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Chen T, Zhou R, Yao NA, Wang S. Mental health of homebound older adults in China. Geriatr Nurs 2021; 43:124-129. [PMID: 34864541 DOI: 10.1016/j.gerinurse.2021.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The mental health status of the homebound population in China is relatively overlooked. A sample of 1,301 older adults from Shandong Province was used to compare the mental health status among homebound, semi-homebound, and non-homebound older adults in China, and examine the moderation effects of loneliness and gender. This study found that, controlling for demographic and physical health status, the homebound population was more likely to have worse mental health status than non-homebound older adults. Experiencing loneliness intensified the adverse effects of being homebound on older adults' mental health. The negative effects of being semi-homebound on mental health were more pronounced among older males than females. Findings from this study suggested that homebound older adults in China experienced psychological challenges. Social programs and interventions may be designed to improve this population's mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Chen
- Center for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Health Economics and Policy Research, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Rui Zhou
- Center for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Health Economics and Policy Research, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Nengliang Aaron Yao
- Center for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Health Economics and Policy Research, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China; University of Virginia, School of Medicine, Section of Geriatrics; Home Centered Care Institute
| | - Shuangshuang Wang
- Center for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Health Economics and Policy Research, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China; University of Massachusetts Boston, Gerontology Institute.
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Ramesh A, Issac TG, Mukku SSR, Sivakumar PT. Companionship and Sexual Issues in the Aging Population. Indian J Psychol Med 2021; 43:S71-S77. [PMID: 34732958 PMCID: PMC8543609 DOI: 10.1177/02537176211045622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Loneliness and social isolation are significant public health crises in older adults. The issues about companionship have many psychosocial and cultural dimensions, which is further compounded by the current COVID-19 pandemic. In modern-day India, there is a significant increase in the number of older adults left to live alone because of sociocultural changes in our society. Companionship in late life is known to promote the quality of life and decrease the mental health morbidity. There is an increasing role of pets as companions to the elderly. Novel technologies such as artificial intelligence in the form of robots are being explored to support the elderly. Sexuality is another complex issue related to older adults that is often ignored. The sexuality and sexual functioning in older adults largely depend on physiological, psychological, and sociocultural factors. The principles of ageism have influenced sexuality in older adults. Sociocultural issues and the aging-related pathophysiological changes can contribute to an increased risk for legal issues related to sexuality in this population. There is a need for more systematic research into the multifaceted concept of companionship and sexuality in the older adult population. This review article addresses these two distinct subjects separately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Ramesh
- Geriatric Clinic and Services, Dept. of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Thomas Gregor Issac
- Geriatric Clinic and Services, Dept. of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Shiva Shanker Reddy Mukku
- Dept. of Psychiatry, Viswabharathi Medical College and General Hospital, Kurnool, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Palanimuthu T Sivakumar
- Geriatric Clinic and Services, Dept. of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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Sennott B, Woo K, Hess S, Mitchem D, Klostermann EC, Myrick E, Anderson S, Savica R, Fleisher JE. Novel Outreach Program and Practical Strategies for Patients with Parkinsonism in the COVID-19 Pandemic. JOURNAL OF PARKINSONS DISEASE 2020; 10:1383-1388. [PMID: 32804103 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-202156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has upended daily life and neurologic care for most patients, including those with Parkinson's disease and parkinsonism. Disruptions to routine care, high volumes of patient and caregiver calls, and our patients' risk of infection and complications inspired a proactive COVID-19 outreach program. This program targets patients with advanced Parkinson's disease and related disorders, specifically those who are homebound, receiving or eligible for palliative care, and/or lacking support networks. We describe the program and practical strategies providers can implement to support wellbeing and successful telehealth uptake during this time of social isolation and gradual reopening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brianna Sennott
- Rush Medical College, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Katheryn Woo
- Rush Medical College, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Serena Hess
- Section of Movement Disorders, Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Daniela Mitchem
- Section of Movement Disorders, Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ellen C Klostermann
- Section of Movement Disorders, Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Erica Myrick
- Section of Movement Disorders, Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sharlet Anderson
