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Clémot M, D’Alterio C, Kwang AC, Jones DL. mTORC1 is required for differentiation of germline stem cells in the Drosophila melanogaster testis. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0300337. [PMID: 38512882 PMCID: PMC10956854 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolism participates in the control of stem cell function and subsequent maintenance of tissue homeostasis. How this is achieved in the context of adult stem cell niches in coordination with other local and intrinsic signaling cues is not completely understood. The Target of Rapamycin (TOR) pathway is a master regulator of metabolism and plays essential roles in stem cell maintenance and differentiation. In the Drosophila male germline, mTORC1 is active in germline stem cells (GSCs) and early germ cells. Targeted RNAi-mediated downregulation of mTor in early germ cells causes a block and/or a delay in differentiation, resulting in an accumulation of germ cells with GSC-like features. These early germ cells also contain unusually large and dysfunctional autolysosomes. In addition, downregulation of mTor in adult male GSCs and early germ cells causes non-autonomous activation of mTORC1 in neighboring cyst cells, which correlates with a disruption in the coordination of germline and somatic differentiation. Our study identifies a previously uncharacterized role of the TOR pathway in regulating male germline differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Clémot
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Cecilia D’Alterio
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Alexa C. Kwang
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - D. Leanne Jones
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
- Departments of Anatomy, Division of Geriatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
- Departments of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regeneration Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
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2
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Mezawa Y, Wang T, Daigo Y, Takano A, Miyagi Y, Yokose T, Yamashita T, Yang L, Maruyama R, Seimiya H, Orimo A. Glutamine deficiency drives transforming growth factor-β signaling activation that gives rise to myofibroblastic carcinoma-associated fibroblasts. Cancer Sci 2023; 114:4376-4387. [PMID: 37706357 PMCID: PMC10637058 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor-promoting carcinoma-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), abundant in the mammary tumor microenvironment (TME), maintain transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)-Smad2/3 signaling activation and the myofibroblastic state, the hallmark of activated fibroblasts. How myofibroblastic CAFs (myCAFs) arise in the TME and which epigenetic and metabolic alterations underlie activated fibroblastic phenotypes remain, however, poorly understood. We herein show global histone deacetylation in myCAFs present in tumors to be significantly associated with poorer outcomes in breast cancer patients. As the TME is subject to glutamine (Gln) deficiency, human mammary fibroblasts (HMFs) were cultured in Gln-starved medium. Global histone deacetylation and TGF-β-Smad2/3 signaling activation are induced in these cells, largely mediated by class I histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity. Additionally, mechanistic/mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling is attenuated in Gln-starved HMFs, and mTORC1 inhibition in Gln-supplemented HMFs with rapamycin treatment boosts TGF-β-Smad2/3 signaling activation. These data indicate that mTORC1 suppression mediates TGF-β-Smad2/3 signaling activation in Gln-starved HMFs. Global histone deacetylation, class I HDAC activation, and mTORC1 suppression are also observed in cultured human breast CAFs. Class I HDAC inhibition or mTORC1 activation by high-dose Gln supplementation significantly attenuates TGF-β-Smad2/3 signaling and the myofibroblastic state in these cells. These data indicate class I HDAC activation and mTORC1 suppression to be required for maintenance of myCAF traits. Taken together, these findings indicate that Gln starvation triggers TGF-β signaling activation in HMFs through class I HDAC activity and mTORC1 suppression, presumably inducing myCAF conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Mezawa
- Department of Molecular Pathogenesis, Graduate School of MedicineJuntendo UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Tingwei Wang
- Department of Molecular Pathogenesis, Graduate School of MedicineJuntendo UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Yataro Daigo
- Center for Antibody and Vaccine Therapy, Research Hospital, Institute of Medical ScienceThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
- Department of Medical Oncology and Cancer Center; Center for Advanced Medicine against CancerShiga University of Medical ScienceOtsuJapan
| | - Atsushi Takano
- Center for Antibody and Vaccine Therapy, Research Hospital, Institute of Medical ScienceThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
- Department of Medical Oncology and Cancer Center; Center for Advanced Medicine against CancerShiga University of Medical ScienceOtsuJapan
| | - Yohei Miyagi
- Molecular Pathology and Genetics DivisionKanagawa Cancer Center Research InstituteYokohamaJapan
| | | | - Toshinari Yamashita
- Department of Breast Surgery and OncologyKanagawa Cancer CenterYokohamaJapan
| | - Liying Yang
- Project for Cancer EpigenomicsCancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer ResearchTokyoJapan
| | - Reo Maruyama
- Project for Cancer EpigenomicsCancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer ResearchTokyoJapan
| | - Hiroyuki Seimiya
- Division of Molecular Biotherapy, Cancer Chemotherapy CenterJapanese Foundation for Cancer ResearchTokyoJapan
| | - Akira Orimo
- Department of Molecular Pathogenesis, Graduate School of MedicineJuntendo UniversityTokyoJapan
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3
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Artoni F, Grützmacher N, Demetriades C. Unbiased evaluation of rapamycin's specificity as an mTOR inhibitor. Aging Cell 2023; 22:e13888. [PMID: 37222020 PMCID: PMC10410055 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Rapamycin is a macrolide antibiotic that functions as an immunosuppressive and anti-cancer agent, and displays robust anti-ageing effects in multiple organisms including humans. Importantly, rapamycin analogues (rapalogs) are of clinical importance against certain cancer types and neurodevelopmental diseases. Although rapamycin is widely perceived as an allosteric inhibitor of mTOR (mechanistic target of rapamycin), the master regulator of cellular and organismal physiology, its specificity has not been thoroughly evaluated so far. In fact, previous studies in cells and in mice hinted that rapamycin may be also acting independently from mTOR to influence various cellular processes. Here, we generated a gene-edited cell line that expresses a rapamycin-resistant mTOR mutant (mTORRR ) and assessed the effects of rapamycin treatment on the transcriptome and proteome of control or mTORRR -expressing cells. Our data reveal a striking specificity of rapamycin towards mTOR, demonstrated by virtually no changes in mRNA or protein levels in rapamycin-treated mTORRR cells, even following prolonged drug treatment. Overall, this study provides the first unbiased and conclusive assessment of rapamycin's specificity, with potential implications for ageing research and human therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Artoni
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing (MPI‐AGE)CologneGermany
- Cologne Graduate School of Ageing Research (CGA)CologneGermany
| | - Nina Grützmacher
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing (MPI‐AGE)CologneGermany
| | - Constantinos Demetriades
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing (MPI‐AGE)CologneGermany
- Cologne Graduate School of Ageing Research (CGA)CologneGermany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging‐Associated Diseases (CECAD)University of CologneCologneGermany
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4
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Rao TJR, Mao G, Cuffari BJ, Billack B. Dysregulation of the mTOR pathway by mechlorethamine. Toxicology 2023; 486:153434. [PMID: 36708981 PMCID: PMC10266297 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2023.153434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Mechlorethamine (HN2) is a derivative of the chemical warfare agent sulfur mustard (SM) and cutaneous exposure to HN2 is associated with dermal-epidermal junction (DEJ) disruption (vesication). The primary purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of HN2 on the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway using an in vivo mouse ear vesicant model (MEVM). To this end, the ears of male C57BL/ 6 J mice were exposed to a single topical dose of HN2 (100 mM) or vehicle control (DMSO). Mice were then euthanized 30 min, 1 h or 24 h following exposure. Mouse ear skin exposed to HN2 and biopsied 24 h thereafter exhibited increased tissue expression of Raptor, an important member of the mTORC1 complex, relative to vehicle treated samples. HN2 reduced the downstream effectors phospho S6 (Ser 240/244) ribosomal protein and phospho 4E-BP1 (Thr 37/46) of the mTOR pathway in the epidermis at 30 min, 1 h and 24 h following HN2 exposure but not in the dermis. These results support the hypothesis that HN2-mediated cutaneous toxicity involves dysregulation of the mTOR signaling pathway in the epidermis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ganming Mao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Jamaica, NY, USA
| | - Benedette J Cuffari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Jamaica, NY, USA
| | - Blase Billack
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Jamaica, NY, USA.
