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Lasalvia M, Capozzi V, Perna G. Classification of healthy and cancerous colon cells by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 321:124683. [PMID: 38908360 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.124683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is one of the most diagnosed types of cancer in developed countries. Current diagnostic methods are partly dependent on pathologist experience and laboratories instrumentation. In this study, we used Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy in transflection mode, combined with Principal Components Analysis followed by Linear Discriminant Analysis (PCA-LDA) and Partial Least Squares - Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA), to build a classification algorithm to diagnose colon cancer in cell samples, based on absorption spectra measured in two spectral ranges of the mid-infrared spectrum. In particular, PCA technique highlights small biochemical differences between healthy and cancerous cells: these are related to the larger lipid content in the former compared with the latter and to the larger relative amount of protein and nucleic acid components in the cancerous cells compared with the healthy ones. Comparison of the classification accuracy of PCA-LDA and PLS-DA methods applied to FTIR spectra measured in the 1000-1800 cm-1 (low wavenumber range, LWR) and 2700-3700 cm-1 (high wavenumber range, HWR) remarks that both algorithms are able to classify hidden class FTIR spectra with excellent accuracy (100 %) in both spectral regions. This is a hopeful result for clinical translation of infrared spectroscopy: in fact, it makes reliable the predictions obtained using FTIR measurements carried out only in the HWR, in which the glass slides used in clinical laboratories are transparent to IR radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Lasalvia
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, Università di Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Vito Capozzi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, Università di Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Perna
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, Università di Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy.
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Kobal MB, Camacho SA, Moreira LG, Toledo KA, Tada DB, Aoki PHB. Unveiling the mechanisms underlying photothermal efficiency of gold shell-isolated nanoparticles (AuSHINs) on ductal mammary carcinoma cells (BT-474). Biophys Chem 2023; 300:107077. [PMID: 37515949 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2023.107077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles are valuable photothermal agents owing to their efficient photothermal conversion, photobleaching resistance, and potential surface functionalization. Herein, we combined bioinspired membranes with in vitro assays to elicit the molecular mechanisms of gold shell-isolated nanoparticles (AuSHINs) on ductal mammary carcinoma cells (BT-474). Langmuir and Langmuir-Schaefer (LS) films were handled to build biomembranes from BT-474 lipid extract. AuSHINs incorporation led to surface pressure-area (π-A) isotherms expansion, increasing membrane flexibility. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) of LS multilayers revealed electrostatic AuSHINs interaction with head portions of BT-474 lipid extract, causing lipid chain disorganization. Limited AuSHINs insertion into monolayer contributed to hydroperoxidation of the unsaturated lipids upon irradiation, consistently with the surface area increments of ca. 2.0%. In fact, membrane disruption of irradiated BT-474 cells containing AuSHINs was confirmed by confocal microscopy and LDH leakage, with greater damage at 2.2 × 1013 AuSHINs/mL. Furthermore, the decrease in nuclei dimensions indicates cell death through photoinduced damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- M B Kobal
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Sciences, Humanities and Languages, Assis, SP 19806-900, Brazil
| | - S A Camacho
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Sciences, Humanities and Languages, Assis, SP 19806-900, Brazil; University of São Paulo (USP), São Carlos Institute of Physics (IFSC), São Carlos, SP 13566-590, Brazil
| | - L G Moreira
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Sciences, Humanities and Languages, Assis, SP 19806-900, Brazil
| | - K A Toledo
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Sciences, Humanities and Languages, Assis, SP 19806-900, Brazil; São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, Letters and Exact Sciences, São José do Rio Preto, SP 15054-000, Brazil
| | - D B Tada
- Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Institute of Science and Technology, São José dos Campos, SP 12231-280, Brazil
| | - P H B Aoki
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Sciences, Humanities and Languages, Assis, SP 19806-900, Brazil.
