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Hon K, Hamamura T, Lim E, Goh YSS. Nursing students' empathy in response to biological and psychosocial attributions of depression: A vignette-based cross-cultural study. NURSE EDUCATION TODAY 2024; 141:106309. [PMID: 39025001 DOI: 10.1016/j.nedt.2024.106309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Empathy is vital for quality nursing care in acute mental health settings. Although different explanations of mental illnesses shape mental health clinicians' empathy towards people with mental illnesses, it is unclear how such findings translate to the culturally diverse nursing context. AIM The study investigated nursing students' empathy towards people with depression and their perceived clinical utility of biological and psychosocial explanations of depression in Australia and Singapore, focusing on two factors of cultural difference: relational mobility and cultural tightness. DESIGN We used a cross-sectional research design with a repeated-measures component. PARTICIPANTS The sample included 211 nursing students from Australia and Singapore. Participants were predominantly female (81 %), with ages ranging from 18 to 57 years (M = 26.51, SD = 7.61). METHODS Participants completed a vignette-based online questionnaire containing measures of empathy, perceived clinical utility, relational mobility, and cultural tightness. RESULTS Nursing students' empathy in response to the biological and psychosocial explanations of depression differed in Australia (biological: M = 2.96, SD = 0.89, 95 % CI [2.80, 3.13]; psychosocial: M = 3.56, SD = 0.91, [3.39, 3.73]) but not in Singapore (biological: M = 3.05, SD = 0.91, [2.87, 3.23]; psychosocial: M = 3.25, SD = 0.93, [3.06, 3.43]). Relational mobility mediated cross-cultural variances in empathy, b = -0.16, SE = 0.06, 95 % CI [-0.29, -0.05], and perceptions of clinical utility, b = -0.08, SE = 0.05, [-0.20, -0.00], when depression was explained psychosocially. CONCLUSIONS Nursing students' empathy and perceived clinical utility of explanations of depression are shaped differently across cultures in part due to relational mobility and cultural tightness. As such, embedding cultural awareness education in nursing curricula to address any culturally rooted biases towards people with mental illnesses may present a promising avenue to optimise nursing students' empathy towards people with mental illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina Hon
- School of Population Health, Curtin University, Australia.
| | - Takeshi Hamamura
- School of Population Health, Curtin University, Australia; enAble Institute, Curtin University, Australia
| | - Eric Lim
- enAble Institute, Curtin University, Australia; School of Nursing, Curtin University, Australia
| | - Yong Shian Shawn Goh
- Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Matthews G, Ho M. Mental health treatments and the influence of culture: portrayals of hypnotherapy and electroconvulsive therapy in Singaporean television dramas. MEDICAL HUMANITIES 2024:medhum-2023-012854. [PMID: 38991757 DOI: 10.1136/medhum-2023-012854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Stigma is one of the chief reasons for treatment-avoidant behaviour among people with mental health conditions. Stigmatising attitudes are spread through multiple determinants, including but not limited to: (i) individual beliefs; (ii) interpersonal influences; (iii) local cultural values and (iv) shared culture such as depictions in television shows. Our research indicates that popular television shows are currently understudied vectors for narratives that alternately reify or debunk assumptions and stereotypes about people with mental health conditions. Although such shows are fictional, they influence perception by normalising 'common sense' assumptions over extended periods of time. Consequently, representations of patients, psychiatrists and treatments influence knowledge and understanding of mental health and treatment-seeking behaviour. While storytelling about sickness can inspire possibilities and bestow meaning on traumatic experiences, fictional narratives written without sufficient care can have the inverse effect of curtailing horizons and limiting expectations. Problematic portrayals of patients, mental health professionals and psychological interventions are often reductive and may increase stigma and prevent treatment-seeking behaviour. This article analyses the representation of hypnotherapy and electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in Singaporean television dramas that attract a wide, mainstream audience. Our diverse team investigated dramas in all four of the official languages of Singapore: English, Mandarin Chinese, Bahasa Melayu and Tamil. We found that depictions of hypnotherapy tend to produce problematic images of mental health professionals as manipulative, able to read minds, engaging in criminal behaviour, lacking in compassion and self-interested. Meanwhile, representations of ECT typically focus on the fear and distress of the patient, and it is primarily depicted as a disciplinary tool rather than a safe and effective medical procedure for patients whose condition is severe and refractory to pharmacotherapy and behavioural interventions. These depictions have the potential to discourage treatment-seeking behaviour-when early intervention has found to be crucial-among vulnerable populations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Melissa Ho
- Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
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Chua YCE, Lin YC, Lew JK, Wong SKW, Soon WSW, Wan J, Abdin E, Subramaniam M, Tang WE, Lee ES. Prevalence and risk factors of depression and anxiety in primary care. ANNALS OF THE ACADEMY OF MEDICINE, SINGAPORE 2024; 53:293-305. [PMID: 38920221 DOI: 10.47102/annals-acadmedsg.2023195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Anxiety and depressive disorders are highly prevalent mental health conditions worldwide. However, little is known about their specific prevalence in primary care settings. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of depression and anxiety in the primary care population and identify associated patient characteristics. Method We conducted a cross-sectional study using stratified sampling by age with a self-administered questionnaire survey in Singapore's National Health-care Group Polyclinics from December 2021 to April 2022. A total score of Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) ≥10 represents clinical depression, and a total score of Generalised Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) ≥10 indicates clinical anxiety. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify the factors associated with depression and anxiety. Results A total of 5694 patients were approached and 3505 consented to the study (response rate=61.6%). There was a higher prevalence of coexisting clinical depression and anxiety (DA) (prevalence=5.4%) compared to clinical depression only (3.3%) and clinical anxiety only (1.9%). The odds of having DA were higher among those aged 21-39 years (odds ratio [OR] 13.49; 95% confidence interval [CI] 5.41-33.64) and 40-64 years (OR 2.28; 95% CI 1.03-5.03) compared to those ≥65 years. Women had higher odds of having DA (OR 2.33; 95% CI 1.54-3.50) compared to men. Respondents with diabetes had higher odds of having DA (OR 1.78; 95% CI 1.07-2.94) compared to those without diabetes. Conclusion Coexisting clinical depression and anxiety are significantly present in the primary care setting, especially among younger individuals, patients with diabetes and women. Mental health screening programmes should include screening for both depression and anxiety, and target these at-risk groups.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yijun Carol Lin
- Psychology Services, National Healthcare Group Polyclinics, Singapore
| | - Jeremy Kaiwei Lew
- Clinical Research Unit, National Healthcare Group Polyclinics, Singapore
| | | | | | - Jinhui Wan
- Woodlands Polyclinic, National Healthcare Group Polyclinics, Singapore
| | | | | | - Wern Ee Tang
- Clinical Research Unit, National Healthcare Group Polyclinics, Singapore
| | - Eng Sing Lee
- Clinical Research Unit, National Healthcare Group Polyclinics, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
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Tan RXR, Goh YS. Perceptions of community mental health services among culturally diverse adult Singaporeans with major depressive disorder: A descriptive qualitative study. Int J Ment Health Nurs 2024; 33:143-158. [PMID: 37743553 DOI: 10.1111/inm.13228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Persons with major depressive disorder (PMDDs) often experience pernicious ramifications on the biopsychosocial aspects of their health. While community mental health services (CMHSs) in Singapore are increasingly leveraged to meet the escalating demand for mental healthcare, shortcomings such as a substantial treatment gap and the lack of holistic, culturally sensitive care have been highlighted. Of note, the perspectives of the service users, which have hardly been studied in the literature, are crucial to our understanding of their needs to continuously improve CMHSs. Accordingly, this qualitative descriptive study explored the perceptions and experiences of community-dwelling adults with major depressive disorder in their use of CMHSs in Singapore. Seventeen adults with major depressive disorder purposefully sampled from a CMHS provider were interviewed through a semi-structured guide between October and November 2021. Data analysis via Braun and Clarke's six-step thematic framework yielded five themes corresponding to three different phases: pre-CMHS encounter ((i) procrastination to seek help and (ii) factors influencing CMHS utilization); intra-CMHS encounter ((iii) incongruous perceptions of the impacts on biopsychosocial health and (iv) differing perceptions and experiences of culturally sensitive care); and post-CMHS encounter ((v) enhancing CMHSs for PMDDs based on end-users' experiences). Our findings underscore the need to improve the delivery of personalized mental healthcare services, use of settings- and culturally-specific anti-stigma strategies, and nationwide mental health literacy in symptom recognition and awareness of help-seeking resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronel Xian Rong Tan
- Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yong Shian Goh
- Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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5
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Zeng F, John WCM, Qiao D, Sun X. Association between psychological distress and mental help-seeking intentions in international students of national university of Singapore: a mediation analysis of mental health literacy. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:2358. [PMID: 38017406 PMCID: PMC10685483 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-17346-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND International students encounter a wide range of challenges that can have a significant impact on their mental health. Seeking help is one of the primary means of managing mental health, and more attention is required. This study aimed to investigate the psychological distress(PD), mental health literacy(MHL), and mental help-seeking intentions(MHSI) in international students of National University of Singapore(NUS), to explore the correlation between the three and to verify the mediating role of MHL in PD and MHSI. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted between May and July 2023 using the Mental Help Seeking Intention Scale(MHSIS), Patient Health Questionnaire-9(PHQ-9), Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7(GAD-7), and Mental Health Literacy Scale(MHLS). 281 international students(177 males, 104 females;) in NUS completed self-report questionnaires. SPSS 25.0 was applied to the data for descriptive analysis, Pearson correlation analysis and stepwise regression analysis. Mediation analysis fully for all potential confounding factors were conducted. RESULTS Significant correlations were found between PD, MHL and MHSI. MHLS- knowledge of how to seek professional information(MHLS- H) completely mediated the association of anxiety with MHSI[B=-0.271; 95% confidence interval(CI): (-0.067, 0.0037)]; MHLS- attitude that promote recognition or appropriate help-seeking behavior(stigma)(MHLS- H) partially mediated the association of PD with MHSI[B = 0.104, 95% CI: (0.008, 0.179)]; with mediating effects accounting for 100% and 24.847% of the total effect. In addition, demographic variables such as gender, years in Singapore and residence type mediated both the direct and indirect effect of the mediation model. CONCLUSIONS MHL mediated both the direct and indirect effects on the association between PD and MHSI, especially, the mediator of the MHLS- H and MHL-A. It means that MHSI in this population can be improved by increasing MHL and thus the PD. The findings suggest that, such as providing information about how to access to professional services and promoting disorder recognition to the international students, may help them develop their psychological well-being and good mental health care decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanmin Zeng
- Mental Health Education Centre of Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Wong Chee Meng John
- Department of Psychological Medicine, National University Hospital & National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Dan Qiao
- International Office, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xueli Sun
- Mental Health Centre of West China Hospital in Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Bayrakçeken E, Alkan Ö, Abar H. Psychological Help-Seeking Status for Living with Mental Health Conditions in Türkiye: Using a Multivariate Probit Model. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:2837. [PMID: 37957982 PMCID: PMC10649634 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11212837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Mental disorders constitute a significant public health concern, contributing significantly to the overall disease burden. Individuals experiencing mental distress often delay or avoid seeking psychological help or do not seek help due to varying factors. This study examines the factors affecting individuals' preferences, particularly young people, in seeking psychological help in Türkiye. METHODS This study utilized microdata from the Türkiye Health Survey conducted by TURKSTAT in 2016 and 2019. The factors influencing decisions to consult with a psychologist, psychotherapist, or psychiatrist were determined by multivariate probit regression analysis. The Türkiye Health Survey employed a stratified two-stage cluster sampling method, surveying 17,242 individuals over the age of 15 in 9470 households in 2016 and 17,084 individuals over the age of 15 in 9470 households in 2019. RESULTS The analysis findings indicated that, in the entire sample, women are more likely to seek psychological help, while younger women are less likely to do so. In the entire sample, as the education level increased, the probability of individuals receiving psychological help increased, while it decreased for young people. It was determined that people who use tobacco and alcohol are more likely to receive psychological help than others. It was also determined that individuals who perceive their health status as good, especially those who are both young and perceive their health status as good, are less likely to seek psychological help. CONCLUSIONS The significance and impact of the variables on the probability of individuals seeking psychological help vary for both the entire sample and young people. There may be various restrictions in getting psychological help, and people may resort to informal methods instead of professionals to cope with their existing problems. In developing preventive strategies to safeguard mental health, factors related to young people's and individuals' psychological help-seeking status should be prioritized, and more attention should be paid to them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esra Bayrakçeken
- Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Vocational School of Health Services, Ataturk University, Erzurum 25030, Türkiye;
| | - Ömer Alkan
- Department of Econometrics, Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, 2nd Floor, Number 222, Ataturk University, Erzurum 25030, Türkiye
- Master Araştırma Eğitim ve Danışmanlık Hizmetleri Ltd., Şti., Ata Teknokent, Erzurum 25240, Türkiye
| | - Hayri Abar
- Department of Economics, Faculty of Business and Economics, Gaziantep University, 1st Floor, Number 132, Gaziantep 27310, Türkiye;
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Tehrani H, Vali M, Nejatian M, Moshki M, Charoghchian Khorasani E, Jafari A. The status of depression literacy and its relationship with quality of life among Iranian public population: a cross sectional study. BMC Psychiatry 2022; 22:607. [PMID: 36100889 PMCID: PMC9472397 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-022-04251-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study was designed and conducted to determine the status of depression literacy (D-Lit) and its relationship with the quality of life across the Iranian population. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2020 among 1382 participating from the general population in Gonabad, Iran. Participants were selected and recruited using a multistage sampling method. Data were collected using three sets of questionnaires (demographic section, D-Lit scale, and quality of life questionnaire). Data were analyzed by SPSS software version 24 and using independent samples t- test, Chi-square test, One-way ANOVA, and Pearson correlation. RESULTS Based on the results, the mean (± standard deviation) of D-Lit and quality of life were 44.14 (± 4.69) and 35.81 (± 5.17), respectively. Based on the results of Pearson correlation coefficient, there was a significant positive correlation between D-Lit and quality of life (r = 0.104, p < 0.001). D-Lit was significantly higher in those who reported having consulted with a psychiatrist compared with those who did not (p < 0.001). Participants with a family history of mental illness and those whose family members were referred to a psychologist for psychological issues had significantly higher levels of D-Lit than others (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Based on the results of this study, some D-Lit projects should be improved. Also, the results revealed that D-Lit is a potential factor that can affect people's mental health status and enhance their quality of life. Therefore, it is necessary to develop appropriate educational programs to enhance D-Lit in the community and ultimately improve the quality of life in the community by reducing mental illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Tehrani
- grid.411583.a0000 0001 2198 6209Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran ,grid.411583.a0000 0001 2198 6209Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohebat Vali
- grid.412571.40000 0000 8819 4698Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mahbobeh Nejatian
- grid.411924.b0000 0004 0611 9205Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
| | - Mahdi Moshki
- grid.411924.b0000 0004 0611 9205Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, School of Health, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
| | - Elham Charoghchian Khorasani
- grid.411583.a0000 0001 2198 6209Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran ,grid.411583.a0000 0001 2198 6209Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Alireza Jafari
- Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, School of Health, Social Development and Health Promotion Research Center, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran.