- Section of Movement Disorders, Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Rodolfo Savica
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jori E Fleisher
- Section of Movement Disorders, Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
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Wang J, Yu F, Cai X, Caprio TV, Li Y. Functional outcome in home health: Do racial and ethnic minority patients with dementia fare worse? PLoS One 2020; 15:e0233650. [PMID: 32453771 PMCID: PMC7250428 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Evaluate the independent and interactive effects of dementia and racial/ethnic minority status on functional outcomes during a home health (HH) admission among Medicare beneficiaries. Methods Secondary analysis of data from the Outcome and Assessment Information Set [OASIS] and billing records in a non-profit HH agency in New York. Participants were adults ≥ 65 years old who received HH in CY 2017 with OASIS records at HH admission and HH discharge. Dementia was identified by diagnosis (ICD-10 codes) and cognitive impairment (OASIS: M1700, M1710, M1740). We used OASIS records to assess race/ethnicity (M0140) and functional status (M1800-M1870 on activities of daily living [ADL]). Functional outcome was measured as change in the composite ADL score from HH admission to HH discharge, where a negative score means improvement and a positive score means decline. Results The sample included 4,783 patients, among whom 93.9% improved in ADLs at HH discharge. In multivariable linear regression that adjusted for HH service use and covariates (R2 = 0.23), being African American (β = 0.21, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.06, 0.35, p = 0.005) and having dementia (β = 0.51, 95% CI: 0.41, 0.62, p<0.001) were independently related to less ADL improvement at HH discharge, with significant interaction related to further decrease in ADL improvement. Relative to white patients without dementia, African American patients with dementia (β = 1.08, 95% CI: 0.81, 1.35, p<0.001), Hispanics with dementia (β = 0.92, 95% CI: 0.38, 1.47, p = 0.001) and Asian Americans with dementia (β = 1.47, 95% CI: 0.81, 2.13, p<0.001) showed the least ADL improvement at HH discharge. Conclusion Racial/ethnic minority status and dementia were associated with less ADL improvement in HH with independent and interactive effects. Policies should ensure that these patients have equitable access to appropriate, adequate community-based services to meet their needs in ADLs and disease management for improved outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjiao Wang
- School of Nursing, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Fang Yu
- School of Nursing, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America
| | - Xueya Cai
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States of America
| | - Thomas V. Caprio
- Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States of America
- University of Rochester Medical Home Care, Rochester, NY, United States of America
- Finger Lakes Geriatric Education Center, Rochester, NY, United States of America
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States of America
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Wang J, Caprio TV, Simning A, Shang J, Conwell Y, Yu F, Li Y. Association Between Home Health Services and Facility Admission in Older Adults With and Without Alzheimer's Disease. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2019; 21:627-633.e9. [PMID: 31879184 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2019.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the association between home health (HH) services, including skilled nursing (SN), physical therapy (PT), occupational therapy, social work (SW), and homemaking aide assistance with the hazard of unplanned facility admissions among Medicare patients with and without Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD). DESIGN Analysis of the Outcome and Assessment Information Set and billing records. SETTING A not-for-profit HH agency serving multiple counties in New York State. PARTICIPANTS Adults ≥65 years old who received HH from January 1, 2017 to December 31, 2017. MEASURES Outcome was time from HH start of care to an unplanned facility admission of any type, including the hospital, nursing home, and rehabilitation facility. Independent variables included weekly intensity (visits/week, hours/week) of SN, PT, occupational therapy, SW, and, homemaking aide assistance separately. ADRD was identified by diagnosis (International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision codes in billing records) and cognitive impairment assessment (Outcome and Assessment Information Set). RESULTS Of the sample (N = 6153), 14.9% had an unplanned facility admission. In multivariable Cox proportional hazard models that adjusted for time-varying effects of HH intensity and covariates, receiving the highest intensity of SN (3.3 visits of 2.78 hours per week) and PT (2.5 visits of 2 hours per week) was related to up to a 54% and 86% decrease, respectively, in the hazard of unplanned facility admission among patients with ADRD (n = 1525), and decreases of 56% and 90%, respectively, among patients without ADRD (n = 4628). Receiving any SW was related to 40% decreased in the hazard of facility admission in patients without ADRD only. Other HH services were not consistently related to the risk of facility admission. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Receiving a higher intensity of SN and PT was associated with reduced hazards of unplanned facility admission among HH patients with and without ADRD. Policies should ensure that patients with ADRD receive a sufficient amount and appropriate mix of HH services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjiao Wang
- School of Nursing, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY.