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Trang NTK, Yoo H. Antitumor effects of valdecoxib on hypopharyngeal squamous carcinoma cells. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2022; 26:439-446. [PMID: 36302619 PMCID: PMC9614398 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2022.26.6.439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The antitumoral effects of valdecoxib (Val), an United States Food and Drug Administration-approved anti-inflammatory drug that was withdrawn due to the side effects of increased risk of cardiovascular adverse events, were investigated in hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma cells by performing a cell viability assay, transwell assay, immunofluorescence imaging, and Western blotting. Val markedly inhibited cell viability with an IC50 of 67.3 μM after 48 h of treatment, and also downregulated cell cycle proteins such as Cdks and their regulatory cyclin units. Cell migration and invasion were severely suppressed by inhibiting integrin α4/FAK expression. In addition, Val activated the cell cycle checkpoint CHK2 in response to excessive DNA damage, which led to the activation of caspase-3/9 and induced caspase-dependent apoptosis. Furthermore, the signaling cascades of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways were significantly inhibited by Val treatment. Taken together, our results indicate that Val can be used for the treatment of hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Thi Kieu Trang
- Department of Pharmacology and Dental Therapeutics, College of Dentistry, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea,Department of Pharmacy, Thai Binh University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Thai Binh City 06000, Vietnam
| | - Hoon Yoo
- Department of Pharmacology and Dental Therapeutics, College of Dentistry, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea,Correspondence Hoon Yoo, E-mail:
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Use of ATR-FTIR Spectroscopy and Chemometrics for the Variation of Active Components in Different Harvesting Periods of Lonicera japonica. Int J Anal Chem 2022; 2022:8850914. [PMID: 35295923 PMCID: PMC8920638 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8850914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Lonicera japonica Thunb is a commonly used Chinese herbal medicine, which belongs to the family Caprifoliaceae. The active components varied greatly during bud development. Research on the variation of the main active components is significant for the timely harvesting and quality control of Lonicera japonica. In this study, the attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) combined with the chemometric method was performed to investigate the variability of different harvesting periods of Lonicera japonica. The preliminary characterization from ATR-FTIR fingerprints showed various characteristic absorption peaks of the main active components from the different harvesting times, such as flavonoids, organic acids, iridoids, and volatile oils. Additionally, principal component analysis (PCA) scatter plots showed that there was a clear clustering trend in the samples of the same harvesting period, and the samples of the different harvesting periods could be well distinguished. Finally, further analysis by the orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) showed that there were regular changes in flavonoids, phenolic acids, iridoids, and volatile oils in different harvesting periods. Therefore, ATR-FTIR, as a novel and convenient analytical method, could be applied to evaluate the quality of Lonicera japonica.
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Jeyamogan S, Khan NA, Sagathevan K, Siddiqui R. Anticancer Properties of Asian Water Monitor Lizard (Varanus salvator), Python (Malayopython reticulatus) and Tortoise (Cuora kamaroma amboinensis). Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 20:1558-1570. [PMID: 32364082 DOI: 10.2174/1871520620666200504103056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Revised: 01/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer contributes to significant morbidity and mortality despite advances in treatment and supportive care. There is a need for the identification of effective anticancer agents. Reptiles such as tortoise, python, and water monitor lizards are exposed to heavy metals, tolerate high levels of radiation, feed on rotten/germ-infested feed, thrive in unsanitary habitat and yet have prolonged lifespans. Such species are rarely reported to develop cancer, suggesting the presence of anticancer molecules/mechanisms. METHODS Here, we tested effects from sera of Asian water monitor lizard (Varanus salvator), python (Malayopython reticulatus) and tortoise (Cuora kamaroma amboinensis) against cancer cells. Sera were collected and cytotoxicity assays were performed using prostate cancer cells (PC3), Henrietta Lacks cervical adenocarcinoma cells (HeLa) and human breast adenocarcinoma cells (MCF7), as well as human keratinized skin cells (Hacat), by measuring lactate dehydrogenase release as an indicator for cell death. Growth inhibition assays were performed to determine the effects on cancer cell proliferation. Liquid chromatography mass spectrometry was performed for molecular identification. RESULTS The findings revealed that reptilian sera, but not bovine serum, abolished viability of Hela, PC3 and MCF7 cells. Samples were subjected to liquid chromatography mass spectrometry, which detected 57 molecules from V. salvator, 81 molecules from Malayopython reticulatus and 33 molecules from C. kamaroma amboinensis and putatively identified 9 molecules from V. salvator, 20 molecules from Malayopython reticulatus and 9 molecules from C. kamaroma amboinensis when matched against METLIN database. Based on peptide amino acid composition, binary profile, dipeptide composition and pseudo-amino acid composition, 123 potential Anticancer Peptides (ACPs) were identified from 883 peptides from V. salvator, 306 potential ACPs from 1074 peptides from Malayopython reticulatus and 235 potential ACPs from 885 peptides from C. kamaroma amboinensis. CONCLUSION To our knowledge, for the first time, we reported comprehensive analyses of selected reptiles' sera using liquid chromatography mass spectrometry, leading to the identification of potentially novel anticancer agents. We hope that the discovery of molecules from these animals will pave the way for the rational development of new anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shareni Jeyamogan