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Jackson A, Moss C, Chandler KE, Balboa PL, Bageta ML, Petrof G, Martinez AE, Liu L, Guy A, Mellerio JE, Lee JYW, Ogboli M, Ryan G, McGrath JA, Banka S. Biallelic TUFT1 variants cause woolly hair, superficial skin fragility and desmosomal defects. Br J Dermatol 2023; 188:75-83. [PMID: 36689522 DOI: 10.1093/bjd/ljac026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Desmosomes are complex cell junction structures that connect intermediate filaments providing strong cell-to-cell adhesion in tissues exposed to mechanical stress. OBJECTIVES To identify causal variants in individuals with woolly hair and skin fragility of unknown genetic cause. METHODS This research was conducted using whole-genome sequencing, whole-exome sequencing, clinical phenotyping, haplotype analysis, single-cell RNA sequencing data analysis, immunofluorescence microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. RESULTS We identified homozygous predicted loss-of-function tuftelin-1 (TUFT1) variants in nine individuals, from three families, with woolly hair and skin fragility. One donor splice-site variant, c.60+1G>A, was present in two families, while a frameshift variant, p.Gln189Asnfs*49, was found in the third family. Haplotype analysis showed the c.60+1G>A substitution to be a founder variant in the Irish population that likely arose approximately 20 generations ago. Human and mouse single-cell RNA sequencing data showed TUFT1 expression to be enriched in the hair dermal sheath and keratinocytes. TUFT1 expression was highly correlated with genes encoding desmosomal components implicated in diseases with phenotypes that overlap with the cohort presented here. Immunofluorescence showed tuftelin-1 to be mainly localized to the peripheral cell membranes of keratinocytes in normal skin. Skin samples from individuals with TUFT1 variants showed markedly reduced immunoreactivity for tuftelin-1, with a loss of the keratinocyte cell membrane labelling. Light microscopy revealed keratinocyte adhesion, mild hyperkeratosis and areas of superficial peeling. Transmission electron microscopy showed panepidermal acantholysis with widening of intercellular spaces throughout the epidermis and desmosomal detachment through the inner plaques. CONCLUSIONS Biallelic loss-of-function TUFT1 variants cause a new autosomal recessive skin/hair disorder characterized by woolly hair texture and early-onset skin fragility. Tuftelin-1 has a role in desmosomal integrity and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Jackson
- Division of Evolution, Infection and Genomics, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Health Innovation Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Celia Moss
- Department of Dermatology, Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham Women's and Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Kate E Chandler
- Division of Evolution, Infection and Genomics, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Health Innovation Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Pablo Lopez Balboa
- Department of Dermatology, Great Ormond Street Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Maria L Bageta
- Department of Dermatology, Great Ormond Street Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Gabriela Petrof
- Department of Dermatology, Great Ormond Street Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Anna E Martinez
- Department of Dermatology, Great Ormond Street Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Lu Liu
- Viapath, National Diagnostic Epidermolysis Bullosa Laboratory, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Alyson Guy
- Viapath, National Diagnostic Epidermolysis Bullosa Laboratory, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Jemima E Mellerio
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London (Guy's Campus), London, UK
| | - John Y W Lee
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London (Guy's Campus), London, UK
| | - Malobi Ogboli
- Department of Dermatology, Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham Women's and Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Gavin Ryan
- West Midlands Regional Genetics Laboratory, Birmingham Women's and Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - John A McGrath
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London (Guy's Campus), London, UK
| | - Siddharth Banka
- Division of Evolution, Infection and Genomics, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Health Innovation Manchester, Manchester, UK
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6
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De la Cruz G, Nikolaishvili Feinberg N, Williams SE. Automated Immunofluorescence Staining for Analysis of Mitotic Stages and Division Orientation in Brain Sections. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2583:63-79. [PMID: 36418726 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2752-5_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Microcephaly often results from mitotic defects in neuronal progenitors, frequently by decreasing proliferation rates or shifting cell fates. During neurogenesis, oriented cell division-the molecular control of mitotic spindle positioning to control the axis of division-represents an important mechanism to balance expansion of the progenitor pool with generating cellular diversity. While mostly studied in the context of cortical development, more recently, spindle orientation has emerged as a key player in the formation of other brain regions such as the cerebellum. Here we describe methods to perform automated dual-color fluorescent immunohistochemistry on murine cerebellar sections using the mitotic markers phospho-Histone H3 and Survivin, and detail analytical and statistical approaches to display and compare division orientation datasets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela De la Cruz
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Pathology Services Core, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Nana Nikolaishvili Feinberg
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Pathology Services Core, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Scott E Williams
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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7