| | - Thomas V Caprio
- Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY; University of Rochester Medical Home Care, Rochester, NY; Finger Lakes Geriatric Education Center, NY
| | - Adam Simning
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY
| | | | - Yeates Conwell
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY
| | - Fang Yu
- School of Nursing, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY
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Klug G, Gallunder M, Hermann G, Singer M, Schulter G. Effectiveness of multidisciplinary psychiatric home treatment for elderly patients with mental illness: a systematic review of empirical studies. BMC Psychiatry 2019; 19:382. [PMID: 31796012 PMCID: PMC6889722 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-019-2369-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The vast majority of older people with mental illness prefer to live independently in their own homes. Barriers caused by the health care system often prevent adequate, adapted treatments. With regard to the increasing ageing of the population, the determination of effective, age-appropriate service models for elderly patients with mental illness is clearly required. The aim of this review is to examine and to evaluate multidisciplinary psychogeriatric treatment models that include home visits, particularly with regard to the effects on psychiatric symptoms, social and mental health rehabilitation and quality of life. METHODS A systematic review was carried out of empirical studies with participants who were diagnosed with a mental illness according to ICD-10, aged 60 years or older, and who were living at home. The inclusion criteria comprised a duration of intervention of at least 12 weeks and a minimum of two interventions and domiciliary visits delivered by a multidisciplinary team. The online databases Medline, PsychInfo, Web of Science, Cochrane Register of Controlled Trials, and Google Scholar, as well as hand search, were used to search for relevant studies published between 1996 and 2016. An additional search was performed for studies published between 2016 and 2019. After removing duplicates, abstracts were screened and the remaining articles were included for full-text review. RESULTS Of the 3536 records discovered in total, 260 abstracts appeared to be potentially eligible. Of these, 30 full-text articles were assessed for eligibility. For the additional search 415 records and abstracts were screened and 11 articles were read full text. Finally, only three studies fully met the inclusion criteria for this review. The results indicate that psychogeriatric home treatment is associated with significant improvements of psychiatric symptoms and psychosocial problems, fewer admissions to hospital and nursing homes, as well as lower costs of care. CONCLUSIONS Psychogeriatric home treatment has positive effects on older people with mental illness. However, these findings are based upon a small number of studies. The need for further research, especially to specify the effective factors in psychogeriatric home treatment, is clearly indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Günter Klug
- Society for Mental Health Promotion, Plüddemanngasse 45, A-8010, Graz, Austria.
| | - Manuela Gallunder
- Society for Mental Health Promotion, Hasnerplatz 4, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Gerhard Hermann
- Society for Mental Health Promotion, Hasnerplatz 4, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Monika Singer
- Society for Mental Health Promotion, Plüddemanngasse 33, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Günter Schulter
- 0000000121539003grid.5110.5Department of Psychology, Biological Psychology Unit, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 2, A-8010 Graz, Austria
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Konnert C, Huang V, Pesut B. Mental health knowledge and training needs among direct care workers: a mixed methods study. Aging Ment Health 2019; 23:897-904. [PMID: 29659296 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2018.1453483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Direct care providers (DCWs) spend the most time with clients in the home, and as such, play an integral role in identifying mental health problems. However, DCWs receive little preparation in mental health and there is little research regarding their role in the mental health care of clients. The purpose of this study was to explore DCWs' knowledge, attitudes, and experiences of caring for clients with mental health problems from the perspectives of DCWs and key administrators (KAs). METHOD Mixed method design. Structured interviews were conducted with DCWs. Focus groups were conducted with KAs. RESULTS Twenty-nine DCWs and 12 KAs took part in the study. Loneliness and memory problems in clients were the most prevalent challenges identified by DCWs. DCWs' self-reported mental health knowledge was mid to high across all domains, although they had many misconceptions about mental health and aging. Helpful strategies in working with clients included communication skills, rapport-building, behavioral, cognitive, emotion-regulation, and making use of external resources. KAs noted individual differences in DCWs' mental health knowledge and indicated that mental health issues were often viewed by DCWs as dispositional problems or a normal part of aging. KAs viewed DCWs' greatest challenges as personalizing difficult client behaviors, lack of knowledge about how to manage specific behaviors, and difficulties managing their own emotions towards clients. CONCLUSION Data from this study suggest important areas for DCW development. However, system issues that affect DCWs such as workload, resources, mental health stigma, and diverse client populations should be addressed concurrently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candace Konnert