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Granland KA, Thompson CL, Dong Y. "Train Your Brain" Cognitive Intervention Group Program for Singaporean Older Adult Patients With Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Pilot Feasibility Study. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol 2022; 35:442-449. [PMID: 33733903 DOI: 10.1177/08919887211002661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The "Train Your Brain" (TYB) cognitive intervention group program was developed based on previous research with the goal of remediating cognitive impairments for elderly Singaporean people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). This study reports a pilot evaluation of feasibility (defined as participant attendance, retention rate, satisfaction and usefulness) and preliminary efficacy of the TYB program. Nineteen participants with MCI aged ≥ 50 years were recruited from a memory clinic in Singapore, with 14 receiving the TYB intervention. Participants were allocated in order of recruitment into consecutive identical groups for a 9-session program on brain health and cognitive training. Participants received pre- and post-intervention measures of cognition and completed feedback forms reporting on satisfaction with, and utility of, the TYB program. TYB was well attended (85% attendance for the first 6 sessions; 83% for the full 9-session TYB program). Participant satisfaction was high, with positive participant feedback reporting that TYB offered useful cognitive strategies which participants could implement in their daily life. Despite the small sample size and absence of control group, repeated-measures t-tests revealed significant pre- to post-intervention intra-individual improvement in global cognition measured by the Montreal Cognitive Assessment, and in executive function on the Brixton Spatial Anticipation Test. This pilot study provides supportive preliminary evidence for feasibility of TYB, with suggestions of efficacy of this program as a culturally and linguistically appropriate intervention for English-speaking older adults with MCI in Singapore.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim A Granland
- Department of Psychology, 208640James Cook University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Claire L Thompson
- College of Psychology, 6939Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Australia
| | - Yanhong Dong
- Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, 63751Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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Li XY, Liu Q, Chen P, Ruan J, Gong X, Luo D, Zhou Y, Yin C, Wang XQ, Liu L, Yang BX. Predictors of Professional Help-Seeking Intention Toward Depression Among Community-Dwelling Populations: A Structural Equation Modeling Analysis. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:801231. [PMID: 35280177 PMCID: PMC8907597 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.801231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A low intention of professional help seeking hinders the effective treatment of depression. The factors are from the perspectives of the social, family, and individual; however, an understanding of how they interact to predict professional help-seeking intention (PHSI) is not clear. Objectives The objectives of the study was to investigate PHSI toward depression in a Chinese community-dwelling population and construct a predictive model of the PHSI to explore the various factors involved. Methods Stratified random sampling and Kish table methods were used to identify 2,000 community residents. Participants completed a series of questionnaires to measure general characteristics, PHSI, professional help-seeking attitude, depression stigma, depression knowledge, family function, and depression symptoms. Analyses included descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation analysis using SPSS 26.0 and a Structural Equation Model using Amos 22.0. Results The score of the PHSI was 14.92 ± 9.574. Professional help-seeking attitude (r = 0.291, p < 0.001) and depression knowledge (r = 0.077, p = 0.002) were positively related to PHSI, while a negative correlation was found between stigma (r = -0.149, p < 0.001) and PHSI. The model of the PHSI indicated a good fit with a CMIN/DF = 2.740 and RESEA = 0.032. The total effect of the influencing factors on the PHSI was listed in the following order: professional help-seeking attitude (0.676) > stigma (-0.143) > depression knowledge (0.088) > depression symptoms (-0.009) > family function (0.005). The total effect of depression knowledge on PHSI included a direct negative effect (Beta = -0.266, p < 0.001) and an indirect positive effect (0.354) through professional help-seeking attitude and stigma. Also, depression knowledge was negatively associated with stigma (Beta = -0.153, p < 0.001). Depression symptoms were negatively associated with family function (Beta = -0.282, p < 0.001), depression knowledge (Beta = -0.252, p < 0.001), and stigma (Beta = -0.102, p < 0.001), indicating that people with less severe depression symptoms had good family function, depression knowledge, and higher stigma. Family function contributed a positive effect on depression knowledge directly (Beta = 0.145, p < 0.001) and a totally positive effect (0.033) on stigma. Conclusion The PHSI toward depression is low among Chinese community residents. Professional help-seeking attitude, depression knowledge, and family functioning were facilitators of PHSI, and stigma and the severity of depression symptoms were barriers to PHSI. This study provides reference for the development of policies and guidelines to promote community residents to actively seek professional mental health help. Future policies can focus on multicollaboration among the government, mental health services, and families to increase the mental health resources, improve family functioning, enhance mental health literacy (MHL) of the public, and reduce depression stigma to ease the burden of this mental health issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yi Li
- School of Nursing, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qian Liu
- School of Nursing, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Pan Chen
- School of Nursing, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Juan Ruan
- Wuhan Mental Health Center, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuan Gong
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Dan Luo
- School of Nursing, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Wuhan Mental Health Center, Wuhan, China
| | - Cong Yin
- Wuhan Mental Health Center, Wuhan, China
| | | | | | - Bing Xiang Yang
- School of Nursing, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Population and Health Research Center, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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10
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Goh K. Significant predictors that determine Singaporeans’ intention to seek professional counselling. ASIA PACIFIC JOURNAL OF COUNSELLING AND PSYCHOTHERAPY 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/21507686.2022.2039730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Khim Goh
- Faculty of Education, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
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11
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Perceived mental illness stigma among family and friends of young people with depression and its role in help-seeking: a qualitative inquiry. BMC Psychiatry 2022; 22:107. [PMID: 35144565 PMCID: PMC8832742 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-022-03754-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depressive disorders are a serious public health concern. Left untreated, further clinical distress and impairment in important life domains may arise. Yet, the treatment gap remains large. Prior research has shown that individuals with depressive disorders prefer seeking help from informal sources such as family and friends ahead of formal sources. However, this preference has its disadvantages such as experiencing actual, perceived and internalized stigmatizing responses from them which may delay or deter help-seeking. This paper aimed to determine the role of perceived stigma among family and friends in an individual's help-seeking behavior. METHODS Data were collected using semi-structured interviews with patients with depressive disorders from a tertiary psychiatric hospital in Singapore to capture individuals' self-reported experience with depression and stigmatization among family and friends. Interviews were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data of 33 young adults (mean age = 26 years, SD =4.6; 18 female, 15 male) were analyzed using thematic analysis. RESULTS In all, four broad themes were developed: (1) absence of support, (2) provision of unhelpful support, (3) preference for non-disclosure, and (4) opposition towards formal help-seeking. Lack of awareness of depression and perpetuation of stigma manifests as barriers towards help-seeking in the form of absence of support and provision of unhelpful support which subsequently leads to a preference for non-disclosure, as well as opposition by family and friends towards formal help-seeking. CONCLUSIONS Data from this study can contribute to the development of public health programs aimed at improving awareness and support from family and friends and facilitating earlier help-seeking among young people with depressive disorders.
