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Kim N, Byun S, Um SJ. Additional Sex Combs-like Family Associated with Epigenetic Regulation. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5119. [PMID: 38791157 PMCID: PMC11121404 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The additional sex combs-like (ASXL) family, a mammalian homolog of the additional sex combs (Asx) of Drosophila, has been implicated in transcriptional regulation via chromatin modifications. Abnormal expression of ASXL family genes leads to myelodysplastic syndromes and various types of leukemia. De novo mutation of these genes also causes developmental disorders. Genes in this family and their neighbor genes are evolutionary conserved in humans and mice. This review provides a comprehensive summary of epigenetic regulations associated with ASXL family genes. Their expression is commonly regulated by DNA methylation at CpG islands preceding transcription starting sites. Their proteins primarily engage in histone tail modifications through interactions with chromatin regulators (PRC2, TrxG, PR-DUB, SRC1, HP1α, and BET proteins) and with transcription factors, including nuclear hormone receptors (RAR, PPAR, ER, and LXR). Histone modifications associated with these factors include histone H3K9 acetylation and methylation, H3K4 methylation, H3K27 methylation, and H2AK119 deubiquitination. Recently, non-coding RNAs have been identified following mutations in the ASXL1 or ASXL3 gene, along with circular ASXLs and microRNAs that regulate ASXL1 expression. The diverse epigenetic regulations linked to ASXL family genes collectively contribute to tumor suppression and developmental processes. Our understanding of ASXL-regulated epigenetics may provide insights into the development of therapeutic epigenetic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Soo-Jong Um
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-Gu, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea; (N.K.)
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2
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Köhnke T, Nuno KA, Alder CC, Gars EJ, Phan P, Fan AC, Majeti R. Human ASXL1-Mutant Hematopoiesis Is Driven by a Truncated Protein Associated with Aberrant Deubiquitination of H2AK119. Blood Cancer Discov 2024; 5:202-223. [PMID: 38359087 PMCID: PMC11061584 DOI: 10.1158/2643-3230.bcd-23-0235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Mutations in additional sex combs like 1 (ASXL1) confer poor prognosis both in myeloid malignancies and in premalignant clonal hematopoiesis (CH). However, the mechanisms by which these mutations contribute to disease initiation remain unresolved, and mutation-specific targeting has remained elusive. To address this, we developed a human disease model that recapitulates the disease trajectory from ASXL1-mutant CH to lethal myeloid malignancy. We demonstrate that mutations in ASXL1 lead to the expression of a functional, truncated protein and determine that truncated ASXL1 leads to global redistribution of the repressive chromatin mark H2AK119Ub, increased transposase-accessible chromatin, and activation of both myeloid and stem cell gene-expression programs. Finally, we demonstrate that H2AK119Ub levels are tied to truncated ASXL1 expression levels and leverage this observation to demonstrate that inhibition of the PRC1 complex might be an ASXL1-mutant-specific therapeutic vulnerability in both premalignant CH and myeloid malignancy. SIGNIFICANCE Mutant ASXL1 is a common driver of CH and myeloid malignancy. Using primary human HSPCs, we determine that truncated ASXL1 leads to redistribution of H2AK119Ub and may affect therapeutic vulnerability to PRC1 inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Köhnke
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Cancer Institute, and Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California
- Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Kevin A. Nuno
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Cancer Institute, and Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California
- Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | | | - Eric J. Gars
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Cancer Institute, and Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California
- Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Paul Phan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Cancer Institute, and Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California
- Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Amy C. Fan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Cancer Institute, and Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California
- Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Ravindra Majeti
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Cancer Institute, and Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California
- Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, California
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3
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Santoro N, Salutari P, Di Ianni M, Marra A. Precision Medicine Approaches in Acute Myeloid Leukemia with Adverse Genetics. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4259. [PMID: 38673842 PMCID: PMC11050344 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with adverse genetics remains unsatisfactory, with very low response rates to standard chemotherapy and shorter durations of remission commonly observed in these patients. The complex biology of AML with adverse genetics is continuously evolving. Herein, we discuss recent advances in the field focusing on the contribution of molecular drivers of leukemia biogenesis and evolution and on the alterations of the immune system that can be exploited with immune-based therapeutic strategies. We focus on the biological rationales for combining targeted therapy and immunotherapy, which are currently being investigated in ongoing trials, and could hopefully ameliorate the poor outcomes of patients affected by AML with adverse genetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Santoro
- Hematology Unit, Department of Hematology and Oncology, Ospedale Civile “Santo Spirito”, 65122 Pescara, Italy; (P.S.); (M.D.I.)
| | - Prassede Salutari
- Hematology Unit, Department of Hematology and Oncology, Ospedale Civile “Santo Spirito”, 65122 Pescara, Italy; (P.S.); (M.D.I.)
| | - Mauro Di Ianni
- Hematology Unit, Department of Hematology and Oncology, Ospedale Civile “Santo Spirito”, 65122 Pescara, Italy; (P.S.); (M.D.I.)
- Department of Medicine and Science of Aging, “G.D’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Andrea Marra
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotechnology, Department of Medicine, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, 00128 Rome, Italy
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 00196 Rome, Italy
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4
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Collins TB, Laranjeira ABA, Kong T, Fulbright MC, Fisher DAC, Sturgeon CM, Batista LFZ, Oh ST. Altered erythropoiesis via JAK2 and ASXL1 mutations in myeloproliferative neoplasms. Exp Hematol 2024; 132:104178. [PMID: 38340948 PMCID: PMC10978257 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2024.104178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are driven by hyperactivation of JAK-STAT signaling but can demonstrate skewed hematopoiesis upon acquisition of additional somatic mutations. Here, using primary MPN samples and engineered embryonic stem cells, we demonstrate that mutations in JAK2 induced a significant increase in erythroid colony formation, whereas mutations in additional sex combs-like 1 (ASXL1) led to an erythroid colony defect. RNA-sequencing revealed upregulation of protein arginine methyltransferase 6 (PRMT6) induced by mutant ASXL1. Furthermore, genetic perturbation of PRMT6 exacerbated the MPN disease burden, including leukemic engraftment and splenomegaly, in patient-derived xenograft models, highlighting a novel tumor-suppressive function of PRMT6. However, augmented erythroid potential and bone marrow human CD71+ cells following PRMT6 knockdown were reserved only for primary MPN samples harboring ASXL1 mutations. Last, treatment of CD34+ hematopoietic/stem progenitor cells with the PRMT6 inhibitor EPZ020411 induced expression of genes involved in heme metabolism, hemoglobin, and erythropoiesis. These findings highlight interactions between JAK2 and ASXL1 mutations and a unique erythroid regulatory network in the context of mutant ASXL1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor B Collins
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Angelo B A Laranjeira
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Tim Kong
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Mary C Fulbright
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Daniel A C Fisher
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Christopher M Sturgeon
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY; Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Luis F Z Batista
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Center for Genome Integrity, Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Stephen T Oh
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Immunomonitoring Laboratory, Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO.
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5
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Jafarbeik-Iravani N, Kolahdozan S, Esmaeili R. The role of ASXL1 mutations and ASXL1 CircRNAs in cancer. Biomarkers 2024; 29:1-6. [PMID: 38193494 DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2024.2304187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mutations in the Additional Sex Combs Like 1 (ASXL1) gene were first reported in myelodysplastic syndromes. Recent studies have clarified the relationship between ASXL1 mutations and the development of cancers. OBJECTIVE This study aims to review the roles of ASXL1 and ASXL1 CircRNAs, such as epigenetic regulation, chromatin modification, and transcription factor function in malignancies. METHOD This study is a review of articles related to the role of ASXL1 and ASXL1 CircRNAs in malignancies, retrieved from PubMed and Scopus. RESULTS ASXL1 plays a role in malignancies and is also related to poor overall survival and cancer metastasis. ASXL1 encodes conserved and abundant Circular RNAs (circRNAs) that act as post-transcriptional regulators, regulating tumorigenesis and progression in cancer. ASXL1 circRNA was identified in the top 10% of differentially expressed circRNAs in clinically relevant tissues. Additionally, the role of ASXL1 gene circRNAs in cancer development is reviewed in this study. CONCLUSION ASXL1 and ASXL1circRNA have dual functions in combination with different proteins, being involved in both transcriptional activation and repression in a context-dependent manner. Moreover, studies indicate these genes play an important role in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and metastasis. Ongoing research is aimed at determining this gene family's function in biological events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narges Jafarbeik-Iravani
- Genetics Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Kolahdozan
- Genetics Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rezvan Esmaeili
- Genetics Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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Ge G, Zhang P, Sui P, Chen S, Yang H, Guo Y, Rubalcava IP, Noor A, Delma CR, Agosto-Peña J, Geng H, Medina EA, Liang Y, Nimer SD, Mesa R, Abdel-Wahab O, Xu M, Yang FC. Targeting lysine demethylase 6B ameliorates ASXL1 truncation-mediated myeloid malignancies in preclinical models. J Clin Invest 2024; 134:e163964. [PMID: 37917239 PMCID: PMC10760961 DOI: 10.1172/jci163964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
ASXL1 mutation frequently occurs in all forms of myeloid malignancies and is associated with aggressive disease and poor prognosis. ASXL1 recruits Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) to specific gene loci to repress transcription through trimethylation of histone H3 on lysine 27 (H3K27me3). ASXL1 alterations reduce H3K27me3 levels, which results in leukemogenic gene expression and the development of myeloid malignancies. Standard therapies for myeloid malignancies have limited efficacy when mutated ASXL1 is present. We discovered upregulation of lysine demethylase 6B (KDM6B), a demethylase for H3K27me3, in ASXL1-mutant leukemic cells, which further reduces H3K27me3 levels and facilitates myeloid transformation. Here, we demonstrated that heterozygous deletion of Kdm6b restored H3K27me3 levels and normalized dysregulated gene expression in Asxl1Y588XTg hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs). Furthermore, heterozygous deletion of Kdm6b decreased the HSPC pool, restored their self-renewal capacity, prevented biased myeloid differentiation, and abrogated progression to myeloid malignancies in Asxl1Y588XTg mice. Importantly, administration of GSK-J4, a KDM6B inhibitor, not only restored H3K27me3 levels but also reduced the disease burden in NSG mice xenografted with human ASXL1-mutant leukemic cells in vivo. This preclinical finding provides compelling evidence that targeting KDM6B may be a therapeutic strategy for myeloid malignancies with ASXL1 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo Ge
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy
- Mays Cancer Center
| | - Pinpin Sui
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy
- Mays Cancer Center
| | - Shi Chen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, and
| | - Hui Yang
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy
| | - Ying Guo
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy
| | | | - Asra Noor
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy
| | - Caroline R. Delma
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | | | - Hui Geng
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Edward A. Medina
- Mays Cancer Center
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Ying Liang
- Lindsley F. Kimball Research Institute, New York Blood Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Stephen D. Nimer
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | | | - Omar Abdel-Wahab
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Mingjiang Xu
- Mays Cancer Center
- Department of Molecular Medicine, and
| | - Feng-Chun Yang
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy
- Mays Cancer Center
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7
