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Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic is having substantial impacts on the health status of individuals with alcohol use disorder (AUD) and alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD). AUD and ALD have both been impacted throughout the pandemic, with increases in alcohol use during the early stages of the pandemic, reduced access to treatment during the mid-pandemic, and challenges in managing the downstream effects in the post-COVID era. This review will focus on how the COVID-19 pandemic has impacted AUD and ALD epidemiology and access to treatment, and will discuss to address this rising AUD and ALD disease burden.
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Liu J, Kong L, Shao M, Sun C, Li C, Wang Y, Chai X, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Li X, Zhao H. Seabuckthorn polysaccharide combined with astragalus polysaccharide ameliorate alcoholic fatty liver by regulating intestinal flora. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1018557. [PMID: 36246879 PMCID: PMC9559367 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1018557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background At present, the incidence of alcoholic fatty liver disease (AFLD) is increasing year by year, and numerous studies have confirmed that liver diseases are closely related to intestinal flora. Seabuckthorn and Astragalus membranaceus, as traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) with the homology of medicine and food, have good liver protection, and their polysaccharides can regulate the intestinal flora. Here, we studied the effects of HRP, APS and the combination of the two polysaccharides on the intestinal flora of AFLD mice, which provided scientific basis for the treatment of AFLD with the two polysaccharides. Materials and methods Thirty Kunming (KM) mice were randomly divided into the control group (Con), the model group (Mod), the HRP treatment group (HRP), the APS treatment group (APS), and HRP+APS treatment group (HRP+APS), with six mice in each group. The AFLD model was constructed by continuous intragastric administration of 42% vol Niulanshan ethanol solution for 28 days, and the mice in each polysaccharide group were given corresponding drugs. The levels of AST, ALT, TC and TG in serum of mice were measured. 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing technique was used to determine the diversity and richness of intestinal flora, and the relative abundance of intestinal flora at phylum level and genus level of the mice in each group. Results HRP, APS and HRP+APS could reduce the serum levels of AST, ALT, TC and TG in mice. In addition, HRP, APS and HRP + APS restored the diversity, relative abundance and community structure of intestinal mucosa bacteria in AFLD mice to a certain extent. Specifically, HRP, APS and HRP+APS remarkably decreased the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes, and ultimately increased the abundance of beneficial bacteria and reduced the abundance of pathogenic bacteria. Conclusion HRP, APS, and HRP+APS can improve the intestinal microecology of AFLD model mice, alleviate liver injury, and maintain normal intestinal function in different degrees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayue Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Pharmacotoxicological Evaluation, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Lingzhou Kong
- College of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Pharmacotoxicological Evaluation, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Mengting Shao
- College of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Pharmacotoxicological Evaluation, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Changhai Sun
- College of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Pharmacotoxicological Evaluation, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Changxu Li
- College of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Pharmacotoxicological Evaluation, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Yanyan Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Pharmacotoxicological Evaluation, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Xue Chai
- College of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Pharmacotoxicological Evaluation, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Yuliang Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Pharmacotoxicological Evaluation, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Pharmacotoxicological Evaluation, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Xiaoliang Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Tropical Herbs, Haikou Key Laboratory of Li Nationality Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Hong Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Pharmacotoxicological Evaluation, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
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Han S, Yang Z, Zhang T, Ma J, Chandler K, Liangpunsakul S. Epidemiology of Alcohol-Associated Liver Disease. Clin Liver Dis 2021; 25:483-492. [PMID: 34229835 PMCID: PMC8996817 DOI: 10.1016/j.cld.2021.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) is a consequence of excessive alcohol use. It comprises a spectrum of histopathologic changes ranging from simple steatosis, steatohepatitis, and cirrhosis to hepatocellular carcinoma. The public health impact of ALD is growing because of an increase in the prevalence and incidence of ALD in parallel with liver transplant and mortalities. There are multiple factors involved in the pathogenesis and progression of ALD. Reducing alcohol consumption is the cornerstone of ALD management. The efforts to reduce excessive alcohol use at the individual and population levels are urgently needed to prevent adverse outcomes from ALD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Han
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, 702 Rotary Circle, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Peking University Cancer Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhihong Yang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, 702 Rotary Circle, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Ting Zhang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, 702 Rotary Circle, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Jing Ma
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, 702 Rotary Circle, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Kristina Chandler
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, 702 Rotary Circle, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Suthat Liangpunsakul
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, 702 Rotary Circle, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA,Roudebush Veterans Administration Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA,Corresponding author. Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, 702 Rotary Circle, Indianapolis, IN 46202.
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