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Yu GH, Kim HB, Ko SH, Kim YW, Lim YS, Park SW, Cho CG, Park JH. Expression of surfactant Protein-A in the Haemophilus influenzae-induced otitis media in a rat model. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2018; 112:61-66. [PMID: 30055742 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2018.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 06/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the expression and the role of surfactant protein A (SP-A) in the middle ear (ME) mucosa in response to bacterial infection in a rat model. Otitis media (OM) was induced by surgical inoculation of non-typeable Haemophilus influenza (NTHi) into the ME cavity of Sprague-Dawley rats. The rats were divided into an NTHi-induced OM group and a phosphate-buffered saline-injected control group. The NTHi-induced OM and control groups were subdivided into sets of 6 rats, one for each of the 6 time points (0, 1, 2, 4, 7, and 14 days post-inoculation), at which point the rats were euthanized after inoculation. The concentrations of SP-A in the ME effusion were determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Tissue expression of SP-A, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in infected ME mucosa was assessed by immunohistochemical staining. For mRNA expression quantification, RNA was extracted from the ME mucosa and SP-A expression was monitored and compared between the control and OM groups using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Expression of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in the ME mucosa was also evaluated. SP-A expression was evaluated in the effusion of pediatric OM patients (70 ears) who received ventilation-tube insertion by ELISA. SP-A was detected in normal rat ME mucosa before bacterial inoculation. SP-A expression was up-regulated in the NTHi-induced OM group (p = 0.046). Immunohistochemical staining revealed increased SP-A expression on post-inoculation day 1, 2, and 4 in the OM group. Expression of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) in the ME also increased significantly on post-inoculation day 1, 2, and 4 in the OM group. It correlated with changes in SP-A expression. Expression of SP-A was also identified in the ME effusion of humans. SP-A exists in the ME of the rat and was up-regulated in the ME of NTHi-induced OM. Expression of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α was increased in the ME of the bacteria-induced OM in the rat model. The results suggest that SP-A may play a significant role in the early phase of OM induction and subsequent recovery from it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gun Hee Yu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Dongguk University, Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Hee-Bok Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Dongguk University, Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Seo Hyun Ko
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Dongguk University, Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Youn Woo Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Dongguk University, Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Yun-Sung Lim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Dongguk University, Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Seok-Won Park
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Dongguk University, Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Chang Gun Cho
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Dongguk University, Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Joo Hyun Park
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Dongguk University, Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, South Korea.
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Intracranial venous injury, thrombosis and repair as hallmarks of mild blast traumatic brain injury in rats: Lessons from histological and immunohistochemical studies of decalcified sectioned heads and correlative microarray analysis. J Neurosci Methods 2016; 272:56-68. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2016.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Revised: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Abstract
In this review, we provide a description of the recent methods used for immunohistochemical staining of the human inner ear using formalin-fixed frozen, paraffin and celloidin-embedded sections. We also show the application of these immunohistochemical methods in auditory and vestibular endorgans microdissected from the human temporal bone. We compare the advantages and disadvantages of immunohistochemistry (IHC) in the different types of embedding media. IHC in frozen and paraffin-embedded sections yields a robust immunoreactive signal. Both frozen and paraffin sections would be the best alternative in the case where celloidin-embedding technique is not available. IHC in whole endorgans yields excellent results and can be used when desiring to detect regional variations of protein expression in the sensory epithelia. One advantage of microdissection is that the tissue is processed immediately and IHC can be made within 1 week of temporal bone collection. A second advantage of microdissection is the excellent preservation of both morphology and antigenicity. Using celloidin-embedded inner ear sections, we were able to detect several antigens by IHC and immunofluorescence using antigen retrieval methods. These techniques, previously applied only in animal models, allow for the study of numerous important proteins expressed in the human temporal bone potentially opening up a new field for future human inner ear research.