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Wan S, Sun Y, Fu J, Song H, Xiao Z, Yang Q, Wang S, Yu G, Feng P, Lv W, Luo L, Guan Z, Liu F, Zhou Q, Yin Z, Yang M. mTORC1 signaling pathway integrates estrogen and growth factor to coordinate vaginal epithelial cells proliferation and differentiation. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:862. [PMID: 36220823 PMCID: PMC9553898 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05293-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The mouse vaginal epithelium cyclically exhibits cell proliferation and differentiation in response to estrogen. Estrogen acts as an activator of mTOR signaling but its role in vaginal epithelial homeostasis is unknown. We analyzed reproductive tract-specific Rptor or Rictor conditional knockout mice to reveal the role of mTOR signaling in estrogen-dependent vaginal epithelial cell proliferation and differentiation. Loss of Rptor but not Rictor in the vagina resulted in an aberrant proliferation of epithelial cells and failure of keratinized differentiation. As gene expression analysis indicated, several estrogen-mediated genes, including Pgr and Ereg (EGF-like growth factor) were not induced by estrogen in Rptor cKO mouse vagina. Moreover, supplementation of EREG could activate the proliferation and survival of vaginal epithelial cells through YAP1 in the absence of Rptor. Thus, mTORC1 signaling integrates estrogen and growth factor signaling to mediate vaginal epithelial cell proliferation and differentiation, providing new insights into vaginal atrophy treatment for post-menopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Wan
- grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632 China ,grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine Zhuhai People’s Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai, 519000 Guangdong China ,grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632 Guangdong China
| | - Yadong Sun
- grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine Zhuhai People’s Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai, 519000 Guangdong China ,grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632 Guangdong China
| | - Jiamin Fu
- grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine Zhuhai People’s Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai, 519000 Guangdong China ,grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632 Guangdong China
| | - Hongrui Song
- grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine Zhuhai People’s Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai, 519000 Guangdong China ,grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632 Guangdong China
| | - Zhiqiang Xiao
- grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine Zhuhai People’s Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai, 519000 Guangdong China ,grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632 Guangdong China
| | - Quanli Yang
- grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine Zhuhai People’s Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai, 519000 Guangdong China ,grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632 Guangdong China
| | - Sanfeng Wang
- grid.459579.30000 0004 0625 057XGuangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510010 China
| | - Gongwang Yu
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XDepartment of Medical Genetics, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 China
| | - Peiran Feng
- grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine Zhuhai People’s Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai, 519000 Guangdong China ,grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632 Guangdong China
| | - Wenkai Lv
- grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine Zhuhai People’s Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai, 519000 Guangdong China ,grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632 Guangdong China
| | - Liang Luo
- grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine Zhuhai People’s Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai, 519000 Guangdong China ,grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632 Guangdong China
| | - Zerong Guan
- grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine Zhuhai People’s Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai, 519000 Guangdong China ,grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632 Guangdong China
| | - Feng Liu
- grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine Zhuhai People’s Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai, 519000 Guangdong China ,grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632 Guangdong China
| | - Qinghua Zhou
- grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632 China ,grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine Zhuhai People’s Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai, 519000 Guangdong China ,grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632 Guangdong China
| | - Zhinan Yin
- grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine Zhuhai People’s Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai, 519000 Guangdong China ,grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632 Guangdong China
| | - Meixiang Yang
- grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632 China ,grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine Zhuhai People’s Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai, 519000 Guangdong China ,grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632 Guangdong China
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8
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Kaur H, Moreau R. Raptor knockdown concurrently increases the electrical resistance and paracellular permeability of Caco-2 cell monolayers. Life Sci 2022; 308:120989. [PMID: 36152680 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
AIMS As a critical regulatory point of nutrient sensing, growth and metabolism, the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) is poised to influence intestinal homeostasis under basal conditions and in disease state. Intestinal barrier integrity ensures tissue homeostasis by closely regulating the permeability of the epithelium to lumenal contents. The role of mTORC1 in the regulation of intestinal barrier function and permeability remains to be fully elucidated. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, we employed lentivirus-mediated knockdown of mTORC1 signaling-associated proteins Raptor (regulatory-associated protein of mTOR) and TSC2 (tuberin) to ascertain the effects of constitutive activation or repression of mTORC1 activity on barrier function in Caco-2 cell monolayers. KEY FINDINGS Results showed that the loss of Raptor concomitantly raised the transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) and para/transcellular permeability leading to a cell monolayer that is leaky for dextran yet electrically resistant to the movement of ions. Paracellular permeability was linked to the downregulation of tight junction protein expression and enhanced autophagy. Raptor-depleted cells had the highest abundance of myosin binding subunit MYPT1 concomitantly with the lowest abundance of p-MYPT1 (Thr696) and phosphorylated myosin light chain (p-MLC, Ser19) implying that MLC phosphatase activity was increased resulting in MLC relaxation. Although rapamycin suppressed mTORC1 activity and decreased the abundance of tight junction proteins in control cells, rapamycin caused a modest increase of TEER compared to Raptor knockdown. SIGNIFICANCE The study showed that epithelium paracellular permeability of small molecular weight dextran is dissociated from TEER.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harleen Kaur
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
| | - Régis Moreau
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA.
