyar AW, Liu X, Chen K, Klopp A, Nagrath D. Nitric oxide mediates metabolic coupling of omentum-derived adipose stroma to ovarian and endometrial cancer cells. Cancer Res 2014; 75:456-71. [PMID: 25425006 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-14-1337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Omental adipose stromal cells (O-ASC) are a multipotent population of mesenchymal stem cells contained in the omentum tissue that promote endometrial and ovarian tumor proliferation, migration, and drug resistance. The mechanistic underpinnings of O-ASCs' role in tumor progression and growth are unclear. Here, we propose a novel nitric oxide (NO)-mediated metabolic coupling between O-ASCs and gynecologic cancer cells in which O-ASCs support NO homeostasis in malignant cells. NO is synthesized endogenously by the conversion of l-arginine into citrulline through nitric oxide synthase (NOS). Through arginine depletion in the media using l-arginase and NOS inhibition in cancer cells using N(G)-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME), we demonstrate that patient-derived O-ASCs increase NO levels in ovarian and endometrial cancer cells and promote proliferation in these cells. O-ASCs and cancer cell cocultures revealed that cancer cells use O-ASC-secreted arginine and in turn secrete citrulline in the microenvironment. Interestingly, citrulline increased adipogenesis potential of the O-ASCs. Furthermore, we found that O-ASCs increased NO synthesis in cancer cells, leading to decrease in mitochondrial respiration in these cells. Our findings suggest that O-ASCs upregulate glycolysis and reduce oxidative stress in cancer cells by increasing NO levels through paracrine metabolite secretion. Significantly, we found that O-ASC-mediated chemoresistance in cancer cells can be deregulated by altering NO homeostasis. A combined approach of targeting secreted arginine through l-arginase, along with targeting microenvironment-secreted factors using l-NAME, may be a viable therapeutic approach for targeting ovarian and endometrial cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahar Salimian Rizi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas
| | | | | | | | - Xinran Liu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas
| | - Kevin Chen
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas
| | - Ann Klopp
- University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Deepak Nagrath
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas. Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas.
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46
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Spreckelmeyer S, Orvig C, Casini A. Cellular transport mechanisms of cytotoxic metallodrugs: an overview beyond cisplatin. Molecules 2014; 19:15584-610. [PMID: 25268716 PMCID: PMC6271550 DOI: 10.3390/molecules191015584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Revised: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The field of medicinal inorganic chemistry has grown consistently during the past 50 years; however, metal-containing coordination compounds represent only a minor proportion of drugs currently on the market, indicating that research in this area has not yet been thoroughly realized. Although platinum-based drugs as cancer chemotherapeutic agents have been widely studied, exact knowledge of the mechanisms governing their accumulation in cells is still lacking. However, evidence suggests active uptake and efflux mechanisms are involved; this may be involved also in other experimental metal coordination and organometallic compounds with promising antitumor activities in vitro and in vivo, such as ruthenium and gold compounds. Such knowledge would be necessary to elucidate the balance between activity and toxicity profiles of metal compounds. In this review, we present an overview of the information available on the cellular accumulation of Pt compounds from in vitro, in vivo and clinical studies, as well as a summary of reports on the possible accumulation mechanisms for different families of experimental anticancer metal complexes (e.g., Ru Au and Ir). Finally, we discuss the need for rationalization of the investigational approaches available to study metallodrug cellular transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Spreckelmeyer
- Dept. Pharmacokinetics, Toxicology and Targeting, Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, Groningen 9713 AV, The Netherlands
| | - Chris Orvig
- Medicinal Inorganic Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T1Z1, Canada
| | - Angela Casini
- Dept. Pharmacokinetics, Toxicology and Targeting, Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, Groningen 9713 AV, The Netherlands.
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Galluzzi L, Vitale I, Michels J, Brenner C, Szabadkai G, Harel-Bellan A, Castedo M, Kroemer G. Systems biology of cisplatin resistance: past, present and future. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1257. [PMID: 24874729 PMCID: PMC4047912 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2013.428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 544] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2013] [Revised: 09/23/2013] [Accepted: 09/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The platinum derivative cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II), best known as cisplatin, is currently employed for the clinical management of patients affected by testicular, ovarian, head and neck, colorectal, bladder and lung cancers. For a long time, the antineoplastic effects of cisplatin have been fully ascribed to its ability to generate unrepairable DNA lesions, hence inducing either a permanent proliferative arrest known as cellular senescence or the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis. Accumulating evidence now suggests that the cytostatic and cytotoxic activity of cisplatin involves both a nuclear and a cytoplasmic component. Despite the unresolved issues regarding its mechanism of action, the administration of cisplatin is generally associated with high rates of clinical responses. However, in the vast majority of cases, malignant cells exposed to cisplatin activate a multipronged adaptive response that renders them less susceptible to the antiproliferative and cytotoxic effects of the drug, and eventually resume proliferation. Thus, a large fraction of cisplatin-treated patients is destined to experience therapeutic failure and tumor recurrence. Throughout the last four decades great efforts have been devoted to the characterization of the molecular mechanisms whereby neoplastic cells progressively lose their sensitivity to cisplatin. The advent of high-content and high-throughput screening technologies has accelerated the discovery of cell-intrinsic and cell-extrinsic pathways that may be targeted to prevent or reverse cisplatin resistance in cancer patients. Still, the multifactorial and redundant nature of this phenomenon poses a significant barrier against the identification of effective chemosensitization strategies. Here, we discuss recent systems biology studies aimed at deconvoluting the complex circuitries that underpin cisplatin resistance, and how their findings might drive the development of rational approaches to tackle this clinically relevant problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Galluzzi
- 1] Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France [2] Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France [3] Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | - I Vitale