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science and Technology, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Naveed A Khan
- Department of Biology, Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, American University of Sharjah, University City, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Kuppusamy Sagathevan
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science and Technology, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ruqaiyyah Siddiqui
- Department of Biology, Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, American University of Sharjah, University City, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
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Jeyamogan S, Khan NA, Sagathevan K, Siddiqui R. Crocodylus porosus: a potential source of anticancer molecules. BMJ OPEN SCIENCE 2020; 4:e100040. [PMID: 35047686 PMCID: PMC8749261 DOI: 10.1136/bmjos-2019-100040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cancer remains a global threat resulting in significant morbidity and mortality despite advances in therapeutic interventions, suggesting urgency for identification of anticancer agents. Crocodiles thrive in polluted habitat, feed on germ-infested meat, are exposed to carcinogenic heavy metals, are the very few species to survive the catastrophic Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event, yet have a prolonged lifespan and rarely been reported to develop cancer. Therefore, we hypothesised that animals living in polluted environments such as crocodiles possess anticancer molecules/mechanisms. Methods Crocodylus porosus was procured, blood collected, dissected and lysates prepared from internal organs. Organ lysates and sera were tested for growth inhibition, cytotoxic effects and cell survival against HeLa, PC3 and MCF7 cells and subjected to liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. RNA transcriptome analysis and differential gene analysis were performed using Galaxy Bioinformatics. Results Sera exhibited potent growth inhibition and cytotoxic effects against cancer cells. 80 molecules were detected from C. porosus and 19 molecules were putatively identified. Additionally, more than 100 potential anticancer peptides were identified from sera using bioinformatics based on peptide amino acid composition, binary profile, dipeptide composition and pseudo-amino acid composition. Following transcriptome analysis, 14 genes in treated HeLa cells, 51 genes in treated MCF7 cells and 2 genes in treated PC3 cells, were found to be expressed, compared with untreated controls. Conclusion Animals residing in polluted milieus are an unexploited source for prospective pharmaceutical drugs, and could lead to identification of novel antitumour compound(s) and/or further understanding of the mechanisms of cancer resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shareni Jeyamogan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Naveed Ahmed Khan
- Department of Biology, Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, American University of Sharjah, University City, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - K Sagathevan
- Science and Technology, Sunway College, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ruqaiyyah Siddiqui
- Department of Biology, Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, American University of Sharjah, University City, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
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Cakmak-Arslan G, Haksoy H, Goc-Rasgele P, Kekecoglu M. Determination of the dose-dependent toxic effects of mad honey on mouse liver using ATR-FTIR spectroscopy. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 228:117719. [PMID: 31753646 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2019.117719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Mad honey (MH) is obtained from Rhododendron plants, which are extensively grown in some regions of the world such as Europe, North America, Tropical Asia and Turkey. Although it has been known that MH induces adverse effects in the body due to grayanotoxin (GTX) in it, it is widely used for some medical purposes by the public. In this study, the effects of MH (25, 50 and 75 mg/kg) and GTX-III (0.01 mg/kg), which is the pure form of the most toxic type of the GTXs in MH, were investigated on the mouse liver at molecular level via Attenuated Total Reflection-Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy. The results showed that 25 and 50 mg/kg of MH didn't cause any significant alterations in the liver tissue except a decrease in the glycogen amount. However, significant differences were observed between 75 mg/kg MH and GTX-III treated groups and control group. For example, the amounts of saturated lipids, nucleic acids and proteins increased in the 75 mg/kg MH and GTX-III treated groups. A decrease in the ratios of unsaturated/saturated lipid, CH2/lipid and carbonyl/lipid and an increase in the ratio of CH3/lipid were observed after the administration of 75 mg/kg MH and GTX-III, all of which may be a consequence of lipid peroxidation. Moreover, 75 mg/kg MH and GTX-III caused a decrease in the membrane order, an increase in the membrane fluidity and some important changes on the secondary structure of proteins indicating protein denaturation. In addition, Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) confirmed these findings. These results revealed that MH induces significant dose-dependent toxic effects in the structure and function of the liver tissue. This study also showed that ATR-FTIR spectroscopy provides a rapid and sensitive monitoring of the changes induced by a toxic compound on biological tissues at molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulgun Cakmak-Arslan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Duzce University, 81620, Duzce, Turkey.