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Li L, Guo X, Olszewski E, Fan Z, Ai Y, Han Y, Xu L, Li J, Wang H. Expression of Surfactant Protein-A during LPS-Induced Otitis Media with Effusion in Mice. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2015; 153:433-9. [PMID: 26048420 DOI: 10.1177/0194599815587699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to investigate the expression and role of surfactant protein (SP) in the middle ear throughout lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced otitis media with effusion (OME). STUDY DESIGN Randomized case-controlled animal model. SETTING Shandong University, Jinan, China. SUBJECTS AND METHODS SP expression was monitored using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in normal mice (n = 5). Two groups, control phosphate-buffered saline-injected mice (n = 5) and LPS-injected mice (n = 5), were euthanized 5 days following injection. RNA was extracted for reverse transcription PCR and real-time PCR, and temporal bone samples were used for hematoxylin and eosin staining. LPS was injected into mice, and 5 mice per test were euthanized at 0, 12, 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours following injection. For mRNA expression quantification, reverse transcription PCR and real-time PCR were performed, and proinflammatory cytokine levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS SP-A and SP-D expression was detected in normal murine Eustachian tubes. SP-A expression was up-regulated after LPS-induced OME (P = .01). At various time points after LPS injection, concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α [TNF-α], interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6) in the middle ear increased significantly (P < .05) and correlated with changes in SP-A expression. CONCLUSION SP-A and SP-D exist in the murine middle ear. The expression of SP-A and TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 was up-regulated in the middle ear of the LPS-induced OME animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, P.R. China Shandong Institute of Otolaryngology, Jinan, P.R. China Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Otology, Jinan, P.R. China
| | - Xiangrui Guo
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, P.R. China Shandong Institute of Otolaryngology, Jinan, P.R. China Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Otology, Jinan, P.R. China
| | - Emily Olszewski
- University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Zhaomin Fan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, P.R. China Shandong Institute of Otolaryngology, Jinan, P.R. China Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Otology, Jinan, P.R. China
| | - Yu Ai
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, P.R. China Shandong Institute of Otolaryngology, Jinan, P.R. China Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Otology, Jinan, P.R. China
| | - Yuechen Han
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, P.R. China Shandong Institute of Otolaryngology, Jinan, P.R. China Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Otology, Jinan, P.R. China
| | - Lei Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, P.R. China Shandong Institute of Otolaryngology, Jinan, P.R. China Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Otology, Jinan, P.R. China
| | - Jianfeng Li
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, P.R. China Shandong Institute of Otolaryngology, Jinan, P.R. China Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Otology, Jinan, P.R. China
| | - Haibo Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, P.R. China Shandong Institute of Otolaryngology, Jinan, P.R. China Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Otology, Jinan, P.R. China
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Abstract
Velocardiofacial syndrome and DiGeorge syndrome, integrating to form the 22q11.2 deletion syndrome, manifest frequently with hearing loss. Instead, a labyrinthine anomaly is only occasionally described in velocardiofacial syndrome/DiGeorge syndrome. We report a vestibular labyrinthine malformation demonstrated with computed tomographic scan in a patient with a palatal cleft and a 22q11.2 deletion presenting as velocardiofacial syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erkki Hopsu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Kymenlaakso Central Hospital, Kotka Departments of Radiology Otorhinolaryngology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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Seidman MD, Van De Water TR. Pharmacologic Manipulation of the Labyrinth with Novel and Traditional Agents Delivered to the Inner Ear. EAR, NOSE & THROAT JOURNAL 2003. [DOI: 10.1177/014556130308200412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe the methodology and rationale behind the delivery of therapeutic medicines to the inner ear. The inner ear has long been impervious to pharmacologic manipulation. This is most likely the result of a protective mechanism called the blood-labyrinth barrier, whose function closely resembles that of the blood-brain barrier. This protective barrier impedes the clinician's ability to treat inner ear diseases with systemically administered medications. Since 1935, otolaryngologists have attempted to manipulate the inner ear with transtympanically injected medicines. Success has varied widely, but medicinal ablation of vestibular function can be achieved in this manner. Unfortunately, the auditory system is also at great risk from any medicine that is delivered to the inner ear via the middle ear. Over the past 10 years, significant improvements in drug delivery have allowed for more “titratable” treatment, which has reduced (but not eliminated) the risk of permanent hearing loss. In this article, we discuss both novel and time-tested methods of delivering medicines to the inner ear. We also review the classes of medications that alter inner ear function and the attendant risks of such treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D. Seidman
- Department of Otolaryngology, Henry Ford Medical Center, West Bloomfield, Mich
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Haginomori SI, Balaban CD, Miura M, Takasaki K, Sando I. Cellular proliferation of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue with otitis media: a preliminary study. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 2002; 111:926-32. [PMID: 12389863 DOI: 10.1177/000348940211101012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Histopathologic and immunohistochemical analyses were used to investigate the cellular proliferation of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) in human temporal bones with and without evidence of otitis media (OM). Anti-proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) antibody (clone PC10) was applied after the antigen retrieval procedure. Positive PCNA expression was observed in temporal bones that had been stored for 10 to 31 years in 80% ethanol. In specimens with purulent OM, the MALT had faint germinal centers (GCs). Positive PCNA expression in the MALT was moderate and scattered. In specimens with mucous OM, the MALT had complete GCs. Positive PCNA expression in the MALT was moderate to strong, and the distribution of PCNA-positive cells was associated predominantly in the GCs, the mucosal epithelial layer, and/or the subepithelial layer. In specimens with serous OM, the MALT also had complete GCs. However, the PCNA expression was weak and scattered, and appeared to be similar to that of the MALT in the temporal bones without OM. These results indicate that the cellular proliferation of MALT in the temporal bone might reflect the activity that produces secretory IgA against invasion of foreign antigens. However, further studies are needed to elucidate whether the PCNA expression within MALT in the eustachian tube and middle ear is associated with a mucosal immune response to inflammation as in OM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-ichi Haginomori
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
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Alper CM, Andalibi A, Bakaletz LO, Buchman C, Cayé-Thomasen P, Hellstrom SOM, Herman P, Hermansson A, Hussl B, Iino Y, Kawauchi H, Paparella MM, Sando I, Swarts JD, Takasaka T. Recent advances in otitis media. 4. Anatomy, cell biology, pathology, and animal models. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 2002; 188:36-51. [PMID: 11968860 DOI: 10.1177/00034894021110s307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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