- 1] Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy [2] National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| | - J Michels
- 1] Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France [2] Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France [3] INSERM, U848, Villejuif, France
| | - C Brenner
- 1] INSERM, UMRS 769; LabEx LERMIT, Châtenay Malabry, France [2] Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Paris Sud/Paris XI, Châtenay Malabry, France
| | - G Szabadkai
- 1] Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Consortium for Mitochondrial Research, University College London, London, UK [2] Department of Biomedical Sciences, Università Degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - A Harel-Bellan
- 1] Laboratoire Epigenetique et Cancer, Université de Paris Sud/Paris XI, Gif-Sur-Yvette, France [2] CNRS, FRE3377, Gif-Sur-Yvette, France [3] Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA), Saclay, France
| | - M Castedo
- 1] Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France [2] Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France [3] INSERM, U848, Villejuif, France
| | - G Kroemer
- 1] Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France [2] Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France [3] INSERM, U848, Villejuif, France [4] Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France [5] Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
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48
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Jia P, Wang Q, Chen Q, Hutchinson KE, Pao W, Zhao Z. MSEA: detection and quantification of mutation hotspots through mutation set enrichment analysis. Genome Biol 2014; 15:489. [PMID: 25348067 PMCID: PMC4226881 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-014-0489-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Many cancer genes form mutation hotspots that disrupt their functional domains or active sites, leading to gain- or loss-of-function. We propose a mutation set enrichment analysis (MSEA) implemented by two novel methods,MSEA-clust and MSEA-domain, to predict cancer genes based on mutation hotspot patterns. MSEA methods are evaluated by both simulated and real cancer data. We find approximately 51% of the eligible known cancer genes form detectable mutation hotspots. Application of MSEA in eight cancers reveals a total of 82 genes with mutation hotspots,including well-studied cancer genes, known cancer genes re-found in new cancer types, and novel cancer genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peilin Jia
- />Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37203 USA
- />Center for Quantitative Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232 USA
| | - Quan Wang
- />Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37203 USA
| | - Qingxia Chen
- />Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37203 USA
- />Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232 USA
| | - Katherine E Hutchinson
- />Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232 USA
| | - William Pao
- />Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232 USA
- />Department of Medicine/Division of Hematology-Oncology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232 USA
| | - Zhongming Zhao
- />Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37203 USA
- />Center for Quantitative Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232 USA
- />Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232 USA
- />Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232 USA
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49
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Abstract
This article describes a procedure to prepare a raft-like intracellular membrane fraction enriched for the trans-Golgi network (TGN) and endosomal compartments. The initial step in this technique involves cell disruption by homogenization, followed by clearance of the plasma membrane, late endosomes, mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum by differential sedimentation. Carbonate treatment, sonication and sucrose density-gradient ultracentrifugation are subsequently used to isolate the target membranes. The isolated subcellular fraction contains less than 1% of the total cellular proteins, but it is highly enriched for syntaxin-6 and Rab11. Typically, 40-60% of the cellular pool of GM1 glycosphingolipid and 10-20% of the total cellular cholesterol cofractionate with this buoyant membrane fraction. Given the role of GM1 as a cell-surface receptor for the cholera toxin and that levels of both GM1 and cholesterol in the TGN-endosomal compartment are upregulated in some inherited diseases, this protocol can potentially be applied to the analysis of disease-associated changes to GM1-enriched intracellular membranes. The isolated membranes are very well separated from caveolin-rich domains of the plasma membrane, the TGN and recycling endosomes. The entire protocol can be completed in as little as 1 d.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark G Waugh
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London, Royal Free Campus, London, UK
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50
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Klempner SJ, Myers AP, Mills GB, Westin SN. Clinical investigation of receptor and non-receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors for the treatment of epithelial ovarian cancer. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2013; 14:2171-82. [PMID: 23937415 PMCID: PMC4103698 DOI: 10.1517/14656566.2013.826650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the second most common gynecologic malignancy and the leading cause of death from gynecologic cancer in the USA. EOC is an exquisitely chemo-sensitive disease with response rates of over 75% in the upfront setting. Despite this, due to high rates of recurrence and development of chemo-resistance, the overall survival of EOC remains about 25%. Thus, there is a great need for new therapeutic approaches to render more durable responses. Based on preclinical and early phase clinical studies, key targeted pathways include targets that drive angiogenesis and chemo-resistance. Receptor tyrosine kinases and non-receptor tyrosine kinases play important roles in these processes and several small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are in clinical development. AREAS COVERED This review summarizes clinical rationale, mechanisms of action and clinical data for the TKIs under evaluation in the Phase III setting for EOC. EXPERT OPINION Despite reasonable preclinical activity, small molecule TKIs are unlikely to improve patient survival as single agent therapies in an unselected EOC population. Incorporation of tissue evaluation during ongoing clinical trials is required to identify molecularly defined groups that respond to single agents and direct rational combination strategies based on mechanisms of resistance to improve outcomes in EOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel J. Klempner
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Andrea P. Myers
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215
| | - Gordon B. Mills
- Department of Systems Biology, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston TX, 77030
| | - Shannon N. Westin
- Departments of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030
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