- a Department of Psychology , University of Calgary , T2N 1N4 , Calgary , Alberta , Canada
| | - Vivian Huang
- b Department of Psychology , Ryerson University , M5B 2K3 , Toronto , Ontario , Canada
| | - Barbara Pesut
- c School of Nursing , University of British Columbia , V1V 1V7 , Kelowna , British Columbia , Canada
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The mediating role of depression on the relationship between housebound status and cognitive function among the elderly in rural communities: A cross-sectional study. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2018; 78:58-63. [PMID: 29902685 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2018.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Revised: 05/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the relationship among housebound status, depression and cognitive function, and further to study whether depression can take on a mediator among elders in rural communities. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 720 community residents aged ≥60 years from March to May in 2016 in Hebei province, China. We used the Chinese version of Housebound scale, the Rasch-Derived of the Center for Epidemiological studies Depression scale (CES-D-R), and the Minimental State Examination Scale (MMSE) to estimate housebound status, depression, and cognitive function separately. Correlation, multiple linear regression, and structural equation modeling was used to data analyses. RESULTS 712 completely replied questionnaires were finally used in the data analyses among 720 questionnaires, which indicated that effective response rate was 98.9%. Results indicated that the scores of housebound status were positively correlated with the MMSE scores. Being housebound correlated negatively with MMSE scores. Housebound status and three dimensions of CES-D-R (i.e. negative affect, positive affect, and interpersonal problems) were deemed as significant predictors of cognitive function among rural elders. The effect of housebound status on cognitive function was fully mediated by depression. CONCLUSIONS Not all subscales of CES-D-R can affect MMSE scores among rural elders. There may be full mediation effects of depression within the impact of housebound status on cognitive function, mainly through negative affect, positive affect and interpersonal problems. It indicates that preventing the elderly from housebound status could relieve the decline of cognitive function by the intermediary role of depression.
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Jing LW, Wang FL, Zhang XL, Yao T, Xing FM. Occurrence of and factors influencing elderly homebound in Chinese urban community: A cross-sectional study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96:e7207. [PMID: 28658111 PMCID: PMC5500033 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000007207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies on the occurrence of homebound and the factors influencing it are available. However, the study of community homebound in China is still in its preliminary stage. No previous studies about this issue are available. This study aims to assess the occurrence of and factors influencing homebound elderly in Chinese communities and to provide a basis for effective intervention and prevention of homebound elderly people.One sample community from three provinces was randomly selected. Investigations were performed on the selected communities and 2180 elderly people were chosen as the research subjects. Unified survey scales were used. Home visit and face-to-face interviews were performed to ensure that no single qualified survey respondent was missed.The rate of morbidity in homebound elderly Chinese community was found to be 15.49% and it gradually increased with age, and also with a lower education or poorer Activities of Daily Living (ADL). Single factor analysis showed that general situation, living habits, physical condition, mental condition, society, social support, and other factors affected the occurrence of community homebound elderly. Women were more likely to be homebound than men (P < .05). Having a spouse or high income reduced the rate of morbidity in the homebound elderly (P < .05). Multifactor regression analysis revealed that poor ADL, depression, hearing impairment, being old, no exercise, and low social support are the main influencing factors.Appropriate measures should be taken based on the specific influencing factor to prevent the occurrence of homebound.