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Guijarro-Hernández A, Vizmanos JL. Transcriptomic comparison of bone marrow CD34 + cells and peripheral blood neutrophils from ET patients with JAK2 or CALR mutations. BMC Genom Data 2023; 24:40. [PMID: 37550636 PMCID: PMC10408115 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-023-01142-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Essential thrombocythemia (ET) is one of the most common types of Ph-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms, an infrequent group of blood cancers that arise from a CD34 + hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) in the bone marrow (BM) primarily due to driver mutations in JAK2, CALR or MPL. These aberrations result in an overproduction of mature myeloid cells in peripheral blood (PB). To date, no targeted therapies have been approved for ET patients, so the study of the molecular mechanisms behind the disease and the identification of new therapeutic targets may be of interest. For this reason, in this study, we have compared the transcriptomic profile of undifferentiated CD34 + cells and mature myeloid cells from ET patients (CALR and JAK2-mutated) and healthy donors deposited in publicly available databases. The study of the similarities and differences between these samples might help to better understand the molecular mechanisms behind the disease according to the degree of maturation of the malignant clone and the type of mutation and ultimately help identify new therapeutic targets for these patients. RESULTS The results show that most of the altered hallmarks in neutrophils were also found in CD34 + cells. However, only a few genes showed a similar aberrant expression pattern in both types of cells. We have identified a signature of six genes common to patients with CALR and JAK2 mutations (BPI, CRISP3, LTF, MMP8, and PTGS1 upregulated, and PBXIP1 downregulated), a different signature of seven genes for patients with CALR mutations (BMP6, CEACAM8, ITK, LCN2, and PRG2 upregulated, and MAN1A1 and MME downregulated) and a signature of 13 genes for patients with JAK2 mutations (ARG1, CAST, CD177, CLEC5A, DAPP1, EPS15, IL18RAP, OLFM4, OLR1, RIOK3, SELP, and THBS1 upregulated, and IGHM downregulated). CONCLUSIONS Our results highlight transcriptomic similarities and differences in ET patients according to the degree of maturation of the malignant clone and the type of mutation. The genes and processes altered in both CD34 + cells and mature neutrophils may reveal altered sustained processes that could be studied as future therapeutic targets for ET patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Guijarro-Hernández
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, School of Sciences, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - José Luis Vizmanos
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, School of Sciences, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
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8
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Greenfield G, McMullin MF. Epigenetics in myeloproliferative neoplasms. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1206965. [PMID: 37519812 PMCID: PMC10373880 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1206965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are a group of acquired clonal disorders where mutations drive proliferative disease resulting in increased blood counts and in some cases end-stage myelofibrosis. Epigenetic changes are the reversible modifications to DNA- and RNA-associated proteins that impact gene activity without changing the DNA sequence. This review summarizes mechanisms of epigenetic changes and the nucleosome. The drivers and epigenetic regulators in MPNs are outlined. In MPNs, distinct patterns of epigenetic dysregulation have been seen in chronic and in advanced phases. Methylation age and histone modification are altered in MPNs and by further treatment. The alterations found in methylation age in MPNs and with treatment are discussed, and the changes in histone modification with Janus kinase (JAK) inhibition are evaluated. Currently available therapeutic areas where the epigenome can be altered are outlined. Thus, we review the current knowledge and understanding of epigenetics in MPN and consider further management options. Understanding the epigenome and its alteration in MPNs and epigenetic changes associated with the progression of disease will lead to advances in therapeutic options.
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9
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Suzuki T, Komatsu T, Shibata H, Tanioka A, Vargas D, Kawabata-Iwakawa R, Miura F, Masuda S, Hayashi M, Tanimura-Inagaki K, Morita S, Kohmaru J, Adachi K, Tobo M, Obinata H, Hirayama T, Kimura H, Sakai J, Nagasawa H, Itabashi H, Hatada I, Ito T, Inagaki T. Crucial role of iron in epigenetic rewriting during adipocyte differentiation mediated by JMJD1A and TET2 activity. Nucleic Acids Res 2023; 51:6120-6142. [PMID: 37158274 PMCID: PMC10325906 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Iron metabolism is closely associated with the pathogenesis of obesity. However, the mechanism of the iron-dependent regulation of adipocyte differentiation remains unclear. Here, we show that iron is essential for rewriting of epigenetic marks during adipocyte differentiation. Iron supply through lysosome-mediated ferritinophagy was found to be crucial during the early stage of adipocyte differentiation, and iron deficiency during this period suppressed subsequent terminal differentiation. This was associated with demethylation of both repressive histone marks and DNA in the genomic regions of adipocyte differentiation-associated genes, including Pparg, which encodes PPARγ, the master regulator of adipocyte differentiation. In addition, we identified several epigenetic demethylases to be responsible for iron-dependent adipocyte differentiation, with the histone demethylase jumonji domain-containing 1A and the DNA demethylase ten-eleven translocation 2 as the major enzymes. The interrelationship between repressive histone marks and DNA methylation was indicated by an integrated genome-wide association analysis, and was also supported by the findings that both histone and DNA demethylation were suppressed by either the inhibition of lysosomal ferritin flux or the knockdown of iron chaperone poly(rC)-binding protein 2. In summary, epigenetic regulations through iron-dependent control of epigenetic enzyme activities play an important role in the organized gene expression mechanisms of adipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Suzuki
- Laboratory of Epigenetics and Metabolism, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Gunma371-8512, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Komatsu
- Laboratory of Epigenetics and Metabolism, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Gunma371-8512, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shibata
- Laboratory of Epigenetics and Metabolism, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Gunma371-8512, Japan
| | - Akiko Tanioka
- Laboratory of Epigenetics and Metabolism, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Gunma371-8512, Japan
| | - Diana Vargas
- Laboratory of Epigenetics and Metabolism, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Gunma371-8512, Japan
| | - Reika Kawabata-Iwakawa
- Division of Integrated Oncology Research, Gunma University Initiative for Advanced Research, Gunma University, Gunma371-8511, Japan
| | - Fumihito Miura
- Department of Biochemistry, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Shinnosuke Masuda
- Laboratory of Epigenetics and Metabolism, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Gunma371-8512, Japan
| | - Mayuko Hayashi
- Laboratory of Epigenetics and Metabolism, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Gunma371-8512, Japan
| | - Kyoko Tanimura-Inagaki
- Laboratory of Epigenetics and Metabolism, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Gunma371-8512, Japan
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan
| | - Sumiyo Morita
- Laboratory of Genome Science, Biosignal Genome Resource Center, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Gunma371-8512, Japan
| | - Junki Kohmaru
- Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation Joint Usage/Research Support Center, Gunma University, Gunma371-8512, Japan
| | - Koji Adachi
- Kaihin Makuhari Laboratory, PerkinElmer Japan Co., Ltd., Chiba261-8501, Japan
| | - Masayuki Tobo
- Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation Joint Usage/Research Support Center, Gunma University, Gunma371-8512, Japan
| | - Hideru Obinata
- Education and Research Support Center, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma371-8511, Japan
| | - Tasuku Hirayama
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu501-1196, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kimura
- Cell Biology Center, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Kanagawa226-8503, Japan
| | - Juro Sakai
- Division of Metabolic Medicine, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo153-8904, Japan
- Division of Molecular Physiology and Metabolism, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Hideko Nagasawa
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu501-1196, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Itabashi
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, Gunma376-8515, Japan
| | - Izuho Hatada
- Laboratory of Genome Science, Biosignal Genome Resource Center, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Gunma371-8512, Japan
- Viral Vector Core, Gunma University Initiative for Advanced Research, Gunma371-8511, Japan
| | - Takashi Ito
- Department of Biochemistry, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Takeshi Inagaki
- Laboratory of Epigenetics and Metabolism, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Gunma371-8512, Japan
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10
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Lin I, Wei A, Awamleh Z, Singh M, Ning A, Herrera A, Russell BE, Weksberg R, Arboleda VA. Multiomics of Bohring-Opitz syndrome truncating ASXL1 mutations identify canonical and noncanonical Wnt signaling dysregulation. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e167744. [PMID: 37053013 PMCID: PMC10322691 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.167744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
ASXL1 (additional sex combs-like 1) plays key roles in epigenetic regulation of early developmental gene expression. De novo protein-truncating mutations in ASXL1 cause Bohring-Opitz syndrome (BOS; OMIM #605039), a rare neurodevelopmental condition characterized by severe intellectual disabilities, distinctive facial features, hypertrichosis, increased risk of Wilms tumor, and variable congenital anomalies, including heart defects and severe skeletal defects giving rise to a typical BOS posture. These BOS-causing ASXL1 variants are also high-prevalence somatic driver mutations in acute myeloid leukemia. We used primary cells from individuals with BOS (n = 18) and controls (n = 49) to dissect gene regulatory changes caused by ASXL1 mutations using comprehensive multiomics assays for chromatin accessibility (ATAC-seq), DNA methylation, histone methylation binding, and transcriptome in peripheral blood and skin fibroblasts. Our data show that regardless of cell type, ASXL1 mutations drive strong cross-tissue effects that disrupt multiple layers of the epigenome. The data showed a broad activation of canonical Wnt signaling at the transcriptional and protein levels and upregulation of VANGL2, which encodes a planar cell polarity pathway protein that acts through noncanonical Wnt signaling to direct tissue patterning and cell migration. This multiomics approach identifies the core impact of ASXL1 mutations and therapeutic targets for BOS and myeloid leukemias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Lin
- Department of Human Genetics
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Computational Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Angela Wei
- Department of Human Genetics
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Computational Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Interdepartmental BioInformatics Program, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Zain Awamleh
- Department of Genetics and Genome Biology Program, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Meghna Singh
- Department of Human Genetics
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Computational Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Aileen Ning
- Department of Human Genetics
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Computational Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Analeyla Herrera
- Department of Human Genetics
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Computational Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | - Bianca E. Russell
- Division of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Rosanna Weksberg
- Department of Genetics and Genome Biology Program, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Clinical & Metabolic Genetics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Medical Sciences and Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Valerie A. Arboleda
- Department of Human Genetics
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Computational Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Interdepartmental BioInformatics Program, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
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11
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Xie X, Su M, Ren K, Ma X, Lv Z, Li Z, Mei Y, Ji P. Clonal hematopoiesis and bone marrow inflammation. Transl Res 2023; 255:159-170. [PMID: 36347490 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2022.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Clonal hematopoiesis (CH) occurs in hematopoietic stem cells with increased risks of progressing to hematologic malignancies. CH mutations are predominantly found in aged populations and correlate with an increased incidence of cardiovascular and other diseases. Increased lines of evidence demonstrate that CH mutations are closely related to the inflammatory bone marrow microenvironment. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in this topic starting from the discovery of CH and its mutations. We focus on the most commonly mutated and well-studied genes in CH and their contributions to the innate immune responses and inflammatory signaling, especially in the hematopoietic cells of bone marrow. We also aimed to discuss the interrelationship between inflammatory bone marrow microenvironment and CH mutations. Finally, we provide our perspectives on the challenges in the field and possible future directions to help understand the pathophysiology of CH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinshu Xie
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Meng Su
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Kehan Ren
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois; Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Xuezhen Ma
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhiyi Lv
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhaofeng Li
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Yang Mei
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Hunan University, Changsha, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, Hunan University, Changsha, China.
| | - Peng Ji
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois; Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois.