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9
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Wang J, Cui B, Chen Z, Ding X. The regulation of skin homeostasis, repair and the pathogenesis of skin diseases by spatiotemporal activation of epidermal mTOR signaling. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:950973. [PMID: 35938153 PMCID: PMC9355246 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.950973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The epidermis, the outmost layer of the skin, is a stratified squamous epithelium that protects the body from the external world. The epidermis and its appendages need constantly renew themselves and replace the damaged tissues caused by environmental assaults. The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling is a central controller of cell growth and metabolism that plays a critical role in development, homeostasis and diseases. Recent findings suggest that mTOR signaling is activated in a spatiotemporal and context-dependent manner in the epidermis, coordinating diverse skin homeostatic processes. Dysregulation of mTOR signaling underlies the pathogenesis of skin diseases, including psoriasis and skin cancer. In this review, we discuss the role of epidermal mTOR signaling activity and function in skin, with a focus on skin barrier formation, hair regeneration, wound repair, as well as skin pathological disorders. We propose that fine-tuned control of mTOR signaling is essential for epidermal structural and functional integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Wang
- Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People’s Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Baiping Cui
- Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People’s Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongjian Chen
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center for External Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaolei Ding
- Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People’s Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaolei Ding,
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10
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Wang J, Eming SA, Ding X. Role of mTOR Signaling Cascade in Epidermal Morphogenesis and Skin Barrier Formation. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11060931. [PMID: 35741452 PMCID: PMC9220260 DOI: 10.3390/biology11060931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary The skin epidermis is a stratified multilayered epithelium that provides a life-sustaining protective and defensive barrier for our body. The barrier machinery is established and maintained through a tightly regulated keratinocyte differentiation program. Under normal conditions, the basal layer keratinocytes undergo active proliferation and migration upward, differentiating into the suprabasal layer cells. Perturbation of the epidermal differentiation program often results in skin barrier defects and inflammatory skin disorders. The protein kinase mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) is the central hub of cell growth, metabolism and nutrient signaling. Over the past several years, we and others using transgenic mouse models have unraveled that mTOR signaling is critical for epidermal differentiation and barrier formation. On the other hand, there is increasing evidence that disturbed activation of mTOR signaling is significantly implicated in the development of various skin diseases. In this review, we focus on the formation of skin barrier and discuss the current understanding on how mTOR signaling networks, including upstream inputs, kinases and downstream effectors, regulate epidermal differentiation and skin barrier formation. We hope this review will help us better understand the metabolic signaling in the epidermis, which may open new vistas for epidermal barrier defect-associated disease therapy. Abstract The skin epidermis, with its capacity for lifelong self-renewal and rapid repairing response upon injury, must maintain an active status in metabolism. Mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling is a central controller of cellular growth and metabolism that coordinates diverse physiological and pathological processes in a variety of tissues and organs. Recent evidence with genetic mouse models highlights an essential role of the mTOR signaling network in epidermal morphogenesis and barrier formation. In this review, we focus on the recent advances in understanding how mTOR signaling networks, including upstream inputs, kinases and downstream effectors, regulate epidermal morphogenesis and skin barrier formation. Understanding the details of the metabolic signaling will be critical for the development of novel pharmacological approaches to promote skin barrier regeneration and to treat epidermal barrier defect-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Wang
- Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People’s Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong 226011, China;
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Sabine A. Eming
- Department of Dermatology, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, 50674 Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Institute of Zoology, Developmental Biology Unit, University of Cologne, 50674 Cologne, Germany
- Correspondence: (S.A.E.); (X.D.); Tel.: +86-137-6457-1130 (X.D.)
| | - Xiaolei Ding
- Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People’s Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong 226011, China;
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
- Department of Dermatology, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
- Correspondence: (S.A.E.); (X.D.); Tel.: +86-137-6457-1130 (X.D.)
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11
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Chaudry S, Vasudevan N. mTOR-Dependent Spine Dynamics in Autism. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:877609. [PMID: 35782388 PMCID: PMC9241970 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.877609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism Spectrum Conditions (ASC) are a group of neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by deficits in social communication and interaction as well as repetitive behaviors and restricted range of interests. ASC are complex genetic disorders with moderate to high heritability, and associated with atypical patterns of neural connectivity. Many of the genes implicated in ASC are involved in dendritic spine pruning and spine development, both of which can be mediated by the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway. Consistent with this idea, human postmortem studies have shown increased spine density in ASC compared to controls suggesting that the balance between autophagy and spinogenesis is altered in ASC. However, murine models of ASC have shown inconsistent results for spine morphology, which may underlie functional connectivity. This review seeks to establish the relevance of changes in dendritic spines in ASC using data gathered from rodent models. Using a literature survey, we identify 20 genes that are linked to dendritic spine pruning or development in rodents that are also strongly implicated in ASC in humans. Furthermore, we show that all 20 genes are linked to the mTOR pathway and propose that the mTOR pathway regulating spine dynamics is a potential mechanism underlying the ASC signaling pathway in ASC. We show here that the direction of change in spine density was mostly correlated to the upstream positive or negative regulation of the mTOR pathway and most rodent models of mutant mTOR regulators show increases in immature spines, based on morphological analyses. We further explore the idea that these mutations in these genes result in aberrant social behavior in rodent models that is due to these altered spine dynamics. This review should therefore pave the way for further research on the specific genes outlined, their effect on spine morphology or density with an emphasis on understanding the functional role of these changes in ASC.
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12
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ROCK ‘n TOR: An Outlook on Keratinocyte Stem Cell Expansion in Regenerative Medicine via Protein Kinase Inhibition. Cells 2022; 11:cells11071130. [PMID: 35406693 PMCID: PMC8997668 DOI: 10.3390/cells11071130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Keratinocyte stem cells play a fundamental role in homeostasis and repair of stratified epithelial tissues. Transplantation of cultured keratinocytes autografts provides a landmark example of successful cellular therapies by restoring durable integrity in stratified epithelia lost to devastating tissue conditions. Despite the overall success of such procedures, failures still occur in case of paucity of cultured stem cells in therapeutic grafts. Strategies aiming at a further amplification of stem cells during keratinocyte ex vivo expansion may thus extend the applicability of these treatments to subjects in which endogenous stem cells pools are depauperated by aging, trauma, or disease. Pharmacological targeting of stem cell signaling pathways is recently emerging as a powerful strategy for improving stem cell maintenance and/or amplification. Recent experimental data indicate that pharmacological inhibition of two prominent keratinocyte signaling pathways governed by apical mTOR and ROCK protein kinases favor stem cell maintenance and/or amplification ex vivo and may improve the effectiveness of stem cell-based therapeutic procedures. In this review, we highlight the pathophysiological roles of mTOR and ROCK in keratinocyte biology and evaluate existing pre-clinical data on the effects of their inhibition in epithelial stem cell expansion for transplantation purposes.