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12
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Serial indirect effects of psychosocial causal beliefs and stigma on help-seeking preferences for depression. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-02683-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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13
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Ge F, Huo Z, Wen Y. Incidence trends of major depressive disorder in 204 countries and territories between 1993 and 2017. J Affect Disord 2022; 296:241-243. [PMID: 34619450 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.09.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fan Ge
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China; Department of Clinical Medicine, First Clinical School, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China.
| | - Zhenyu Huo
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China; Department of Clinical Medicine, Nanshan School, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Yaokai Wen
- School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China; Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200433, China
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Makowski AC, Härter M, Schomerus G, von dem Knesebeck O. What Does the Public Know About Varying Depression Severity?-Results of a Population Survey. Int J Public Health 2021; 66:607794. [PMID: 34744574 PMCID: PMC8565267 DOI: 10.3389/ijph.2021.607794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: In this study, we examine the public's knowledge about different levels of depression severity in Germany. Methods: Data stem from a national telephone survey in Germany. A total of 1,009 persons participated, response rate was 46.8%. A vignette was presented with signs of mild, moderate or severe depression. Participants were asked what they think the person has, which persons and services are helpful and how effective different treatment options are. Differences between the three vignettes were tested with 95% confidence intervals and χ 2-tests. Results: 55.3% of the respondents identified depression as the health problem in question. Participants who heard the vignette with moderate symptomatology recognized depression more often. Across groups, a general practitioner was named most frequently concerning helpful persons/services. Effectiveness of psychotherapy received high levels of approval, online therapy and books were less often rated as effective. There were only few significant differences between the three vignettes. Conclusions: This is the first study examining public depression literacy for different severity levels. Small differences between severity levels indicate a lack of knowledge, which may have adverse consequences for adherence to treatment, especially for mild depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Christin Makowski
- Institute of Medical Sociology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martin Härter
- Department of Medical Psychology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Georg Schomerus
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Olaf von dem Knesebeck
- Institute of Medical Sociology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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15
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Chang S, Jeyagurunathan A, Abdin E, Shafie S, Samari E, Verma S, Wei KC, Chong SA, Subramaniam M. Mapping the steps to reach psychiatric care in Singapore: An examination of services utilized and reasons for seeking help. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 2021; 73:38-45. [PMID: 34564051 DOI: 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2021.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to shed light on the types of services utilized and map the steps taken by patients in their pathways to receiving psychiatric care in Singapore. METHODS Participants were outpatients who were recruited from a psychiatric tertiary hospital (n = 323). Pathways to psychiatric care form was administered to collect information on sources of care utilized, reasons for seeking help and the time point of each contact made. Pathways taken by patients to reach psychiatric care were mapped, and reasons for seeking help were reviewed and analyzed. Quantile regression was conducted to explore association between sociodemographic and clinical factors with duration between onset of problem and receiving psychiatric care. RESULTS The need to manage symptoms was most commonly endorsed by participants as the reason that first prompted them to seek help. Prior to receiving psychiatric care, participants on average obtained services from 1.2 other care providers and the main pathway to psychiatric services was via primary care and community services (37.2%). The median duration between onset of problem and receiving psychiatric care was 6 months, and age was found to be significantly associated with shorter median duration (β = -0.172, p = 0.009). CONCLUSIONS Patients often consult different care providers prior to obtaining psychiatric services and contact was made more frequently via primary care and community care providers. Findings from this study reiterate the need for engaging community partners to render timely and relevant support for individuals with mental health issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherilyn Chang
- Research Department, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore.
| | | | | | - Saleha Shafie
- Research Department, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore
| | | | - Swapna Verma
- Department of Psychosis, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore
| | - Ker-Chiah Wei
- Department of Community Psychiatry, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore
| | - Siow Ann Chong
- Research Department, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore
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16
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Chang S, Sambasivam R, Seow E, Tan GCY, Lu SH, Assudani H, Chong SA, Subramaniam M, Vaingankar JA. "We Are All Trying to Find a Way to Help Ourselves": A Look at Self-Help Strategies Among Psychotherapy Clients. Front Psychol 2021; 12:621085. [PMID: 34690850 PMCID: PMC8529116 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.621085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: This study examined self-help strategies engaged by psychotherapy clients and explored their views on such self-help approach. Methods: Secondary analysis of data from a qualitative research study was conducted. A total of 15 psychotherapy clients were recruited, and data were collected via semi-structured interviews. Thematic analysis of data was conducted using inductive approach to examine the content. Results: Three main themes revolving around self-help strategies were identified: (1) types of self-help strategies, (2) reasons for engaging in self-help activities, and (3) effectiveness of self-help strategies. Conclusion: The self-help approach to manage distress is common among psychotherapy clients. This study provided insights into understanding how and why clients use self-help strategies in their daily lives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherilyn Chang
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Esmond Seow
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Sharon Huixian Lu
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hanita Assudani
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Siow Ann Chong
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore
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17
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Shafie S, Subramaniam M, Abdin E, Vaingankar JA, Sambasivam R, Zhang Y, Shahwan S, Chang S, Jeyagurunathan A, Chong SA. Help-Seeking Patterns Among the General Population in Singapore: Results from the Singapore Mental Health Study 2016. ADMINISTRATION AND POLICY IN MENTAL HEALTH AND MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES RESEARCH 2021; 48:586-596. [PMID: 33057931 PMCID: PMC8192323 DOI: 10.1007/s10488-020-01092-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to establish lifetime mental health service utilisation among the general population of Singapore. The sociodemographic correlates of those seeking help from different service provider groups and changes in lifetime mental health service utilisation between 2010 and 2016 among those with mental disorders were also explored. A population-based cross-sectional epidemiological household survey of the Singapore resident population aged 18 years and above was conducted from 2016 to 2018, using the World Mental Health Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) version 3.0. Data from two cross-sectional population-based studies were used for comparison of lifetime mental health service utilisation in 2010 (n = 6616) and 2016 (n = 6126). Chi square test and multiple logistic regression were used to analyse the data. A total of 6126 respondents completed the study in 2016. Overall 9.3% of the total sample, 32.0% of those with mental disorders, and 5.7% of those not meeting criteria for mental disorders, ever sought help for their mental health issues in their lifetime, from any treatment service sectors. Several sociodemographic characteristics were found to be correlated with different service provider groups. There was no change in mental health service utilisation between 2010 and 2016 for all mental disorders included in this study, with the exception of a significant increase in help sought from professionals in social services, among those with alcohol abuse. Even though the overall help-seeking rates are low, it is encouraging that those seeking help did so from mental health professionals and professionals working in the social services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saleha Shafie
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Buangkok Green Medical Park, 10 Buangkok View, Singapore, 539747 Singapore
| | - Mythily Subramaniam
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Buangkok Green Medical Park, 10 Buangkok View, Singapore, 539747 Singapore
| | - Edimansyah Abdin
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Buangkok Green Medical Park, 10 Buangkok View, Singapore, 539747 Singapore
| | - Janhavi Ajit Vaingankar
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Buangkok Green Medical Park, 10 Buangkok View, Singapore, 539747 Singapore
| | - Rajeswari Sambasivam
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Buangkok Green Medical Park, 10 Buangkok View, Singapore, 539747 Singapore
| | - Yunjue Zhang
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Buangkok Green Medical Park, 10 Buangkok View, Singapore, 539747 Singapore
| | - Shazana Shahwan
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Buangkok Green Medical Park, 10 Buangkok View, Singapore, 539747 Singapore
| | - Sherilyn Chang
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Buangkok Green Medical Park, 10 Buangkok View, Singapore, 539747 Singapore
| | - Anitha Jeyagurunathan
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Buangkok Green Medical Park, 10 Buangkok View, Singapore, 539747 Singapore
| | - Siow Ann Chong
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Buangkok Green Medical Park, 10 Buangkok View, Singapore, 539747 Singapore
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18
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Ma Q, Parisi JM, Joo JH, Gallo JJ. Singapore young adults' perception of mental health help-seeking from mental health professionals and peer supporters. Asian J Psychiatr 2021; 61:102687. [PMID: 34004461 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2021.102687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- QianHui Ma
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, 624 North Broadway Street, 8th Floor, Baltimore, MD, 21205, United States.