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12
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Yang FC, Agosto-Peña J. Epigenetic regulation by ASXL1 in myeloid malignancies. Int J Hematol 2023; 117:791-806. [PMID: 37062051 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-023-03586-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
Myeloid malignancies are clonal hematopoietic disorders that are comprised of a spectrum of genetically heterogeneous disorders, including myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN), chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML), and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Myeloid malignancies are characterized by excessive proliferation, abnormal self-renewal, and/or differentiation defects of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and myeloid progenitor cells hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs). Myeloid malignancies can be caused by genetic and epigenetic alterations that provoke key cellular functions, such as self-renewal, proliferation, biased lineage commitment, and differentiation. Advances in next-generation sequencing led to the identification of multiple mutations in myeloid neoplasms, and many new gene mutations were identified as key factors in driving the pathogenesis of myeloid malignancies. The polycomb protein ASXL1 was identified to be frequently mutated in all forms of myeloid malignancies, with mutational frequencies of 20%, 43%, 10%, and 20% in MDS, CMML, MPN, and AML, respectively. Significantly, ASXL1 mutations are associated with a poor prognosis in all forms of myeloid malignancies. The fact that ASXL1 mutations are associated with poor prognosis in patients with CMML, MDS, and AML, points to the possibility that ASXL1 mutation is a key factor in the development of myeloid malignancies. This review summarizes the recent advances in understanding myeloid malignancies with a specific focus on ASXL1 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Chun Yang
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA.
- Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA.
| | - Joel Agosto-Peña
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
- Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
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13
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Hanot M, Raby L, Völkel P, Le Bourhis X, Angrand PO. The Contribution of the Zebrafish Model to the Understanding of Polycomb Repression in Vertebrates. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032322. [PMID: 36768643 PMCID: PMC9916924 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycomb group (PcG) proteins are highly conserved proteins assembled into two major types of complexes, PRC1 and PRC2, involved in the epigenetic silencing of a wide range of gene expression programs regulating cell fate and tissue development. The crucial role of PRC1 and PRC2 in the fundamental cellular processes and their involvement in human pathologies such as cancer attracted intense attention over the last few decades. Here, we review recent advancements regarding PRC1 and PRC2 function using the zebrafish model. We point out that the unique characteristics of the zebrafish model provide an exceptional opportunity to increase our knowledge of the role of the PRC1 and PRC2 complexes in tissue development, in the maintenance of organ integrity and in pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariette Hanot
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR9020-U1277-CANTHER-Cancer Heterogeneity Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Ludivine Raby
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR9020-U1277-CANTHER-Cancer Heterogeneity Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Pamela Völkel
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR9020-U1277-CANTHER-Cancer Heterogeneity Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Xuefen Le Bourhis
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR9020-U1277-CANTHER-Cancer Heterogeneity Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Pierre-Olivier Angrand
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR9020-U1277-CANTHER-Cancer Heterogeneity Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, F-59000 Lille, France
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14
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Bouligny IM, Maher KR, Grant S. Mechanisms of myeloid leukemogenesis: Current perspectives and therapeutic objectives. Blood Rev 2023; 57:100996. [PMID: 35989139 PMCID: PMC10693933 DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2022.100996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous hematopoietic neoplasm which results in clonal proliferation of abnormally differentiated hematopoietic cells. In this review, mechanisms contributing to myeloid leukemogenesis are summarized, highlighting aberrations of epigenetics, transcription factors, signal transduction, cell cycling, and the bone marrow microenvironment. The mechanisms contributing to AML are detailed to spotlight recent findings that convey clinical impact. The applications of current and prospective therapeutic targets are accentuated in addition to reviews of treatment paradigms stratified for each characteristic molecular lesion - with a focus on exploring novel treatment approaches and combinations to improve outcomes in AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian M Bouligny
- Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
| | - Keri R Maher
- Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
| | - Steven Grant
- Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
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15
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Zhang Z, Sun J. The Origin of Clonal Hematopoiesis and Its Implication in Human Diseases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1442:65-83. [PMID: 38228959 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-99-7471-9_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Clonal expansion of hematopoietic cells is first observed in hematological malignancies where all the leukemic cells can be traced back to a single cell carrying oncogenic alterations. Interestingly, expansion of hematopoietic clones with defined genomic alterations, including single nucleotide variants (SNVs), small insertions and deletions (indels), and large structural chromosomal alterations (CAs), is also found in the healthy population. These genomic changes often affect leukemia driver genes. As a result, healthy individuals bearing such clonal hematopoiesis (CH) are at a higher risk of hematological malignancies. In addition to blood cancers, SNV/indel-related CH has been found associated with elevated cardiovascular and all-cause mortality, indicating adverse impacts of abnormalities in the blood on the normal functions of non-hematological tissues. In the past decade, much effort has been invested in understanding the origins of CH and its causal relationship with diseases in hematological and non-hematological tissues. Here, we review recent progress in these areas and discuss future directions that can be pursued to translate the acquired knowledge into better management of CH-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianlong Sun
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China.
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16
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Medina EA, Delma CR, Yang FC. ASXL1/2 mutations and myeloid malignancies. J Hematol Oncol 2022; 15:127. [PMID: 36068610 PMCID: PMC9450349 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-022-01336-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloid malignancies develop through the accumulation of genetic and epigenetic alterations that dysregulate hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) self-renewal, stimulate HSC proliferation and result in differentiation defects. The polycomb group (PcG) and trithorax group (TrxG) of epigenetic regulators act antagonistically to regulate the expression of genes key to stem cell functions. The genes encoding these proteins, and the proteins that interact with them or affect their occupancy at chromatin, are frequently mutated in myeloid malignancies. PcG and TrxG proteins are regulated by Enhancers of Trithorax and Polycomb (ETP) proteins. ASXL1 and ASXL2 are ETP proteins that assemble chromatin modification complexes and transcription factors. ASXL1 mutations frequently occur in myeloid malignancies and are associated with a poor prognosis, whereas ASXL2 mutations frequently occur in AML with t(8;21)/RUNX1-RUNX1T1 and less frequently in other subtypes of myeloid malignancies. Herein, we review the role of ASXL1 and ASXL2 in normal and malignant hematopoiesis by summarizing the findings of mouse model systems and discussing their underlying molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward A Medina
- Division of Hematopathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Joe R. and Teresa Lozano Long School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX, 78229-3900, USA.
| | - Caroline R Delma
- Division of Hematopathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Joe R. and Teresa Lozano Long School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX, 78229-3900, USA
| | - Feng-Chun Yang
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, Joe R. and Teresa Lozano Long School of Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA.,Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
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17
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Testa U, Castelli G, Pelosi E. Clonal Hematopoiesis: Role in Hematologic and Non-Hematologic Malignancies. Mediterr J Hematol Infect Dis 2022; 14:e2022069. [PMID: 36119457 PMCID: PMC9448266 DOI: 10.4084/mjhid.2022.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) ensure the coordinated and balanced production of all hematopoietic cell types throughout life. Aging is associated with a gradual decline of the self-renewal and regenerative potential of HSCs and with the development of clonal hematopoiesis. Clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP) defines the clonal expansion of genetically variant hematopoietic cells bearing one or more gene mutations and/or structural variants (such as copy number alterations). CHIP increases exponentially with age and is associated with cancers, including hematologic neoplasia, cardiovascular and other diseases. The presence of CHIP consistently increases the risk of hematologic malignancy, particularly in individuals who have CHIP in association with peripheral blood cytopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ugo Testa
- Department of Oncology, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Germana Castelli
- Department of Oncology, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Elvira Pelosi
- Department of Oncology, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
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18
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Morita Y, Nannya Y, Ichikawa M, Hanamoto H, Shibayama H, Maeda Y, Hata T, Miyamoto T, Kawabata H, Takeuchi K, Tanaka H, Kishimoto J, Miyano S, Matsumura I, Ogawa S, Akashi K, Kanakura Y, Mitani K. ASXL1 mutations with serum EPO levels predict poor response to darbepoetin alfa in lower-risk MDS: W-JHS MDS01 trial. Int J Hematol 2022; 116:659-668. [PMID: 35821550 PMCID: PMC9588475 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-022-03414-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Darbepoetin alfa (DA) is used to treat anemia in lower-risk (IPSS low or int-1) myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). However, whether mutations can predict the effectiveness of DA has not been examined. The present study aimed to determine predictive gene mutations. The primary endpoint was a correlation between the presence of highly frequent (≥ 10%) mutations and hematological improvement-erythroid according to IWG criteria 2006 by DA (240 μg/week) until week 16. The study included 79 patients (age 29–90, median 77.0 years; 52 [65.8%] male). Frequently (≥ 10%) mutated genes were SF3B1 (24 cases, 30.4%), TET2 (20, 25.3%), SRSF2 (10, 12.7%), ASXL1 (9, 11.4%), and DNMT3A (8, 10.1%). Overall response rate to DA was 70.9%. Multivariable analysis including baseline erythropoietin levels and red blood cell transfusion volumes as variables revealed that erythropoietin levels and mutations of ASXL1 gene were significantly associated with worse response (odds ratio 0.146, 95% confidence interval 0.042–0.503; p = 0.0023, odds ratio 0.175, 95% confidence interval 0.033–0.928; p = 0.0406, respectively). This study indicated that anemic patients who have higher erythropoietin levels and harbor ASXL1 gene mutations may respond poorly to DA. Alternative strategies are needed for the treatment of anemia in this population. Trial registration number and date of registration: UMIN000022185 and 09/05/2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuyoshi Morita
- Divison of Hematology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasuhito Nannya
- Department of Pathology and Tumor Biology, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Division of Hematopoietic Disease Control, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Motoshi Ichikawa
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Dokkyo Medical University, 880, Kitakobayashi, Mibu-machi, Shimotsuga-gun, Tochigi, 321-0293, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Hanamoto
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Nara Hospital Kindai University, Nara, Japan
| | - Hirohiko Shibayama
- Department of Hematology, National Hospital Organization Osaka National Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Maeda
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | - Tomoko Hata
- Department of Hematology, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Miyamoto
- Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Science, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kawabata
- Department of Hematology, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazuto Takeuchi
- Department of Hematology, Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan
| | - Hiroko Tanaka
- Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junji Kishimoto
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Satoru Miyano
- M&D Data Science Center, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Itaru Matsumura
- Divison of Hematology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Seishi Ogawa
- Department of Pathology and Tumor Biology, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (WPI-ASHBi), Department of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Koichi Akashi
- Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Science, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yuzuru Kanakura
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Sumitomo Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kinuko Mitani
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Dokkyo Medical University, 880, Kitakobayashi, Mibu-machi, Shimotsuga-gun, Tochigi, 321-0293, Japan.