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13
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Salles DC, Asrani K, Woo J, Vidotto T, Liu HB, Vidal I, Matoso A, Netto GJ, Argani P, Lotan TL. GPNMB
expression identifies
TSC1
/2/
mTOR
‐associated and
MiT
family translocation‐driven renal neoplasms. J Pathol 2022; 257:158-171. [PMID: 35072947 PMCID: PMC9310781 DOI: 10.1002/path.5875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
GPNMB (glycoprotein nonmetastatic B) and other TFE3/TFEB transcriptional targets have been proposed as markers for microphthalmia (MiT) translocation renal cell carcinomas (tRCCs). We recently demonstrated that constitutive mTORC1 activation via TSC1/2 loss leads to increased activity of TFE3/TFEB, suggesting that the pathogenesis and molecular markers for tRCCs and TSC1/2‐associated tumors may be overlapping. We examined GPNMB expression in human kidney and angiomyolipoma (AML) cell lines with TSC2 and/or TFE3/TFEB loss produced using CRISPR–Cas9 genome editing as well as in a mouse model of Tsc2 inactivation‐driven renal tumorigenesis. Using an automated immunohistochemistry (IHC) assay for GPNMB, digital image analysis was employed to quantitatively score expression in clear cell RCC (ccRCC, n = 87), papillary RCC (papRCC, n = 53), chromophobe RCC (chRCC, n = 34), oncocytoma (n = 4), TFE3‐ or TFEB‐driven tRCC (n = 56), eosinophilic solid and cystic RCC (ESC, n = 6), eosinophilic vacuolated tumor (EVT, n = 4), and low‐grade oncocytic tumor (LOT, n = 3), as well as AML (n = 29) and perivascular epithelioid cell tumors (PEComas, n = 8). In cell lines, GPNMB was upregulated following TSC2 loss in a MiT/TFE‐ and mTORC1‐dependent fashion. Renal tumors in Tsc2+/− A/J mice showed upregulation of GPNMB compared with normal kidney. Mean GPNMB expression was significantly higher in tRCC than in ccRCC (p < 0.0001), papRCC (p < 0.0001), and chRCC (p < 0.0001). GPNMB expression in TSC1/2/MTOR alteration‐associated renal tumors (including ESC, LOT, AML, and PEComa) was comparable to that in tRCC. The immunophenotype of tRCC and TSC1/2/MTOR alteration‐associated renal tumors is highly overlapping, likely due to the increased activity of TFE3/TFEB in both, revealing an important caveat regarding the use of TFE3/TFEB‐transcriptional targets as diagnostic markers. © 2022 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela C. Salles
- Department of Pathology Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore MD USA
| | - Kaushal Asrani
- Department of Pathology Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore MD USA
| | - Juhyung Woo
- Department of Pathology Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore MD USA
| | - Thiago Vidotto
- Department of Pathology Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore MD USA
| | - Hans B. Liu
- Department of Pathology Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore MD USA
| | - Igor Vidal
- Department of Pathology Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore MD USA
| | - Andres Matoso
- Department of Pathology Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore MD USA
| | - George J. Netto
- Department of Pathology University of Alabama Birmingham Alabama USA
| | - Pedram Argani
- Department of Pathology Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore MD USA
| | - Tamara L. Lotan
- Department of Pathology Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore MD USA
- Department of Urology Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore MD USA
- Department of Oncology Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore MD USA
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14
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Sebestyén A, Dankó T, Sztankovics D, Moldvai D, Raffay R, Cervi C, Krencz I, Zsiros V, Jeney A, Petővári G. The role of metabolic ecosystem in cancer progression — metabolic plasticity and mTOR hyperactivity in tumor tissues. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2022; 40:989-1033. [PMID: 35029792 PMCID: PMC8825419 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-021-10006-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Despite advancements in cancer management, tumor relapse and metastasis are associated with poor outcomes in many cancers. Over the past decade, oncogene-driven carcinogenesis, dysregulated cellular signaling networks, dynamic changes in the tissue microenvironment, epithelial-mesenchymal transitions, protein expression within regulatory pathways, and their part in tumor progression are described in several studies. However, the complexity of metabolic enzyme expression is considerably under evaluated. Alterations in cellular metabolism determine the individual phenotype and behavior of cells, which is a well-recognized hallmark of cancer progression, especially in the adaptation mechanisms underlying therapy resistance. In metabolic symbiosis, cells compete, communicate, and even feed each other, supervised by tumor cells. Metabolic reprogramming forms a unique fingerprint for each tumor tissue, depending on the cellular content and genetic, epigenetic, and microenvironmental alterations of the developing cancer. Based on its sensing and effector functions, the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) kinase is considered the master regulator of metabolic adaptation. Moreover, mTOR kinase hyperactivity is associated with poor prognosis in various tumor types. In situ metabolic phenotyping in recent studies highlights the importance of metabolic plasticity, mTOR hyperactivity, and their role in tumor progression. In this review, we update recent developments in metabolic phenotyping of the cancer ecosystem, metabolic symbiosis, and plasticity which could provide new research directions in tumor biology. In addition, we suggest pathomorphological and analytical studies relating to metabolic alterations, mTOR activity, and their associations which are necessary to improve understanding of tumor heterogeneity and expand the therapeutic management of cancer.
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15
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Zijl S, Salameti V, Louis B, Negri VA, Watt FM. Dynamic regulation of human epidermal differentiation by adhesive and mechanical forces. Curr Top Dev Biol 2022; 150:129-148. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2022.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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16
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Lee AJ, Fraser E, Flowers B, Kim J, Wong K, Cataisson C, Liu H, Yang H, Lee MP, Yuspa SH, Li L. RAS induced senescence of skin keratinocytes is mediated through Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK). Mol Carcinog 2021; 60:799-812. [PMID: 34534377 PMCID: PMC8585695 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Cellular senescence is a well-documented response to oncogene activation in many tissues. Multiple pathways are invoked to achieve senescence indicating its importance to counteract the transforming activities of oncogenic stimulation. We now report that the Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) signaling pathway is a critical regulator of oncogene-induced senescence in skin carcinogenesis. Transformation of mouse keratinocytes with oncogenic RAS upregulates ROCK activity and initiates a senescence response characterized by cell enlargement, growth inhibition, upregulation of senescence associated β-galactosidase (SAβgal) expression, and release of multiple pro-inflammatory factors comprising the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). The addition of the ROCK inhibitor Y-27632 and others prevents these senescence responses and maintains proliferating confluent RAS transformed keratinocyte cultures indefinitely. Mechanistically, oncogenic RAS transformation is associated with upregulation of cell cycle inhibitors p15Ink4b , p16Ink4a , and p19Arf and downregulation of p-AKT, all of which are reversed by Y-27632. RNA-seq analysis of Y-27632 treated RAS-transformed keratinocytes indicated that the inhibitor reduced growth-inhibitory gene expression profiles and maintained expression of proliferative pathways. Y-27632 also reduced the expression of NF-κB effector genes and the expression of IκBζ downstream mediators. The senescence inhibition from Y-27632 was reversible, and upon its removal, senescence reoccurred in vitro with rapid upregulation of cell cycle inhibitors, SASP expression, and cell detachment. Y-27632 treated cultured RAS-keratinocytes formed tumors in the absence of the inhibitor when placed in skin orthografts suggesting that factors in the tumor microenvironment can overcome the drive to senescence imparted by overactive ROCK activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex J. Lee
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda Maryland 20892
| | - Elise Fraser
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda Maryland 20892
| | - Brittany Flowers
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda Maryland 20892
| | - Jee Kim
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda Maryland 20892
| | - Kenneth Wong
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda Maryland 20892
| | - Christophe Cataisson
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda Maryland 20892
| | - Huaitian Liu
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda Maryland 20892
| | - Howard Yang