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Ghesquiere AR, Bazelais KN, Berman J, Greenberg RL, Kaplan D, Bruce ML. Associations Between Recent Bereavement and Psychological and Financial Burden in Homebound Older Adults. OMEGA-JOURNAL OF DEATH AND DYING 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/0030222815590709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Bereavement is common in older adults, but it remains unknown whether bereavement contributes to poor outcomes in the vulnerable population of older adults receiving home-based services. We examine whether recent bereavement was associated with worse physical or mental health, presence of abuse or neglect, and financial strain. Research Design Cross-sectional analyses of an assessment of functional and social vulnerabilities collected by the New York City Department for the Aging (DFTA), the largest Area Agency on Aging in New York. Assessments were completed on 5,576 New York City Department for the Aging long-term care program, recipients aged ≥60 who received services in 2012. Assessment also collected data on partner or child death in the last year. Results Logistic regression indicated that the recently bereaved were more likely than the nonbereaved to report both depression symptoms and financial strain. Conclusion Enhanced efforts to identify and address mental health and financial concerns in bereaved homebound older adults may be warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela R. Ghesquiere
- Brookdale Center for Healthy Aging, Hunter College of the City University of New York, NY, USA
| | - Kisha N. Bazelais
- University of Miami, Student Counseling Center, Coral Gables, FL, USA
| | | | | | - Daniel Kaplan
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medical College, NY, USA
| | - Martha L. Bruce
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medical College, NY, USA
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Wang J, Jia H, Shang J, Kearney JA. Critical Association Between Mental Health Disorders and Medical Status: Depression Intervention Use Indicates a Two-Fold Risk for Subsequent Medical Events in Older American Home Health Care Patients. J Gerontol Nurs 2016; 42:42-55. [PMID: 27379455 DOI: 10.3928/00989134-20160701-03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The current study examined longitudinal associations between mental disorders and all-cause subsequent medical events in a 5% random sample of records in the 2010 national Outcome and Assessment Information Set. Records of older adults (N = 28,475) receiving home health care (HHC) services were examined with respect to mental disorders and medical events, including acute care hospitalization, emergency department admission, and 30-day rehospitalization. Predominant mental disorders were depression and anxiety identified by formal diagnoses, symptom clusters, and/or prescription of related mental health services. Depression intervention use was the strongest risk factor for all three types of medical events. However, 61.6% of patients receiving depression interventions did not screen positive at admission using the Patient Health Questionnaire-2. Moving forward, nurses must closely monitor high-risk older adults throughout the HHC stay using sensitive depression screening tools, as well as receive targeted training in geriatric psychiatry. [Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 42(10), 42-55.].
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Choi M, O'Connor ML, Mingo CA, Mezuk B. Gender and Racial Disparities in Life-Space Constriction Among Older Adults. THE GERONTOLOGIST 2015; 56:1153-1160. [PMID: 26185148 DOI: 10.1093/geront/gnv061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE STUDY "Life-space" is the spatial area through which a person experiences and interacts with the world. Life-space constriction, the shrinking of the spatial area that a person traverses, is associated with negative health outcomes in later life. Racial and gender disparities in mobility as indicated by life-space constriction are thought to contribute to broader disparities in health and functioning among older adults. DESIGN AND METHODS Data come from the 5-year follow-up of the Advanced Cognitive Training for Independent and Vital Elderly (ACTIVE) Study (N = 2,765; mean age = 73.6; 75.8% women; 73.7% White). Life-space constriction was defined as "not traveling beyond one's town." A series of logistic regression and Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate risk for incident life-space constriction by race and gender. RESULTS Blacks and women had greater likelihood of life-space constriction at baseline. Women were more likely to experience incident life-space constriction at follow-up relative to men (Hazard ratio [HR]: 1.89, 95% Confidence interval [CI]: 1.26-2.83). Blacks were associated with lower risk of life-space constriction over time (HR: 0.67, 95% CI: 0.45-0.99) relative to Whites. IMPLICATIONS Disparities in life-space constriction by gender and race exist in later life. Understanding the processes underlying these mobility restrictions is important to developing intervention programs to enhance health and functioning for older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moon Choi
- Graduate School of Science and Technology Policy, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea. .,College of Social Work, University of Kentucky, Lexington
| | - Melissa L O'Connor
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, North Dakota State University, Fargo
| | - Chivon A Mingo
- Gerontology Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta
| | - Briana Mezuk
- Department of Family Medicine and Population Health, Division of Epidemiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia.,Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
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Karlin BE, Karel MJ. National Integration of Mental Health Providers in VA Home-Based Primary Care: An Innovative Model for Mental Health Care Delivery With Older Adults. THE GERONTOLOGIST 2013; 54:868-79. [DOI: 10.1093/geront/gnt142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bradley E. Karlin
- Mental Health Services, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs Central Office, Washington, District of Columbia
- Department of Mental Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Michele J. Karel
- Mental Health Services, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs Central Office, Washington, District of Columbia
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Managing patients with bipolar disorder at home: a family affair and a psychiatric challenge in home healthcare. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 30:280-91; quiz 291-3. [PMID: 22565349 DOI: 10.1097/nhh.0b013e318252c52b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Medicare has covered psychiatric home care for many years, but the delivery of psychiatric services in the home continues to raise questions related to coverage and criteria. What services do psychiatric nurses provide in the home? What are the rules and regulations governing this service? This article presents information related to psychiatric nursing in home care and specifically bipolar disease. These questions are answered within Chapter 7 of the Medicare Benefit Policy Manual, April 2011. Section 40.1.2.15.