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19
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Lysine-Specific Demethylase 1 (LSD1/KDM1A) Inhibition as a Target for Disease Modification in Myelofibrosis. Cells 2022; 11:cells11132107. [PMID: 35805191 PMCID: PMC9265913 DOI: 10.3390/cells11132107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Myelofibrosis (MF) is the most symptomatic form of myeloproliferative neoplasm and carries the worst outcome. Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is the only therapy with potential for cure at present, but is limited by significant mortality and morbidity. JAK inhibition is the mainstay of treatment for intermediate- and high-risk MF. Ruxolitinib is the most widely used JAK1/2 inhibitor and provides durable effects in controlling symptom burden and spleen volumes. Nevertheless, ruxolitinib may not adequately address the underlying disease biology. Its effects on mutant allele burden, bone marrow fibrosis, and the prevention of leukemic transformation are minimal. Multiple small molecules are being tested in multiple phase 2 and 3 studies as either monotherapy or in combination with JAK2 inhibitors. In this review, the role of LSD1/KDM1A inhibition as a potential disease-modification strategy in patients with myelofibrosis is described and discussed.
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20
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Wang Z, Zhang C, Warden CD, Liu Z, Yuan YC, Guo C, Wang C, Wang J, Wu X, Ermel R, Vonderfecht SL, Wang X, Brown C, Forman S, Yang Y, James You M, Chen W. Loss of SIRT1 inhibits hematopoietic stem cell aging and age-dependent mixed phenotype acute leukemia. Commun Biol 2022; 5:396. [PMID: 35484199 PMCID: PMC9051098 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03340-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) is linked to various blood disorders and malignancies. SIRT1 has been implicated in healthy aging, but its role in HSC aging is poorly understood. Surprisingly, we found that Sirt1 knockout improved the maintenance of quiescence of aging HSCs and their functionality as well as mouse survival in serial bone marrow transplantation (BMT) recipients. The majority of secondary and tertiary BMT recipients of aging wild type donor cells developed B/myeloid mixed phenotype acute leukemia (MPAL), which was markedly inhibited by Sirt1 knockout. SIRT1 inhibition also reduced the growth and survival of human B/myeloid MPAL cells. Sirt1 knockout suppressed global gene activation in old HSCs, prominently the genes regulating protein synthesis and oxidative metabolism, which may involve multiple downstream transcriptional factors. Our results demonstrate an unexpected role of SIRT1 in promoting HSC aging and age-dependent MPAL and suggest SIRT1 may be a new therapeutic target for modulating functions of aging HSCs and treatment of MPAL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Wang
- grid.410425.60000 0004 0421 8357Department of Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010 USA ,grid.410425.60000 0004 0421 8357Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010 USA
| | - Chunxiao Zhang
- grid.410425.60000 0004 0421 8357Department of Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010 USA
| | - Charles David Warden
- grid.410425.60000 0004 0421 8357Integrative Genomics Core, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010 USA
| | - Zheng Liu
- grid.410425.60000 0004 0421 8357Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010 USA
| | - Yate-Ching Yuan
- grid.410425.60000 0004 0421 8357Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010 USA
| | - Chao Guo
- grid.410425.60000 0004 0421 8357Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010 USA
| | - Charles Wang
- grid.410425.60000 0004 0421 8357Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010 USA ,grid.43582.380000 0000 9852 649XPresent Address: Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92350 USA
| | - Jinhui Wang
- grid.410425.60000 0004 0421 8357Integrative Genomics Core, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010 USA
| | - Xiwei Wu
- grid.410425.60000 0004 0421 8357Integrative Genomics Core, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010 USA
| | - Richard Ermel
- grid.410425.60000 0004 0421 8357Center for Comparative Medicine, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010 USA
| | | | - Xiuli Wang
- grid.410425.60000 0004 0421 8357Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010 USA
| | - Christine Brown
- grid.410425.60000 0004 0421 8357Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010 USA
| | - Stephen Forman
- grid.410425.60000 0004 0421 8357Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010 USA
| | - Yaling Yang
- grid.240145.60000 0001 2291 4776Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - M. James You
- grid.240145.60000 0001 2291 4776Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - WenYong Chen
- grid.410425.60000 0004 0421 8357Department of Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010 USA
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21
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Liu X, Sato N, Shimosato Y, Wang TW, Denda T, Chang YH, Yabushita T, Fujino T, Asada S, Tanaka Y, Fukuyama T, Enomoto Y, Ota Y, Sakamoto T, Kitamura T, Goyama S. CHIP-associated mutant ASXL1 in blood cells promotes solid tumor progression. Cancer Sci 2022; 113:1182-1194. [PMID: 35133065 PMCID: PMC8990791 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP) is an age‐associated phenomenon characterized by clonal expansion of blood cells harboring somatic mutations in hematopoietic genes, including DNMT3A, TET2, and ASXL1. Clinical evidence suggests that CHIP is highly prevalent and associated with poor prognosis in solid‐tumor patients. However, whether blood cells with CHIP mutations play a causal role in promoting the development of solid tumors remained unclear. Using conditional knock‐in mice that express CHIP‐associated mutant Asxl1 (Asxl1‐MT), we showed that expression of Asxl1‐MT in T cells, but not in myeloid cells, promoted solid‐tumor progression in syngeneic transplantation models. We also demonstrated that Asxl1‐MT–expressing blood cells accelerated the development of spontaneous mammary tumors induced by MMTV‐PyMT. Intratumor analysis of the mammary tumors revealed the reduced T‐cell infiltration at tumor sites and programmed death receptor‐1 (PD‐1) upregulation in CD8+ T cells in MMTV‐PyMT/Asxl1‐MT mice. In addition, we found that Asxl1‐MT induced T‐cell dysregulation, including aberrant intrathymic T‐cell development, decreased CD4/CD8 ratio, and naïve‐memory imbalance in peripheral T cells. These results indicate that Asxl1‐MT perturbs T‐cell development and function, which contributes to creating a protumor microenvironment for solid tumors. Thus, our findings raise the possibility that ASXL1‐mutated blood cells exacerbate solid‐tumor progression in ASXL1‐CHIP carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Liu
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naru Sato
- Division of Cellular Therapy, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuko Shimosato
- Division of Cellular Therapy, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Teh-Wei Wang
- Division of Cancer Cell Biology, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tamami Denda
- Department of Pathology, The Institute of Medical Science Research Hospital, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yu-Hsuan Chang
- Division of Cellular Therapy, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Yabushita
- Division of Cellular Therapy, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Fujino
- Division of Cellular Therapy, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuhei Asada
- Division of Cellular Therapy, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,The Institute of Laboratory Animals, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yosuke Tanaka
- Division of Cellular Therapy, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomofusa Fukuyama
- Division of Cellular Therapy, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yutaka Enomoto
- Division of Cellular Therapy, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasunori Ota
- Department of Pathology, The Institute of Medical Science Research Hospital, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeharu Sakamoto
- Department of Cancer Biology, Institute of Biomedical Science, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toshio Kitamura
- Division of Cellular Therapy, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Susumu Goyama
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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22
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Cook MR, Karp JE, Lai C. The spectrum of genetic mutations in myelodysplastic syndrome: Should we update prognostication? EJHAEM 2022; 3:301-313. [PMID: 35846202 PMCID: PMC9176033 DOI: 10.1002/jha2.317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The natural history of patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is dependent upon the presence and magnitude of diverse genetic and molecular aberrations. The International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS) and revised IPSS (IPSS-R) are the most widely used classification and prognostic systems; however, somatic mutations are not currently incorporated into these systems, despite evidence of their independent impact on prognosis. Our manuscript reviews prognostic information for TP53, EZH2, DNMT3A, ASXL1, RUNX1, SRSF2, CBL, IDH 1/2, TET2, BCOR, ETV6, GATA2, U2AF1, ZRSR2, RAS, STAG2, and SF3B1. Mutations in TP53, EZH2, ASXL1, DNMT3A, RUNX1, SRSF2, and CBL have extensive evidence for their negative impact on survival, whereas SF3B1 is the lone mutation carrying a favorable prognosis. We use the existing literature to propose the incorporation of somatic mutations into the IPSS-R. More data are needed to define the broad spectrum of other genetic lesions, as well as the impact of variant allele frequencies, class of mutation, and impact of multiple interactive genomic lesions. We postulate that the incorporation of these data into MDS prognostication systems will not only enhance our therapeutic decision making but lead to targeted treatment in an attempt to improve outcomes in this formidable disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R. Cook
- Division of Hematology and OncologyLombardi Comprehensive Cancer CenterGeorgetown University HospitalWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA
| | - Judith E. Karp
- Divison of Hematology and OncologyThe Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer CenterJohns Hopkins University HospitalBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Catherine Lai
- Division of Hematology and OncologyLombardi Comprehensive Cancer CenterGeorgetown University HospitalWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA
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23
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Porazzi P, Petruk S, Pagliaroli L, De Dominici M, Deming D, Puccetti MV, Kushinsky S, Kumar G, Minieri V, Barbieri E, Deliard S, Grande A, Trizzino M, Gardini A, Canaani E, Palmisiano N, Porcu P, Ertel A, Fortina PM, Eischen CM, Mazo A, Calabretta B. Targeting chemotherapy to de-condensed H3K27me3-marked chromatin of AML cells enhances leukemia suppression. Cancer Res 2021; 82:458-471. [PMID: 34903608 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-21-1297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Despite treatment with intensive chemotherapy, acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remains an aggressive malignancy with a dismal outcome in most patients. We found that AML cells exhibit an unusually rapid accumulation of the repressive histone mark H3K27me3 on nascent DNA. In cell lines, primary cells and xenograft mouse models, inhibition of the H3K27 histone methyltransferase EZH2 to de-condense the H3K27me3-marked chromatin of AML cells enhanced chromatin accessibility and chemotherapy-induced DNA damage, apoptosis, and leukemia suppression. These effects were further promoted when chromatin de-condensation of AML cells was induced upon S-phase entry after release from a transient G1 arrest mediated by CDK4/6 inhibition. In the p53-null KG-1 and THP-1 AML cell lines, EZH2 inhibitor and doxorubicin co-treatment induced transcriptional reprogramming that was, in part, dependent on de-repression of H3K27me3-marked gene promoters and led to increased expression of cell death-promoting and growth-inhibitory genes. In conclusion, decondensing H3K27me3-marked chromatin by EZH2 inhibition represents a promising approach to improve the efficacy of DNA-damaging cytotoxic agents in AML patients. This strategy might allow for a lowering of chemotherapy doses with a consequent reduction of treatment-related side effects in elderly AML patients or those with significant comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Porazzi
- Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University
| | - Svetlana Petruk
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Kimmel Cancer Center,, Thomas Jefferson University
| | - Luca Pagliaroli
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center,, Thomas Jefferson University
| | | | - David Deming
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Kimmel Cancer Center,, Thomas Jefferson University
| | - Matthew V Puccetti
- Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University
| | - Saul Kushinsky
- Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University
| | - Gaurav Kumar
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University
| | - Valentina Minieri
- Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University
| | - Elisa Barbieri
- Gene Expression and Regulation Program, The Wistar Institute
| | - Sandra Deliard
- Gene Expression and Regulation Program, The Wistar Institute
| | - Alexis Grande
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia
| | - Marco Trizzino
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Kimmel Cancer Center,, Thomas Jefferson University
| | | | - Eli Canaani
- The Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science
| | | | | | - Adam Ertel
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University
| | | | | | - Alexander Mazo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Kimmel Cancer Center,, Thomas Jefferson University
| | - Bruno Calabretta
- Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University
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24
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Mouse Models of Frequently Mutated Genes in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13246192. [PMID: 34944812 PMCID: PMC8699817 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13246192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia is a clinically and biologically heterogeneous blood cancer with variable prognosis and response to conventional therapies. Comprehensive sequencing enabled the discovery of recurrent mutations and chromosomal aberrations in AML. Mouse models are essential to study the biological function of these genes and to identify relevant drug targets. This comprehensive review describes the evidence currently available from mouse models for the leukemogenic function of mutations in seven functional gene groups: cell signaling genes, epigenetic modifier genes, nucleophosmin 1 (NPM1), transcription factors, tumor suppressors, spliceosome genes, and cohesin complex genes. Additionally, we provide a synergy map of frequently cooperating mutations in AML development and correlate prognosis of these mutations with leukemogenicity in mouse models to better understand the co-dependence of mutations in AML.