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda Maryland 20892
| | - Maxwell P. Lee
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda Maryland 20892
| | - Stuart H. Yuspa
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda Maryland 20892
| | - Luowei Li
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda Maryland 20892
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17
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Asrani K, Torres AFC, Woo J, Vidotto T, Tsai HK, Luo J, Corey E, Hanratty B, Coleman I, Yegnasubramanian S, De Marzo AM, Nelson PS, Haffner MC, Lotan TL. Reciprocal YAP1 loss and INSM1 expression in neuroendocrine prostate cancer. J Pathol 2021; 255:425-437. [PMID: 34431104 PMCID: PMC8599638 DOI: 10.1002/path.5781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC) is a rare but aggressive histologic variant of prostate cancer that responds poorly to androgen deprivation therapy. Hybrid NEPC-adenocarcinoma (AdCa) tumors are common, often eluding accurate pathologic diagnosis and requiring ancillary markers for classification. We recently performed an outlier-based meta-analysis across a number of independent gene expression microarray datasets to identify novel markers that differentiate NEPC from AdCa, including up-regulation of insulinoma-associated protein 1 (INSM1) and loss of Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1). Here, using diverse cancer gene expression datasets, we show that Hippo pathway-related genes, including YAP1, are among the top down-regulated gene sets with expression of the neuroendocrine transcription factors, including INSM1. In prostate cancer cell lines, transgenic mouse models, and human prostate tumor cohorts, we confirm that YAP1 RNA and YAP1 protein expression are silenced in NEPC and demonstrate that the inverse correlation of INSM1 and YAP1 expression helps to distinguish AdCa from NEPC. Mechanistically, we find that YAP1 loss in NEPC may help to maintain INSM1 expression in prostate cancer cell lines and we further demonstrate that YAP1 silencing likely occurs epigenetically, via CpG hypermethylation near its transcriptional start site. Taken together, these data nominate two additional markers to distinguish NEPC from AdCa and add to data from other tumor types suggesting that Hippo signaling is tightly reciprocally regulated with neuroendocrine transcription factor expression. © 2021 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaushal Asrani
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Alba F. C. Torres
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Juhyung Woo
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Thiago Vidotto
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Harrison K. Tsai
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- Current address: Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Jun Luo
- Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Eva Corey
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Brian Hanratty
- Divisions of Human Biology and Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Ilsa Coleman
- Divisions of Human Biology and Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Srinivasan Yegnasubramanian
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Angelo M. De Marzo
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Peter S. Nelson
- Divisions of Human Biology and Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Michael C. Haffner
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- Divisions of Human Biology and Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Tamara L. Lotan
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
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18
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mTOR inhibitors potentially reduce TGF-β2-induced fibrogenic changes in trabecular meshwork cells. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14111. [PMID: 34239027 PMCID: PMC8266857 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93580-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
We examined the effects of mTOR inhibitors on the fibrotic response induced by transforming growth factor-beta2 (TGF-β2) in cultured human trabecular meshwork (hTM) cells. TGF-β2-induced expression of fibronectin, collagen type I, alpha 1 chain (COL1A1), and alpha-smooth muscle actin (αSMA) in hTM cells was examined in the presence or absence of mTOR inhibitors using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry. The migration rates of hTM cells were examined in the presence of TGF-β2 with or without mTOR inhibitors. An in vitro study showed that the expression of fibronectin, COL1A1, and αSMA was upregulated by TGF-β2 treatment of hTM cells; such upregulation was significantly suppressed by mTOR inhibitors. The inhibitors significantly reduced the migration rate of TGF-β2-stimulated hTM cells. mTOR inhibitors may usefully reduce the fibrotic response of hTM cells and we may have to explore if it is also effective in in vivo model.
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19
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mTOR plays a pivotal role in multiple processes of enamel organ development principally through the mTORC1 pathway and in part via regulating cytoskeleton dynamics. Dev Biol 2020; 467:77-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2020.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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20
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Asrani K, Murali S, Lam B, Na CH, Phatak P, Sood A, Kaur H, Khan Z, Noë M, Anchoori RK, Talbot CC, Smith B, Skaro M, Lotan TL. mTORC1 feedback to AKT modulates lysosomal biogenesis through MiT/TFE regulation. J Clin Invest 2020; 129:5584-5599. [PMID: 31527310 DOI: 10.1172/jci128287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The microphthalmia family of transcription factors (MiT/TFEs) controls lysosomal biogenesis and is negatively regulated by the nutrient sensor mTORC1. However, the mechanisms by which cells with constitutive mTORC1 signaling maintain lysosomal catabolism remain to be elucidated. Using the murine epidermis as a model system, we found that epidermal Tsc1 deletion resulted in a phenotype characterized by wavy hair and curly whiskers, and was associated with increased EGFR and HER2 degradation. Unexpectedly, constitutive mTORC1 activation with Tsc1 loss increased lysosomal content via upregulated expression and activity of MiT/TFEs, whereas genetic deletion of Rheb or Rptor or prolonged pharmacologic mTORC1 inactivation had the reverse effect. This paradoxical increase in lysosomal biogenesis by mTORC1 was mediated by feedback inhibition of AKT, and a resulting suppression of AKT-induced MiT/TFE downregulation. Thus, inhibiting hyperactive AKT signaling in the context of mTORC1 loss-of-function fully restored MiT/TFE expression and activity. These data suggest that signaling feedback loops work to restrain or maintain cellular lysosomal content during chronically inhibited or constitutively active mTORC1 signaling, respectively, and reveal a mechanism by which mTORC1 regulates upstream receptor tyrosine kinase signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Chan-Hyun Na
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Pornima Phatak
- Baltimore Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Barbara Smith
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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21
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Guo W, Qiu W, Ao X, Li W, He X, Ao L, Hu X, Li Z, Zhu M, Luo D, Xing W, Xu X. Low-concentration DMSO accelerates skin wound healing by Akt/mTOR-mediated cell proliferation and migration in diabetic mice. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 177:3327-3341. [PMID: 32167156 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE DMSO has been found to promote tissue repair. However, the role of DMSO in diabetic skin wound healing and the underlying molecular mechanisms are still unclear. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The effects of DMSO on wound healing were evaluated by HE staining, immunohistochemistry and collagen staining using a wound model of full-thickness skin resection on the backs of non-diabetic or diabetic mice. Real-time cell analysis and 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine incorporation assays were used to study the effect of DMSO on primary fibroblast proliferation. A transwell assay was used to investigate keratinocyte migration. The associated signalling pathway was identified by western blotting and inhibitor blocking. The effect of DMSO on the translation rate of downstream target genes was studied by RT-qPCR of polyribosome mRNA. KEY RESULTS We found that low-concentration DMSO significantly accelerated skin wound closure by promoting fibroblast proliferation in both nondiabetic and diabetic mice. In addition, increased migration of keratinocytes may also contribute to accelerated wound healing, which was stimulated by increased TGF-β1 secretion from fibroblasts. Furthermore, we demonstrated that this effect of DMSO depends on Akt/mTOR-mediated translational control and the promotion of the translation of a set of cell proliferation-related genes. As expected, DMSO-induced wound healing and cell proliferation were impaired by rapamycin, an inhibitor of Akt/mTOR signalling. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS DMSO can promote skin wound healing in diabetic mice by activating the Akt/mTOR pathway. Low-concentration DMSO presents an alternative medication for chronic cutaneous wounds, especially for diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Guo