| | - Humeyra Haksoy
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Duzce University, 81620, Duzce, Turkey
| | - Pinar Goc-Rasgele
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Sciences, Duzce University, 81620, Duzce, Turkey
| | - Meral Kekecoglu
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Duzce University, 81620, Duzce, Turkey
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Jeyamogan S, Khan NA, Sagathevan K, Siddiqui R. Sera/Organ Lysates of Selected Animals Living in Polluted Environments Exhibit Cytotoxicity against Cancer Cell Lines. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2020; 19:2251-2268. [DOI: 10.2174/1871520619666191011161314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Background:
Species of crocodiles and cockroaches can withstand high radiation, reside in unsanitary
conditions, thrive on germ-infested feed, and are exposed to heavy metals, yet they are not reported to
develop cancer. It has been postulated that such species have mechanisms to defend themselves against developing
cancer. Here, selected species have been tested for potential cytotoxicity against selected cancer cell lines.
Methods:
In this study, various species of vertebrates and invertebrates were procured including Columba livia,
Gallus gallus domesticus, Varanus salvator, Cuora kamamora amboinensis, Reticulatus malayanus, Oreochromis
mossambicus, Rattus rattus, American bullfrog, Donax sp., Polymesoda coaxans, Tenebrio molitor,
Lumbricus terrestris, Blatta lateralis, Grammostola rosea, and Penaeus monodon. Species were dissected and
their organ lysates/sera/haemolymph were prepared. Cytotoxicity assays were performed using Prostate Cancer
cells (PC3), Henrietta Lacks cervical adenocarcinoma cells (HeLa) and human breast adenocarcinoma cells
(MCF7) as well as human keratinized skin cells (Hacat), by measuring lactate dehydrogenase release as an indicator
for cell death. Growth inhibition assays were performed to determine the effects on cancer cell proliferation.
Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was performed for molecular identification.
Results:
The results revealed that body lysates of Polymesoda coaxans demonstrated more than 99% growth
inhibition of all cancer cell lines tested but not on normal Hacat cells. More importantly, the serum of M. reticulatus
abolished growth and produced cytotoxicity. Hence these samples were subjected to Liquid Chromatography-
Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), which detected 81 small molecules and putatively identified 20 molecules
when matched against the METLIN database. Out of 1094 peptides, 21 peptides were identified, while
1074 peptides were categorized as novel peptides. Based on properties such as peptide amino acid composition,
binary profile, dipeptide composition and pseudo-amino acid composition, 306 potential peptides were
identified.