| | - Jeanine M Parisi
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, 624. North Broadway Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, United States.
| | - Jin Hui Joo
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, 5300 Alpha Commons Dr., Baltimore, MD, 21224, United States.
| | - Joseph J Gallo
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, 624 North Broadway Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, United States.
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19
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Chew CSE, Kelly S, Tay EE, Baeg A, Khaider KB, Oh JY, Rajasegaran K, Saffari SE, Davis C. Implementation of family-based treatment for Asian adolescents with anorexia nervosa: A consecutive cohort examination of outcomes. Int J Eat Disord 2021; 54:107-116. [PMID: 33290613 DOI: 10.1002/eat.23429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study describes the implementation of family-based treatment (FBT) in an eating disorder program in Asia as well as clinical outcomes of Asian adolescents with anorexia nervosa (AN) treated with FBT. METHOD This retrospective consecutive cohort study of 147 Asian adolescents with AN was compared between those in FBT (n = 65) versus treatment as usual (TAU) (n = 82). Variables associated with weight restoration were analyzed between groups. RESULTS Participants' mean age was 14.2 (SD = 1.5) years and 93% were female. Mean presenting %mBMI was 74.0 (SD = 7.8) and average illness duration was 7.7 (SD = 6.1) months. The two groups' baseline characteristics were not significantly different. Weight restoration rates in the FBT group were significantly higher than the TAU group at 6-, 12-, and 24-month time points. A linear mixed model showed the mean %mBMI was significantly higher at 0, 6, 12, and 24 months in the FBT group. The median time to weight restoration for patients on FBT was shorter (FBT: 7.0 months, TAU: 19.0 months; 95% CI [14.5, 23.5] χ2 = 15.84, p < .001). Within the FBT group, those that completed ≥9 FBT sessions had significantly higher rates of weight restoration at 12 months. Across all participants, those with a lower starting %mBMI were less likely to achieve weight restoration by 12 months. CONCLUSION FBT can be effectively implemented in a multidisciplinary eating disorder program managing Asian adolescents with AN with improved rates of weight restoration. Further research is needed to understand the predictors and moderators of remission using FBT in Asian adolescents with AN.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Siobhan Kelly
- Department of Psychology, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore.,Stewart House, Curl, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Amerie Baeg
- Department of Psychology, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore
| | | | - Jean Yin Oh
- Adolescent Medicine Service, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore
| | | | | | - Courtney Davis
- Adolescent Medicine Service, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore
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20
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Tan GTH, Shahwan S, Abdin E, Lau JH, Goh CMJ, Ong WJ, Samari E, Kwok KW, Chong SA, Subramaniam M. Recognition of Depression and Help-Seeking Preference Among University Students in Singapore: An Evaluation of the Impact of Advancing Research to Eliminate Mental Illness Stigma an Education and Contact Intervention. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:582730. [PMID: 34054591 PMCID: PMC8149891 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.582730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The SMHS 2016 revealed that young adults in Singapore had the highest 12-month prevalence of mental disorders, with depression being the most prevalent condition. Additionally, the study found that those with higher education were less likely to seek treatment. The recognition of mental illness and knowledge of where to seek help has been found to influence one's ability to seek timely psychological help. This study thus aims to evaluate the effects of ARTEMIS, an education and contact intervention on university students' recognition of depression and help-seeking preference. Methods: A total of 390 university students were recruited over a period of 6-months (October 2018 to April 2019). Students had to attend a one-off intervention which comprised a lecture on depression and personal contact with a person with lived experience of mental illness. Recognition of depression and help-seeking preference were assessed using a vignette approach, at pre- and post-intervention as well as at 3-month follow-up. Results: The intervention was effective at improving student's recognition of depression and this effect was sustained at 3-months follow-up. The intervention was also effective in shifting student's help-seeking preference, although the effects were not sustained at 3-month follow-up. Having a close friend or family with mental illness was associated with better recognition, and being able to correctly recognize depression was linked to a preference to seek psychiatric over non-psychiatric help. Conclusion: This study elucidated the efficacy of a knowledge-contact-based intervention in improving university students' recognition of depression and help-seeking preference. However, while the benefits on recognition of depression is more enduring, it is more transient for help-seeking beliefs, and booster sessions may be needed to improve the long-term effectiveness of the intervention on help-seeking preference. Lastly, to investigate the generalizability of this study's findings, future studies could replicate the current one across other non-self-selected samples, such as by integrating the intervention as part of student's orientation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shazana Shahwan
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Edimansyah Abdin
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jue Hua Lau
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Wei Jie Ong
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ellaisha Samari
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kian Woon Kwok
- President's Office, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Siow Ann Chong
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore
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21
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Goh K. A qualitative study of the attitudes that most affect the decision of a Singaporean whether to seek counselling or not. ASIA PACIFIC JOURNAL OF COUNSELLING AND PSYCHOTHERAPY 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/21507686.2020.1808800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Khim Goh
- Faculty of Education, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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22
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Sun T, Tang Q, Liu D, Zhao L, Wang F, Xie H. Mental health literacy about depression among rural left-behind children in China: a comparative and cross-sectional study. J Ment Health 2020; 30:263-270. [PMID: 32816536 DOI: 10.1080/09638237.2020.1793117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mental health literacy (MHL) is vital for raising mental health awareness, reducing stigma, and improving health-related decision making, which may have lifelong consequences for patients with mental disorders. AIMS To examine MHL about depression among rural left-behind children (LBC) in China and explore differences between LBC and non-left-behind children (NLBC). METHODS A total of 3456 rural school children (mean age = 13.02 years) in fourth to ninth grades who were living in Sichuan, Anhui, and Henan provinces were surveyed in April and July 2018 using stratified random cluster sampling. RESULTS More NLBC correctly recognized depression compared with LBC (p < 0.05). The most common sources of mental health information were the TV and the Internet. LBC felt more uneasy if they asked for help (p < 0.01). Statistical differences in help-seeking barriers were observed between LBC and NLBC (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Respondents showed low levels of depression-related MHL compared with peer groups in other countries, LBC showed lower MHL than NLBC in terms of the correct recognition rate of depression, attitude toward seeking help, etc. More school-based interventions should be implemented in rural schools, and parent involvement and digital-based educational strategies should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Sun
- School of Nursing, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Qishou Tang
- School of Marxism, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Depei Liu
- School of Nursing, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Long Zhao
- School of Nursing, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Fuzhi Wang
- Department of Health Management, Innovation Team of Health Information Management and Application Research (BYKC201913), Bengbu Medical College (BBMC), Bengbu, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Hui Xie
- School of Nursing, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, P. R. China
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23