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine.,Central Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, P.R., China
| | - Wei Qiu
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine.,Central Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, P.R., China
| | - Xiang Ao
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine.,Central Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, P.R., China
| | - Weiqiang Li
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Army Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Xiao He
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine.,Central Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, P.R., China
| | - Luoquan Ao
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine.,Central Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, P.R., China
| | - Xueting Hu
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine.,Central Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, P.R., China
| | - Zhan Li
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine.,Central Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, P.R., China
| | - Ming Zhu
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine.,Central Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, P.R., China
| | - Donglin Luo
- Department of General Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Wei Xing
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine.,Central Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, P.R., China
| | - Xiang Xu
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine.,Central Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, P.R., China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Army Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
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22
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Lough KJ, Byrd KM, Descovich CP, Spitzer DC, Bergman AJ, Beaudoin GM, Reichardt LF, Williams SE. Telophase correction refines division orientation in stratified epithelia. eLife 2019; 8:49249. [PMID: 31833472 PMCID: PMC6959978 DOI: 10.7554/elife.49249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
During organogenesis, precise control of spindle orientation balances proliferation and differentiation. In the developing murine epidermis, planar and perpendicular divisions yield symmetric and asymmetric fate outcomes, respectively. Classically, division axis specification involves centrosome migration and spindle rotation, events occurring early in mitosis. Here, we identify a novel orientation mechanism which corrects erroneous anaphase orientations during telophase. The directionality of reorientation correlates with the maintenance or loss of basal contact by the apical daughter. While the scaffolding protein LGN is known to determine initial spindle positioning, we show that LGN also functions during telophase to reorient oblique divisions toward perpendicular. The fidelity of telophase correction also relies on the tension-sensitive adherens junction proteins vinculin, α-E-catenin, and afadin. Failure of this corrective mechanism impacts tissue architecture, as persistent oblique divisions induce precocious, sustained differentiation. The division orientation plasticity provided by telophase correction may enable progenitors to adapt to local tissue needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kendall J Lough
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States.,Department of Biology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Centre, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States
| | - Kevin M Byrd
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States.,Department of Biology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Centre, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States.,Department of Oral & Craniofacial Health Sciences, The University of North Carolina School of Dentistry, Chapel Hill, United States
| | - Carlos P Descovich
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States.,Department of Biology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Centre, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States
| | - Danielle C Spitzer
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States.,Department of Biology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Centre, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States
| | - Abby J Bergman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States.,Department of Biology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Centre, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States
| | - Gerard Mj Beaudoin
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States.,Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Louis F Reichardt
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States.,Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Scott E Williams
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States.,Department of Biology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Centre, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States
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23
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Yang Y, Yang HH, Tang B, Wu AML, Flanders KC, Moshkovich N, Weinberg DS, Welsh MA, Weng J, Ochoa HJ, Hu TY, Herrmann MA, Chen J, Edmondson EF, Simpson RM, Liu F, Liu H, Lee MP, Wakefield LM. The Outcome of TGFβ Antagonism in Metastatic Breast Cancer Models In Vivo Reflects a Complex Balance between Tumor-Suppressive and Proprogression Activities of TGFβ. Clin Cancer Res 2019; 26:643-656. [PMID: 31582516 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-19-2370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE TGFβs are overexpressed in many advanced cancers and promote cancer progression through mechanisms that include suppression of immunosurveillance. Multiple strategies to antagonize the TGFβ pathway are in early-phase oncology trials. However, TGFβs also have tumor-suppressive activities early in tumorigenesis, and the extent to which these might be retained in advanced disease has not been fully explored. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN A panel of 12 immunocompetent mouse allograft models of metastatic breast cancer was tested for the effect of neutralizing anti-TGFβ antibodies on lung metastatic burden. Extensive correlative biology analyses were performed to assess potential predictive biomarkers and probe underlying mechanisms. RESULTS Heterogeneous responses to anti-TGFβ treatment were observed, with 5 of 12 models (42%) showing suppression of metastasis, 4 of 12 (33%) showing no response, and 3 of 12 (25%) showing an undesirable stimulation (up to 9-fold) of metastasis. Inhibition of metastasis was immune-dependent, whereas stimulation of metastasis was immune-independent and targeted the tumor cell compartment, potentially affecting the cancer stem cell. Thus, the integrated outcome of TGFβ antagonism depends on a complex balance between enhancing effective antitumor immunity and disrupting persistent tumor-suppressive effects of TGFβ on the tumor cell. Applying transcriptomic signatures derived from treatment-naïve mouse primary tumors to human breast cancer datasets suggested that patients with breast cancer with high-grade, estrogen receptor-negative disease are most likely to benefit from anti-TGFβ therapy. CONCLUSIONS Contrary to dogma, tumor-suppressive responses to TGFβ are retained in some advanced metastatic tumors. Safe deployment of TGFβ antagonists in the clinic will require good predictive biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Yang
- Lab of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Howard H Yang
- Lab of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Binwu Tang
- Lab of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Alex Man Lai Wu
- Lab of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Kathleen C Flanders
- Lab of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Nellie Moshkovich
- Lab of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Douglas S Weinberg
- Lab of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Michael A Welsh
- Lab of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jia Weng
- Lab of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Humberto J Ochoa
- Lab of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Tiffany Y Hu
- Collaborative Protein Technology Resource, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Michelle A Herrmann
- Collaborative Protein Technology Resource, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jinqiu Chen
- Collaborative Protein Technology Resource, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Elijah F Edmondson
- Pathology Histotechnology Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | - R Mark Simpson
- Lab of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Fang Liu
- Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Susan Lehman Cullman Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Huaitian Liu
- Lab of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Maxwell P Lee
- Lab of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Lalage M Wakefield
- Lab of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland.