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25
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Oncogenic Truncations of ASXL1 Enhance a Motif for BRD4 ET-Domain Binding. J Mol Biol 2021; 433:167242. [PMID: 34536441 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2021.167242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Proper regulation of gene-expression relies on specific protein-protein interactions between a myriad of epigenetic regulators. As such, mutation of genes encoding epigenetic regulators often drive cancer and developmental disorders. Additional sex combs-like protein 1 (ASXL1) is a key example, where mutations frequently drive haematological cancers and can cause developmental disorders. It has been reported that nonsense mutations in ASXL1 promote an interaction with BRD4, another central epigenetic regulator. Here we provide a molecular mechanism for the BRD4-ASXL1 interaction, demonstrating that a motif near to common truncation breakpoints of ASXL1 contains an epitope that binds the ET domain within BRD4. Binding-studies show that this interaction is analogous to common ET-binding modes of BRD4-interactors, and that all three ASX-like protein orthologs (ASXL1-3) contain a functional ET domain-binding epitope. Crucially, we observe that BRD4-ASXL1 binding is markedly increased in the prevalent ASXL1Y591X truncation that maintains the BRD4-binding epitope, relative to full-length ASXL1 or truncated proteins that delete the epitope. Together, these results show that ASXL1 truncation enhances BRD4 recruitment to transcriptional complexes via its ET domain, which could misdirect regulatory activity of either BRD4 or ASXL1 and may inform potential therapeutic interventions.
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26
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BCL11A promotes myeloid leukemogenesis by repressing PU.1 target genes. Blood Adv 2021; 6:1827-1843. [PMID: 34714913 PMCID: PMC8941473 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2021004558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BCL11A promotes myeloid leukemogenesis via the repression of PU.1 target genes. Inhibition of corepressors abrogates the BCL11A function, inducing growth suppression and inhibition of engraftment in AML.
The transcriptional repressor BCL11A is involved in hematological malignancies, B-cell development, and fetal-to-adult hemoglobin switching. However, the molecular mechanism by which it promotes the development of myeloid leukemia remains largely unknown. We find that Bcl11a cooperates with the pseudokinase Trib1 in the development of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Bcl11a promotes the proliferation and engraftment of Trib1-expressing AML cells in vitro and in vivo. Chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing analysis showed that, upon DNA binding, Bcl11a is significantly associated with PU.1, an inducer of myeloid differentiation, and that Bcl11a represses several PU.1 target genes, such as Asb2, Clec5a, and Fcgr3. Asb2, as a Bcl11a target gene that modulates cytoskeleton and cell-cell interaction, plays a key role in Bcl11a-induced malignant progression. The repression of PU.1 target genes by Bcl11a is achieved by sequence-specific DNA-binding activity and recruitment of corepressors by Bcl11a. Suppression of the corepressor components HDAC and LSD1 reverses the repressive activity. Moreover, treatment of AML cells with the HDAC inhibitor pracinostat and the LSD1 inhibitor GSK2879552 resulted in growth inhibition in vitro and in vivo. High BCL11A expression is associated with worse prognosis in humans with AML. Blocking of BCL11A expression upregulates the expression of PU.1 target genes and inhibits the growth of HL-60 cells and their engraftment to the bone marrow, suggesting that BCL11A is involved in human myeloid malignancies via the suppression of PU.1 transcriptional activity.
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27
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Liao M, Dong Q, Chen R, Xu L, Jiang Y, Guo Z, Xiao M, He W, Cao C, Hu R, Sun W, Jiang H, Wang J. Oridonin inhibits DNMT3A R882 mutation-driven clonal hematopoiesis and leukemia by inducing apoptosis and necroptosis. Cell Death Discov 2021; 7:297. [PMID: 34663800 PMCID: PMC8523644 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-021-00697-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase 3A (DNMT3A) mutations occur in ~20% of de novo acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients, and >50% of these mutations in AML samples are heterozygous missense alterations within the methyltransferase domain at residue R882. DNMT3A R882 mutations in AML patients promote resistance to anthracycline chemotherapy and drive relapse. In this study, we performed high-throughput screening and identified that oridonin, an ent-kaurene diterpenoid extracted from the Chinese herb Rabdosia rubescens, inhibits DNMT3A R882 mutant leukemic cells at a low-micromolar concentration (IC50 = 2.1 µM) by activating both RIPK1-Caspase-8-Caspase-3-mediated apoptosis and RIPK1-RIPK3-MLKL-mediated necroptosis. The inhibitory effect of oridonin against DNMT3A R882 mutant leukemia cells can also be observed in vivo. Furthermore, oridonin inhibits clonal hematopoiesis of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) with Dnmt3a R878H mutation comparing to normal HSCs by inducing apoptosis and necroptosis. Overall, oridonin is a potential and promising drug candidate or lead compound targeting DNMT3A R882 mutation-driven clonal hematopoiesis and leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Liao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Qiongye Dong
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing, Advanced Computer Research Center, Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China
| | - Ruiqing Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Liqian Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Yuxuan Jiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenxing Guo
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, First Hospital of Tsinghua University, 100016, Beijing, China
| | - Min Xiao
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei He
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Changcai Cao
- Shandong Hongmai Biotechnology Co., Ltd. Room 1201, building B, Research Institute of Tianjin University, No. 51, Lutai Avenue, Zibo High tech Zone, 255000, Tianjin, China
| | - Ronghua Hu
- Department of Hematology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100053, Beijing, China
| | - Wanling Sun
- Department of Hematology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100053, Beijing, China.
| | - Hong Jiang
- Kidney Disease Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310003, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Jianwei Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China.
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28
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Cao L, Xia X, Kong Y, Jia F, Yuan B, Li R, Li Q, Wang Y, Cui M, Dai Z, Zheng H, Christensen J, Zhou Y, Wu X. Deregulation of tumor suppressive ASXL1-PTEN/AKT axis in myeloid malignancies. J Mol Cell Biol 2021; 12:688-699. [PMID: 32236560 PMCID: PMC7749738 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjaa011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations of epigenetic regulators are pervasive in human tumors. ASXL1 is frequently mutated in myeloid malignancies. We previously found that ASXL1 forms together with BAP1 a complex that can deubiquitinylate mono-ubiquitinylated lysine 119 on histone H2A (H2AK119ub1), a Polycomb repressive mark. However, a complete mechanistic understanding of ASXL1 in transcriptional regulation and tumor suppression remains to be defined. Here, we find that depletion of Asxl1 confers murine 32D cells to IL3-independent growth at least partly due to sustained activation of PI3K/AKT signaling. Consistently, Asxl1 is critical for the transcriptional activation of Pten, a key negative regulator of AKT activity. Then we confirm that Asxl1 is specifically enriched and required for H2AK119 deubiquitylation at the Pten promoter. Interestingly, ASXL1 and PTEN expression levels are positively correlated in human blood cells and ASXL1 mutations are associated with lower expression levels of PTEN in human myeloid malignancies. Furthermore, malignant cells with ASXL1 downregulation or mutations exhibit higher sensitivity to the AKT inhibitor MK2206. Collectively, this study has linked the PTEN/AKT signaling axis to deregulated epigenetic changes in myeloid malignancies. It also provides a rationale for mechanism-based therapy for patients with ASXL1 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Cao
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Department of Cell Biology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Xianyou Xia
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Department of Cell Biology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Yu Kong
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Department of Cell Biology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Fengqin Jia
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Basic Medical Science Education, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Bo Yuan
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Basic Medical Science Education, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Rui Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Department of Cell Biology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Qian Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Department of Cell Biology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Yuxin Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Department of Cell Biology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Mingrui Cui
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Department of Cell Biology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Zhongye Dai
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Department of Cell Biology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Huimin Zheng
- Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Jesper Christensen
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre and Centre for Epigenetics, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Yuan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Xudong Wu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Department of Cell Biology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China.,State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
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29
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Yamamoto K, Goyama S, Asada S, Fujino T, Yonezawa T, Sato N, Takeda R, Tsuchiya A, Fukuyama T, Tanaka Y, Yokoyama A, Toya H, Kon A, Nannya Y, Onoguchi-Mizutani R, Nakagawa S, Hirose T, Ogawa S, Akimitsu N, Kitamura T. A histone modifier, ASXL1, interacts with NONO and is involved in paraspeckle formation in hematopoietic cells. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109576. [PMID: 34433054 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Paraspeckles are membraneless organelles formed through liquid-liquid phase separation and consist of multiple proteins and RNAs, including NONO, SFPQ, and NEAT1. The role of paraspeckles and the component NONO in hematopoiesis remains unknown. In this study, we show histone modifier ASXL1 is involved in paraspeckle formation. ASXL1 forms phase-separated droplets, upregulates NEAT1 expression, and increases NONO-NEAT1 interactions through the C-terminal intrinsically disordered region (IDR). In contrast, a pathogenic ASXL mutant (ASXL1-MT) lacking IDR does not support the interaction of paraspeckle components. Furthermore, paraspeckles are disrupted and Nono localization is abnormal in the cytoplasm of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) derived from ASXL1-MT knockin mice. Nono depletion and the forced expression of cytoplasmic NONO impair the repopulating potential of HSPCs, as does ASXL1-MT. Our study indicates a link between ASXL1 and paraspeckle components in the maintenance of normal hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keita Yamamoto
- Division of Cellular Therapy, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Susumu Goyama
- Division of Cellular Therapy, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuhei Asada
- Division of Cellular Therapy, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; The Institute of Laboratory Animals, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Fujino
- Division of Cellular Therapy, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taishi Yonezawa
- Division of Cellular Therapy, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naru Sato
- Division of Cellular Therapy, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Reina Takeda
- Division of Cellular Therapy, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akiho Tsuchiya
- Division of Cellular Therapy, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomofusa Fukuyama
- Division of Cellular Therapy, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yosuke Tanaka
- Division of Cellular Therapy, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihiko Yokoyama
- National Cancer Center Tsuruoka Metabolomics Laboratory, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Hikaru Toya
- RNA Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Ayana Kon
- Department of Pathology and Tumor Biology, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yasuhito Nannya
- Department of Pathology and Tumor Biology, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - Shinichi Nakagawa
- RNA Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Hirose
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Seishi Ogawa
- Department of Pathology and Tumor Biology, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - Toshio Kitamura
- Division of Cellular Therapy, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
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30
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Role of the HOXA cluster in HSC emergence and blood cancer. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 49:1817-1827. [PMID: 34374409 DOI: 10.1042/bst20210234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoiesis, the process of blood formation, is controlled by a complex developmental program that involves intrinsic and extrinsic regulators. Blood formation is critical to normal embryonic development and during embryogenesis distinct waves of hematopoiesis have been defined that represent the emergence of hematopoietic stem or progenitor cells. The Class I family of homeobox (HOX) genes are also critical for normal embryonic development, whereby mutations are associated with malformations and deformity. Recently, members of the HOXA cluster (comprising 11 genes and non-coding RNA elements) have been associated with the emergence and maintenance of long-term repopulating HSCs. Previous studies identified a gradient of HOXA expression from high in HSCs to low in circulating peripheral cells, indicating their importance in maintaining blood cell numbers and differentiation state. Indeed, dysregulation of HOXA genes either directly or by genetic lesions of upstream regulators correlates with a malignant phenotype. This review discusses the role of the HOXA cluster in both HSC emergence and blood cancer formation highlighting the need for further research to identify specific roles of these master regulators in normal and malignant hematopoiesis.