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Roystonn K, Vaingankar JA, Chua BY, Sambasivam R, Shafie S, Jeyagurunathan A, Verma S, Abdin E, Chong SA, Subramaniam M. The Public Health Impact and Policy Implications of Online Support Group Use for Mental Health in Singapore: Cross-Sectional Survey. JMIR Ment Health 2020; 7:e18114. [PMID: 32749231 PMCID: PMC7435627 DOI: 10.2196/18114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The wide mental health treatment gap continues to pose a global and local public health challenge. Online support groups are on the rise and could be used to complement formal treatment services for mental health. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to examine the prevalence of online support group use and explore factors associated with the use in the general population using data from a national cross-sectional mental health survey in Singapore. METHODS Singapore residents aged 18 years and above participated in a nationally representative household survey in which the World Health Organization Composite International Diagnostic Interview 3.0 was administered by trained interviewers to examine the use of online support groups for mental health. Multiple logistic regressions were used to analyze the association of online support group use with various sociodemographic and health factors. RESULTS A total of 6110 respondents with complete data were included in this study. Overall, 10 individuals per 1000 adults (1%) reported seeking help from online support groups for their mental health problems. Compared to younger adults (those aged 18 to 34 years) and those with university education, individuals aged 50 to 64 years (P<.001; OR 0.1, 95% CI 0.0-0.3) and those with preuniversity qualifications (P=.02; OR 0.1, 95% CI 0.0-0.8) were less likely to use online support groups for mental health, respectively. Participants with a Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) mental disorder were 6.8 times more likely (P<.001; 95% CI 3.0-15.4) to use an online support group; in particular, individuals with major depressive disorder (P<.001; OR 5.4, 95% CI 2.1-13.8) and obsessive compulsive disorder (P=.01; OR 3.5, 95% CI 1.3-9.7) were more likely to use an online support group for their mental health. CONCLUSIONS Online support groups could be used to complement formal treatment services, especially for mood and anxiety-related disorders. As online support group use for mental health issues may be more prevalent among younger people, early detection and accurate information in online support groups may guide individuals toward seeking professional help for their mental health problems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Boon Yiang Chua
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Saleha Shafie
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Swapna Verma
- Clinical Education, Office of Education, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Edimansyah Abdin
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Siow Ann Chong
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mythily Subramaniam
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore.,Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technology University, Singapore, Singapore.,Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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24
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Tay JL, Goh YSS, Klainin‐Yobas P. Online HOPE intervention on mental health literacy among youths in Singapore: An RCT protocol. J Adv Nurs 2020; 76:1831-1839. [DOI: 10.1111/jan.14393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yong-Shian Shawn Goh
- Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies Yoo Loo Lin School of Medicine Clinical Research Centre National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore
| | - Piyanee Klainin‐Yobas
- Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies Yoo Loo Lin School of Medicine Clinical Research Centre National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore
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25
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Chen P, Liu XJ, Wang XQ, Yang BX, Ruan J, Liu Z. Attitude Toward Seeking Professional Psychological Help Among Community-Dwelling Population in China. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:417. [PMID: 32477190 PMCID: PMC7240032 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the attitudes and factors in seeking professional psychological help among a Chinese community-dwelling population in order to promote positive help-seeking behaviors and better utilization of mental health services. METHODS Using system and simple random sampling with Kish selection table methods, 912 community-dwelling residents were included in this study and asked about their attitudes toward seeking professional psychological help, depression symptoms, family function, depression literacy, help-seeking intention, and stigma. RESULTS Scores on the Attitudes Toward Seeking Professional Psychological Help scale (ATSPPH-SF) indicated a neutral attitude toward openness to seeking treatment for psychological problems and a negative attitude toward the value and need to seek treatment with a negative total score. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that gender, age, social support (employment status and family function), depression literacy, stigma, and help-seeking intention are significantly associated with attitude toward seeking professional psychological help. CONCLUSION The overall attitude toward seeking professional psychological help is not optimistic, thus, more efforts are needed to enhance understanding. Effective interventions including mental health education, training of mental health professionals, and popularizing the use of mental health services are essential, especially for the at-risk population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Chen
- School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiu Jun Liu
- Affiliated Mental Health Center, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong, University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao Qin Wang
- School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | | | - Juan Ruan
- Affiliated Mental Health Center, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong, University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhongchun Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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26
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Picco L, Seow E, Chua BY, Mahendran R, Verma S, Xie H, Wang J, Chong SA, Subramaniam M. Help-seeking beliefs for mental disorders among medical and nursing students. Early Interv Psychiatry 2019; 13:823-831. [PMID: 29740952 PMCID: PMC6635751 DOI: 10.1111/eip.12673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
AIM The current study aimed to investigate beliefs about help-seeking, treatment options and expected outcomes for people with alcohol abuse, dementia, depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder and schizophrenia, using a vignette-based approach, among a sample of nursing and medical students. METHODS This was a cross-sectional online study among medical and nursing students (n = 1002) who were randomly assigned 1 of 5 vignettes. Questions were asked about whom could best help the person in the vignette, the likely helpfulness of a broad range of interventions, and the likely outcome for the person in the vignette with and without appropriate help. RESULTS A total of 45.1% of students recommended seeing a psychiatrist, which was the most common source of help reported for all 5 vignettes. Help-seeking preferences were significantly associated with age, academic year and vignette type. Respondents rated seeing a psychiatrist as the most helpful intervention (92.4%) and dealing with the problem on their own as the most harmful (68.1%). Then, 81.5% of students indicated that the condition of the person in the vignette would worsen if appropriate help was not sought. CONCLUSION Medical and nursing students most commonly recommended seeking help from a psychiatrist for mental health-related problems, where help-seeking preferences were associated with various age, academic year and vignette type. As these students will be the future medical and nursing workforce, they need to be equipped with the skills and ability to recognize signs and symptoms of mental illness, to aid timely and appropriate treatment for people with mental illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louisa Picco
- Research DivisionInstitute of Mental HealthSingapore
| | - Esmond Seow
- Research DivisionInstitute of Mental HealthSingapore
| | | | - Rathi Mahendran
- Psychological MedicineNational University HospitalSingapore
- Clinical, Academic and Faculty AffairsDuke‐NUS Graduate Medical SchoolSingapore
| | - Swapna Verma
- Clinical, Academic and Faculty AffairsDuke‐NUS Graduate Medical SchoolSingapore
- Department of General Psychiatry and Early Psychosis Intervention ProgrammeInstitute of Mental HealthSingapore
| | - Huiting Xie
- Nursing AdministrationInstitute of Mental HealthSingapore
| | - Jia Wang
- Nursing AdministrationInstitute of Mental HealthSingapore