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Diefenbach GJ, Tolin DF, Gilliam CM. Impairments in life quality among clients in geriatric home care: associations with depressive and anxiety symptoms. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2012; 27:828-35. [PMID: 21960438 PMCID: PMC3391339 DOI: 10.1002/gps.2791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2011] [Revised: 08/04/2011] [Accepted: 08/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine the independent contributions of depressive and anxiety symptoms to quality of life among older adults who were receiving services through a home care program. METHODS The study sample consisted of 66 community-dwelling older adults (ages 65 years and older), who were experiencing chronic medical illness and concomitant functional disability necessitating home care. Participants completed self-report measures of depression, anxiety, and health-related quality of life. Additional data on cognitive, health, and functional status were collected to be used as covariates. RESULTS The associations of depressive symptoms with quality of life impairments in home care were substantial and pervasive. Depressive symptoms were significantly associated with quality of life impairments in nearly all domains. After controlling for depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms accounted for additional and statistically significant variance in impaired life quality in the domains of mental health, role emotional functioning, and bodily pain. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that depressive and anxiety symptoms demonstrate negative associations with life quality among older adults in home care and highlight the importance of developing community-based programs to assess and treat depressive and anxiety symptoms among home care clients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gretchen J. Diefenbach
- Corresponding Author: Gretchen J. Diefenbach, Ph.D., Anxiety Disorders Center, The Institute of Living/Hartford Hospital, 200 Retreat Avenue, Hartford, CT 06106, Phone: (860) 545-7685, Fax: (860) 545-7156,
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Davitt JK, Gellis ZD. Integrating mental health parity for homebound older adults under the medicare home health care benefit. JOURNAL OF GERONTOLOGICAL SOCIAL WORK 2011; 54:309-324. [PMID: 21462061 DOI: 10.1080/01634372.2010.540075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Despite high rates of mental illness, very few homebound older adults receive treatment. Comorbid mental illness exacerbates physical health conditions, reduces treatment adherence, and increases dependency and medical costs. Although effective treatments exist, many home health agencies lack capacity to effectively detect and treat mental illness. This article critically analyzes barriers within the Medicare home health benefit that impede access to mental health treatment. Policy, practice, and research recommendations are made to integrate mental health parity in home health care. In particular, creative use of medical social work can improve detection and treatment of mental illness for homebound older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan K Davitt
- School of Social Policy & Practice; and New Courtland Center for Transitions and Health, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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Cohen-Mansfield J, Shmotkin D, Hazan H. Homebound older persons: prevalence, characteristics, and longitudinal predictors. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2011; 54:55-60. [PMID: 21420181 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2011.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2010] [Revised: 02/20/2011] [Accepted: 02/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The current study examines the prevalence and correlates of homebound status aiming to elucidate the predictors and implications of being homebound. Analyzed sample was drawn from two representative cohorts of older persons in Israel, including 1191 participants (mean age=83.10 ± 5.3 years) of the first wave of the Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Aging Study (CALAS) and 418 participants (mean age=83.13 ± 5.2 years) of the Israeli Multidisciplinary Aging Study (IMAS). Cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses were conducted. Homebound prevalence rates of 17.7-19.5% were found. Homebound participants tended to be older, female, have obese or underweight body mass index (BMI), poorer health, lower functional status, less income, higher depressed affect, were significantly lonelier (in CALAS), and more likely to have stairs and no elevators, than their counterparts. Predictors of becoming homebound include low functional IADL status, having stairs and no elevator (in both cohorts), old age, female gender, and being obese or underweight (in CALAS). The study shows that homebound status is a prevalent problem in old-old Israelis. Economic and socio-demographic resources, environment, and function play a role in determining the older person's homebound status. Implications for preventing homebound status and mitigating its impact with regards to the Israeli context are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiska Cohen-Mansfield
- The Herczeg Institute on Aging, Tel Aviv University, P.O.B. 39040, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.