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31
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Trivedi G, Inoue D, Zhang L. Targeting low-risk myelodysplastic syndrome with novel therapeutic strategies. Trends Mol Med 2021; 27:990-999. [PMID: 34257007 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2021.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is a group of hematopoietic disorders with limited treatment options. Anemia is a common symptom in MDS, and although erythropoiesis-stimulating agents such as erythropoietin, lenalidomide, and luspatercept are available to treat anemia, many MDS patients do not respond to these first-line therapies. Therefore, alternative drug development strategies are needed to improve therapeutic efficacy. Splicing modulators to correct splicing-related defects have shown promising results in clinical trials. Targeting differentiation of early erythroid progenitors to increase the erythroid output in MDS is another novel approach, which has shown encouraging results at the pre-clinical stage. Together, these therapeutic strategies provide new avenues to target MDS symptoms untreatable previously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurang Trivedi
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA; Genetics Program, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Daichi Inoue
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Institute of Biomedical Research and Innovation, Foundation for Biomedical Research and Innovation at Kobe, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Lingbo Zhang
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA.
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32
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Bai J, Chen Z, Chen C, Zhang M, Zhang Y, Song J, Yuan J, Jiang X, Xing W, Yang J, Bai J, Zhou Y. Reducing hyperactivated BAP1 attenuates mutant ASXL1-driven myeloid malignancies in human haematopoietic cells. Cancer Lett 2021; 519:78-90. [PMID: 34186160 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Additional sex combs-like 1 (ASXL1) is frequently mutated in a variety of myeloid malignancies, resulting in expression of a C-terminal-truncated ASXL1 protein that confers gain of function on the ASXL1-BAP1 deubiquitinase (DUB) complex. Several studies have reported that hyperactivity of BRCA-1-associated protein 1 (BAP1) in deubiquitinating mono-ubiquitinated histone H2AK119 is one of the critical molecular mechanisms in ASXL1 mutation-driven myeloid malignancies in mice. In this study, we found that human haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) overexpressing truncated ASXL1 (ASXL1Y591X) developed an MDS-like phenotype similar to that induced by overexpression of BAP1. We then used shRNAs targeting BAP1 in ASXL1Y591X-overexpressing HSPCs and primary leukaemia cells with ASXL1 mutation, demonstrating that reduced BAP1 expression can partially rescue the pathological consequences. RNA sequencing and chromatin immunoprecipitation coupled with quantitative PCR analyses revealed that reduced BAP1 expression suppressed upregulation of the transcription factors AP-1 and EGR1/2, as well as myeloid dysplasia-associated genes, by retarding H2AK119Ub removal caused by ASXL1 mutation. This study indicates that targeting the hyperactive ASXL1-BAP1 DUB complex can attenuate mutant ASXL1-driven myeloid malignancies in human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaojiao Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Zizhen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Chao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Mingying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Yuhui Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300211, China
| | - Junzhe Song
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Jiajia Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Xiao Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Wen Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Jing Yang
- International Cooperation Laboratory of Stem Cell Research, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Jie Bai
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300211, China.
| | - Yuan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China.
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Epigenetic dysregulation in myeloid malignancies. Blood 2021; 138:613-624. [PMID: 34157099 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2019004262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic deregulation is now a well-recognized -though not yet fully understood- mechanism that contributes to the development and progression of myeloid malignancies. In the past 15 years, next generation sequencing studies have revealed patterns of aberrant DNA methylation, altered chromatin states, and mutations in chromatin modifiers across the spectrum of myeloid malignancies. Studies into the mechanisms that drive these diseases through mouse modeling have helped identify new avenues for therapeutic interventions, from initial treatment to resistant, relapsed disease. This is particularly significant when chemotherapy with cytotoxic agents remains the general standard of care. In this review, we will discuss some of the recent findings of epigenetic mechanisms and how these are informing the development of more targeted strategies for therapeutic intervention in myeloid malignancies.
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Epigenetic targeted therapy of stabilized BAP1 in ASXL1 gain-of-function mutated leukemia. NATURE CANCER 2021; 2:515-526. [PMID: 35122023 DOI: 10.1038/s43018-021-00199-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Mutations of ASXL1, encoding a component of the BAP1 histone H2A deubiquitinase complex, occur in human myeloid neoplasms and are uniformly associated with poor prognosis. However, the precise molecular mechanisms through which ASXL1 mutations alter BAP1 activity and drive leukemogenesis remain unclear. Here we demonstrate that cancer-associated frameshift mutations in ASXL1, which were originally proposed to act as destabilizing loss-of-function mutations, in fact encode stable truncated gain-of-function proteins. Truncated ASXL1 increases BAP1 protein stability, enhances BAP1 recruitment to chromatin and promotes the expression of a pro-leukemic transcriptional signature. Through a biochemical screen, we identified BAP1 catalytic inhibitors that inhibit truncated-ASXL1-driven leukemic gene expression and impair tumor progression in vivo. This study represents a breakthrough in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of ASXL1 mutations in leukemia pathogenesis and identifies small-molecular catalytic inhibitors of BAP1 as a potential targeted therapy for leukemia.
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Veiga CB, Lawrence EM, Murphy AJ, Herold MJ, Dragoljevic D. Myelodysplasia Syndrome, Clonal Hematopoiesis and Cardiovascular Disease. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13081968. [PMID: 33921778 PMCID: PMC8073047 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13081968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The development of blood cancers is a complex process that involves the acquisition of specific blood disorders that precede cancer. These blood disorders are often driven by the accumulation of genetic abnormalities, which are discussed in this review. Likewise, predicting the rate of progression of these diseases is difficult, but it appears to be linked to which specific gene mutations are present in blood cells. In this review, we discuss a variety of genetic abnormalities that drive blood cancer, conditions that precede clinical symptoms of blood cancer, and how alterations in these genes change blood cell function. Additionally, we discuss the novel links between blood cancer development and heart disease. Abstract The development of myelodysplasia syndromes (MDS) is multiphasic and can be driven by a plethora of genetic mutations and/or abnormalities. MDS is characterized by a hematopoietic differentiation block, evidenced by increased immature hematopoietic cells, termed blast cells and decreased mature circulating leukocytes in at least one lineage (i.e., cytopenia). Clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP) is a recently described phenomenon preceding MDS development that is driven by somatic mutations in hemopoietic stem cells (HSCs). These mutant HSCs have a competitive advantage over healthy cells, resulting in an expansion of these clonal mutated leukocytes. In this review, we discuss the multiphasic development of MDS, the common mutations found in both MDS and CHIP, how a loss-of-function in these CHIP-related genes can alter HSC function and leukocyte development and the potential disease outcomes that can occur with dysfunctional HSCs. In particular, we discuss the novel connections between MDS development and cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Bertuzzo Veiga
- Division of Immunometabolism, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; (C.B.V.); (A.J.M.)
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Erin M. Lawrence
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1 G Royal Parade, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; (E.M.L.); (M.J.H.)
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Andrew J. Murphy
- Division of Immunometabolism, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; (C.B.V.); (A.J.M.)
- Department of Diabetes, Department of Immunology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3004, Australia
- Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Marco J. Herold
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1 G Royal Parade, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; (E.M.L.); (M.J.H.)
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Dragana Dragoljevic
- Division of Immunometabolism, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; (C.B.V.); (A.J.M.)
- Department of Diabetes, Department of Immunology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3004, Australia
- Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
- Correspondence:
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Benlabiod C, Dagher T, Marty C, Villeval JL. Lessons from mouse models of MPN. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 366:125-185. [PMID: 35153003 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2021.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decades, a variety of MPN mouse models have been developed to express in HSC the main mutations identified in patients: JAK2V617F, CALRdel52 or ins5 and MPLW515L. These models mimic quite faithfully human PV or ET with their natural evolutions into MF and their hemostasis complications, demonstrating the driver function of these mutations in MPN. Here, we review these models and show how they have improved our general understanding of MPN regarding (1) the mechanisms of fibrosis, thrombosis/hemorrhages and disease initiation, (2) the roles of additional mutations and signaling pathways in disease progression and (3) the preclinical development of novel therapies. We also address controversial results between these models and remind how these models may differ from human MPN onset and also how basically mice are not humans, encouraging caution when one draw lessons from mice to humans. Furthermore, the contribution of germline genetic predisposition, HSC and niche aging, metabolic, oxidative, replicative or genotoxic stress, inflammation, immune escape and additional mutations need to be considered in further investigations to encompass the full complexity of human MPN in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camelia Benlabiod
- INSERM, UMR 1287, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France; Université Paris-Saclay, UMR 1287, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France; Gustave Roussy, UMR 1287, Villejuif, France
| | - Tracy Dagher
- INSERM, UMR 1287, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France; Université Paris-Saclay, UMR 1287, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France; Gustave Roussy, UMR 1287, Villejuif, France
| | - Caroline Marty
- INSERM, UMR 1287, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France; Université Paris-Saclay, UMR 1287, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France; Gustave Roussy, UMR 1287, Villejuif, France.
| | - Jean-Luc Villeval
- INSERM, UMR 1287, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France; Université Paris-Saclay, UMR 1287, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France; Gustave Roussy, UMR 1287, Villejuif, France.