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Mui EYW, Chan SKW, Chan PY, Hui CLM, Chang WC, Lee EHM, Chen EYH. Systematic review (meta-aggregation) of qualitative studies on the experiences of family members caring for individuals with early psychosis. Int Rev Psychiatry 2019; 31:491-509. [PMID: 31547726 DOI: 10.1080/09540261.2019.1659236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Despite the importance of the role of caregivers of people with psychosis being widely recognized, comprehensive understanding of their experience is limited. A thorough understanding of the experience of caregivers over the journey of the illness, particularly during its early stages, is crucial. Qualitative studies published between 1 January 1949 and 31 January 2018 were obtained from seven databases based on PICo search strategy. Meta-aggregation methodology of the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) was adopted to aggregate existing qualitative findings about caregivers' experiences. Twenty-eight qualitative studies on 635 caregivers and family members were included in the review. Six inter-related categories-'stigma', 'help-seeking', 'service encounter', 'emotional challenges', 'on becoming a caregiver' and 'making sense of experience'-were aggregated from 129 themes from the sub-acute stage, the acute stage and the recovery or residual stage. Three statements about caregivers' experiences of their relative's first episode of psychosis were synthesized from the findings. Results highlighted the need of incorporating caregiver intervention into the existing services to support the emotional challenges, uncertainty, and stigma-related burden along the caregiving journey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Yee Wai Mui
- Department of Psychiatry, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR , China
| | - Sherry K W Chan
- Department of Psychiatry, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR , China.,The State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR , China
| | - Pik Ying Chan
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration, The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR , China
| | - Christy L M Hui
- Department of Psychiatry, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR , China
| | - Wing C Chang
- Department of Psychiatry, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR , China.,The State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR , China
| | - Edwin H M Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR , China
| | - Eric Y H Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR , China.,The State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR , China
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Soh KC, Lim WS, Cheang KM, Chan KL. Stigma towards alcohol use disorder: Comparing healthcare workers with the general population. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 2019; 58:39-44. [PMID: 30878697 DOI: 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2019.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Keng Chuan Soh
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore.
| | - Wei Shyan Lim
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore
| | - Ka Man Cheang
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore
| | - Keen Loong Chan
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore
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Jeyagurunathan A, Abdin E, Shafie S, Wang P, Chang S, Ong HL, Abdul Rahman RF, Sagayadevan V, Samari E, Chua YC, Vaingankar JA, Verma SK, Wei KC, Chong SA, Subramaniam M. Pathways to care among psychiatric outpatients in a tertiary mental health institution in Singapore. Int J Soc Psychiatry 2018; 64:554-562. [PMID: 29947273 PMCID: PMC6116080 DOI: 10.1177/0020764018784632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pathways to care studies in Singapore are of high interest given the cultural diversity and various sources of help available for those with mental illnesses, ranging from the more traditional to tertiary-level mental health care services. AIM The current study aimed to explore the associations of patients' socio-demographic characteristics with pathways to first contact and duration of untreated mental illness. METHOD A total of 402 participants were recruited through convenience sampling. A pathway to care form was used to gather systematic information about the sources of care utilized by participants before approaching a mental health professional. Data were analysed using multinomial logistic regression and multiple linear regression models to assess the associations. RESULTS Majority of participants reported primary care (36.0%) as their first point of contact, followed by non-formal sources of help (33.8%), specialist care (21.8%), police/court (4.0%), websites/media (3.3%) and religious/traditional treatment (1.3%). Those belonging to Malay and Indian ethnicity (vs Chinese) were more likely to make first contact with non-formal sources of help than primary care. Those who received a diagnosis of any mood or anxiety disorder (vs schizophrenia and related psychoses) were less likely to make first contact with specialist care or non-formal sources of help than primary care. Those who were separated/divorced/widowed were significantly associated with higher duration of untreated illness compared to those who were single. Participants whose family/relative initiated the first contact were significantly associated with a shorter duration of untreated illness compared to those who initiated first contact on their own. CONCLUSION Findings suggest the determinants of the pathways to first contact and duration of untreated illness included diagnosis, ethnicity, marital status and family initiating the first contact. The pathways adopted by these participants need to be kept in mind for planning mental health programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Saleha Shafie
- 1 Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore
| | - Peizhi Wang
- 1 Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore
| | - Sherilyn Chang
- 1 Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore
| | - Hui Lin Ong
- 1 Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore
| | | | | | | | - Yi Chian Chua
- 1 Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore
| | | | - Swapna Kamal Verma
- 2 Early Psychosis Intervention Programme (EPIP) & General Psychiatry (GP1), Institute of Mental Health, Singapore
| | - Ker-Chiah Wei
- 3 Community Psychiatry, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore
| | - Siow Ann Chong
- 1 Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore
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Preferences for Depression Help-Seeking Among Vietnamese American Adults. Community Ment Health J 2018; 54:748-756. [PMID: 29129006 PMCID: PMC5948113 DOI: 10.1007/s10597-017-0199-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/04/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Culture impacts help-seeking preferences. We examined Vietnamese Americans' help-seeking preferences for depressive symptoms, through a telephone survey (N = 1666). A vignette describing an age- and gender-matched individual with depression was presented, and respondents chose from a list of options and provided open-ended responses about their help-seeking preferences. Results showed that 78.3% would seek professional help, either from a family doctor, a mental health provider, or both; 54.4% preferred to seek help from a family doctor but not from a mental health provider. Most (82.1%) would prefer to talk to family or friends, 62.2% would prefer to look up information, and 50.1% would prefer to get spiritual help. Logistic regression analysis revealed that preferences for non-professional help-seeking options (such as talking to friends or family, looking up information, and getting spiritual help), health care access, and perceived poor health, were associated with increased odds of preferring professional help-seeking. This population-based study of Vietnamese Americans highlight promising channels to deliver education about depression and effective help-seeking resources, particularly the importance of family doctors and social networks. Furthermore, addressing barriers in access to care remains a critical component of promoting professional help-seeking.
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What does the general public understand about prevention and treatment of dementia? A systematic review of population-based surveys. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0196085. [PMID: 29672559 PMCID: PMC5908164 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To synthesise results of population surveys assessing knowledge and attitudes about prevention and treatment of dementia. Methods MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, and grey literature were searched for English language entries published between 2012 and May 2017. Survey questions were grouped using an inductive approach and responses were pooled. Results Thirty-four eligible studies and four grey literature items were identified. Surveys were conducted in Europe, the US, Eastern Asia, Israel, and Australia. Nearly half of respondents agreed that dementia is a normal and non-preventable part of ageing, but belief in the potential for prevention may be improving over time. The role of cardiovascular risk factors was poorly understood overall. Less than half of respondents reported belief in the availability of a cure for dementia. The value of seeking treatment was highly endorsed. Conclusions Results suggest that knowledge about the potential for dementia prevention and treatment remains poor but may be improving over time. Knowledge among those living in low- and middle-income countries are largely unknown, presenting challenges for the development of National action plans consistent with World Health Organization directives.