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Qiu WQ, Dean M, Liu T, George L, Gann M, Cohen J, Bruce ML. Physical and mental health of homebound older adults: an overlooked population. J Am Geriatr Soc 2010; 58:2423-8. [PMID: 21070195 DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2010.03161.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
There are currently more than 38.9 million people aged 65 an older in the United States. Up to 3.6 million of these people are considered housebound and in need of home-based care. Although homebound status is not defined specifically, with a broad range of disability levels, it is evident that people who are homebound suffer from a multitude of medical and psychiatric illnesses. This review examines the current literature to identify the specific physical and psychiatric factors most responsible for older adults becoming and remaining housebound. Homebound older adults suffer from metabolic, cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, and musculoskeletal diseases, as well as from cognitive impairment, dementia, and depression, at higher rates than the general elderly population. The information in this review will explain the specific types of care the homebound population needs and discuss the care that could help ease their suffering and delay their entry into a nursing home or hospital.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Qiao Qiu
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston University Medical Campus, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA.
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Diefenbach GJ, Tolin DF, Meunier SA, Gilliam CM. Assessment of anxiety in older home care recipients. THE GERONTOLOGIST 2009; 49:141-53. [PMID: 19363010 DOI: 10.1093/geront/gnp019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study determined the psychometric properties of a variety of anxiety measures administered to older adults receiving home care services. DESIGN AND METHODS Data were collected from 66 adults aged 65 years and older who were receiving home care services. Participants completed self-report and clinician-rated measures of anxiety and diagnostic interviews for generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). RESULTS Most measures demonstrated acceptable psychometric properties. All of the measures showed excellent interrater reliability to support verbal administration, which is the typical mode of assessment in home care. The ease of use for each measure (e.g., time of administration) was also evaluated. The Geriatric Anxiety Inventory (GAI) demonstrated the strongest and the Beck Anxiety Inventory the weakest psychometric properties. The GAI and the GAD screening questions from The Primary Care Evaluation of Mental Disorders (PRIME-MD) Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ) demonstrated the greatest utility in screening for anxiety disorders (either GAD or anxiety disorder not otherwise specified). IMPLICATIONS These data support the use of anxiety measures within a geriatric home care setting. The strengths and weaknesses of each measure are discussed to facilitate selection of the optimal measure depending upon assessment goals and available resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gretchen J Diefenbach
- Anxiety Disorders Center, Institute of Living/Hartford Hospital, Hartford, CT 06106, USA.
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Fyffe DC, Brown EL, Sirey JA, Hill EG, Bruce ML. Older home-care patients' preferred approaches to depression care: a pilot study. J Gerontol Nurs 2008; 34:17-22. [PMID: 18714602 DOI: 10.3928/00989134-20080801-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this pilot study was to explore the approaches to depression care preferred by older home-care patients and examine characteristics associated with those preferences. Twenty-eight long-term home-care patients, ages 62 to 95, were interviewed. Patients ranked their depression care preferences and provided rationale for their responses. Results indicated prayer was preferred by the highest percentage of patients (50%). Comparing patients with and without depression experience, prayer was preferred by the latter group. The results highlight the importance of addressing patient preferences during care planning to improve participation in geriatric depression care management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise C Fyffe
- Institute for the Elimination of Health Disparities, School of Public Health, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, 65 Bergen Street, Newark, NJ 07107-3001, USA.
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Diefenbach GJ, Tolin DF, Gilliam CM, Meunier SA. Extending cognitive-behavioral therapy for late-life anxiety to home care: program development and case examples. Behav Modif 2008; 32:595-610. [PMID: 18270284 DOI: 10.1177/0145445508314269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Data suggesting that cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is efficacious for late-life anxiety are accumulating; however, effectiveness has not been well established. Incorporating CBT for anxiety into home care is needed to facilitate access to evidenced-based treatment for a growing population of community-dwelling, functionally impaired elderly people. In this article, the authors describe the development of a home-based CBT program for late-life anxiety, outlining their experience partnering with a community care management organization. They also describe the CBT protocol and present data form two participants who completed the treatment. The two case examples illustrate multiple barriers to achieving successful treatment outcomes with this population. Future research needs to determine the extent to which adaptations are necessary to optimize the success of CBT for anxiety in a home care setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick A Cunningham
- Behavioral Health Program, Gentiva Health Services, Farmington, Connecticut 06032, USA.
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