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Kishtagari A, Levine RL. The Role of Somatic Mutations in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Pathogenesis. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2021; 11:cshperspect.a034975. [PMID: 32398288 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a034975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is characterized by attenuation of lineage differentiation trajectories that results in impaired hematopoiesis and enhanced self-renewal. To date, sequencing studies have provided a rich landscape of information on the somatic mutations that contribute to AML pathogenesis. These studies show that most AML genomes harbor relatively fewer mutations, which are acquired in a stepwise manner. Our understanding of the genetic basis of leukemogenesis informs a broader understanding of what initiates and maintains the AML clone and informs the development of prognostic models and mechanism-based therapeutic strategies. Here, we explore the current knowledge of genetic and epigenetic aberrations in AML pathogenesis and how recent studies are expanding our knowledge of leukemogenesis and using this to accelerate therapeutic development for AML patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwin Kishtagari
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA.,Department of Hematology and Oncology, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
| | - Ross L Levine
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA.,Department of Medicine, Leukemia Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA.,Center for Epigenetics Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA.,Center for Hematologic Malignancies, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA.,Molecular Cancer Medicine Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
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Cao L, Li R, Wu X. The Functions and Mechanisms of PR-DUB in Malignancy. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:657150. [PMID: 33796551 PMCID: PMC8008992 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.657150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The interplay between cancer genome and deregulated epigenomic control is critical for cancer initiation and progression. ASXL1 (Additional Sex combs-like 1) is frequently mutated in tumors especially myeloid malignancies. However, there remains a debate whether the mutations are loss or gain-of-function. Mechanistically, ASXL1 forms a complex with BAP1 for the erasure of mono-ubiquitylation at lysine 119 on Histone H2A (H2AK119ub1), a well-known histone mark associated with transcription repression. Unexpectedly, this de-ubiquitylation complex has been genetically defined as a Polycomb Repressive complex though the regulatory mechanisms are elusive. In this review, we will discuss about the functions of ASXL1 in malignancies and reconcile seemingly paradoxical effects of ASXL1 or BAP1 loss on transcription regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Rui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xudong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
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Cordonnier G, Mandoli A, Cagnard N, Hypolite G, Lhermitte L, Verhoeyen E, Asnafi V, Dillon N, Macintyre E, Martens JHA, Bond J. CBFβ-SMMHC Affects Genome-wide Polycomb Repressive Complex 1 Activity in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Cell Rep 2021; 30:299-307.e3. [PMID: 31940477 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations and deletions of polycomb repressive complex (PRC) components are increasingly recognized to affect tumor biology in a range of cancers. However, little is known about how genetic alterations of PRC-interacting molecules such as the core binding factor (CBF) complex influence polycomb activity. We report that the acute myeloid leukemia (AML)-associated CBFβ-SMMHC fusion oncoprotein physically interacts with the PRC1 complex and that these factors co-localize across the AML genome in an apparently PRC2-independent manner. Depletion of CBFβ-SMMHC caused substantial increases in genome-wide PRC1 binding and marked changes in the association between PRC1 and the CBF DNA-binding subunit RUNX1. PRC1 was more likely to be associated with actively transcribed genes in CBFβ-SMMHC-expressing cells. CBFβ-SMMHC depletion had heterogeneous effects on gene expression, including significant reductions in transcription of ribosomal loci occupied by PRC1. Our results provide evidence that CBFβ-SMMHC markedly and diversely affects polycomb recruitment and transcriptional regulation across the AML genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaëlle Cordonnier
- Université Paris Descartes Sorbonne Cité, Institut Necker Enfants Malades (INEM), Institut National de Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1151, Paris, France; Laboratory of Onco-Hematology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Amit Mandoli
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Nicolas Cagnard
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Paris Descartes, Bioinformatics Platform, Paris, France
| | - Guillaume Hypolite
- Université Paris Descartes Sorbonne Cité, Institut Necker Enfants Malades (INEM), Institut National de Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1151, Paris, France; Laboratory of Onco-Hematology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Ludovic Lhermitte
- Université Paris Descartes Sorbonne Cité, Institut Necker Enfants Malades (INEM), Institut National de Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1151, Paris, France; Laboratory of Onco-Hematology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Els Verhoeyen
- CIRI, International Center for Infectiology Research, EVIR Team, Université de Lyon, INSERM U1111, Lyon, France; Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM, C3M, 06204 Nice, France
| | - Vahid Asnafi
- Université Paris Descartes Sorbonne Cité, Institut Necker Enfants Malades (INEM), Institut National de Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1151, Paris, France; Laboratory of Onco-Hematology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Niall Dillon
- Gene Regulation and Chromatin Group, MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Elizabeth Macintyre
- Université Paris Descartes Sorbonne Cité, Institut Necker Enfants Malades (INEM), Institut National de Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1151, Paris, France; Laboratory of Onco-Hematology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Joost H A Martens
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Jonathan Bond
- Université Paris Descartes Sorbonne Cité, Institut Necker Enfants Malades (INEM), Institut National de Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1151, Paris, France; Laboratory of Onco-Hematology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France; Systems Biology Ireland, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; National Children's Research Centre, Children's Health Ireland at Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland.
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van Dijk AD, Hoff FW, Qiu YH, Chandra J, Jabbour E, de Bont ESJM, Horton TM, Kornblau SM. Loss of H3K27 methylation identifies poor outcomes in adult-onset acute leukemia. Clin Epigenetics 2021; 13:21. [PMID: 33509276 PMCID: PMC7841917 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-021-01011-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Acute leukemia is an epigenetically heterogeneous disease. The intensity of treatment is currently guided by cytogenetic and molecular genetic risk classifications; however these incompletely predict outcomes, requiring additional information for more accurate outcome predictions. We aimed to identify potential prognostic implications of epigenetic modification of histone proteins, with a focus on H3K4 and H3K27 methylation marks in relation to mutations in chromatin, splicing and transcriptional regulators in adult-onset acute lymphoblastic and myeloid leukemia. Results Histone 3 lysine 4 di- and trimethylation (H3K4me2, H3K4me3) and lysine 27 trimethylation (H3K27me3) mark expression was evaluated in 241 acute myeloid leukemia (AML), 114 B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) and 14T-cell ALL (T-ALL) patient samples at time of diagnosis using reverse phase protein array. Expression levels of the marks were significantly lower in AML than in B and T-ALL in both bone marrow and peripheral blood, as well as compared to normal CD34+ cells. In AML, greater loss of H3K27me3 was associated with increased proliferative potential and shorter overall survival in the whole patient population, as well as in subsets with DNA methylation mutations. To study the prognostic impact of H3K27me3 in the context of cytogenetic aberrations and mutations, multivariate analysis was performed and identified lower H3K27me3 level as an independent unfavorable prognostic factor in all, as well as in TP53 mutated patients. AML with decreased H3K27me3 demonstrated an upregulated anti-apoptotic phenotype. In ALL, the relative quantity of histone methylation expression correlated with response to tyrosine kinase inhibitor in patients who carried the Philadelphia cytogenetic aberration and prior smoking behavior. Conclusion This study shows that proteomic profiling of epigenetic modifications has clinical implications in acute leukemia and supports the idea that epigenetic patterns contribute to a more accurate picture of the leukemic state that complements cytogenetic and molecular genetic subgrouping. A combination of these variables may offer more accurate outcome prediction and we suggest that histone methylation mark measurement at time of diagnosis might be a suitable method to improve patient outcome prediction and subsequent treatment intensity stratification in selected subgroups.
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Affiliation(s)
- A D van Dijk
- Department of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - F W Hoff
- Department of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Y H Qiu
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - J Chandra
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - E Jabbour
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - E S J M de Bont
- Department of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - T M Horton
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - S M Kornblau
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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Lee JH, Lee JH, Ahn BK, Paik SS, Kim H, Lee KH. Loss of ASXL1 expression is associated with lymph node metastasis in colorectal cancer. INDIAN J PATHOL MICR 2021; 63:221-225. [PMID: 32317519 DOI: 10.4103/ijpm.ijpm_822_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Context The function of ASXL1 in colorectal cancer (CRC) has not been investigated yet. Aims The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinicopathological and prognostic impact of ASXL1 expression on CRC. Settings and Design The intensity of expression was scored as 0-3, and the extent of staining was scored as 0-4, based on the percentage of positive cells. The immunoreactivity score (IRS) was calculated by multiplying the two scores. Materials and Methods We performed immunohistochemical staining of ASXL1 using tissue microarrays of 408 CRCs, 46 normal colonic mucosae, 48 adenomas, and 92 metastatic lymph nodes. Statistical Analysis Used Clinicopathological variables were compared using Fisher's exact test, χ2-test, or unpaired Student's t-test, depending on the nature of the data. Results A negative expression of ASXL1 was observed in 10.9% of normal mucosae, 27.1% of adenomas, 55.6% of adenocarcinomas, and 71.7% of metastatic lymph nodes (P < 0.001). With respect to the IRS cut-off score, lymph node metastasis and lymphatic invasion were more frequent in the IRS 0-6 group than in the IRS 8-12 group (56.3% vs. 33.3%, P = 0.034; 56.0% vs. 33.3%, P = 0.035). The 5-year disease-free survival rate was significantly lower in patients with IRS 0-6 group than those with IRS 8-12 group (78.7 ± 2.5 vs. 100%, P = 0.034). Conclusion ASXL1 might act as a tumor suppressor in CRC. The loss of ASXL1 expression might be associated with lymph node metastasis and lymphatic invasion in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun H Lee
- Department of Surgery, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Guri, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Hee Lee
- Department of Surgery, Dongguk University Medical Center, Gyeongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung K Ahn
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung S Paik
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunsung Kim
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang H Lee
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Montalban-Bravo G, Darbaniyan F, Kanagal-Shamanna R, Ganan-Gomez I, Class CA, Sasaki K, Naqvi K, Wei Y, Yang H, Soltysiak KA, Chien KS, Bueso-Ramos C, Do KA, Kantarjian H, Garcia-Manero G. Type I interferon upregulation and deregulation of genes involved in monopoiesis in chronic myelomonocytic leukemia. Leuk Res 2021; 101:106511. [PMID: 33517186 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2021.106511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) is characterized by myelomonocytic bias and monocytic proliferation. Whether cell-intrinsic innate immune or inflammatory upregulation mediate disease pathogenesis and phenotype or whether the degree of aberrant monocytic differentiation influences outcomes remains unclear. We compared the transcriptomic features of bone marrow CD34+ cells from 19 patients with CMML and compared to healthy individuals. A total of 1495 genes had significantly differential expression in CMML (q<0.05, fold change>2), including 1271 genes that were significantly upregulated and 224 that were significantly downregulated in CMML. Top upregulated genes were associated with interferon (IFN) alpha and beta signaling, chemokine receptors, IFN gamma, G protein-coupled receptor ligand signaling, and genes involved in immunomodulatory interactions between lymphoid and non-lymphoid cells. Additionally, 6 gene sets were differentially upregulated and 139 were significantly downregulated in patients with myeloproliferative compared to myelodysplastic CMML. A total of 23 genes involved in regulation of monopoiesis were upregulated in CMML compared to healthy controls. We developed a prediction model using Cox regression including 3 of these genes, which differentiated patients into two prognostic subsets with distinct survival outcomes. This data warrants further evaluation of the roles and therapeutic potential of type I IFN signaling and monopoiesis in CMML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Montalban-Bravo
- Departments of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States.