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Abstract
AIMS The ability to recognise a mental illness has important implications as it can aid in timely and appropriate help-seeking, and ultimately improve outcomes for people with mental illness. This study aims to explore the association between recognition and help-seeking preferences and stigmatising attitudes, for alcohol abuse, dementia, depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and schizophrenia, using a vignette-based approach. METHODS This was a population-based, cross-sectional survey conducted among Singapore Residents (n = 3006) aged 18-65 years. All respondents were asked what they think is wrong with the person in the vignette and who they should seek help from. Respondents were also administered the Personal and Perceived sub scales of the Depression Stigma Scale and the Social Distance Scale. Weighted frequencies and percentages were calculated for categorical variables. A series of multiple logistic and linear regression models were performed separately by vignette to generate odd ratios and 95% confidence intervals for the relationship between help-seeking preference, and recognition and beta coefficients and 95% confidence intervals for the relationship between stigma and recognition. RESULTS Correct recognition was associated with less preference to seek help from family and friends for depression and schizophrenia. Recognition was also associated with increased odds of endorsing seeking help from a psychiatric hospital for dementia, depression and schizophrenia, while there was also an increased preference to seek help from a psychologist and psychiatrist for depression. Recognition was associated with less personal and perceived stigma for OCD and less personal stigma for schizophrenia, however, increased odds of social distancing for dementia. CONCLUSION The ability to correctly recognise a mental illness was associated with less preference to seek help from informal sources, whilst increased preference to seek help from mental health professionals and services and less personal and perceived stigma. These findings re-emphasise the need to improve mental health literacy and reinforce the potential benefits recognition can have to individuals and the wider community in Singapore.
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Abstract
Mental health is a major concern throughout the world. The lifetime prevalence of mental health problems in Singapore for those aged 18 years and above was reported to be 12%. However, studies on mental health literacy are relatively scarce in Singapore. The aim of this paper is to provide a topical review of local studies on mental health literacy, people's knowledge of, and attitude toward mental illness, and beliefs about mental health treatment. A narrative review of studies on mental health literacy in Singapore covering the period from 1995 to 2016 highlights the findings from various local studies about attitudes toward mental illness, belief about the causes, and help-seeking behavior. Findings revealed that many lay people are unable to recognize different types of mental disorders. Negative attitudes toward mental illness that hinders individuals from seeking professional treatment, and help-seeking, are the common themes that emerge from the findings. Health professionals have differing views about the causes and treatment of mental disorders. Findings also revealed that treatment seeking and attitudes and beliefs toward mental illness are related to mental health literacy. Implications for promoting mental health literacy are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kareen N Tonsing
- a Department of Anthropology , Oakland University , Rochester , MI , USA
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Comparing the mental health literacy of Chinese people in Australia, China, Hong Kong and Taiwan: Implications for mental health promotion. Psychiatry Res 2017. [PMID: 28648988 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2017.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Using data of 200, 522, 572, and 287 Chinese from Australia, China, Hong Kong and Taiwan respectively, this study aimed at comparing the mental health literacy of Chinese people from different communities, and between Chinese communities and the Australian general public. The participants were asked questions that assessed their recognition of depression and schizophrenia. Compared with the Australians, much lower percentages of Chinese in the four Chinese communities could correctly identify depression and early schizophrenia. Commonalities in the preference for 'psychiatrist', 'psychologist', 'Chinese medical doctor', and 'Chinese traditional healer', a lack of knowledge of medications, and a higher likelihood of endorsement of traditional Chinese medicines were found among the four Chinese communities. Differences in the preference for 'general practitioner' and 'social worker', and a higher percentage of endorsement of herbal medicines were observed among the different Chinese communities. Cultural factors such as Chinese perceptions of mental illness, and socio-contextual factors such as differences in mental health care system in the four communities were offered to explain these commonalities and differences. Mental health promotion programmes for Chinese people may need to consider the above-mentioned cultural and socio-contextual factors so that specific promotion programmes can be developed.
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Yakushi T, Kuba T, Nakamoto Y, Fukuhara H, Koda M, Tanaka O, Kondo T. Usefulness of an educational lecture focusing on improvement in public awareness of and attitudes toward depression and its treatments. BMC Health Serv Res 2017; 17:126. [PMID: 28183303 PMCID: PMC5301371 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-017-2071-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background There is an urgent need to establish effective strategies for suicide prevention. Stigma against depression may be a potential anti-protective factor for suicide. Thus, we investigated baseline levels of awareness and attitudes toward depression and its treatment among the general population by our original 18-item questionnaire, which we aimed to validate in the present study. Next, we conducted two types of educational interventions and examined the results to clarify the difference in the quality of these lectures. Methods Subjects were 834 citizens (245 males and 589 females) who received an anti-stigma-targeted (n = 467) or non-targeted lecture (n = 367). An 18-item questionnaire assessing levels of awareness and attitudes toward depression and its treatments was administered to each participant before and after the lecture. A chi-square test was used to investigate categorical variables for background data on the participants. Factor analysis of baseline scores was conducted on the 18 questionnaire items. Student’s t-test was used for analysis of the gender effect. A two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used for comparison among the 5 age groups and comparison of the effect of the two lectures. Multiple regression analysis was applied to examine the determinants of improved attitudes after intervention. Results Public attitudes toward depression consisted of 4 distinct elements, which were disease-model attitudes, help-seeking behavior, negative affect toward depression, and non-medication solutions. Older participants had poorer disease-model attitudes and more negative affect toward depression, whereas younger participants showed poorer help-seeking behavior (p < 0.05). The anti-stigma-targeted lecture was superior to the non-targeted lecture in improving disease-model attitudes and non-medication solutions (p < 0.05). Multiple regression analyses revealed that each subscale score at post-lecture was strongly dependent on its own baseline subscale score (p < 0.01), and that baseline disease-model attitudes also affected post-lecture scores on negative affect toward depression and non-medication solutions (p < 0.01). Conclusions The educational intervention appears useful for acquiring accurate attitudes toward depression in a medical model. However, other strategies should be considered to enhance help-seeking behavior, especially in younger people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Yakushi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, 207 Uehara, Nishihara-cho, Okinawa, 903-0215, Japan.
| | - Teizo Kuba
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, 207 Uehara, Nishihara-cho, Okinawa, 903-0215, Japan
| | - Yuzuru Nakamoto
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, 207 Uehara, Nishihara-cho, Okinawa, 903-0215, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Fukuhara
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, 207 Uehara, Nishihara-cho, Okinawa, 903-0215, Japan
| | - Munenaga Koda
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, 207 Uehara, Nishihara-cho, Okinawa, 903-0215, Japan
| | - Osamu Tanaka
- Aomori Prefectural Center for Mental Health and Welfare, 353-92 Sannai Sawabe, Aomori, 038-0031, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Kondo
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, 207 Uehara, Nishihara-cho, Okinawa, 903-0215, Japan
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