Conclusion:
To our knowledge, here for the first time, we report a comprehensive analysis of sera exhibiting
cytotoxicity against cancer cell lines tested and identified several molecules using LC-MS/MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shareni Jeyamogan
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science and Technology, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Naveed A. Khan
- Department of Biology, Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, American University of Sharjah, University City, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Kuppusamy Sagathevan
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science and Technology, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ruqaiyyah Siddiqui
- Department of Biology, Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, American University of Sharjah, University City, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
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Nephroprotective Effect of Embryonic Stem Cells Reducing Lipid Peroxidation in Kidney Injury Induced by Cisplatin. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:5420624. [PMID: 31001374 PMCID: PMC6437739 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5420624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Introduction The acute kidney injury (AKI) is characterized by a sudden glomerular filtration reduction. Renal or intrinsic causes of AKI include nephrotoxicity induced by exogenous agents like cisplatin, which causes oxidative stress altering the biochemical process and leading to apoptosis. Therefore, this research is aimed at analyzing the embryonic stem cells (ESC) nephroprotective effect in AKI induced by cisplatin, employing genetic, phenotypic, and microspectroscopic techniques. Methods Thirty mice were randomly divided into three groups (n = 10): the healthy, isotonic salt solution (ISS), and mouse embryonic stem cells (mESC) groups. The ISS and mESC groups were subjected to AKI using cisplatin; 24 h post-AKI received an intraperitoneal injection of ISS or 1 × 106 mESC, respectively. At days 4 and 8 post-AKI, five mice of each group were sacrificed to analyze the histopathological, genetic (PDK4 and HO-1), protein (p53), and vibrational microspectroscopic changes. Results Histopathologically, interstitial nephritis and acute tubular necrosis were observed; however, the mESC group showed a more preserved microarchitecture with high cellularity. Additionally, the PDK4 and HO-1 gene expression only increased in the ISS group on day 4 post-AKI. Likewise, p53 was more immunoexpressed at day 8 post-AKI in the ISS group. About biomolecular analysis by microspectroscopy, bands associated with lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids were evidenced. Besides, ratios related to membrane function (protein/lipid), unsaturated lipid content (olefinic/total lipid, olefinic/total CH2, and CH2/CH3), and lipid peroxidation demonstrated oxidative stress induction and lipid peroxidation increase mainly in the ISS group. Finally, the principal component analysis discriminated against each group; nonetheless, some data of the healthy and mESC groups at day 8 were correlated. Conclusions The mESC implant diminishes cisplatin nephrotoxicity, once the protective effect in the reduction of lipid peroxidation was demonstrated, reflecting a functional and histological restoration.
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Tunçer S, Gurbanov R, Sheraj I, Solel E, Esenturk O, Banerjee S. Low dose dimethyl sulfoxide driven gross molecular changes have the potential to interfere with various cellular processes. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14828. [PMID: 30287873 PMCID: PMC6172209 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33234-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is a small molecule with polar, aprotic and amphiphilic properties. It serves as a solvent for many polar and nonpolar molecules and continues to be one of the most used solvents (vehicle) in medical applications and scientific research. To better understand the cellular effects of DMSO within the concentration range commonly used as a vehicle (0.1-1.5%, v/v) for cellular treatments, we applied Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR) Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy to DMSO treated and untreated epithelial colon cancer cells. Both unsupervised (Principal Component Analysis-PCA) and supervised (Linear Discriminant Analysis-LDA) pattern recognition/modelling algorithms applied to the IR data revealed total segregation and prominent differences between DMSO treated and untreated cells at whole, lipid and nucleic acid regions. Several of these data were supported by other independent techniques. Further IR data analyses of macromolecular profile indicated comprehensive alterations especially in proteins and nucleic acids. Protein secondary structure analysis showed predominance of β-sheet over α-helix in DMSO treated cells. We also observed for the first time, a reduction in nucleic acid level upon DMSO treatment accompanied by the formation of Z-DNA. Molecular docking and binding free energy studies indicated a stabilization of Z-DNA in the presence of DMSO. This alternate DNA form may be related with the specific actions of DMSO on gene expression, differentiation, and epigenetic alterations. Using analytical tools combined with molecular and cellular biology techniques, our data indicate that even at very low concentrations, DMSO induces a number of changes in all macromolecules, which may affect experimental outcomes where DMSO is used as a solvent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinem Tunçer
- Department of Biological Sciences, Orta Dogu Teknik Universitesi (ODTU/METU), Ankara, 06800, Turkey
- Vocational School of Health Services, Department of Medical Laboratory Techniques, Bilecik Şeyh Edebali University, Bilecik, 11230, Turkey
| | - Rafig Gurbanov
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bilecik Şeyh Edebali University, Bilecik, 11230, Turkey
| | - Ilir Sheraj
- Department of Biological Sciences, Orta Dogu Teknik Universitesi (ODTU/METU), Ankara, 06800, Turkey
| | - Ege Solel
- Department of Biological Sciences, Orta Dogu Teknik Universitesi (ODTU/METU), Ankara, 06800, Turkey
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Postbox 7804, Bergen, N-5020, Norway
| | - Okan Esenturk
- Department of Chemistry, Orta Dogu Teknik Universitesi (ODTU/METU), Ankara, 06800, Turkey
| | - Sreeparna Banerjee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Orta Dogu Teknik Universitesi (ODTU/METU), Ankara, 06800, Turkey.
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