| | - Faezeh Darbaniyan
- Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Rashmi Kanagal-Shamanna
- Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Irene Ganan-Gomez
- Departments of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Caleb A Class
- Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States; Butler University, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Koji Sasaki
- Departments of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Kiran Naqvi
- Departments of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Yue Wei
- Departments of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Hui Yang
- Departments of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Kelly A Soltysiak
- Departments of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Kelly S Chien
- Departments of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Carlos Bueso-Ramos
- Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Kim-Anh Do
- Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Hagop Kantarjian
- Departments of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Guillermo Garcia-Manero
- Departments of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
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Asxl1 C-terminal mutation perturbs neutrophil differentiation in zebrafish. Leukemia 2021; 35:2299-2310. [PMID: 33483612 PMCID: PMC8324474 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-021-01121-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
ASXL1 is one of the most frequently mutated genes in malignant myeloid diseases. In patients with myeloid malignancies, ASXL1 mutations are usually heterozygous frameshift or nonsense mutations leading to C-terminal truncation. Current disease models have predominantly total loss of ASXL1 or overexpressed C-terminal truncations. These models cannot fully recapitulate leukemogenesis and disease progression. We generated an endogenous C-terminal-truncated Asxl1 mutant in zebrafish that mimics human myeloid malignancies. At the embryonic stage, neutrophil differentiation was explicitly blocked. At 6 months, mutants initially exhibited a myelodysplastic syndrome-like phenotype with neutrophilic dysplasia. At 1 year, about 13% of mutants further acquired the phenotype of monocytosis, which mimics chronic myelomonocytic leukemia, or increased progenitors, which mimics acute myeloid leukemia. These features are comparable to myeloid malignancy progression in humans. Furthermore, transcriptome analysis, inhibitor treatment, and rescue assays indicated that asxl1-induced neutrophilic dysplasia was associated with reduced expression of bmi1a, a subunit of polycomb repressive complex 1 and a reported myeloid leukemia-associated gene. Our model demonstrated that neutrophilic dysplasia caused by asxl1 mutation is a foundation for the progression of myeloid malignancies, and illustrated a possible effect of the Asxl1-Bmi1a axis on regulating neutrophil development.
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Gonzalez-Lugo JD, Chakraborty S, Verma A, Shastri A. The evolution of epigenetic therapy in myelodysplastic syndromes and acute myeloid leukemia. Semin Hematol 2020; 58:56-65. [PMID: 33509444 DOI: 10.1053/j.seminhematol.2020.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in the group of epigenetic modifiers are the largest group of mutated genes in Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS) and are very frequently found in Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML). Our advancements in the understanding of epigenetics in these diseases have helped develop groundbreaking therapeutics that have changed the treatment landscape of MDS and AML, significantly improving outcomes. In this review we describe the most common epigenetic aberrations in MDS and AML, and current treatments that target mutations in epigenetic modifiers, as well as novel treatment combinations, from standard therapies to investigational treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesus D Gonzalez-Lugo
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies, Department of Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY
| | - Samarpana Chakraborty
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies, Department of Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Molecular & Developmental Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Amit Verma
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies, Department of Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Molecular & Developmental Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Aditi Shastri
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies, Department of Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY; Department of Molecular & Developmental Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY.
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Reddington CJ, Fellner M, Burgess AE, Mace PD. Molecular Regulation of the Polycomb Repressive-Deubiquitinase. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21217837. [PMID: 33105797 PMCID: PMC7660087 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21217837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-translational modification of histone proteins plays a major role in histone–DNA packaging and ultimately gene expression. Attachment of ubiquitin to the C-terminal tail of histone H2A (H2AK119Ub in mammals) is particularly relevant to the repression of gene transcription, and is removed by the Polycomb Repressive-Deubiquitinase (PR-DUB) complex. Here, we outline recent advances in the understanding of PR-DUB regulation, which have come through structural studies of the Drosophila melanogaster PR-DUB, biochemical investigation of the human PR-DUB, and functional studies of proteins that associate with the PR-DUB. In humans, mutations in components of the PR-DUB frequently give rise to malignant mesothelioma, melanomas, and renal cell carcinoma, and increase disease risk from carcinogens. Diverse mechanisms may underlie disruption of the PR-DUB across this spectrum of disease. Comparing and contrasting the PR-DUB in mammals and Drosophila reiterates the importance of H2AK119Ub through evolution, provides clues as to how the PR-DUB is dysregulated in disease, and may enable new treatment approaches in cancers where the PR-DUB is disrupted.
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Ganguly K, Kishore U, Madan T. Interplay between C-type lectin receptors and microRNAs in cellular homeostasis and immune response. FEBS J 2020; 288:4210-4229. [PMID: 33085815 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) belong to the family of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). They have a critical role to play in the regulation of a range of physiological functions including development, respiration, angiogenesis, inflammation, and immunity. CLRs can recognize distinct and conserved exogenous pathogen-associated as well as endogenous damage-associated molecular patterns. These interactions set off downstream signaling cascades, leading to the production of inflammatory mediators, activation of effector immune cells as well as regulation of the developmental and physiological homeostasis. CLR signaling must be tightly controlled to circumvent the excessive inflammatory burden and to maintain the cellular homeostasis. Recently, MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been shown to be important regulators of expression of CLRs and their downstream signaling. The delicate balance between miRNAs and CLRs seems crucial in almost all aspects of multicellular life. Any dysregulations in the miRNA-CLR axes may lead to tumorigenesis or inflammatory diseases. Here, we present an overview of the current understanding of the central role of miRNAs in the regulation of CLR expression, profoundly impacting upon homeostasis and immunity, and thus, development of therapeutics against immune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasturi Ganguly
- Department of Innate Immunity, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Mumbai, India
| | - Uday Kishore
- Biosciences, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK
| | - Taruna Madan
- Department of Innate Immunity, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Mumbai, India
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Clonal hematopoiesis: Molecular basis and clinical relevance. Leuk Res 2020; 98:106457. [PMID: 33010619 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2020.106457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Recent genomics studies have revealed that clonal hematopoietic expansion due to recurrent somatic mutations in hematopoietic cells are common in older people without evidence of hematological malignancies. This phenomenon, termed clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP), is associated with greater risk for hematological malignancy and cardiovascular diseases, leading to decreased overall survival of the affected individuals. The most frequently mutated genes in CHIP cases include genes associated with epigenetic modification, cell signaling, DNA damage response and RNA splicing, which are all recurrently mutated in myeloid malignancies. Recent findings suggest that these genetic alleles exert pleiotropic effects on hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) functions, transcriptional regulations, DNA damage responses and resistance to cellular stresses. Recent studies have uncovered the clinical relevance of CHIP in various settings during the management of hematological malignancies. Elucidating overall picture of clonal evolution based on CHIP will help developing preventive measures and novel treatments for hematological malignancies.
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Kurotaki D, Yoshida H, Tamura T. Epigenetic and transcriptional regulation of osteoclast differentiation. Bone 2020; 138:115471. [PMID: 32526404 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Osteoclasts are derived from mononuclear phagocyte lineage cells and are indispensable for bone resorption. Recent findings suggest that fetal yolk sac macrophage progenitors give rise to neonatal osteoclasts, while hematopoietic stem cell-derived cells, such as monocytes, contribute to maintaining osteoclast syncytia in vivo. Osteoclast differentiation is dependent on macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) and receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) signaling that mediates global epigenetic and transcriptional changes. PU.1 is a transcription factor that establishes cell type-specific enhancer landscapes in osteoclast precursors and mature osteoclasts by collaborating with interferon regulatory factor-8 (IRF8) and nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFATc1), respectively. Irf8 and Nfatc1 genes are tightly controlled by epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation and histone modifications during osteoclastogenesis. Thus, key transcription factors orchestrate osteoclast-specific transcription regulatory networks through epigenetic modifications. In this review, we discuss recent advances in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in osteoclast development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Kurotaki
- Department of Immunology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan.
| | - Haruka Yoshida
- Department of Immunology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Tamura
- Department of Immunology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
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Tan Y, Zheng L, Du Y, Zhong Q, Zhu Y, Liu Z, Liu S, Zhang Q. Identification of the hub genes and pathways involved in acute myeloid leukemia using bioinformatics analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e22047. [PMID: 32871963 PMCID: PMC7458232 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000022047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We identified the hub genes and pathways dysregulated in acute myeloid leukemia and the potential molecular mechanisms involved. METHODS We downloaded the GSE15061 gene expression dataset from the Gene Expression Omnibus database and used weighted gene co-expression network analysis to identify hub genes. Differential expression of the genes was evaluated using the limma package in R software. Subsequently, we built a protein-protein interaction network followed by functional enrichment analysis. Then, the prognostic significance of gene expression was explored in terms of overall survival. Finally, transcription factor-mRNA (ribonucleic acid) and microRNA-mRNA interaction analysis was also explored. RESULTS We identified 100 differentially expressed hub genes. Functional enrichment analysis indicated that the genes were principally involved in immune system regulation, host defense, and negative regulation of apoptosis and myeloid cell differentiation. We identified 4 hub genes, the expression of which was significantly correlated with overall survival. Finally, 26 key regulators for hub genes and 38 microRNA-mRNA interactions were identified. CONCLUSION We performed a comprehensive bioinformatics analysis of hub genes potentially involved in acute myeloid leukemia development. Further molecular biological experiments are required to confirm the roles played by these genes.
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Kolovos P, Nishimura K, Sankar A, Sidoli S, Cloos PA, Helin K, Christensen J. PR-DUB maintains the expression of critical genes through FOXK1/2- and ASXL1/2/3-dependent recruitment to chromatin and H2AK119ub1 deubiquitination. Genome Res 2020; 30:1119-1130. [PMID: 32747411 PMCID: PMC7462075 DOI: 10.1101/gr.261016.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Polycomb group proteins are important for maintaining gene expression patterns and cell identity in metazoans. The mammalian Polycomb repressive deubiquitinase (PR-DUB) complexes catalyze removal of monoubiquitination on lysine 119 of histone H2A (H2AK119ub1) through a multiprotein core comprised of BAP1, HCFC1, FOXK1/2, and OGT in combination with either of ASXL1, 2, or 3. Mutations in PR-DUB components are frequent in cancer. However, mechanistic understanding of PR-DUB function in gene regulation is limited. Here, we show that BAP1 is dependent on the ASXL proteins and FOXK1/2 in facilitating gene activation across the genome. Although PR-DUB was previously shown to cooperate with PRC2, we observed minimal overlap and functional interaction between BAP1 and PRC2 in embryonic stem cells. Collectively, these results demonstrate that PR-DUB, by counteracting accumulation of H2AK119ub1, maintains chromatin in an optimal configuration ensuring expression of genes important for general functions such as cell metabolism and homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petros Kolovos
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark.,The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology (DanStem), University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark.,Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, University Campus Dragana, 68100, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Koutarou Nishimura
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark.,The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology (DanStem), University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark.,Cell Biology Program and Center for Epigenetics Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Aditya Sankar
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark.,The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology (DanStem), University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Simone Sidoli
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, USA
| | - Paul A Cloos
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark.,The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology (DanStem), University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Kristian Helin
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark.,The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology (DanStem), University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark.,Cell Biology Program and Center for Epigenetics Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Jesper Christensen
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark.,The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology (DanStem), University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
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