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24
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Chen J, Zhu H, Liu Q, Ning D, Zhang Z, Zhang L, Mo J, Du P, Liu X, Song S, Fan Y, Liang H, Liu J, Zhang B, Chen X. DEPTOR induces a partial epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and metastasis via autocrine TGFβ1 signaling and is associated with poor prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2019; 38:273. [PMID: 31228948 PMCID: PMC6588925 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1220-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background DEPTOR is an endogenous inhibitor of mTORC1 and mTORC2 that plays a vital role in the progression of human malignances. However, the biological function of DEPTOR in HCC metastasis and the underlying molecular mechanisms are still unclear. Methods Western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry(IHC) were employed to examine DEPTOR expression in HCC cell lines and tissues. A series of in vivo and in vitro assays were performed to determine the function of DEPTOR and the possible mechanisms underlying its role in HCC metastasis. Results We found that DEPTOR was frequently overexpressed in HCC tissues, and its high expression was associated with high serum AFP levels, increased tumor size, vascular invasion and more advanced TMN and BCLC stage, as well as an overall poor prognosis. Functional experiments demonstrated that DEPTOR silencing inhibited the proliferation and mobility of HCC cells in vitro and suppressed tumor growth and metastasis of HCC cells in vivo. Accordingly, DEPTOR overexpression promoted the invasion and metastasis of HCC cells in vitro and in vivo, but had no effect on cell proliferation in vitro. Overexpression of DEPTOR induced EMT by snail induction. Conversely, knockdown of snail expression impaired the DEPTOR-induced migration, invasion and EMT of HCC cells. Furthermore, we found that the increase of snail expression by DEPTOR overexpression was due to an activation of TGF-β1-smad3/smad4 signaling possibly through feedback inhibition of mTOR. Conclusion DEPTOR promotes the EMT and metastasis of HCC cells by activating the TGF-β1-smad3/smad4-snail pathway via mTOR inhibition. Therefore, targeting DEPTOR may be an ideal treatment strategy for inhibiting the growth and metastasis of HCC. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13046-019-1220-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Chen
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Clinical Medicine Research Center for Hepatic Surgery of Hubei Province; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Public Health, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Haidan Zhu
- Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiumeng Liu
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Clinical Medicine Research Center for Hepatic Surgery of Hubei Province; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Public Health, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Deng Ning
- Department of Biliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaoqi Zhang
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Clinical Medicine Research Center for Hepatic Surgery of Hubei Province; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Public Health, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Long Zhang
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Clinical Medicine Research Center for Hepatic Surgery of Hubei Province; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Public Health, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Mo
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Clinical Medicine Research Center for Hepatic Surgery of Hubei Province; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Public Health, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengcheng Du
- Department of Biliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Liu
- Hepato-pancreato-biliary Surgery Department, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Shasha Song
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Clinical Medicine Research Center for Hepatic Surgery of Hubei Province; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Public Health, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Yawei Fan
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Clinical Medicine Research Center for Hepatic Surgery of Hubei Province; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Public Health, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Huifang Liang
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Clinical Medicine Research Center for Hepatic Surgery of Hubei Province; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Public Health, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Jikui Liu
- Hepato-pancreato-biliary Surgery Department, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Bixiang Zhang
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Clinical Medicine Research Center for Hepatic Surgery of Hubei Province; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Public Health, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaoping Chen
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Clinical Medicine Research Center for Hepatic Surgery of Hubei Province; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Public Health, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, People's Republic of China.
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25
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Zhou X, Wang R, Li X, Yu L, Hua D, Sun C, Shi C, Luo W, Rao C, Jiang Z, Feng Y, Wang Q, Yu S. Splicing factor SRSF1 promotes gliomagenesis via oncogenic splice-switching of MYO1B. J Clin Invest 2019; 129:676-693. [PMID: 30481162 DOI: 10.1172/jci120279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Abnormal alternative splicing (AS) caused by alterations to splicing factors contributes to tumor progression. Serine/arginine splicing factor 1 (SRSF1) has emerged as a key oncodriver in numerous solid tumors, leaving its roles and mechanisms largely obscure in glioma. Here, we demonstrate that SRSF1 is increased in glioma tissues and cell lines. Moreover, its expression was correlated positively with tumor grade and Ki-67 index, but inversely with patient survival. Using RNA-Seq, we comprehensively screened and identified multiple SRSF1-affected AS events. Motif analysis revealed a position-dependent modulation of AS by SRSF1 in glioma. Functionally, we verified that SRSF1 promoted cell proliferation, survival, and invasion by specifically switching the AS of the myosin IB (MYO1B) gene and facilitating the expression of the oncogenic and membrane-localized isoform, MYO1B-fl. Strikingly, MYO1B splicing was dysregulated in parallel with SRSF1 expression in gliomas and predicted the poor prognosis of the patients. Further investigation revealed that SRSF1-guided AS of the MYO1B gene increased the tumorigenic potential of glioma cells through the PDK1/AKT and PAK/LIMK pathways. Taken together, we identify SRSF1 as an important oncodriver that integrates AS control of MYO1B into promotion of gliomagenesis and represents a potential prognostic biomarker and target for glioma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuexia Zhou
- Department of Neuropathology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of the Nervous System, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
| | - Run Wang
- Department of Neuropathology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of the Nervous System, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
| | - Xuebing Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Environment, Tianjin Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Lin Yu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Dan Hua
- Department of Neuropathology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of the Nervous System, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
| | - Cuiyun Sun
- Department of Neuropathology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of the Nervous System, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
| | - Cuijuan Shi
- Department of Neuropathology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of the Nervous System, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenjun Luo
- Department of Neuropathology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of the Nervous System, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
| | - Chun Rao
- Department of Neuropathology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of the Nervous System, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhendong Jiang
- Department of Neuropathology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of the Nervous System, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
| | - Ying Feng
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Neuropathology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of the Nervous System, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
| | - Shizhu Yu
- Department of Neuropathology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of the Nervous System, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
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